National Leaders Research Articles

Nursing department directors' perspectives on leadership training programme: A descriptive qualitative study

BackgroundLeadership training is crucial for nurses to navigate changes, but research on nursing department directors' views of such programmes is limited. AimTo explore the perspectives and experiences of nursing department directors regarding a national leadership training programme for mid-level nurse managers. DesignDescriptive Qualitative Study. SettingsA national nurses association in Taiwan. ParticipantsA purposive sample of 11 nursing department directors who recommended mid-level nurse managers for the programme. MethodsEleven individual face-to-face interviews were conducted and analysed thematically between November 2022 and April 2023. ResultsThree themes and eight subthemes emerged, including directors' strategies for identifying potential successors, providing coaching and guidance, and observing changes in trainees. Directors reported the programme broadened perspectives, fostered responsibility, and enhanced leadership skills in mid-level managers. ConclusionsThe engagement of nursing department directors and their adoption of a coaching style, such as fostering a growth mindset, were instrumental in the programme's success.

Women Empowerment in India

Women's empowerment is a contentious issue. Women enjoyed equal status and power to men throughout the earlier Stone Age period. However, during the post-Vedic and epic times, they began to have certain challenges. History demonstrates that women were frequently treated like slaves. The standing of women has been progressively shifting from the early 20th century (national movement), and the British people are to thank for this. It is only after the Independence of India, under the able leadership of Dr. Ambedkhar , the constitutional makers and national leaders started strongly demanding and also reiterating the equal social position of women with men. it is good to learn that a few number of women have been able to establish their potentialities. Therefore, this paper suggests that each and every human being should be careful in taking steps to promote the statuses of women and respect their dignity

Analisis Isi Konten Instagram @Prabowo dalam Membangun Citra pada Pemilihan Presiden 2024

This research aims to examine how the Instagram account @prabowo developed a strong character during the presidential era using character theory. A qualitative approach involving content analysis was used to evaluate the textual and visual elements in the analyzed Instagram posts. The findings of this study indicate that the main theme of the content is "strong leadership", which is conveyed through graphic and textual components. Textual elements, such as captions, highlight Prabowo's dedication to important issues such as national development and preventing corruption. The depiction of leadership integrity is achieved through the use of firm words and expressions. Analysis of visual elements shows that the use of beige and dark brown helps convey stability and trust. Prabowo is depicted as a patriotic leader who is close to the people, shown through backgrounds that display interactions with society and national symbols. Her confident and assertive demeanor, as well as her professional yet approachable demeanor, reduces feelings of peer pressure. Effective communication strategies involve emphasizing individuality, engagement with the community, incorporation of national symbols, and the use of striking imagery. This approach succeeds in building a strong and trustworthy image. This study highlights the important role of social media in political campaigns and the need for consistent textual and visual elements to convey key messages effectively. These findings are useful for social media practice, political campaign strategy, and political communication research.

Comparing Analytical Methods for Composite End Points in Clinical Trials: Insights from the Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Trial

In VICTORIA (Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction), participants with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction, vericiguat decreased the primary composite outcome (time to first HF hospitalization [HFH] or cardiovascular death [CVD]) (897 events) compared with placebo (972 events) (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.98; P = .02). In this prespecified secondary analysis, we applied the weighted composite end point (WCE) and the win ratio (WR) methods to provide complementary assessments of treatment effect. The WCE method estimated the mean HFH-adjusted survival based on prespecified weights from a Delphi panel of the VICTORIA executive committee and national leaders: mild (weight per event, 0.39), moderate (0.5), or severe (0.67) HFH, and CVD (1.0). The unmatched WR was estimated for the descending hierarchy of CVD, then recurrent HFH. The WCE used all 3412 primary clinical events: 875 severe HFH (vericiguat, 416/ placebo, 459), 1614 moderate HFH (767/847), 68 mild HFH (38/30), and 855 CVD (414/441). Improved HFH-adjusted survival occurred with vericiguat (mean 78.2% vs 75.6%, difference 2.4%, 95% CI, 1.7%-3.2%, P < .0001). Based on a comparison of 6,375,624 pairs, the WR of 1.13 (95% CI 1.03-1.24, P = .01) also indicated improved clinical outcomes with vericiguat. The results of the WCE and WR methods were consistent with the primary analysis of the time to first HFH or CVD. Although both WCE and WR assessed recurrent events, the WCE allowed inclusion of all recurrent events, insights on the severity of HFH events, and an absolute measure of the participant-treatment experience. This approach complements conventional assessment, better informing consumers of new therapeutics and future trial designs.

