National Pharmaceutical University Research Articles

Study of analgesic and myotropic spasmolytic activity of alkylcarb

The work is devoted to the search for new biologically active substances in a series of alkylamides of dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. Analgesic properties of 30 newly synthesized substances were studied, which made it possible to identify the leader compound (provisional name alkylcarb) and recommend its effectiveness for further research as an antispasmodic agent for pain relief. It has been established experimentally, that the substance alkylcarb exhibits concentration-dependent vasodilatory properties in vitro on segments of the thoracic aorta of rats. The data, obtained in the work, justify the prospect of using the leader substance as a new analgesic and antispasmodic drug. The research expands and deepens knowledge about the pharmacological properties of alkylamide derivatives of dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid.
 The aim of the work was to conduct screening studies to establish the analgesic activity of a newly synthesized series of chemical compounds among alkylamides of dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and to study the myotropic spasmolytic activity of the leader substance.
 Materials and methods. Analgesic properties of alkylamides of dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid were studied on outbred white mice in the "acetic acid convulsions" test. During the experiment, the animals were treated in accordance with the International Principles of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments and Other Scientific Purposes (Strasbourg, March 18, 1986). The studied substances were administered intragastrically to experimental animals at a dose of 10 mg/kg in the form of a finely dispersed aqueous suspension, stabilized with Tween-80. Voltaren at a dose of 8 mg/kg, recommended for preclinical studies, and analgin at a dose of 50 mg/kg were chosen as reference drugs.
 The studies of the contractile activity of smooth muscle vessels were carried out on segments of the thoracic aorta of rats of both sexes weighing 180-200 g. The studies of dilator reactions were carried out against the background of preliminary contraction with phenylephrine at a concentration of 10-6 mol/l. The antispasmodic efficiency of the new compound was determined in comparison with the classic antispasmodic drotaverine.
 The statistical processing of the results was carried out using the package of statistical analysis of electronic spreadsheets Exel, with the help of the program "Statgraphics Plus v. 3.0.” and the standard package of statistical programs "Statistica, V. 6.0". We used the Student's test, a non-parametric analog of univariate variance analysis - the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann-Whitney test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
 Results. The study of the analgesic activity of substances АO1-АO30 in the "acetic acid convulsion" test in mice showed that a compound АO26 (provisional name alkylcarb) has the most pronounced analgesic activity when administered intragastrically. In the "acetic acid convulsion" test, alkylcarb (10 mg/kg, per os) probably reduces the number of convulsions, caused by acetic acid. The level of activity of this compound is comparable to the activity of diclofenac (8 mg/kg, per os) and exceeds analgin (50 mg/kg, per os). The substance alkylcarb relieved vasospasm at the level of the comparison drug drotaverine in in vitro experiments on a model of an isolated fragment of the thoracic aorta of rats against the background of previous constriction with phenylephrine.
 Conclusion. Today, the search for new highly effective non-opioid analgesics is an urgent problem of modern pharmacology, since painkillers used in clinical practice do not meet the requirements of efficiency and safety. In this regard, in recent years, scientists of the National Pharmaceutical University have been intensively searching for new, highly effective substances with antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects among alkylamides of dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid.

Investigation of the influence of dry extracts of bupleurum aureum and Salsola collina L. on the antimicrobial effect of co-trimoxazole

