National People's Congress Research Articles

New urbanization; Urban resilience; Coupled coordination model; Huaihe River Basin

Contemporary China's pension system revolves around the allocation and acquisition of pension resources, relying on the enforcement of political power as a guarantee, and is closely integrated with the formulation of laws to form a normative system. This system is composed of a variety of specific systems, and the sub-systems are interconnected and complementary in function, forming a comprehensive pension security network. In the process of promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, the pension field needs to achieve a benign governance model, which requires a complete pension system as a support. Under the framework of the existing political system and constitutional system, the basic governance logic remains unchanged. To further promote the development of the pension system, the key lies in optimizing the pension legal system and establishing an effective coordination mechanism between laws and systems. Specifically, it is necessary to start from the following aspects: first, reconstruct the pension legal system with a coordinated and development approach, enhance the fairness of the pension legal system on the basis of objectively analyzing the social situation, and ensure the sustainability of social pension security; second, optimize the pension legal system from the perspective of national strategic layout, including improving the form of family pension responsibility and accelerating the legalization of social pension security; finally, strengthen the development of pension laws by giving full play to the leading role of the National People's Congress in legislation and improving the review mechanism of administrative normative documents. Only in this way can we form a modern system to deal with the issue of elderly care under the increasingly severe aging situation.

The Second Session of the 14th National People's Congress: Outcomes of China's Legislative Development in 2023

The regular (second) session of the 14th National People's Congress (NPC), held in March 2024, summarized the key outcomes of China's socio-economic and legislative development in the second year following the 20th CPC National Congress (October 2022). According to established tradition, the third plenum of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC should have been held on the eve of the parliamentary session, with its decisions typically focusing on the country's economic development. In turn, the decisions of the NPC are based on the work of the plenum, often taking the form of laws. However, in 2024, although the plenum did not take place, the NPC session proceeded as scheduled, with no changes to its working agenda. In the report of the State Council’s Premier, it was noted that China's GDP growth reached 5.2 %, one of the highest figures among both developing and developed countries. In the legislative sphere, in 2023, the Chinese parliament, represented by the Standing Committee of the NPC, passed a number of important laws for the country's legal system, and several existing laws were amended. Of particular note are the Law on Foreign Relations, which outlines the key principles of China's foreign policy, and the Law on the Immunity of Foreign States, which replaced the previously existing principle of "absolute immunity" with "limited immunity." In the fight against corruption, significant changes were made through the 12th amendments to the Criminal Law of the PRC. Additionally, legislative decisions focused on developing a mechanism to counter growing challenges and threats to Chinese statehood, finding adequate responses to sanction policies, implementing measures to create a stable financial and banking system, and strengthening the military amid rising tensions in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea.

Study on the Legislative Authority Allocation between China’s Central and Local Authorities

China has a unitary state system, dominated by the legislative power of the National People’s Congress (NPC). With the twice revisions of the Legislative Act of the People’s Republic of China, it is apparent that the delineation of legislative powers between governments at different levels has been more detailed. However, in practice, there still are some overlaps in the scope of China’s central and local legislative matters, a lack of clarity between the legislative authority of the local provincial People’s Congresses and their Standing Committees, and imperfections in the mechanism for resolving conflicts between local laws and administrative regulations, among other problems. This article mainly collects domestic and foreign representative literature by using the literature analysis method, historical research method, and comparative research method, to analyze the causes of the problems in the division of legislative competence of central-local authorities in China while considering the perspective of development and changes, and to propose practical solutions based on the history and the future development trend. Through research and analysis, this article points out some suggestions for the division of China’s legislative competence from three main aspects, based on the relationships between the NPC and the local People’s Congresses, the delimitation of the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee, and the relationship between departmental rules and local regulations.

