National Integration Research Articles

Educational language policy for refugee-background students in the spotlight

This article maps the differences between the European Union’s Framework of Human Rights and state-based legal mindsets (ideologies) of language policy and planning in education. Based on the analysis of the documents released by the European Commission, the Council of Ministers and the European Council in the course of the constituting of multilingual perspective and taking the experience of its local implementation into account, this article examines common cross-state indicators in order to compare multilingual responsibility of public education policies for refugee-background students (RBSs). It concludes that the assessment of multilingual possibilities in education was not complete and impartial on the level of the European Union and for a selected jurisdiction – namely, Poland. Current regional legal regulations fail to equitably address the needs of RBSs, and national-based attention eliminated the question of newcomers’ rights in education. Moreover, as highlighted for current policy-making in the European Union, there is a gap between current legal intention and political views produced by EU institutions – for example, The Commission Action Plan on the Integration of Third-Country Nationals.

The Chilean exposome-based system for ecosystems (CHiESS): a framework for national data integration and analytics platform.

The double burden of diseases and scarce resources in developing countries highlight the need to change the conceptualization of health problems and translational research. Contrary to the traditional paradigm focused on genetics, the exposome paradigm proposed in 2005 that complements the genome is an innovative theory. It involves a holistic approach to understanding the complexity of the interactions between the human being’s environment throughout their life and health. This paper outlines a scalable framework for exposome research, integrating diverse data sources for comprehensive public health surveillance and policy support. The Chilean exposome-based system for ecosystems (CHiESS) project proposes a conceptual model based on the ecological and One Health approaches, and the development of a technological dynamic platform for exposome research, which leverages available administrative data routinely collected by national agencies, in clinical records, and by biobanks. CHiESS considers a multilevel exposure for exposome operationalization, including the ecosystem, community, population, and individual levels. CHiESS will include four consecutive stages for development into an informatic platform: (1) environmental data integration and harmonization system, (2) clinical and omics data integration, (3) advanced analytical algorithm development, and (4) visualization interface development and targeted population-based cohort recruitment. The CHiESS platform aims to integrate and harmonize available secondary administrative data and provide a complete geospatial mapping of the external exposome. Additionally, it aims to analyze complex interactions between environmental stressors of the ecosystem and molecular processes of the human being and their effect on human health. Moreover, by identifying exposome-based hotspots, CHiESS allows the targeted and efficient recruitment of population-based cohorts for translational research and impact evaluation. Utilizing advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain, this framework enhances data security, real-time monitoring, and predictive analytics. The CHiESS model is adaptable for international use, promoting global health collaboration and supporting sustainable development goals.

The push and pull between culture and integrity in the workplace: an ethical decision-making context

Purpose Multinational corporations encounter numerous challenges in making ethical decisions as they navigate diverse factors in every country where they conduct business. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no research has been committed to investigating the effects of one’s cultural perspectives and moral virtue. Building on a theoretical foundation recently laid out in the literature (i.e. the culture-influenced value-specific model), this study aims to investigate the relationship between components of national culture (i.e. power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity) and the moral virtue of integrity. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a quantitative analysis methodology conducted among 160 US-based workers to test a direct effect model of the relationship between national culture and integrity. The hypothesized relationships are examined using linear regression. Additional analysis includes reliability and representativeness analyses. Findings Direct effects support the hypotheses that a worker’s cultural perspectives affect integrity. Specifically, this study found that a worker’s cultural aspects of power distance, individualism and masculinity are negatively and significantly related to an individual’s level of integrity. Additionally, an individual’s level of uncertainty avoidance is positively related to integrity. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature and practice by demonstrating how the culture in which one resides has an impact on the level of integrity one holds and potentially exhibits in the workplace. These findings are significant in that they are among the first to consider culture and moral virtue in an ethical decision-making model. Furthermore, these findings open an additional pathway for research concerning ethical behavior in the workplace.