Scientific data on the pharmacodynamics of dry extracts of Bupleurum aureum and Salsola collina L. based on the results of studying the antimicrobial effect and the similar effect of co-trimoxazole when they are used together have been supplemented. The investigated phytoextracts do not show antimicrobial properties, but they do not change the antimicrobial effect of co-trimoxazole when they are used in combination.
 The aim of the study was to experimentally investigate the antimicrobial effect of extracts of Bupleurum aureum and Salsola collina L. and establish the possible antagonistic effect of these extracts on the antimicrobial drug co-trimoxazole when used together.
 Materials and methods. The research was conducted in May 2016. Screening of the antimicrobial effect of extracts of Bupleurum aureum and Salsola collina L. and establishing of the possible antagonistic effect of these extracts on the antimicrobial drug co-trimoxazole when they are used together was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology of the National Pharmaceutical University, which has a certificate of attestation 045/14 dated 28.10.2014. For determination of antimicrobial activity, the agar diffusion method ("well" method), which is based on the ability of medicinal substances to penetrate the agar layer, was used. A set of reference strains of microorganisms was used: S. aureus ATCC 6538, E. coli ATCC 8739, P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, B. subtilis ATCC 6633, C. albicans ATCC 10231. Petri dishes were filled with two layers of solid nutrient medium. The lower layer - 10 ml of melted "cold" AGV agar (medium No. 3), the upper layer - nutrient medium for the corresponding test strain. After cooling the lower layer of agar, three thin-walled steel cylinders (inner diameter - 6.0±0.1 mm, height - 10.0±0.1 mm) were placed on it at an equal distance from each other and from the edge of the cup. The top layer was poured around the cylinders - 13.5 ml of agar, melted and cooled to 45-48°С, mixed with the seed dose of the test microorganism (1.5 ml of microbial suspension, the concentration corresponding to the type of microorganism). After cooling the upper layer of agar, the cylinders were removed with sterile tweezers and 0.25-0.3 ml of the studied drug was added to the resulting wells. The results were recorded after 24 h by measuring the zone of growth inhibition, including the diameter of the wells. Measurements were made with an accuracy of 1 mm, while focusing on the complete absence of visible growth.
 The obtained data were analyzed using the methods of variational statistics. The significance level is p<0.05. The studied plant extracts of Bupleurum aureum (aqueous and alcoholic) and Salsola collina L. (aqueous and alcoholic) were used in doses of 0.005 mg/ml and 0.01 mg/ml, which corresponded to doses of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg. Experimental data were also processed by parametric (Newman-Keuls) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney) methods of variational statistics, using the Statistica 6.0 statistical software package; differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
 Results. At the final stage, the determination of the antimicrobial effect of water and alcohol extracts of Bupleurum aureum and Salsola collina L. at doses of 1 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml was carried out, and the effect of BAS of these extracts on the antimicrobial effect of co-trimoxazole when used together was determined. In the course of the study, it has been established, that the addition of the above-mentioned extracts to the co-trimoxazole formulation does not affect its initial antimicrobial properties.
 Conclusion. Today, drug-induced liver injury remains one of the most important problems of hepatology and pediatrics, pharmacological science pays a lot of attention to the search for new effective and harmless drugs with a hepatoprotective effect, and the improvement of existing drugs is primarily aimed at increasing their specificity and reducing side effects related to the pharmacological properties of the drug. Currently, there is increasing interest in medicinal plants as a source of various biologically active substances (BAS), which provide a wide spectrum of pharmacological action of the agent, which allows to immediately affect various links of the pathogenesis of liver diseases. The analysis of scientific sources made it possible to establish that medicinal products of plant origin, thanks to BAS, possess polymodality of effects and reveal a versatile complex effect on the course of pathological processes in the body. Most drugs are characterized by good tolerability, absence of withdrawal syndrome and toxicity to parenchymal organs. Medicinal plants are used not only as monopreparations, but also in combination with synthetic drugs and as raw materials for obtaining BAS

Результативність методик оцінки рівня здоров’я студентів

Purpose: The article presents the results of the assessment of the health level of first-year students of the National Pharmaceutical University. Material and methods: 188 students (141 - girls, 47 - boys) of the first year of study were examined. In the course of the study, the level of health was determined using various methods: the method of J.S. Weinbaum, the method of O.A. Pyrohova, evaluation of the level of somatic health according to G.L. Apanasenko. Height, body weight, dynamometry, vital lung capacity, heart rate, blood pressure, Ruffier index and corresponding indices (body mass index, vital index, strength index, double product) were determined in all subjects. Results: our research confirmed the information of scientists about the average level of health of student youth in Ukraine. Conclusions: The results of research indicate that the health level of first-year students according to the method of O.A. Pirogovova for girls is at the "average and above average level", and for boys this indicator is at the "above average level". According to the method of G.L. Apanasenko, the level of health of female students is at the "average level", and for boys this indicator is at the "below average and average level". According to the methodology of J.S. Weinbaum, the health level of students is on the II degree of health.

EXPERIMENTAL APPROVAL OF THE EFFICACY OF THE COMBINED COMPOSITION RECTAL CREAM NEW TEST-SAMPLES IN THE CONDITIONS OF ACUTE COMPLICATED ANAL FISSURE IN RATS

