Concept Of National Innovation System Research Articles

National innovation system: Measurement of overall effectiveness and analysis of influencing factors

China has made remarkable achievements in the construction of the National Innovation System (NIS), but the theoretical and empirical studies on the NIS's overall effectiveness have lagged behind the policy and management practice. From the perspective of system theory, this study defines the concept of NIS's overall effectiveness, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of NIS's overall effectiveness based on the panel data of China (mainland) from 2012 to 2020, using a combination assignment method and coupled coordination model for measurement and analysis. We also conducted a configuration analysis of the factors influencing the NIS's overall effectiveness using a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis approach (fsQCA). The results show that: First, from a temporal perspective, China's NIS's overall effectiveness has grown by leaps and bounds, with a 326.77% increase in 2020 compared to 2012. Second, from a spatial perspective, the top five regions in terms of the NIS's overall effectiveness from 2012 to 2020 are Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province, Beijing, Shanghai, and Zhejiang Province, while the bottom five regions are Yunnan Province, Ningxia Province, Guizhou Province, Gansu Province, and Qinghai Province. The spatial distribution pattern of the NIS's overall effectiveness is "East > Central > West". Third, the factors driving the NIS's overall effectiveness are in three Configurations. The first type is a two-wheel drive of government innovation support and infrastructure construction, a typical case is Jiangsu Province. The second type is the two-wheeled government innovation support and digital economy, a typical case is Zhejiang Province. The third type is the three-legged government-infrastructure-digital economy support type, a typical case is Guangdong Province.

A National Innovation System Concept-Based Analysis of Autonomous Vehicles’ Potential in Reaching Zero-Emission Fleets

Change management for technology adoption in the transportation sector is often used to address long-term challenges characterized by complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity. Especially when technology is still evolving, an analysis of these challenges can help explore different alternative future pathways. Therefore, the analysis of development trajectories, correlations between key system variables, and the rate of change within the entire road transportation system can guide action toward sustainability. By adopting the National Innovation System concept, we evaluated the possibilities of an autonomous vehicle option to reach a zero-emission fleet. A case-specific analysis was conducted to evaluate the industry capacities, performance of R&D organizations, main objectives of future market-oriented reforms in the power sector, policy implications, and other aspects to gain insightful perspectives. Environmental insights for transportation sector scenarios in 2021, 2030, and 2050 were explored and analyzed using the COPERT v5.5.1 software program. This study offers a new perspective for road transport decarbonization research and adds new insights to the obtained correlation between the NIS dynamics and achievement of sustainability goals. In 2050, it is expected to achieve 100% carbon neutrality in the PC segment and ~85% in the HDV segment. Finally, four broad conclusions emerged from this research as a consequence of the analysis.

Innovation-driven economic growth under global turbulence: how countries strengthen innovation systems to deal with threats

ABSTRACT The role of innovation as a major force of economic growth is not to doubt. Despite this, geopolitical challenges in recent years pose difficulties for countries, especially for those who struggle with lower GDP per-capita, to enhance innovative performance and grow. Building upon the national innovation system concept and using the methodological framework of country-level composite innovation indexes, this paper aims to explore features of innovation systems inherent in lagging economies and their relevance for economic growth. The analysis, based on a panel dataset comprising the Global Innovation Index elementary indicators on 76 countries during 2015–2021, demonstrates the lower initial state, but faster development of innovation system components in lagging economies. Crucial to their growth is the external validation of national innovation efforts, proxied by international trade and foreign investment indicators. In addition, a sustainable economic growth requires balanced and synergetic development of all components and functions. Therefore, bottom-up approaches are needed to sustain further growth of lagging economies, starting with the provision of effective resource allocation, knowledge creation and its diffusion.