Practice and Experience of Corps Colleges and Universities in the New Era of the Communist Party of China's Unity and Stabilisation of the Borderlands

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out when attending the Fifth Session of the 13th National People's Congress that "national unity is the lifeline of all ethnic groups in our country, and the sense of community of the Chinese nation is the basis of national unity". Based on this, this study takes the creation of national unity and progress in colleges and universities as the main line, selects the national national unity and progress in the creation of demonstration units - Shihezi University as the object of study, comprehensively applies the comprehensive social survey research methods such as literature research, participant observation, interviews, etc., sums up the specific practice of Shihezi University in practicing unity and stabilisation of Xinjiang, and puts forward targeted, comprehensive, and effective measures for the creation of Xinjiang's national unity and progress in Xinjiang. The study will summarise the concrete practice of Shihezi University, put forward targeted and exemplary opinions on the creation of national unity and progress, promote the implementation and development of the concept of "unity and stability" in the whole territory, and offer suggestions for the realisation of social stability and long-term peace and stability in Xinjiang.

Analysis of Translator Behavior from the Perspective of Intervention System Negation of Resource Change - Taking the Interpretation of the Foreign Ministers Press Conference at the First Session of the Fourteenth National Peoples Congress as an Example

Criticism of translator behavior expands the social perspective of translator behavior research. Based on the theory of evaluation of negation of resources in intervention system in systemic functional linguistics, this paper uses the Truth-Pragmatism continuous evaluation mode of translator behavior to study the translator behavior behind the change in evaluation significance of the interpretation of the Foreign Ministers press conference at the first session of the Fourteenth National Peoples Congress. The study found that translators possess the attribute of pragmatism and there exists a pragmatic social subject choice. The study aims to provide reference and guidance for the development of diplomatic interpretation.

China's Foreign State Immunity Law: A View from the United States

On September 1, 2023, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress promulgated the Foreign State Immunity Law (FSIL) of the People's Republic of China, which adopts the restrictive theory of foreign state immunity. This article has two goals. First, the article introduces China's FSIL to English language readers by explaining its provisions in some detail. Second, the article provides a U.S. perspective on the FSIL by comparing it to the U.S. Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) and discussing the U.S. experience with foreign state immunity.

The Foreign State Immunity Law of the People's Republic of China

On September 1, 2023, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress promulgated the Foreign State Immunity Law of the People's Republic of China (FSIL), which entered into force on January 1, 2024. The law abandons China's prior adherence to the absolute theory of state immunity and instead adopts the restrictive theory followed by most other countries. Under the restrictive theory, foreign states are immune from suits based on their governmental acts (acta jure imperii) but are subject to suits based on their non-governmental acts (acta jure gestionis).

Not just rubber-stamping: understanding the amending role of the Chinese legislature with bill text reuse

ABSTRACT Recent work challenging the “rubber stamp” view of authoritarian legislatures demonstrate that they are important arenas for policymaking. Yet their amending function remains understudied. To what extent is draft legislation modified in authoritarian parliaments? Why are some bills amended more than others? This article addresses these questions in the Chinese case, using a dataset covering 167 bills adopted by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee from 2008 to 2022. I assess the degree of bill change by comparing bill content before and after parliamentary treatment with a text reuse method. Results show a moderately high level of amendment activity, with noticeable variations across bills. I argue that the amending role of the Chinese legislature serves a crucial mechanism for integrating and coordinating bureaucratic interests. I find that bills are modified to a greater extent if more ministerial and provincial stakeholders are involved within the legislative arena. This article provides systemic evidence supporting the power-sharing theory: legislative institutions compensate for the executive-level deficiencies and help manage intra-elite relations in policymaking. It does not confirm the influence of public opinion, casting doubt on the bottom-up account of bill change.

Research on the System of Interpretation of the Basic Law of Hong Kong

The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (PRC) is implemented within the framework of the law rule, which is closely related to the Basic Law interpretation mechanism. It is stipulated in the Basic Law that the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) has the authority of interpretation, and the Standing Committee of the NPC authorizes Hong Kong (HK) courts to have the power of interpretation when trying cases. Under the "One Country, Two Systems" policy, the common law goes on to be adopted in HK according to the Basic Law provisions. Therefore, that Law combines the background of the socialist law mechanism with Chinese features as well as the common law mechanism. The interaction and coordination between the two is an important issue in its implementation. This paper provides an overview of HK Basic Law interpretation system, and provides an overall review of the five interpretations of the National People's Congress Standing Committee since the construction of HK Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). It analyzes differences in legal interpretation rules between the two regions, and explores the connection and coordination between the two interpretation mechanisms of the NPC Standing Committee and HK courts.