Anal fissure (AF) is one of the most common anorectal problems. The severity of the disease, the chronicity of the pathological process and frequent complications lead to a sharp deterioration in the quality of life of patients. An important place in the treatment of anal fissure is occupied by drugs that affect its key mechanism of pathogenesis, namely, reduce the muscle tone of the internal anal sphincter and have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and reparative properties. Aim: conducting of screening studies of the effectiveness of new test samples of rectal cream of the combined composition (RCCC) on the model of acute complicated anal fissure in rats and determining the optimal composition of the potential drug. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the Central Scientific Research Laboratory of the National Pharmaceutical University (CSRL NUPH) in the spring (April) season of 2015 on the female rats. A study of test specimens of the rectal cream of the combined composition was performed on a modified model of acute anal fissure. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated in terms of (0 to 2) severity of edema, hyperaemia, local bleeding, purulent necrotic processes, scapular formation, anatomical defect, and a general indicator of the severity of the pathological process (by the sum of the points for all the criteria that were analyzed). The level of proinflammatory PGE2 in serum was determined by the immune enzyme method. Results. The RCCC sample No. 4 showed the most expressive therapeutic effect among the four samples under study, and had credible benefits to the inhibitory effect on purulent-necrotic processes, as expressed by the differences in the overall rate of the pathological process (6 days: 5.83±0.47 points against 7.00±0.37; 7.83±0.31 under the influence of RCCC No. 2, No. 3, respectively, and for 11 days 5.00±1.03 versus 6.83±1.28 points (p=0.08 ) under the influence of RCCC No. 1). The ability of RCCCs No.1 and No.4 to reduce the level of pro-inflammatory PGE2 in blood serum of rats compared with CP in 1.8 and 2.0 times, respectively, contributed to accelerating epithelization and scar formation. The advantages of RCCC No. 4 on the comparison of the ointment "Proctozan" with the reduction of the period of epithelization of the defect of the mucous membrane of the anal canal for 3 days (for 7 days – RCCC No. 4, for 10 days - ointment "Proctozan"). Conclusions. The rectal cream of the combined composition No. 4 showed the greatest efficacy, had advantages over the comparison ointment "Proctozan", and is promising for the creation on its basis a new drug for the treatment of anal fissures.

The current technologies and innovation approaches in educational activities of the Institute of Pharmacy Professionals Qualification Improvement

The modern pharmaceutical industry is dynamically developing and requires qualified and competitive professionals capable of continuous professional development. This problem is successfully solved by the Institute of Pharmacy Professionals Qualification improvement at the National Pharmaceutical University (IPhPQI NUPh). It provides the need of the continuous postgraduate training of the staff of the pharmaceutical sector from the primary specialization (internship) and during further professional development throughout the period of the pharmaceutical activity. Aim. To summarize the experience of using the modern educational technologies and innovative approaches applied in the education of adults in the IPhPQI educational process. Results. The continuous process of innovations, which is present in all spheres of activity, dynamizes the labor market and requires pharmacists to adapt to changes in the socio-economic environment as soon as possible and their willingness to develop professional competence during the professional life. According to modern challenges the IPhPQI is updating its educational platform, which reflects the main activities with implementation of global trends in development of higher pharmaceutical education. The involve ment of innovative technologies is due to the specificity of the postgraduate education, which is carried out in a rapidly updated information space. The academic staff of the postgraduate education system should make maximum use of interactive methods aimed at enhancing the attention of students to the educational material and its critical thinking. Conclusions. Modern continuous professional development of employees of the pharmaceutical sector of healthcare is impossible without development and introduction of innovative forms of education. Implementation of the educational model “life-long education” is currently important and realistic for Ukraine; it requires the support and development of subsystems of this model: non-formal and informal education, online education, and other models of education, which correspond to modern educational needs due to the widespread implementation of educational innovations.

Study of labour market needs in logistics managers

Every year, competitive pressures in the educational services is growing in Ukraine. The leading Ukrainian higher educational establishments improve constantly the curriculum and training programs. Aim. To study the requirements of modern Ukrainian employers of rather professional and personal competences of logistics managers. Materials and methods . Analysis, synthesis, empirical methods, generalization, method of control poll, modeling method. Results . In the article it is proved the growing interest of the Ukrainian employers to attraction of highly professional shots in the field of logistics. It is defined that modern employers at selection of personnel for vacancies of logistics managers pay much attention not only to professional, but also personal competences of the specified experts. Authors have created the generalized list of professional and personal competences of logistics managers whom candidates for occupation of vacancies of logisticians for successful employment have to possess. The analysis of compliance of requirements of employers to the available competences of graduates of the educational and professional Logistics program of the National pharmaceutical university is carried out. It is proved that adjustment of system of monitoring of requirements of employers and other stakeholders to competence of logistics managers is the key to their high-quality preparation in higher educational institutions. Conclusions . Today the logistics manager is one of the most popular and highly paid experts. But along with it domestic employers make essential demands concerning their professional and personal competences. Generalized by authors (on the basis of the conducted market researches of labor market of logisticians) the list of professional and personal competences of logistics managers will help higher educational institutions of Ukraine to increase quality of their preparation, and – to direct to future experts efforts to education in itself the necessary personal qualities promoting their successful employment.