The Rising Religious Extremism and Mob violence in Nigeria

Before the emergence of Boko haram terrorist group in the early 2000s, religious extremism in Nigeria had sparked large scale crises in Kaduna and Plateau among other states in the country. Since the inception of the Nigerian fourth republic, such crises have been undermining public safety and by implication, the country’s quest for national integration and sustainable development. In the light of a mob violence that resulted in the gruesome murder of a college student who allegedly uttered blasphemous comment, this paper examined the rise of religious extremism in Nigeria. Looking beyond human security threats like poverty and illiteracy, the paper utilised desk review of published documents to establish the historical and political factors that sowed in the country, the seeds of religious extremism now germinating. The paper found that the nature of the pre-colonial empires that now make up the Nigerian state coupled with colonial and post-colonial factors including the dissipation of knowledge on Islamic justice system, competition over political powers and the politics of divide and rule have converged to make religion a volatile phenomenon in the country. Therefore, the paper concludes that until the multidimensional factors are addressed through mitigating and preventive efforts—such as robust religious education, religious regulation, interreligious dialogue and economic empowerment—the country’s quest for ‘peace, justice and strong institutions’ among other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will remain a mirage.

Regulating Digital Era: A Comparative Analysis of Policy Perspectives on Media Entertainment

The rapid proliferation of digital media platforms has democratized content creation and distribution, enabling a vast spectrum of voices to be heard. It has brought about a significant shift in media entertainment landscapes worldwide, with India being a prominent case study due to its vast and diverse content consumption patterns. The massive content on the Internet has also raised concerns regarding misinformation, copyright infringement, and cultural sensitivity. Therefore, in the context of media entertainment, the regulation of the digital era presents a vast complex array of challenges for policymakers. Thereby, it analyzes the regulatory challenges and policy perspectives; addressing how India is navigating the complexities introduced by digital technologies. The study outlines India’s current regulatory framework including legislative measures. Apart from this, the paper contains exploration of challenges of balancing free speech with societal norms in a country characterized by its cultural pluralism. The authors of the article argue that rational regulation is able to help to prevent the spread of misinformation, protect national security, and ensure privacy. It can play a pivotal role in promoting national integration by fostering unity, preventing communal tensions, and ensuring equal representation. To achieve the objectives, the paper analyzes three case studies — Swami Ramdev v. Facebook, Inc.* (2019), the Tandav Controversy (2021), and the Tiktok ban for privacy and security concerns (2020). In the later section, the authors analyze and compare the regulatory framework of different states including India, the United States, European countries, Australia, and China. In the end, the paper summarizes the need for changes in the regulatory framework and also recommends policy measures that may be implemented to safeguard the consumers’ interest, preserve cultural values, and ensure the integrity of content.

Ethnic integration in the “Lin-ge” migration epic: a grassroots perspective

This study comprehensively analyzes China’s ethnic migration epic, “Lin-ge,” as a case study to explore the cultural and social phenomena it reveals about exchanges, communication and integration among ethnic groups. It reveals how this process has facilitated mutual understanding and integration among diverse ethnic communities from a grassroots level. Focusing on inter-ethnic religious syncretism, economic interactions, warfare exchanges, trade practices, and intermarriages depicted in “Lin-ge,” the research showcases the complexity and dynamism of ethnic integration. It emphasizes the pivotal role of regional community identity in bridging different ethnic groups and forming the foundational cultural logic behind the identity of the Chinese national community. Through textual analysis, this study finds that “Lin-ge” transcends the boundaries between official and folk, sacred and secular, and historical and contemporary narratives, presenting a more inclusive and diversified perspective of the Chinese national community. The research highlights that the syncretism of religious beliefs, cultural exchanges, and social practices are key mechanisms in shaping the identity of regional social communities and promoting harmonious coexistence among various ethnic groups. Moreover, by reviewing extensive literature and conducting case analyses, this study provides a thorough understanding of China’s ethnic policies, ethnic relations, and the formation and development of multi-ethnic communities. The findings are not only of significant academic relevance to the fields of ethnology and anthropology but also offer practical guidance for addressing ethnic issues and promoting ethnic unity and national integration in modern society.

