National Innovation Strategy Research Articles

Do national innovation projects shape citizens' public health behaviours?

This article investigates whether, in the context of rising nationalism, drawing attention to national innovation strategies influences public health behaviours, particularly vaccine uptake. It draws on an original two-wave panel study of United Kingdom (UK) respondents during the COVID pandemic. The survey included an experimental design, which primed respondents with a nationalist framing of COVID-19 vaccines, drawing attention to the UK's role in developing the AstraZeneca vaccine and in rapid approval and roll out of other vaccines. Our results show no significant impact of nationalist framing on vaccine willingness, even among those with nationalist or science-skeptical views. These findings suggest public health authorities should be cautious with nationalist framing, as it may be ineffective or counterproductive.

CEO’s Financial Background and Corporate Green Innovation

Innovation is the primary driving force for development, and enterprises, as the main drivers of innovation, are an important part of implementing the national innovation strategy. This paper, combining the perspective of the enterprise lifecycle, thoroughly examines the differential impact of the CEO’s financial background on green innovation in enterprises at different stages of the lifecycle. This study finds that the CEO’s financial background has a significant inhibitory effect on green innovation in enterprises, and this conclusion holds true after multiple robustness tests. From the perspective of the lifecycle, it is found that when enterprises are in the mature stage, the CEO’s financial background has a strong inhibitory effect on innovation output. The impact of the CEO’s financial background on green innovation output in the growth stage is relatively weak, while there is no significant impact on green innovation in the declining period. Furthermore, based on the enterprise lifecycle, it is found that the CEO’s financial background has a stronger inhibitory effect on green innovation in non-state-owned enterprises and high-tech industries. The research findings of this paper have important theoretical value and practical significance for promoting green innovation in enterprises and implementing the national innovation strategy.

Sociodemographic and behavioural differences between frequent and non-frequent users of convenience food in Germany.

Convenience foods are a double-edged sword in that they provide quick and easy nutrition but may promote non-communicable diseases related to excess intakes of sugar, fat, and salt. To inform the German national reduction and innovation strategy for less sugar, fat, and salt in processed foods, the present study sought to analyse the consumption frequency of selected convenience foods and to determine sociodemographic and behavioural factors that characterise frequent users. In a representative computer-assisted telephone interview survey in the adult German population (N = 3,997) conducted in 2018, consumption frequency of 21 convenience foods was assessed. To characterise frequent in contrast to non-frequent users, data on sociodemographics and behavioural aspects were compared. Statistical analyses comprised chi-square tests with Bonferroni correction as well as Spearman's rank correlation. Cramer's V was used to determine the strength of an association. Overall and among frequent users (7.7% of the sample) sweet convenience foods and savoury cooking aids were consumed most frequently. Around 75% of the participants indicated little-to-no consumption of 19 of the 21 convenience foods. Male gender (p < 0.001), younger age (p < 0.001), and not having a high level of education (p = 0.017) were identified as key characteristics of frequent users. Furthermore, frequent users were more likely than non-frequent users to live in a family household (p = 0.003) or without a partner (p < 0.001), and to work in shifts (p = 0.002). Additionally, they showed significantly lower cooking skills (p < 0.001). Public health interventions to limit excess intakes of sugar, fat, and salt from convenience food in Germany should target people of male gender, younger age, and having a lower level of education. On the behavioural side, developing the skills to cook from scratch emerged as major point of focus. Simultaneously, reformulation of the food offer should continue in order to help transition to a more health-promoting food environment.