Motivation: Attitude of Students of Higher Education Institutions of the I-II Accreditation Levels Toward Physical Education Classes

The purpose of the paper is to identify the dominant motives for physical education among students of higher education institutions of the I-II accreditation levels at different stages of studying.
 Materials and methods. The study involved first-year (n=30), second-year (n=30), and third-year (n=30) female students of the College of the National Pharmaceutical University (Kharkiv) who attend physical education classes in the main group. The paper used general scientific methods of theoretical level (analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, deduction), as well as general scientific methods of empirical level (observation, questioning, ranking). The study materials were processed by the IBM SPSS 23 statistical analysis software. The following parameters were calculated: the Kruskal — Wallis test for independent samples, the Pearson χ2 criterion, the Pearson correlation coefficients, and the Kendall’s Tau-b.
 Results. The analysis of the data obtained shows that most female students lead sedentary lifestyles. Only 13.3% of the first- and second-year students and 16.7% of the third-year students participate in physical activity outside of curriculum time every day; at least three times a week – 53.4% of the first- and third-year students, and 40% of the second-year students; several times a month – 26.6% of the first-year students, 33.4% of the second-year students, and 20% of the third-year students; no physical activity at all – 6.7% of the girls of the first year, 13.3% – of the second year, and 10% – of the third year of study. The most significant motives for physical education among the college female students are to improve body shapes, to improve health, to lose weight, and to foster one’s moral and volitional qualities.
 Conclusions. The dominant motive for physical education among female students of higher education institutions of the I-II accreditation levels regardless of the year of study are to improve body shapes, to improve health, to lose weight.

Motivation of obtaining higher pharmaceutical education of students of the National Pharmaceutical University

Choice of profession is the main factor in the further life of man, his attitude to himself and the world.
 When choosing a profession, a person is guided by a number of motives. In modern society, the motives of high school students are influenced by many socio-psychological factors: material living conditions, new reforms in secondary and higher education, individual-psychological characteristics of a senior pupil, his abilities, communication skills, families and socialization. All this causes changes in the motivational system of the individual, which in turn influences the process of choosing the future profession.
 All of the above proves the importance and urgency of studying the motives for the choice of the specialty and university by applicants.
 The research topic is the motives for choosing a university and specialty and their role in the formation of future professionals.
 The purpose of the study is to determine the channels for obtaining information about the university and the specialty, identifying the motives for choosing a university and the first impressions of being at the university.
 The subject of the study is students of the National Pharmaceutical University 1 course of pharmaceutical faculties N 1, N 2, N 3.
 The subject of the research is the motives for choosing a university and specialty, awareness of the profession, the sustainability of professional choice, satisfaction with the chosen institution and specialty.
 Methods of research – on-line questioning, study and analysis of data received during the survey.
 The results of the survey showed that social and professional motives for obtaining education, along with an orientation toward self-development, became the most significant for future pharmacists. It is found out that freshmen have inherent characteristics of creative confidence both in relation to the future profession and in relation to studying at the university. It was revealed that the Internet site takes the first place among the main channels for obtaining information about the NUPh and a specialty, but a significant potential is determined in the provision of information by college teachers, although this channel was not actively used by first-year students. It can be argued that the scientific and pedagogical staff of the university are dealing with students who positively perceive modernity and innovation. On the basis of data analysis, a portrait of a freshman from the NUPh was compiled.

ВИВЧЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ВАГОВИХ КОЕФІЦІЄНТІВ НА ПРОГНОСТИЧНУ ВАЛІДНІСТЬ КОНКУРСНОГО БАЛА ВСТУПНИКІВ ГАЛУЗІ ЗНАНЬ «ОХОРОНА ЗДОРОВ’Я»

Мета роботи. Вивчення впливу вагових коефіцієнтів на прогностичну валідність конкурсного бала шляхом математичного обґрунтування оптимальних значень, що забезпечують максимальну валідність конкурсного відбору.Матеріали і методи. Проведено дослідження успішності здобувачів вищої освіти першого курсу денної форми навчання за спеціальністю 226 «Фармація».Оцінку сили лінійного взаємозв’язку між конкурсним балом (та його складовими) і показниками поточної успішності здобувачів вищої освіти проводили за допомогою розрахунку коефіцієнта кореляції за Пірсоном. Статистичну обробку проведено з використанням Microsoft Excel.Результати й обговорення. У статті розглянуто можливість і допустимість використання результатів ЗНО для виявлення вступників, які зможуть успішно продовжити навчання у вищій школі. Запропоновано математично обґрунтовані рекомендації щодо підвищення якості конкурсного відбору для виявлення вступників та їх потенціалу для вивчення. Рекомендації основані на статистичному аналізі даних про успішність здобувачів вищої освіти першого курсу навчання спеціальності 226 «Фармація» галузі знань «Охорона здоров’я», що вступили до Національного фармацевтичного університету (НФаУ) у 2015 році, в зіставленні з конкурсним балом. Доведено, що цілеспрямовано змінюючи вагові коефіцієнти, які використовуються при розрахунку конкурсного бала, ВНЗ може позитивно впливати на якісний склад здобувачів вищої освіти. Отримано значення вагових коефіцієнтів, при яких досягається максимальна валідність конкурсного відбору.Висновки. За результатами дослідження встановлено силу кореляційного зв’язку між конкурсним балом вступника та поточною успішністю здобувача вищої освіти під час першого та другого семестрів навчання.