Financing Education in Nigeria: Implications for National Integration and Economic Recovery

Financing Education in Nigeria: Implications for National Integration and Economic Recovery

Multicultural integration and future pathways: an analysis of Chinese language education policies and practices in Philippine public secondary schools

ABSTRACT This paper examines the integration of Chinese language education within the Philippine public secondary school system, highlighting its role in promoting multicultural understanding and enhancing global competitiveness. Through a mixed-methods approach, involving surveys and interviews with educators, and administrators across a representative sample of schools, the study explores the current state of Chinese language policies as part of the SPFL (Special Program in Foreign Languages) foreign language education, curriculum designs, personnel training, community engagement, and resource allocation. The findings reveal several challenges, including limited instructional time, inadequate teacher training, scarce teaching resources, and a nascent stage of digital resource development. The study also delves into the societal and educational aspirations driving the demand for Chinese language education, against the backdrop of the Philippines' broader goals for national talent development and cultural integration. Recommendations are proposed to address the identified gaps, emphasizing the need for curriculum standards that more closely integrate language with multicultural activities, enhanced teacher support, community-based language activities, a multidimensional approach to language proficiency evaluation and leveraging digital education, etc., The paper advocates for an expanded notion of communicative competence that encompasses the ability for cultural exchange and digital literacy.

Reading the Preamble to the Constitution of India from an Environmental Perspective

The Preamble to the Constitution of India declares the constitution to be a people’s document and it also sets basic objectives sought through the constitution. Even the apex court of India has stated that preamble is a key to open the minds of the framers of the constitution1. In such a scenario, the preamble to the Constitution of India holds an important place as the guide to the legislators. But the preamble to the Indian Constitution has no mention of ‘Environment’ which needs to be interpreted in the light of other philosophical aspects including Justice (social, economic and political), Liberty (of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship), Equality (of Status and opportunity); and Fraternity (assuring the dignity of individual and the unity and integrity of nation). The environment is one of the basic elements which contributes to the growth of human being2 and in such conditions the requirement of a clean and unpolluted environment is necessary for an individual’s growth, therefore, the equal access to clean environment becomes a right on part of individuals and a duty\ on state to provide every individual with a clean environment. This paper will attempt to elaborate the different perspectives of the Environment under the head Justice; and a further investigation regarding the religious aspects of environment and their contribution to the environmental pollution will also be done.

A Contribution to the Integration of International, National and Local Cultural Heritage Protection in Planning Methodology: A Case Study of the Djerdap Area

The paper focuses on the question of how the application of a multilevel, integrated, and territorial approach can contribute to the protection of cultural heritage through planning instruments in Serbia. The principles of territorialization, integration and digitalization highlighted in the recent strategic documents of the Republic of Serbia are related to international recommendations and theoretical concepts and analyzed with regards to the possibilities of their implementation in planning methodology. The case study is the spatial plan for the Djerdap National Park, a special purpose area with already recognized international and national importance. The research suggests that the encompassed cultural heritage, except the Roman limes, is still recognized at the level of individual entities. The study emphasizes the importance of aligning all levels of governance to safeguard the whole spatial entity rather than focusing solely on its particular areas. The international and national significance of the planning area contributes to the strengthening of awareness of heritage and its institutional protection. However, the vitality of the area, which is key to its sustainable development, comes from the local level. Planning documents contribute to the integration of local values and local communities into development programs and projects.