Winning the 6G sweepstakes: Comparative analysis of national innovation strategies and industrial policy

Winning the 6G sweepstakes: Comparative analysis of national innovation strategies and industrial policy

Інноваційна державна політика в агропромисловому комплексі України як чинник забезпечення продоволь-чої безпеки

Ensuring food security is the primary strategy of the state agricultural policy of Ukraine because, despite the crisis phenomenon provoked by the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, the country's agro-industrial complex remains one of the drivers of support for the national economy of Ukraine and acts as a guarantor of food security for many countries of the world. The methodological basis of the research was modern general and unique methods of scientific knowledge, inductive and deductive, analysis, synthesis and generalization, and forecasting. Economic, social, political, and technological factors are identified among the factors contributing to or hindering the implementation of innovative state policy during the study. It has been established that to increase the efficiency of innovative activity in Ukraine, it is necessary to develop a national innovation strategy and action plan that will determine the priorities, goals, indicators, and mechanisms of innovation policy in the agro-industrial complex to ensure food security and increase the competitiveness of agricultural products on world markets. A mandatory condition for its implementation is the provision of adequate financing, tax, and other incentives for implementing innovative projects by subjects of agricultural production. Ukraine has significant potential for innovative development of the agro-industrial complex to ensure food security. At the same time, this is hindered by several problems related to insufficient funding and insufficient institutional support for innovative activities, low interaction and cooperation between the research, educational, business, and government sectors, lack of commercialization and technology transfer, insufficient market and demand orientation, low competitiveness and internationalization of innovative Ukrainian products and services, etc. Therefore, to increase the efficiency of innovative activity, it is necessary to develop a national innovation strategy and an action plan that will determine priorities, goals, indicators, and mechanisms of innovation policy and provide adequate financing, tax, and other incentives for innovative projects and subjects of innovative activity in the agro-industrial complex to ensure food security. Keywords: innovative policy, food security, armed aggression, agriculture, agro-industrial complex, export, strategy.

Fostering innovative behaviours of public sector employees: the potency of innovation-based HR practices, risk propensity and error tolerance

PurposeAlthough the innovative behaviour of public employees is critical for the creation of public value and meeting of public interests, the authors are uncertain about the role of the human resource (HR) system in affecting individual behaviour as past studies tended to discuss innovation at the organisational level of analysis. Based on corporate human resource management (HRM) literature, the authors draw from the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) model to examine the influence of innovation-based HR practices on work-related risk propensity and innovative behaviour and the moderating role of perceived error tolerance of public sector organisations.Design/methodology/approachDyadic data were collected from supervisors and their subordinates in various public sector organisations in the UAE. The authors collected valid responses from 100 managers and 200 employees.FindingsThis study's findings demonstrate that the HR system in the public sector shapes employees' behaviour at the individual level of analysis, consistent with the corporate HRM literature. The authors reveal that innovation-based HR practices significantly promote employees' innovative work behaviour because they trigger their inclination and disposition to take risks. Furthermore, the authors provide evidence that such risk-taking propensity at work is heightened under the conditions of a high level of error tolerance by the organisational management.Practical implicationsThis study's findings point out the importance of implementing innovation-based HR practices, such as recruitment, reward and training, to drive public sector employees' innovative work behaviour as they could galvanise their risk-taking propensity and, subsequently, innovative behaviour. Public sector managers also need to develop an innovation culture tolerant toward employees' mistakes to further foster employees' work innovativeness. Policy wise, this study's findings could be integrated into the national innovation strategy to drive the national growth in the UAE.Originality/valueThis study sheds light on the drivers behind innovative behaviour among public employees, which is a less researched area, especially in a non-Western context.