RESEARCH OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ANTHELMINTHIC MIXTURE FOR NEMATODOSIS TREATMENT

Parasitic infections are one of the most acute problems of the modern society as this group of diseases is met in all countries of the world. According to the World Health Organization around 1.2 billion people are infected with diverse parasitic infections each year. Helminthiases of digestive system, primarily nematodosis, constitute a group of special risk, since a particularly sensitive audience for them are children of younger and middle age. Phytotherapy, which is based on the centuries-old experience of folk medicine, promises to be a solution to this problem, enabling to create effective complex medicines for nematodosis prevention and treatment. Thus, the herbal mixture was prepared on the basis of the offered composition of medicinal plant raw material. The research of antimicrobial activity of the studied herbal mixture was conducted in vitro by the method of diffusion into agar at the Biotechnology Department of the National Pharmaceutical University under the direction of Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, prof. Strelets O.P. The obtained results of the carried out research of the antimicrobial properties of the herbal mixture samples allowed examining the level of antimicrobial activity. The further research of the investigated herbal mixture and the offered phytocomposition is promising for creation of new effective medicines with the complex action including anthelminthic (specific to nematodes), antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiseptic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, laxative, antiallergic, antispasmodic, analgesic, sedative activities

РОЗРОБКА СКЛАДУ ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ КАПСУЛЬОВАНОГО ЛІКАРСЬКОГО ПРЕПАРАТУ НА ОСНОВІ ПЕРГИ ТА МЕДУ ПОРОШКОПОДІБНОГО

У статті наведено результати проведених експериментальних досліджень із вивчення органолептичних та фізико-хімічних показників якості перги та стандартизованої субстанції меду порошкоподібного, що входять до складу досліджуваного лікарського препарату «Апі-Імуно-Віт» імуномодулюючої дії, а також встановлено показники безпеки досліджуваних активних фармацевтичних інгредієнтів (АФі) відповідно до вимог національних та міждержавних стандартів та визначено вміст токсичних елементів, пестицидів, радіонуклідів і антибіотиків в експериментальних зразках.

ПСИХОТРОПНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ПОТЕНЦІЙНОГО АНТИКОНВУЛЬСАНТА 1-(4-МЕТОКСИФЕНІЛ)-5-{2-[4-(4-МЕТОКСИФЕНІЛ)ПІПЕРАЗИН-1-ІЛ]-2-ОКСОЕТИЛ}- 1,5-ДИГІДРО-4H-ПІРАЗОЛО[3,4-D]ПІРИДИН-4-ОНУ

Вивчено психотропні властивості та взаємодію з речовинами пригнічувального типу нового похідного піримідину - 1-(4-метоксифеніл)-5-{2-[4-(4-метокси-феніл)піперазин-1-іл]-2-оксоетил}-1,5-дигідро-4Н-піразоло [3,4- D]піридин-4-ону в дозі 200 мг/кг, який в попередніх дослідженнях виявив протисудомну дію на рівні вальпроату натрію (300 мг/кг). Встановлено, що сполука чинить виразну седативну дію, виявляє антиамнестичні властивості та слабкий анксіолітичний ефект. Крім того, досліджувана сполука не впливає на депресивну поведінку, не чинить негативного впливу на тонус скелетних м'язів та координацію рухів, а також не потенціює депримуючий вплив етанолу.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В КОНТЕКСТІ СВІТОВИХ РЕЙТИНГІВ ВИЩИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ

Theoretical and methodological approaches to the evaluation of the quality of higher education WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF the world's higher education institutions rating S А. V. Kaydalovа, О. V. Posylkina National pharmaceutical University,Kharkov Summary : In the article we have reviewed the world rankings of the higher education institutions; principles and methodology of ratings, their key indicators, the indices of ranking the higher education institutions and their role in assessing the quality of education. Keywords : quality of education, world rankings of the higher education institutions, indicating indices in determining ratings, criteria for evaluation of the quality level. Іntroduction. The question of the participation of local educational institutions, including medical and pharmaceutical ones, in the world rankings is regarded as a serious problem during the recent years, which is widely discussed inUkraine. At the present stage of development of the higher education the ratings of HEI turn to be seen not only as a means of competitiveness, but also as instruments of assurance of the higher educational quality. To form the national system of ranking of the universities, including medical and pharmaceutical profile, it is important to analyze the international experience of building different ratings. In the system of providing and evaluating the quality of education, the internal and external monitoring of the university plays an important role. If the internal monitoring - is an assessment by the university of its own activity, the external monitoring - is an assessment of the quality of education by the state, society and the educational environment. The aim of this publication is to analyze the methodology of forming global university rankings of the universities, formulation of guidelines and indicators of ranking, the study of the specificity of the external evaluation of the quality of education to strengthen the international domestic medical and pharmaceutical universities that train future specialists in the pharmaceutical field. Results and discussion. Analysis of foreign experience has highlighted that the processes of formation, development and improvement of the world educational systems have been developing in different ways at the international level. In scientific sources it is noted that the European system of the quality of education is based on the standards and recommendations, the principles of which are: the interest of students and employers in the quality of education, autonomy of institutions, internal and external quality of assurance of educational services [3, 5, 11]. It should be noted that the history of the world university ranking was absent up to the eighties. This was due to the lack of competition, both in domestic and foreign educational space. The first step in conducting the external evaluation of the university was the publication by the magazine US News & World Report in 1983 the first in the world ranking of universities, which launched the process of globalization of the higher education. The main purpose of this rating was to provide applicants with information. In aspects of the studing problem it has been found out that for the time being there are more than 50 national and over 10 international ratings for the evaluation of universities [1, 8]. The aim of international ratings is to determine the best universities in the world and evaluation of their activities, but each rating involves the use of its own indices to determine the competitive potential in the universities. During our research we have analyzed the most famous and internationally recognized the global systems of monitoring and ranking of universities and compiled a chronology of the world rankings and summarized their main quantitative characteristics. According to the analysis of the official sources [12-25] it has been found out that the world university rankings have both general trends and significant differences. Common principles of ratings are the following ones: consideration of different indicators with their further grouping due to the validity coefficients, which are determined in each rating individually and also principles of ranking of universities without taking into account their scientific and educational activities. Сonclusions The results of the research methodology and the formation of the international ratings of higher educational institutions showed, first of all, the multiplicity of approaches to assessing the quality of education, variety of criteria for assessing the quality of education, lack of scientifically validated studies of indicators ranking. To ensure quality at the national level and the University level, including pharmaceutical and medical profile, the formation of certain ratings to assess the activities of domestic universities, which requires further research methodology of domestic and national rankings of various countries based on the experience of the world rankings and the use of the most important indicators in the construction of the system of internal monitoring of the activities of the university.

ВИВЧЕННЯ ПРОТИВІРУСНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ТАБЛЕТОК АЛЬТАБОР

<p><strong>STUDY OF ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF TABLETS ALTABOR </strong></p><p><strong>S.L. Rybalko<sup>1</sup>, </strong><strong>Т</strong><strong>.V. </strong><strong>К</strong><strong>rutskikh<sup>2</sup>, </strong><strong>А</strong><strong>.S. Shalamay<sup>3</sup></strong></p><p><sup>1</sup>L.V.Gromashevsky Institute of epidemiology and infectious diseases Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Kyiv</p><p><sup>2</sup>National Pharmaceutical University, Kharkiv</p><p><sup>3</sup>JSC SIC "Borshchahivka CPP", Kyiv</p><p><strong>Summary:</strong> studied antiviral activity of tablets Altabor. Determined that the drug has antiviral activity and inhibits the reproduction of Epstein-Barr virus.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> altabor, antiviral activity, influenza, Epstein-Barr virus.</p><p><strong>Introduction.</strong> Among all infectious diseases flu and SARS took first place in frequency and the number of cases in the world and account for 95%. According to WHO influenza and flu-like illness in the world is sick 5 - 30 % of the population is 500 million people. For 400 years the world's recorded over 100 epidemics of influenza pandemics and 18, which bring it with them tens of millions of lives. Today, global losses from influenza epidemics is much inferior to the scale of past pandemics due to the possibilities of modern diagnosis of the virus , the availability of antiviral and antibacterial drugs and improving health services. But the problem of treatment of disease really matter remains relevant.</p><p>Against the background of acute viral infections of herpes viruses can be said not, but no less threatening. Herpes was first fixed in a thousand years BC, but the problem that attracts attention, was only in the 20th century after the emergence of HIV. Today open 80 more members of the family of herpes viruses, of which 8 types pathogenic to man. One of the pathogenic types are Epstein-Barr virus, which, according to research antibodies detected in 95% of the population. At this time this virus play an important role in the formation of cancer cells in the body that causes the need for increasing attention from the medical and pharmaceutical community.</p><p>Create antiviral agents is one of the most difficult tasks chemotherapy infections. The reason is that viruses containing RNA and DNA components are obligate intracellular parasites. In the process of viral replication is mainly used machine biosynthesis microorganism cells, modifying its outstanding manner. In this regard, it is very difficult to find selective operating means which would killed viruses without damaging the cells are "master". However, in recent years, certain antiviral drugs that possess outstanding selective action against the infected cells and suppress the virus replicative cycle. One of these drugs is original domestic product - Altabor tablets.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> Antiviral activity of Altabor tablets studied in models in vitro. To determine influenza activity using dog kidney cell culture .The influence of tablets Altabor on virus Epstein-Barr conducted in the system Raji cells infected with the said virus.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion</strong>. Altabor tablets influenza activity based on the inhibition of viral neuraminidase, an enzyme responsible for viral virion ability to penetrate the host cell and leave it after reproduction. Analyzing these data, it should be noted that tablets Altabor actively inhibit the reproduction of the influenza virus in doses from 100 mg/ml to 6.75 ug/ml 7.5-3.0 lg ID50, which indicates a strong flu drug activity. As for the study of the effect of tablets on Altabor Epstein-Barr virus, the maximum tolerated concentration was 750 mg/ml. Determined that the minimum active concentration for the drug was 0.1 mg/ml. Based on the value of the minimum and maximum tolerated concentration of active therapeutic index of tablets Altabor established at 5000, indicating a pronounced effects on reproduction of the virus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> Result of studies on the antiviral activity of tablets Altabor found that the preparation has flu activity. Also, the drug inhibits the reproduction of Epstein-Barr virus, as evidenced therapeutic index of tablets Altabor set at 5000.</p>