CONCEPT “TRYMOR’YA” AND NATIONAL INTERESTS OF UKRAINE

The article scrutinizes the «Intermarium» concept, evolving into the broader «Trymor’ya » project within the Eurasian realm. The author underscores Ukraine’s role in this context and explores the benefits for the country within the ambit of this initiative. This project aspires to achieve military-political and economic integration of nations situated between the Baltic and Black Seas, facilitating their transformation into autonomous geopolitical and geo-economic entities. The article highlights the potential formation of a functional federal organization with defense capabilities as part of the «Intermarium» project, contingent upon Western support and Russian weakening. Ukraine’s success in the war against Russia could result in a shift in the geopolitical landscape of Eastern Europe and a change of regime in Belarus, establishing a buffer for strategic allied countries. The article also notes transformations in the economic and geopolitical dimensions, citing support even from previously inactive countries. For instance, Germany and China exhibit a change in their positions influenced by events in Ukraine. The article advocates for the creation of a broad alliance based on shared values, universally applicable to all countries. Overall, the article analyzes the prospects and possibilities of the «Intermarium/Trymor’ya» initiative in the context of the Eurasian space, defining Ukraine’s key role in this process.

Sudan’s Transition to War

A year and a half after two Sudanese military factions staged a joint coup against Sudan’s transitional government, war broke out between the factions. Attempts by regional and international actors to arrange a cessation of hostilities between the warring parties have failed. The United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan (UNITAMS) was dissolved in early 2024, unable to fulfil its mandate of advancing Sudan’s transition to democracy. UNITAMS could have been better equipped and endowed with a stronger and more realistic mandate for dealing with a contested transition. Arguably, however, it could not have prevented two armies that had conflicting interests and the resources to go to war from doing so. UNITAMS’s record is in line with an apparent historical truth of international relations: only major powers motivated to use their political and economic leverage decisively can change the calculations of imminent combatants.

Nationalism and Economic Development in Lebanon: Challenges and Opportunities for Unity and Integration

Lebanon is a small country on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, known as a country with a strategic position geographically and politically. It was a divided country full of endless conflicts. This paper analyses the obstacles and opportunities to build Lebanese nationalism to realize the nation's integrity. Lebanon's main obstacles are the heterogeneity of society, foreign interference, and intergroup affiliations with other countries. At the same time, the foremost opportunity to build Lebanese nationalism is that they have the same language and culture, namely Arabic. Strong nationalism is the capital to build lasting political stability. This research is qualitative research that will collect specific qualitative data to create generalizations. Arabic as a language, identity, and culture is the most vital cohesive factor that unites the country and originates Lebanese nationalism. The problem of building Lebanese nationalism is mainly dependent on a strong government that can control the people. The challenge is that the ruling government comes from a minority religion, namely Maronite Christians dealing with Sunni and Shia Muslims and other Christian groups. Hence, a strategy is needed to create common interests that can be accepted by all groups, namely economic development amid the current Lebanese financial crisis. Received: 20 March 2024 / Accepted: 30 June 2024 / Published: 02 July 2024

Spatio-temporal variation and influencing factors of aero-sports tourism internet attention in Shaanxi Province, China

Despite China's building into a leading sporting nation and sport-tourism integration high-quality development strategy in the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, existing tourism studies seldom concern sport-tourism integration, especially their spatial hot spots and evolutional trend based on geospatial big data. This study aims to probe into the spatiality and the underlying mechanism of sport tourism through internet attention data in 2015, 2018, and 2021 by social network analysis, with a specific focus on aero-sports tourism. Shaanxi Province is chosen as the study site given its advantages of rich aero-sports tourism resources and various aero-sports modes (e.g., sky diving, paragliding, etc.). The results are concluded: (1) At the provincial scale, the aero-sports tourism internet attention shows a pattern of “strong in the middle and weak in the north and south”. (2) At the regional scale, the sub-group clusters within the three specific regions (Shanbei, Guanzhong, and Shannan) of Shaanxi Province turn to be inter-regional clusters. Guanzhong region, especially with Xi'an as the core, is dominant in connecting its peripheral area. Since 2016, the radiation effects of the Guanzhong Region have shown a homogeneous trend of yearly growth and effect strengthening, yet become loosely connected with a heterogeneous trend in 2021 due to the COVID-19 epidemic. (3) At the city scale, the core area of aero-sports tourism internet attention expanded from Xi'an and Xianyang to Yulin and Baoji from 2015 to 2021, resulting from urban economic strength and aviation flight camp club development. (4) The number of general aviation manufacturers, tourist attendance, and tourism revenue significantly affect aero-sports tourism internet attention.