National Leadership Grants for Museums (IMLS)

National Leadership Grants for Museums (IMLS)

Implementation and Impact of Intimate Partner Violence Screening Expansion in the Veterans Health Administration: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Evaluation.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem with far-reaching consequences. The health care system plays an integral role in the detection of and response to IPV. Historically, the majority of IPV screening initiatives have targeted women of reproductive age, with little known about men's IPV screening experiences or the impact of screening on men's health care. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has called for an expansion of IPV screening, providing a unique opportunity for a large-scale evaluation of IPV screening and response across all patient populations. In this protocol paper, we describe the recently funded Partnered Evaluation of Relationship Health Innovations and Services through Mixed Methods (PRISM) initiative, aiming to evaluate the implementation and impact of the VHA's IPV screening and response expansion, with a particular focus on identifying potential gender differences. The PRISM Initiative is guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR 2.0) frameworks. We will use mixed methods data from 139 VHA facilities to evaluate the IPV screening expansion, including electronic health record data and qualitative interviews with patients, clinicians, and national IPV program leadership. Quantitative data will be analyzed using a longitudinal observational design with repeated measurement periods at baseline (T0), year 1 (T1), and year 2 (T2). Qualitative interviews will focus on identifying multilevel factors, including potential implementation barriers and facilitators critical to IPV screening and response expansion, and examining the impact of screening on patients and clinicians. The PRISM initiative was funded in October 2023. We have developed the qualitative interview guides, obtained institutional review board approval, extracted quantitative data for baseline analyses, and began recruitment for qualitative interviews. Reports of progress and results will be made available to evaluation partners and funders through quarterly and end-of-year reports. All data collection and analyses across time points are expected to be completed in June 2026. Findings from this mixed methods evaluation will provide a comprehensive understanding of IPV screening expansion at the VHA, including the implementation and impact of screening and the scope of IPV detected in the VHA patient population. Moreover, data generated by this initiative have critical policy and clinical practice implications in a national health care system. PRR1-10.2196/59918.

An Overview on the Philosophy and Educational thoughts of Dr. Zakir Hussain

As an exceptional educator and a selfless nationalist leader, Dr. Zakir Husain has earned a stellar reputation. His contributions to Indian education are now considered seminal. He came to the realization that education was the key to achieving national unity and integrity. Zakir Hussain possessed an uncommon blend of wisdom, knowledge, and pragmatism, making him an authentic embodiment of Indian culture. Zakir Hussain's educational concept protects every facet of life. It shifts between what one might call the "poles of the eternal and the temporal," between a sense of conscience awakening and the ability to use one's skills efficiently, or from conviction to accomplishment. Education, according to his philosophy, is a journey from the shadows into the light, echoing a Platonic idea. Similar to what Kant had done, it acknowledged the intellectual component of education's Aristotelian logic but placed greater emphasis on its moral component. The ideals of Plato, Hegel, and Gandhiji informed Zakir Hussain's humanism, idealism, and liberalism, respectively. John Stuart Mill, who had connected education to the need for pleasure in his utilitarian philosophy, had his views rejected by him. The paper provides a descriptive and exploratory analysis based on secondary sources

The ‘War on Drugs’ and the Politics of Morality

Abstract In the time of Rodrigo Duterte, the leaders of the Philippine Catholic Church were divided on the president’s controversial war on drugs. This article draws on interviews with the religious elite and explores how these divisions took shape. We argue that while they agreed that the killings would not solve the drug problem, they diverged in two respects. The first concerns the violence of the war on drugs. It may have been ‘undesirable,’ but it was ‘unavoidable.’ The second concerns their role as national leaders in speaking truth to power. Some believed it was their duty to be prophetic; others felt it was necessary to be ‘practical.’ Our article frames the discussion in terms of morality politics, the competition for values that deliberately make a distinction between ‘good’ citizens and everybody else. From this vantage point, religious leaders are moral entrepreneurs who define who lives and who does not.

How the radical right reshapes public opinion: the Sweden Democrats’ local mobilisation, 2002–2020

This study enhances our understanding of the long-term impact of radical right parties (RRPs) on public opinion by examining the local mobilisation of the Sweden Democrats (SD) over the past two decades. Drawing on extensive local-level data from Sweden’s 290 municipalities (2002–2020), merged with survey data, the study reveals that the gradual establishment of RRPs in local politics alters voters’ policy preferences, increasing the salience of immigration. The study further shows that the SD’s local presence reshapes societal divides, leading individuals to increasingly sort their ideological views according to their positions on immigration, while reducing the prominence of economic redistribution issues. Consequently, public attention shifts away from traditional economic-redistributive conflicts towards immigration-related concerns. These findings have significant implications, suggesting that the local establishment of RRPs reconfigures public perceptions of political conflict from the grassroots level, independent of demographic trends, external crises, and even RRPs’ national leadership.