ВИВЧЕННЯ ПРОТИГЕРПЕТИЧНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ТАБЛЕТОК АЛЬТАБОР

<p><strong>STUDY OF ANTIHERPETIC ACTIVITY OF TABLETS ALTABOR </strong></p><p><strong>Т.V. Кrutskikh<sup>1</sup>, N.V. Nesterova<sup>2</sup>, S.D Zagorodnya<sup>2</sup> </strong></p><p><sup>1</sup>National Pharmaceutical University, Kharkiv</p><p> <sup>2</sup>Institute of Microbiology and Virology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine</p><p><strong>Summary:</strong> studied antiviral activity of tablets Altabor. Determined that the drug has antiherpetic activity as therapeutic and prophylactic use of schemes.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>altabor, antiherpetic activity, herpes, tablets.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Introduction.</strong> Common classification of acute and recurrent herpes human diseases currently still pending. This is due to the fact that while patients with this disease are not treated to a specialist, and the doctors of different specialties - depending on the localization of acute and recurrent processes, resulting in clinical practice herpes virus disease diagnosis is "topical" in nature, etiology the disease is ignored and software etiopathogenetic treatment is performed. Today herpes infection is attracting more attention as the medical and non-medical circles of society. This is due to the fact that cold sores, known since ancient times as small and insignificant spread of disease, recently greatly expanded its importance in human pathology. Increased interest in herpes infection is also due to several other reasons and advance all that has now spread to different parts of the world, strikes to 95% of the population, and the virus is capable of causing damage almost all the organs and systems of the human body and cause various forms of infection - acute, latent and chronic recurrent. Clinically herpes occurs as diverse, complex and often severe disease with lesions of many organs and tissues, which can be considered as a general systemic disease organism.</p><p>Modern medicine has therapies that allow to eliminate the herpes simplex virus from the human body. Until recently, treatment was generally symptomatic herpes. Prescribed remedies that dried, to anesthetize, cooled and prevented infection lesions other microorganisms. Tried to apply and antivirals (ointment oksolin, tebrofen), but the effectiveness of most antiviral agents left much to be desired. Today treat herpes infections is complex and characterized by low efficiency. Therefore, therapies aimed at preventing the development or restoration of disorders that cause activation of the herpes virus in the body. At this time there are two main directions in the treatment of herpes, it is, first, the use of etiopathogenetic antiviral therapy, the main place in which to play acyclic nucleoside - acyclovir (Zovirax, acyclovir-acre), valaciclovir (Valtrex) and famciclovir (famvir) and Secondly, a comprehensive treatment that includes immunotherapy (specific and nonspecific) in combination with antiviral therapy.</p><p>Number of drugs for the treatment of herpetic lesions is limited because of new original products is appropriate and timely. One of these drugs is original domestic product - Altabor tablets that are based on Altabor substance that has antiherpetic and erferonogenie action.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> Antiherpetic activity of Altabor tablets studied in models in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion</strong>. To study antiherpetic tablets altabor activity in vitro using rabbit kidney cell culture infected with the herpes virus type 1. The results demonstrated that both in medical and in prevention of various concentrations of tablets altabor (from 100 to 6.2 mcg/ml) was observed expressed antiherpetic activity. If preventive action tablets altabor minimum active concentration was 6.2 mg/ml, for therapeutic action - 3.1 mg/ml.</p><p>Antiherpetic activity of altabor tablets studied in vivo against the herpes simplex virus 1 model herpes virus meningoencephalitis in white outbred mice. As the reference product used "Viroleks» KRKA (Slovenia). Based on these data concluded that the tablets have expressed altabor preventive effect at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg per os, better protect mice from herpes meningoencephalitis than drug Viroleks. Also, based on certain performance index (IE=60) can assert pronounced therapeutic activity of altabor tablets, which are much more efficient than Viroleks.</p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> Results of the studies on the antiviral activity of tablets Altabor found that the drug shows pronounced antiherpetic activity as a therapeutic and prophylactic regimens application. If preventive action tablets altabor minimum active concentration was 6.2 mg/ml, the therapeutic action - 3.1 mg/ml. At a dose of 0.5 mg/kg per os altabor more effectively protects mice from herpes meningoencephalitis than drug Viroleks, 2 times better at prevention and 1.5 times in the application of medical schemes.