Concept of national innovation system: etymologization and complications of management

Purpose. To develop the concept of the national innovation model which considers obstacles to the model implementation. Methodology. The methods used are: scientific observation to form the topic, purpose, objectives of the study; systematic approach to analyze existing methods and structure of innovation system management bodies; methods of analysis and synthesis to study interconnected structural elements of the national innovation system; scientific abstraction to develop the concept of the national innovation system of Ukraine; logical analysis to predict consequences of management actions; induction/deduction for the analysis of resource saving component of the national innovation system; quantitative/qualitative comparison for the analysis of regulatory-legislative support for regulation of innovation activity in economy. Findings. Analysis of the different methods of creating the national innovation system is carried out, and as a result, a development management system model of the Ukraines innovative economy is developed. This model is of integrative nature and can be used for convergent alignment of interests, functions, potential and specificity of activity of authorities, business, research institutions and consumers in the process of creating, implementing and disseminating innovation as a factor in stimulating the formation and development of Ukraines innovative economy. According to our vision, the main goal of the development of the innovation economy is to ensure the economic development of Ukraine through the rational use of innovative potential, efficient organization, resource saving and management of innovation activity. Originality. The novelty of the study is to build an integrative model of the system of managing the innovative economy development of Ukraine. Practical value. Implementation of the developed model will contribute to the formation of an effective, innovative environment in the country, which is possible in the context of Ukraine due to structural shifts in strategically important spheres of economy, and expectedly lead to the emergence of progressive sectors and industrial-financial network links and disappearing or modification of old traditional ones as well as to creation of new activities and forms of interaction of economic entities on the basis of public/municipal-private partnerships.

THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN FORMING THE INNOVATIVE ECONOMICS: THE CASE OF GEORGIA

The modern paradigm of economic development shows that an important factor affecting the economic development is not only natural resources, but also innovative approaches that stimulate the competitiveness of the country. Forming the innovative economics in the direction of education, trade, investment and financial decentralization requires the selection of effective tools of innovative economics formation, which creates fertile foundation for the introduction of innovations in these areas. And this is achieved by optimal coordination of different combinations of state regulation instruments. Relevance of the topic: Determining the importance of the role of state in forming the innovative economics and developing the concept of national innovation system is connected with the scientists-economists of the neoclassical school of the 90s of the last century. However, apart from theoretical assessments, no complex research has been conducted in this direction. Scientific novelty of the research: The article outlines the main directions of forming the innovative economics based on the identification and analysis of the factors affecting the innovative economics. The need for the involvement of state institutions in the process of forming an innovative economy is also substantiated in this article.

The process of a national innovation system concept formulation: key problems

The article discusses the process of a national innovation system (NIS) concept developing as a scientific category, which originates from the late 1980s, when the model of linear mass production was predominant. The paper notes that the linear model of production has ceased to be relevant as the economies of countries grow and develop, and innovation and qualitatively new products and R & D come first among the key factors for the success of economic development. Particular attention is paid to the features of the study of the national innovation system at the level of theoretical understanding by various scientific circles, organizations and institutions. The author also notes the process of forming a systems approach in the field of innovation. The author identifies the concepts of concepts of national innovation systems formed by such scientists as K. Freeman, R. Nelson, B. Lundvall, etc. The author has identified key issues in the history of the study of NIS, on the basis of which it is possible to identify the main contradictions in the process of studying various concepts of NIS by various scientists, and explain the missing fragments for a more accurate definition of the concept of NIS and a better understanding of how it works today. The author relates to such problems, as the ambiguity of the origin of the concept of NIS, the presence of NIS in all countries, excessive theorization and ambiguity of the interpretation of NIS in the scientific literature.

Constructing the national innovation system in Rwanda: efforts and challenges

ABSTRACT The building of sustainable innovation capabilities in Africa requires an innovation system capable of producing, disseminating and using new knowledge. This paper assesses the process of constructing the National Innovation System (NIS) in Rwanda. It is posited that consensus on and acceptance of the concept of NIS among stakeholders is crucial in the early process of constructing an efficient and dynamic innovation system. Primary empirical data are presented for the case of Rwanda and analyzed in a regional context. The study shows that the NIS concept is generally being integrated and utilized in the process of building sustainable innovation capabilities in Rwanda. In particular, Rwanda exhibits promising progress in the process of establishing and reinforcing infrastructures and institutions as well as policies to promote innovation. However, there are still challenges associated with low research capacity, low level of interactions among stakeholders, limited financial resources as well as lack of coordination framework, all of which contribute to hampering the building up of sustainable innovation capabilities.