Flemish and Walloon exile communities in sixteenth-century Norwich: a case study of local and national responses to large-scale migration from the low Countries

ABSTRACT In 1565, the Mayor of Norwich, Thomas Sotherton, proposed to his fellow aldermen that the city invite thirty master textile workers from the Low Countries and their households to Norwich to revive its flagging economy. Letters patent were issued by Queen Elizabeth and on 1 June 1566, Sotherton put his seal on an order naming the thirty masters. They would form the basis of two exile communities in Norwich, one Flemish and one Walloon. This article aims to analyse what the birth of these exile communities tells us about local and national positions and practices adopted in response to migration from the Low Countries in the mid-sixteenth century. Furthermore, it examines the role of specific individuals and groups of individuals in the establishment of these communities. These include not only civic and national leaders in England, but also members of the English and exile clergy, members of exile communities in other towns, and English and Flemish nobles. Moreover, the article analyses the prosopographies of the thirty masters, providing previously unpublished details on several masters, and allowing an evaluation of the success of Sotherton’s policy. Finally, the article places the case of Norwich in a broader context by comparing it with attempts to establish exile communities in other English towns.

Pride and Prejudice: The Dual Effects of “Wolf Warrior Diplomacy” on Domestic and International Audiences

China has shifted its foreign policy from careful diplomacy to “wolf warrior diplomacy” (WWD). I argue that WWD increases the Chinese public’s support for their government. However, foreign audiences are likely to view WWD as aggressive and threatening; as a result, WWD has dual effects, increased security for the regime at the domestic level and heightened tensions at the international level. To examine these hypotheses, I conducted preregistered parallel experiments, in which I presented identical sets of survey vignettes to Chinese and American citizens. The results show that WWD significantly increases the Chinese public’s support for their government. However, this diplomatic rhetoric also antagonizes the U.S. public and bolsters their support for aggressive foreign policies toward China. These findings contribute to our understanding of the dual effects of authoritarian diplomacy in the global arena where national leaders face a trade-off between preserving domestic support and triggering international hostility.

Face Omron Ring: Proactive defense against face forgery with identity awareness

In the era of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC), face forgery models pose significant security threats. These models have caused widespread negative impacts through the creation of forged products targeting public figures, national leaders, and other Persons-of-interest (POI). To address this, we propose the Face Omron Ring (FOR) to proactively protect the POI from face forgery. Specifically, by introducing FOR into a target face forgery model, the model will proactively refuse to forge any face image of protected identities without compromising the forgery capability for unprotected ones. We conduct extensive experiments on 4 face forgery models, StarGAN, AGGAN, AttGAN, and HiSD on the widely used large-scale face image datasets CelebA, CelebA-HQ, and PubFig83. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively protect 5000 different identities with a 100% protection success rate, for each of which only about 100 face images are needed. Our method also shows great robustness against multiple image processing attacks, such as JPEG, cropping, noise addition, and blurring. Compared to existing proactive defense methods, our method offers identity-centric protection for any image of the protected identity without requiring any special preprocessing, resulting in improved scalability and security. We hope that this work can provide a solution for responsible AIGC companies in regulating the use of face forgery models.

National Leadership Grants for Libraries (IMLS)

National Leadership Grants for Libraries (IMLS)

Examining representation of women in leadership of professional medical associations in India.

Women constitute 70% of the global health workforce but are significantly underrepresented in leadership positions. In India, professional medical associations (PMAs) play a crucial role in shaping policy agenda in the health sector, but very little is known about gender diversity in their leadership. Therefore, we analysed the gender representation of current and past leaderships of Indian PMAs. Data of the current and past national leadership and leadership committees of 46 leading PMAs representing general, specialities, and super-specialities were extracted from their official websites. Gender composition of leadership was analysed using a sequential approach. For Indian Medical Association (IMA), the largest Indian PMA, an analysis of its 32 sub-chapters was also undertaken. The findings revealed that only 9 (19.5%) out of 46 associations are currently led by a woman. Leadership committees of half the associations have less than 20% women, while there were no women in the central committee of nine PMAs. Among past presidents, information was publicly available for 31 associations and all of them have had less than 20% of women presidents till date. Among the 64 individuals currently serving as presidents and secretaries of 32 sub-chapters of IMA, only three (4.6%) are women. Even in associations closely related to women's health, such as obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and neonatology, unequal representation persists, highlighting male dominance. These results demonstrate significant gender disparities in PMA leadership in India, necessitating urgent efforts to promote gender equality. Gender-transformative leadership is crucial to develop gender-sensitive health care policies and practices which can serve as a catalyst for broader societal change.