АНАЛІЗ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ПАТЕНТНО-ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ ПРИ СТВОРЕННІ ОРФАННИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ

<p><strong>ANALYSIS</strong><strong> SPECIAL ASPECTS OF PATENT-INNOVATIVE STRATEGY FOR ORPHAN DRUG CREATION</strong><strong> </strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong>E.V. Litvinova </strong></p><p>National pharmaceutical university, Kharkov</p><h1>Summary: It was analyzed issues related to the creation, funding, use of orphan drugs and their cost. It was characterized legal norms of foreign regulators to develop drugs for treatment rare diseases. It was demonstrated that the state support, patents and exclusivity of clinical trials are the main approaches to the provision of incentives for innovative biopharmaceutical research and development in the field of orphan drugs. It has established the algorithm of patent innovation strategy for orphan drug creating.</h1><h1>Keywords: orphan drugs, patent, innovation, exclusivity, intellectual resources.</h1><p><strong>Introduction.</strong> Currently, the problem of identifying orphan diseases and their treatment is acute and complex issue for most countries, including the Ukraine. It should be noted the lack of information on the prevalence of these diseases, diagnostics limitations, lack of medicines or their high cost. There is the question to pharmaceutical companies that orphan drugs are used by a small number of patients and as a result their production is unprofitable. But according to the report «Orphan Drug Report 2014», share of orphan drugs in total sales of prescription drugs (excluding generics) by 2020 will make up 19.1% (about $176 billion), while the average growth in the period 2014-2020 in monetary terms will reaching amount to 10.5%.</p><p>The aim of the work is analysis of patent-innovation strategy of orphan drugs creating.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> Studies were conducted using a database on the Internet: Ukrainian patent office, patent office of the Russian Federation, the European patent office, the US patent office, the Food and drug administration, European Medicines Agency (EMEA), State enterprise “The State Expert Center” of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion</strong>. It was analyzed issues related to the creation, funding, use of orphan drugs and their cost. It was characterized legal norms of foreign regulators to develop drugs for treatment rare diseases.</p><p>Innovation processes regulation abroad to encourage orphan drugs creating has allowed increasing their accessibility and efficiency in Europe, the US, Japan and others.</p><p>Ukrainian legal framework has adopted the accelerated and simplified registration procedure of orphan drugs that meets European requirements. The above will increase the number of registered foreign drugs for the treatment of rare diseases in Ukraine. However, the cost of treatment is inaccessible for patients they need state support.</p><p>Orphan drugs creating is the most high-tech industry of pharmacy, which is actively developing. It requires good governance of intellectual resources and the availability of an effective system of patent protection. The main objects for orphan drug patenting are active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), pharmaceutical composition, methods of obtaining APIs or pharmaceutical compositions, methods of treatment. Patent and innovative strategy for orphan drug creating includes: patent portfolio formation for their development in some countries, using of exclusivity regime, state support in conducting their research.</p><p>It has established the algorithm of patent innovation strategy for orphan drug creating taking into account public and private support of innovative model development of pharmaceutical industry, special aspects of intellectual property policy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> Therefore, state support, patents and exclusivity of clinical trials are the main approaches to the provision of incentives for innovative biopharmaceutical research and development in the field of orphan drugs.</p>