National innovation system as the basis of the country economic growth

The need to development a national innovation system as a basis for economic growth was substantiated at the theoretical and empirical levels in the article. Within this goal, theories of economic growth were considered , the place of innovations in them was revealed, the concept of national innovation systems was study, the impact of the national innovation systems efficiency on the level of economic developmentidentify was identified. Theoretical models and results of empirical research show that the main strategic factors of long-term economic growth are innovations and their determining factors. In turn, economic growth on an innovation basis requires the creation of appropriate institutional structures, which are united by the concept of national innovation systems. The efficiency of national innovation systems is assessed and its impact on the level of economic development of European countries is revealed. The efficiency of the national innovation system of Ukraine is very low, amounting to 35.4 % of the European average. For Ukraine, there is a connection: low efficiency of the national innovation system → low level of innovation activity → low level of GDP per capita. Not a high level of economic development, in turn, impairs the efficiency of the national innovation system, there is a «trap» of inefficiency. This requires the formation and implementation of a scientifically sound set of measures at the state level to get out of the «trap». Such measures include the following recommendations: establish the indicator of knowledge intensity of GDP as the most important macro indicators of strategic economic development, recognize the financing of science as the most important priority of financing policy; stimulate private investment in research and innovation, expand initiatives such as the formation of venture funds to increase private investment and long-term capital; create a reliable national regulatory framework; simplify state aid rules in the field of science and innovation, especially for small businesses, use common evaluation standards for research and innovation projects; recognize the key role of higher education in providing promising skills and compe- tencies for the successful implementation of innovations, stimulate research in universities; support innovation cooperation.

The algorithm to ensure and implement the strategy of the effective management of innovation processes

We considered the implementation of the effective management strategy of the innovation process from the point of view of its integration and existing problems. We have marked the role of priorities that explain the interrelation of the levels of the state planning and the innovation processes management of socio-economic systems. We have shown the substantive part of the strategic planning and the role of the tools ensuring the achievement of goals and objectives of innovation processes. We have summarized the content of the strategic planning. The research results of the tools role determined the conditions of the innovation infrastructure formation and the list of its components. We used the following tools for the analysis: direct government influence; unity of monetary and fiscal policies; consolidated revenue policy; reforming of the conditions, the traditions and the practices of interaction between the banking and real sectors of the national economy. We applied a retrospective approach during the analysis of the innovation infrastructure algorithm. The authors made the correction of the analysis using the concept of national innovation systems (NIS). We made the conclusions based on the author’s point of view due to the lack of a generalized definition and the methodology of the NIS in the academic literature. We proposed a lineal algorithm that provides and implements the strategy of managing the innovation processes, as well as the tools. We highlighted the factors that prevent the problems in the formation of an effective management, and we have also pointed out that it is necessary to take into account the specific conditions of the country, its trends and challenges. Based on the analysis, we named the additional features to trace the management problems. We suggested the measures to ensure the greatest effectiveness of the implementation of the effective management strategy from the standpoint of mentality and timeliness. The author's algorithm has been justified as the most feasible in the modern conditions, revealing the existing interrelations between the subjects of the innovation process.

Поняття національної системи інновацій. Роль уряду в інноваційній політиці: практика Азербайджану

Поняття національної системи інновацій. Роль уряду в інноваційній політиці: практика Азербайджану

From the History of Forming and Developing the Concept of the National Innovative System

The field of my scientific studies during last period have included extremely active field – innovations and the problems related with them. The Article touches upon historic issues of formation of the effective national innovation system. Particularly, the factors determining the concept of national innovation system are represented, together with the main stages of its evolution. We tried to represent the image of scientific study of origination, formation and development of the concept in logical order; the role of the researchers, who are famous worldwide and scientific merit in the establishment of the theory of the concept of national innovation system.