Special Education is Required for Individuals Pursuing A Career as An Advocate, As Stated In Article 3, Paragraph (1), Letter F of The Republic of Indonesia Law Number 18 of 2003, Which Pertains to Advocates.

Special Education for the Advocate Profession (PKPA) is a requirement stipulated by the State Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2003 regarding Advocates. Special Education for the Advocate Profession is a mandatory program designed for those with a bachelor's degree and a foundation in law education. The socializing event had 30 prospective advocates and occurred on October 14, 2023, at the University of Tangerang Raya Tiga Raksa in Tangerang Regency. The Service Learning (SL) method aims to incorporate learning into the Special Education of the Advocate Profession (PKPA) or the collaboration between the National Leadership Council of the Indonesian Advocates Association (DPN PERSADIN) and the Faculty of Law, University of Tangerang Raya (UNTARA). Furthermore, the Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology emphasizes explicitly the empowerment of individuals involved in the Special Education for the Advocate Profession (PKPA). This arises from the necessity to address legal issues inside the community. Volunteers from higher education institutions should prioritize the community as the primary agent of development and transformation. This activity aims to establish and promote advocacy, emphasizing that advocates are esteemed professionals who possess freedom, independence, and responsibility in upholding the law. The activities of this profession are legally safeguarded and protected to ensure the implementation of the Rule of Law.

The impact of potentially morally injurious experience of betrayal on PTSD and depression following the October 7th terror attack

With about 1200 individuals murdered, the massacre of October 7th was one of the deadliest terrorist attacks in modern history. The mental health consequences of terrorist attacks have been documented. However, little is known of the impact of the potentially morally injurious experience (PMIE) of betrayal––in which individuals feel betrayed by leaders they once trusted––on levels of psychological burden in the aftermath of such an attack. In this national prospective cohort study, we examined to what extent the PMIE of betrayal exacerbates the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in the wake of the October 7th terrorist attack. A representative sample of 710 Israeli adults (362 female, 51.1%), Jews (557, 79.9%) and Arabs (153, 20.1%), aged 18–85 (M = 41.01, SD = 13.72) completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing PTSD, depression, and PMIE-betrayal at two timepoints: T1, in August 2023 (6–7 weeks before the attack) and T2, in November 2023 (5–6 weeks after the attack). In two hierarchical logistic regressions, we found that experience of PMIE-betrayal predicted diagnoses of both PTSD (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.26–2.92) and depression (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.37–3.01) at T2, beyond probable PTSD/depression at T1 and demographic and trauma-related variables. Moreover, in two repeated-measure analyses predicting PTSD/depression symptoms, we found significant interactions between PTSD/depression trajectories and PMIE-betrayal, meaning that the increase of PTSD/depression symptoms was significantly higher among participants experiencing betrayal in the context of the attack. Our study highlights the impact of PMIE of betrayal on the dramatic increase in psychopathology following the October 7th terror attack on Israel’s population. Clinicians treating individuals coping with PTSD and depression should attend to their patients’ possible exposure to betrayal following the attack. Moreover, national leaders and policymakers should take significant steps to repair the public’s betrayal experience.

Verbal and Nonverbal Communication of Presidential and Vice-Presidential Candidates During the Third and Fourth Debates of the 2024 Election: A Semiotic Analysis by Charles Sanders Peirce

As presidential and vice-presidential candidates seek to capture public attention and understanding, they often employ innovative and creative methods. Both verbal and nonverbal messaging play a crucial role in this process. Therefore, understanding the verbal and nonverbal communication of a potential national leader is essential to prevent future misunderstandings. This study aims to analyze the political verbal and nonverbal communication of presidential (capres) and vice-presidential (cawapres) candidates during the third and fourth debates of the 2024 election using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic analysis. The primary focus of this research is to understand how the concepts of Sign, Object, and Interpretant are used by the candidates to convey their political messages during the debates. The methodology employed is qualitative, utilizing a semiotic analysis approach, which allows the researcher to elucidate the meanings behind the signs and symbols used in political communication. The study finds that the use of certain symbols significantly influences voter perceptions of the candidates. Additionally, the research highlights that signs play a critical role in the effectiveness of political communication, where gestures, facial expressions, and body language enhance the candidates' appeal and credibility in the eyes of the voters. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective political communication strategies in future election campaigns.