Investigating the Impact and New Opportunities of Policy on the Development of Agricultural Cooperatives in China

The 31st session of the 12th National People's Congress Standing Committee passed the revised "Law of the People's Republic of China on Farmers' Professional Cooperatives" which came into effect on July 1, 2018. This law has introduced a series of supportive policies to promote the standardization and optimization of the cooperative environment. It has positive implications for the agricultural development in various provinces. This paper takes the cooperative as a unit of analysis, and explores the development of agriculture from both macro and micro perspectives in an integrated manner.

Research on the Reasons and Impacts of The Implementation of The New Stamp Duty Law and Tax Rate Adjustment

On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adopted the Stamp Tax Law of the People's Republic of China, which was officially implemented on July 1, 2022. This is the first official legal document issued for stamp duty since the Provisional Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Stamp Duty issued by the State Council in 1988. The new stamp tax law redefines the stamp duty items, tax rates, tax bases, etc. on the premise of ensuring that the current tax system framework remains unchanged and the tax burden level is relatively stable. This article will analyze the impact of the reform of the new stamp tax law from the perspective of legislative thinking, market background, etc., and put forward suggestions on the direction of tax law reform based on this.

Analysis of the Impact and Prospects of the Street Stall Economy on Urban Development Taking Chengdu as an Example

The commerce of street stalls has existed since ancient times. The economy of street stalls has gradually migrated from the countryside to the cities and become more prosperous as the nation has developed. Currently, the stall economy provides new employment opportunities. Following the implementation of pertinent national policies, the safety of products sold at street stalls has significantly improved. The outbreak of the epidemic has had a negative impact on the economy of the country, and the street stall economy can help stabilize the economy, create more employment, and adapt better to the environment. As the first city in China to develop a street stall economy, Chengdu created the miracle of "driving 100,000 people to work overnight" and was praised by Premier Li Keqiang for its effectiveness in solving employment problems during the two sessions of the National People's Congress. However, in the process of developing a street stall economy, some urban governance issues still need to be addressed. This paper examines the development of Chengdu's ground-stall economy and its impact on urban development, as well as the future of the ground-stall economy's administration, through a review and analysis of the relevant literature.

Personal Backgrounds, Constituency Demands and Policy Issues Raised by Deputies of China's National People's Congress

Abstract: Research on China's legislators has seldom explained the types of policy issues raised by legislators and has rarely demonstrated the influence of constituencies. This article reveals that National People's Congress deputies whose personal backgrounds are closely associated with specific types of policy issues or whose constituencies have stronger demands regarding these issues usually submit more proposals pertaining to the issues. Furthermore, negative interactive effects exist between deputies' personal backgrounds as farmers or members of ethnic minorities and constituency demands corresponding to rural or ethnic minority issues on the relevant proposals that they raise. These findings further indicate how information is transmitted by China's legislators without a strong electoral connection.

On the Path Toward a New Formula of Power (First Session of the 14th National People's Congress)

On the Path Toward a New Formula of Power (First Session of the 14th National People's Congress)

Recommendations for the Improvement of China's Counter-sanctions Legal System under the Guidance of the Anti-foreign Sanctions Act