The Dynamics of the Islamic Education System in Shaping Character

<p><em>This research was written to describe the dynamics of the Islamic education system in shaping national character and its philosophical values in realizing harmony among religious communities. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research employing Systematic Library Review (SLR) literature sources from several journals, books, and proceedings related to the topic of discussion. The stages of literature mapping gone through in this research were identification, screening, feasibility, and inclusion. Meanwhile, the references used in this research were limited only to reputable international journals. Based on the results of data analysis, it was uncovered that character education is a basic principle that every individual must possess because the character is the main determinant of the good and bad of a person's attitudes, behaviors, and speech. The findings that can be contributed to this research are strengthening character as a projection for the 21st century to become one of the pillars of changing times, which is the main representation of educational success, including moral character and performance character. Moral character is related to faith, honesty, piety, humility and compassion. In addition, the performance characters are hardworking, tenacious, tough, not giving up easily, thorough, and have high loyalty. In the national context, character education is crucial, as the nation's generation is directed to have personality values, which include national values, religious values, integrity values, independence values, and mutual cooperation values.</em></p>

Urgensi Integritas Nasional Sebagai Salah Satu Parameter Persatuan dan Kesatuan Bangsa

Indonesia, an archipelago with rich culture and diverse ethnic groups, is faced with the challenge of maintaining national unity. National integrity, defined as a state in which all people have a sense of unity and love for the country, is an important parameter to achieve this goal. This paper discusses the urgency of national integration as one of the parameters of national unity. First, national integration can strengthen the sense of unity by fostering a sense of patriotism and nationalism among the people. Second, national integration can increase national stability by reducing the potential for conflict and division between community groups. Third, national integration can spur national development by creating a conducive and safe atmosphere for the implementation of development. Fourth, national integration can increase the nation's competitiveness by creating a society that is united and has a common goal to achieve national progress. Fifth, national integration can maintain territorial integrity by preventing the disintegration of the nation that can result in the division of the country.

Re-Emergence of Scrub Typhus as a Public Health Problem in India: Its Spatial and Temporal Distribution Based on Analysis of 15-Year Data of the National Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme

Re-Emergence of Scrub Typhus as a Public Health Problem in India: Its Spatial and Temporal Distribution Based on Analysis of 15-Year Data of the National Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme

Evolution of S. Hordynsky's views on art practice and theory in the late XX century

The purpose of this study is to analyze and elucidate the development, contradictions, and influences of Ukrainian artists in America, focusing on the theoretical and practical contributions of Sviatoslav Hordynsky to both American and Ukrainian art traditions. The methodology employed includes a comprehensive historical analysis of archival materials, a comparative analysis of Ukrainian and American artworks, a thematic analysis of recurring motifs in Hordynsky's writings and works, and an interpretative analysis of critical reviews and scholarly articles on Ukrainian artists in America. The main findings reveal how Ukrainian artists integrated into and influenced the American art scene, adapting their styles while maintaining their cultural identity. The study highlights Hordynsky's role in bridging Ukrainian and American art traditions, showcasing his contributions to the development of a unique Ukrainian-American artistic identity. Furthermore, it uncovers the intellectual and artistic currents that shaped the creative processes of Ukrainian artists in America, emphasizing the significance of national identity and cultural integration. In conclusion, this research provides a nuanced understanding of the complex interactions between Ukrainian and American art traditions in the second half of the twentieth century, underlining the pivotal role of Hordynsky in this cultural exchange. The study contributes to the broader discourse on the evolution of art in diasporic contexts and the preservation of cultural heritage amidst dynamic socio-political landscapes.

Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi’s Philosophy of Education: Human-Centred Dimension

Purpose. The basis of the presented study is a methodological and human-centred analysis of the philosophy of education of the outstanding Ukrainian educator Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi as a relevant anthropological-intellectual strategy for understanding and comprehending the educational process in the context of civilisation challenges. This implies a sequential solution to the following tasks: 1) to review the conceptual content and human-centred load of Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi’s pedagogical position in the discourses of philosophical anthropology and social philosophy; 2) to analyse the theoretical knowledge of the anthropo-existential concept of the outstanding teacher in the context of the transformation of Ukrainian education; 3) to determine the main parameters of the cognitive field of Sukhomlynskyi’s philosophy of education in the development of values of patriotic education of young people. Theoretical basis. The dynamic process of Ukraine’s unfolding struggle for the preservation of its nation and territorial integrity brings Sukhomlynskyi’s philosophy of education to a new level of understanding of human life and society. The human-centred dimension in interaction with the philosophy of education allows us to define Sukhomlynskyi’s pedagogical concept in the fullness of its metaphilosophical, existential and axiological content. The relevance of the problem under study is due to the crisis of values in the situation of civilizational transformations, which, as a result of information and digital technologies, have a cumulative impact on all spheres of people’s life and their attitude to the world. In the process of implementing the educational ideas of the Ukrainian teacher, the development and transformation of the individual’s self-awareness takes place in accordance with the intellectual challenges of the modern socio-cultural environment. Originality. It is substantiated that the philosophy of education of Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi largely determines the strategy for the transformation of Ukrainian education both in the context of digitalisation of the educational space and in the situation of a full-scale war against Russian aggression, which opens up new prospects for the implementation of identity dimensions in interaction with a qualitatively different level of national subjectivity. Conclusions. The approval of the conceptual provisions of Sukhomlynskyi’s philosophy of education gives rise to a new type and method of paradigm of thinking and cognition in the implementation of strategies for the transformation of modern education, which determine the qualitative theory of the educational process in the context of human-centrism. It is characterized by the level of modern philosophical reflections, which allows preserving and at the same time changing the system of education and upbringing of the young generation in the context of universal values. On this basis, the philosophy of education of the prominent Ukrainian educator appears as a way of renewing all aspects of human life, which deconstructs itself in the situation of a human-centric dimension.

Anthropological Dimension of Wartime Ecocide: Ecofeminist Methodological Assessments

Purpose. The authors aim to disclose the anthropological dimension of ecocide during and after Russia’s war against Ukraine, relying on the multidisciplinary practices and intellectual production of ecofeminist women thinkers, including philosophers, sociologists, historians, psychologists, and others. The theoretical basis methodological approaches in philosophical anthropology, phenomenology, analytical philosophy, communicative philosophy, existentialism, ethics of justice, and ethics of care determine the study’s theoretical basis. Originality. For the first time, a systematic analysis of the anthropological dimension of ecocide has been carried out based on ecofeminist methodology. The specifics of the Ukrainian resistance to ecocide were revealed as part of a single struggle – an anti-imperial and ecological struggle for independence and prosperity. It is emphasized that during the war, the opposition to ecocide is a component of the fight for national sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, and therefore, the ideas of pacifism in this period are subordinated to this primary goal. After the war, preventing threats of ecocide should become an integral part of the struggle for stable peace and prosperity. Ecofeminist pacifist perspectives should be a priority among the most essential goals for that period. Conclusions. Ecofeminist methodological assessments offer valuable insights into the anthropological dimension of ecocide in wartime and post-war contexts, highlighting the complex interplay between gender, violence, and environmental destruction. By focusing on the experiences and perspectives of women and marginalized communities, ecofeminist analyses contribute to a more holistic understanding of ecocide and its impacts on both human populations and ecosystems.