THE EFFECT OF USING HEYDAR ALIYEV'S HERITAGE IN THE TRAINING PROCESS ON THE COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS

A wide network of pre-school, general, vocational, secondary and higher education institutions operating in our state today, and a powerful scientific and pedagogical staff potential have their core from the purposeful policy on education carried out under the leadership of Heydar Aliyev in the 70s of the last century, and the comprehensive educational creativity that will be carried out in the future has created a strong foundation of progress. At that time, full-time educational institutions in Azerbaijan rose to the level of modern development compared to previous years, and the consistent national policy implemented in this direction played a special role in raising the educational, general cultural and intellectual level. The life and political active activity of Heydar Aliyev is the founder of the modern history of the Azerbaijani nation, the creator of the free Azerbaijan state and statehood in every citizen of Azerbaijan. It evokes a sense of pride. The life of the national leader, full of struggles, is a living chronicle of a special period, an epoch, which he dedicated to his native nation. For the first time in the history of the Azerbaijani nation, Heydar Aliyev put forward the idea of creating the concept of national ideology, gave recommendations on the work to be done in this field, the areas of application of these works, means and opportunities. The leader attaches special importance to the promotion of the subjects of the Azerbaijani language and Azerbaijani history, religious viewpoints, traditions, and our statehood meetings, and highly valued the work and role of teachers, whom he especially respected, in creating, organizing, and implementing this ideology.

Critical junctures, labour unions, and social dialogue in Tunisia and Lebanon: Implications for the social contract

ABSTRACT This paper examines the evolution of social dialogue institutions in Lebanon and Tunisia between 2010 and 2017. Both countries faced critical junctures, but their institutions pursued divergent courses. The national social dialogue institution was revamped in Tunisia to increase participation in policymaking, whereas it was reinstated in Lebanon without addressing its institutional flaws. By building on these developments, this paper makes two theoretical contributions. First, it argues that the nature of political interference in organized labour prior to the critical juncture influences its subsequent role. Labour neutralization in Lebanon was founded on sectarian politics that co-opted national leadership and bound rank-and-file to sectarian clientelism. Labour pacification in Tunisia harmed executives, whereas local unionists remained independent. After the critical juncture, Tunisian organized labour revitalized itself, aided by rank-and-file autonomy. It then made a strategic choice to reconsolidate the tripartite system with enhanced involvement of the traditional labour and capital organizations in policymaking. Lebanese organized labour was unchallenged by its rank-and-file. It maintained ties with political elites. Second, these paths illustrate the differences between social contracts. Participation in policy elaboration is among the deliverables exchanged between political elites and social actors in Tunisia but not in Lebanon.

Factors shaping network emergence: A cross-country comparison of quality of care networks in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Malawi, and Uganda.

The Quality-of-Care Network (QCN) was conceptualized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other global partners to facilitate learning on and improve quality of care for maternal and newborn health within and across low and middle-income countries. However, there was significant variance in the speed and extent to which QCN formed in the involved countries. This paper investigates the factors that shaped QCN's differential emergence in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Malawi, and Uganda. Drawing on network scholarship, we conducted a replicated case study of the four country cases and triangulated several sources of data, including a document review, observations of national-level and district level meetings, and key informant interviews in each country and at the global level. Thematic coding was performed in NVivo 12. We find that QCN emerged most quickly and robustly in Bangladesh, followed by Ethiopia, then Uganda, and slowest and with least institutionalization in Malawi. Factors connected to the policy environment and network features explained variance in network emergence. With respect to the policy environment, pre-existing resources and initiatives dedicated to maternal and newborn health and quality improvement, strong data and health system capacity, and national commitment to advancing on synergistic goals were crucial drivers to QCN's emergence. With respect to the features of the network itself, the embedding of QCN leadership in powerful agencies with pre-existing coordination structures and trusting relationships with key stakeholders, inclusive network membership, and effective individual national and local leadership were also crucial in explaining QCN's speed and quality of emergence across countries. Studying QCN emergence provides critical insights as to why well-intentioned top-down global health networks may not materialize in some country contexts and have relatively quick uptake in others, and has implications for a network's perceived legitimacy and ultimate effectiveness in producing stated objectives.