In recent years, the United States has regarded China as its most important strategic competitor in the future, and has illegally interfered in China's internal affairs in the political, economic and trade, scientific and technological fields, in blatant violation of the basic principles of international law, and has frequently abused undue unilateral sanctions against party and government organs, multinational enterprises, scientific research institutes and other institutions within China's borders, to the serious detriment of China's national interests, as well as the interests of the relevant organizations and individuals. For this reason, the National People's Congress has enacted and promulgated the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, which adopts "defensive" and lawful countermeasures at the legislative level against unilateral sanctions against foreign countries for their violent interference in China's internal affairs, fully utilizes international law as a means to safeguard China's national security and interests, and protects the lawful rights and interests of enterprises and individuals going to the sea, and also links up with other laws and regulations on anti-sanctions that have already been issued in the field of anti-sanctions. Starting from the legal normative documents in the field of counter-sanctions, such as departmental regulations, and combining them with the actual economic development of China, we will find effective legal countermeasures and suggestions for solving the worsening unilateral sanction dilemma faced by China, and establishing a counter-sanctions implementation mechanism with clearly defined powers and responsibilities, a sound system, and precise law enforcement.

Exploration of Intelligent Coaching Systems: The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Basketball Training

Basketball was invented in 1891 by James Naismith, a professor of physical education in Springfield, Massachusetts. It has a history of 130 years and is one of the most popular sports in the world. In the United States, the number of people who have played basketball at least once in a year in 2021-2021 will exceed 27 million people per year. The International Federation of Basketball Associations estimates that at least 450 million people around the world participate in this sport. In my country, the general basketball population in China is 125 million, accounting for about 1/4 of the total global basketball population, and the core basketball population is 76.1 million. It can be seen that basketball Sports are very popular in our country. The National Basketball Association (NBA) game is recognized as the highest level of professional basketball in the world. From 2001 to 2022, the total revenue of the NBA league will reach 10.02 billion US dollars. In recent years, many new technologies have been applied to basketball training and competitions. The "14th Five-Year Plan for Sports Development" issued by the State Sports General Administration in October 2021 clearly stated that information technology is widely used in the field of sports. The 14th Yao Ming, deputy to the 1st National People's Congress and chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association, said that Chinese basketball should take the "digital road". The digitalization of artificial intelligence is of great importance to improving the technical level of athletes, reducing sports injuries, enhancing game enjoyment, attracting fans, and promoting the development of basketball-related industries. significance. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that enables computers to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that automatically improves the performance of computing programs by learning patterns in data and has been successfully applied in various fields. The advantage of artificial intelligence is that it can quickly analyze and process massive data, and data analysis methods are continuously improved, enabling users to obtain important information that is difficult to obtain by manual methods. It is without a doubt one of the most promising technologies for the future of humanity, and its benefits are extending to the world of sports. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the application of artificial intelligence in the field of basketball.

Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Three-child Policy and Its Impact Forecast

In response to the aging population, China has proposed a new family planning policy, the "three-child policy." On May 31, 2021, the Decision on Optimizing the Fertility Policy to Promote Long-term Balanced Population Development pointed out that China's fertility policy should be further optimized, which included that a couple can have three children. On July 20th, 2021, the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Optimizing the Fertility Policy to Promote Long-term Balanced Population Development was announced. On July 21, the "Notice of the Office of the National Medical and Social Security Bureau on Doing a Good Job in Supporting the three-Child Policy and Maternity Insurance was announced. On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed a decision on the revision of the Population and Family Planning Law. The revised law advocates marriage of the right age, good prenatal and postnatal care, and that a couple can have three children. However, it is a great challenge to women, so whether this policy can be effectively improved and implemented will depend on the current social and political development situation. This paper will analyze the "three-child policy" from both advantages and disadvantages to predict its impact. This is beneficial because it can reduce the aging of the population and promote social and economic development. The disadvantages are the harm to women, physical influence, psychological pressure and social tolerance towards women, and whether the company will reject female employees.

The Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Agricultural Investment in Anhui Province

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy and people's livelihood, and also a potential economic growth point. Agriculture is a basic industry, and its production involves the Secondary sector of the economy and Tertiary sector of the economy, which plays a very strong role in driving the economy. The report of the 20th National People's Congress of the CPC points out that we need to build a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and the most arduous and arduous task is still in the countryside. Adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, adhere to the integration of urban and rural development, and facilitate the flow of urban and rural factors. Accelerate the construction of an agricultural power and solidly promote the revitalization of rural industries, talents, culture, ecology, and organizations. Anhui is located in the north and south species gathering area, and its ecological environment and agricultural resources are very rich, which provides a good material basis for the development of Anhui agriculture. However, there are still some significant issues with agricultural investment in Anhui, such as the reduction of agricultural assets and the low efficiency of agricultural investment, which to some extent limit the sustainable and healthy development of agriculture in Anhui. Therefore, this article mainly analyzes the environment, current situation, problems and obstacles of agricultural investment in Anhui, and proposes corresponding suggestions based on current policies to promote the development of agriculture in Anhui.

Content Analysis of Chinese National Laws and Regulations on Emergencies from the Perspective of Disaster Nursing on the Basis of Crisis Life Cycle Theory

To analyze Chinese national laws and regulations on emergencies from the perspective of nursing and on the basis of the crisis life cycle theory, to discuss the weaknesses in laws and regulations concerning emergencies, and to provide evidence for the definition of the scope of disaster nursing practice in China. We selected emergency laws and regulations promulgated by the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee and the State Council as the subject matter of the study, constructing the analysis framework on the basis of the core competence of disaster nursing and crisis life cycle theory. Then, the 16 laws and regulations included in the study were analyzed with NVivo 12 software by the content analysis method. A total of 6 laws and regulations concerning earthquakes, 3 concerning infectious diseases, 2 concerning fire, 2 concerning food poisoning, 2 concerning emergencies, and 1 concerning flood were selected. A total of 24 food poisoning-related codes, 23 infectious disease codes, 22 emergency event codes, 22 earthquake codes, 21 fire codes, and 16 flood codes were obtained. In the key links of emergency preparedness, early prevention had the highest number of reference points, whereas collaborative response had the lowest number of reference points. In the key processes of emergency preparedness, aftermath management had the highest number of reference points, whereas social services and continuous operation had the lowest numbers of reference points. Laws and regulations concerning emergencies are generally formulated on the basis of certain historical experience, with collaborative response, social services, and continuous operation being the weak links and processes. In the process of disaster nursing practice, we should effectively make up for the weaknesses in laws and regulations concerning emergencies by utilizing the positive aspects and the essence of the discipline.

중국 반독점법 2022년 개정법의 실체법적 개정사항

On June 24, 2022, at the 35th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress, the amendment to the Anti-monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China was passed. It was decided to go into effect on August 1st. This is the first amendment to China's Anti-monopoly Law since its implementation in 2008. A new purpose was proposed in maintaining an orderly market system. This amendment adds innovation encouragement to the legislative purpose of the Anti-monopoly Law, in line with Xi Jinping's leadership's keynote on state affairs, which has emphasized technological innovation. It is specified in this law that it is responsible. In the 2018 central organizational reorganization, the newly established State Administration for Market Regulation, the Anti-monopoly Bureau, which was in charge of anti-monopoly work that had been distributed among the Ministry of Commerce, Development and Development, and the General Administration of Industry and Trade, was separated into a vice-ministerial level organization and upgraded to the State Anti-monopoly Bureau. The amendment bans monopoly, exclusion, and competition restrictions that abuse administrative power, and strengthens the level of punishment, such as significantly increasing the level of fines and linking antitrust penalties with credit records. Clarify the criteria for screening and classifying managers to strengthen screening of managers related to the national economy and livelihood, while introducing a safe harbor rule to exclude managers from sanctions if they prove that their market share is lower than the anti-monopoly standards made with In addition, managers who provide “substantial help” in concluding and implementing monopoly agreements are also subject to sanctions. The amendment is a review of China's anti-monopoly law enforcement over the past 10 years during the deliberation of the revision of the Chinese anti-monopoly law, and can be seen as a summary of legal practice experience. This is a demand inherent in the development of China's socialist market economy, and can help meet the objective demand of the new development pattern. It is conducive to introducing Chinese anti-monopoly law supervision and strengthening anti-monopoly law enforcement, which will be scientifically and objectively conducive.