National Innovation Systems of the South, Innovation and Economic Development Policies: A Multidimensional Approach

The National Innovation System (NIS) concept is constantly evolving and this evolution merits particular attention today. Indeed, the extensive literature around NISs is very often focused on a connection between the territory examined and the recommendations around technology policies, and does not sufficiently re-examine the fundamental subjects on which NISs are based: innovation capacities, innovation policy and economic development. The aim of theoretical contribution of this article is three-fold. First it will re-examine the NIS concept through its general conceptual evolution and in developing countries. Then it will analyse the legitimacy of innovation policies, through to their mode of governance in developing countries. And finally, it will re-examine the conditions that structure the latter with regard to globalised growth, and economic development that is sometimes impeded.JEL Codes: O31, F63, B41

CONCEPTUAL PROVISIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM

Urgency of the research. In most countries the national innovation system concept (NIS) is used to justify the economic policy content and to aim development at an innovative path as the basic one. Target setting. Тhe theoretical and practical justification question regarding the content of the NIS development concept in Ukraine still remain relevant. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The conceptual issues of the NIS development in different groups of countries have been studied in the works of prominent foreign and Ukrainian scholars, in particular, by R. D. Atkinson, V. M. Heyets, B. Godina, В. А. Lundvall, L. I. Fedulovoyi, S. Feinson, C. Freeman. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Article should investigate the existence of differences between the NIS concept in developed and developing countries. The research objective. To analyze the NIS differences of developed and developing countries and to formulate the conceptual provisions for the NIS formation in Ukraine. The statement of basic materials. The article systematizes the existing scientific approaches to the development of national innovation systems (NISs), determines the NIS value for the development of a country. It emphasizes the existence of differences between the NIS concept in developed and developing countries. The article presents the development of basic points of the NIC concept that are the most important to understand its nature. Conclusions. The complexity of the NIS formation causes even some doubts as for the effective implementation of this concept in developing countries. It means that the NIS concept content and a set of tools for implementation requires a clear, scientific justification based on a strategic approach. This longterm strategy of innovative development by improving NIS can be considered the starting point of a state policy in the innovative sphere that will enable a country to develop adequate implementation toolkit and transform it into a legislative framework, targeted and comprehensive development programs.

National Innovation System and external constraint on growth

ABSTRACT Segundo a literatura sobre modelos de crescimento com restrição externa, as diferenças nas elasticidades-renda da demanda de importações e de exportações entre os países levam a diferentes graus de restrição externa ao crescimento dos mesmos. Contudo, não há nesta literatura uma explicação que utiliza o conceito Evolucionário de Sistema Nacional de Inovações (SI) para mostrar o motivo para as diferenças nas elasticidades-renda dos países. Ademais, não há um consenso sobre a exogeneidade destas elasticidades. Alguns autores enfatizam que a elasticidade-renda de exportações é maior nos setores com maior intensidade tecnológica. Porém, estes autores não explicam os motivos para isto ocorrer. Neste artigo visa-se mostrar teoricamente a relação de causalidade entre o SI de uma economia, suas elasticidades-renda e seu desempenho em transações correntes. Objetiva--se, também, mostrar o papel do SI na determinação da exogeneidade/endogeneidade das elasticidades. A evidência empírica apresentada neste estudo não rejeita seus argumentos.

Совершенствование правового обеспечения национальной инновационной системы Российской Федерации

The transition to innovative economy has been one of the topical issues in recent decades in Russia. However, legal acts acknowledge the lack of development of the Russian national innovation system. The author of this article considers the economic category “the concept of national innovation systems”, which is now widely used in advanced countries for the development of innovative legal relationship and is analyzed by the economic science. The author notes that this concept has a number of advantages, and thus proposes to improve the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation on the basis of this concept. Despite the fact that there is no common approach to the definition of the national innovation system, the author concludes that the concept of the national innovation system, contained in the legislation of the Russian Federation has a number of significant shortcomings and can not be considered as satisfactory and requires prompt revision. The author reveals the existing problems in the legal base, that prevent the development of innovative legal relationship and offers proposals to be taken as a basis for preparation of draft legal acts in the sphere of innovative economy.

Innovation dynamics and labor force restructuring with asymmetrically developed national innovation systems

The concept of National Innovation System (NIS) has gained a great deal of intellectual and practical attention over the past three decades. We present an endogenous growth model where the NIS of a country determines its accumulation of technological knowledge and the arrival rate of innovations depends on the distance from the technological frontier to the current technological development level (TDL) of the country. We show how, even within an ideal common market environment and despite the compensatory mechanism provided by migration and the advantage of backwardness enjoyed by the laggard countries, differences in TDLs among countries foster the economic stagnation of technological laggards. That is, the structural consequences derived from technological underdevelopment are persistent and not simply due to the depreciation of human capital, but to the absence of innovation incentives that follows. Numerical simulations and an empirical analysis are performed to illustrate the main results and relate them to the current European common market setting and the innovation policies of its members.

Инновационная политика: теория и практика

It is a well-established tradition of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO) to study the world’s major social and economic trends while taking into full account the most actual problems of Russia. In 2000s the government announces the course on innovative modernization as the basis for the long-term development strategy of the Russian Federation. Accordingly, the task of monitoring and application of the world experience of regulating this sphere took a priority place among the directions of the Institute’s research activities. The previous article published by ““World Economy and International Relations” Journal in 2006 in connection with the 50-anniversary of IMEMO exposed the principal stages of the examination of the economic aspects of scientific and technological progress (NTP). The IMEMO researchers proposed a radical change in the conceptual approach to respective studies – from NTP to innovations. This ensured a new and highly productive vision of the science, the technology trends and the innovative entrepreneurship within the concept of national innovation systems (NIS). This article is a continuation of the topic while summarizing the results of theoretical and applied research conducted by the team of the Department of Science and Innovation of the IMEMO in the past 10 years during 2005-2015.

Mechanisms and Functions within a National Innovation System

In modern society, the competitive success of countries is increasingly dependent on the effective management of their national innovation system (NIS). Therefore, understanding the mechanisms behind NISs has become essential. After reviewing the current understanding of the NIS concept and the existing measurement models, this study proposes to consider the NIS as an intangible (underlying) asset of a specific kind and identifies its seven fundamental components, which are extracted with a new measurement model, the Global Innovation Index (GII). This study employs the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques to analyze the relationships among the components of an NIS. Our results support the existence of a causal link between the constituents of an NIS and provide several perspectives regarding NIS management opportunities. In particular, we find that the efficient management of institutional capital is a key determinant of innovation success for non-high-income countries.

National innovation systems and the intermediary role of industry associations in building institutional capacities for innovation in developing countries: A critical review of the literature

Developed over the past three decades, the national innovation system concept (NIS) has been widely used by both scholars and policy makers to explain how interactions between a set of distinct, nationally bounded institutions supports and facilitates technological change and the emergence and diffusion of new innovations. This concept provides a framework by which developing countries can adopt for purposes of catching up. Initially conceived on structures and interactions identified in economically advanced countries, the application of the NIS concept to developing countries has been gradual and has coincided – in the NIS literature – with a move away from overly macro-interpretations to an emphasis on micro-level interactions and processes, with much of this work questioning the nation state as the most appropriate level of analysis, as well as the emergence of certain intermediary actors thought to facilitate knowledge exchange between actors and institutions. This paper reviews the NIS literature chronologically, showing how this shift in emphasis has diminished somewhat the importance of both institutions, particularly governments, and the political processes of institutional capacity building. In doing so, the paper suggests that more recent literature on intermediaries such as industry associations may offer valuable insights to how institutional capacity building occurs and how it might be directed, particularly in the context of developing countries where governance capacities are often lacking, contributing to less effective innovation systems, stagnant economies, and unequal development.

National Innovation Systems: From Conception toward the Methodology of Analysis

The seminal contributions of the neoclassical economic theory, the evolutionary and neo-Schumpeterian approaches in establishing the concept of national innovation system (NIS) are considered. The study is aimed to identify the challenges that the new concept has met. The advantages and bottlenecks of the emerging theory and practice are taken into account. In the study, an attempt is made to offset the shortcomings of the NIS approach and reveal its weaknesses. As a result, an approach to developing research methodology of NIS is proposed. The system structure-object and functional approaches give a basis of this concept.