INNOVATIVE ASPECTS OF THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SMES: EXPERIENCE OF THE EU AND UKRAINE

Innovations and their use in the competitive struggle, both at the level of national economies and at the level of enterprises, are undoubtedly becoming the main driver of development in modern conditions. This goal can only be achieved through a profound technological re-equipment of scientific, technical and productive potential, which requires an intensification of investment activity in the economy. The latter is a necessary condition for ensuring sustainable growth and strengthening the competitive advantages of national economies in global markets through their modernisation and technical reconstruction. That is why, at the present stage, the only way to develop the world economy to meet the global challenges and increase the level of international competitiveness is to create an innovation and investment economy. However, many factors hinder such development in European countries, and certainly in Ukraine. It is particularly difficult to implement innovations in the small and medium-sized business sector. The reasons for this gap include the low interest of the financial sector and large companies in financing small and microenterprises, underdeveloped mechanisms for cross-sectoral capital flows, and weak levers to stimulate the introduction of high-technology, high-cost innovations for small and microenterprises. As a result, innovation does not become a means of enhancing the competitiveness of the economy. The purpose of the article is to summarise theoretical approaches and practical aspects of determining methods and instruments of regulation of economic development of innovations in the sector of small and microbusinesses in Ukraine. The article is also aimed at a comparative analysis of foreign experience of state regulation of modernisation transformations in the economy on an innovative basis and at making proposals for their implementation in Ukraine. This study uses the methodology of interdisciplinary science. The theoretical underpinning is based on the content analysis of research by scholars from different countries, the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge and the integration of heterogeneous characteristics into one system. This has allowed certain results to be formulated, substantiated and conclusions to be drawn. In particular, the comparative analysis of the development of innovation in SMEs, the identification of trends in the development of small and microenterprises in Ukraine under martial law, the determination of the role of innovation in the post-war economic recovery of Ukraine, and the consideration of methods of regulating the implementation of innovation in SMEs in the EU. The global paradigm of the European Union's "new innovation perspective" is that by implementing active policies to promote innovation and new knowledge, EU member states are contributing to the fact that regional policy, which used to be redistributive in nature, is increasingly taking on the features of a structural innovation policy. The synergistic effect is achieved by combining the member states' own national innovation strategies and their participation in supranational, pan-European innovation programmes. At the same time, a feature of recent years is that the EU supranational institutions prefer to assist regions not through direct funding, but by motivating the development of their innovation infrastructure as part of the development of innovation policy. The development of innovative activities should become a tool for strengthening cooperation with other countries and Ukraine's entry into the global innovation community. Participation in international innovation programmes, projects and conferences will facilitate the exchange of experience and technologies between countries, as well as attract foreign investors to Ukraine. Cooperation between the state, business and research institutions will be the basis for creating an innovative ecosystem in Ukraine. Efficient use of national resources and potential, attraction of talented professionals and start-ups, which will contribute to economic development and improve living standards, will ensure the creation of a favourable environment for innovation activities of small and microbusinesses.

Research on Cost Management of Logistics Enterprises Under the Between Big Data, Intelligence, Mobile Internet and Cloud Computing

In 2013, the concept of "Great wisdom moving Cloud" was first proposed at the China Internet Conference. Under the national technology innovation strategy, Dazhiyun has gradually become a powerful technology engine for economic development and enterprise transformation and upgrading. With the advent of the era of "big wisdom moving cloud", the traditional enterprise cost management has been unable to meet the current financial management requirements, how to form a cost leading advantage has become the core task of cost management. Big data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, Internet of Things and other related technologies provide technical support for enterprise cost management innovation. However, under the background of "big wisdom moving to cloud", there are still many shortcomings in enterprise cost control, such as backward cost management concept, backward related supporting system, lack of professional talent quality, data collection distortion, etc. Enterprises should take the initiative to introduce information technology. To develop in the direction of technological innovation and management innovation, reduce costs and increase efficiency.

The effect of strategic supply management on operational and innovation performance: the mediating role of external supply resources mobilization

PurposeBased on the resource orchestration perspective, this study aims to explore whether and how strategic supply management (SSM) affects firms’ operational performance (OP) and innovation performance (IP).Design/methodology/approachSurvey data comprising 404 valid responses are collected from traditional manufacturing firms in China. Confirmatory factor analysis confirms the reliability and validity of the measures. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping are used to test all hypotheses.FindingsSSM improves firms’ OP and IP. Furthermore, supply base resource mobilization (SBRM) and supply market resource mobilization (SMRM) have partial mediating effects on the relationships. SBRM has a greater effect on OP, while SMRM has a greater effect on IP. In addition, these two types of resource mobilization form different mediating paths between SSM and firm performance, and environmental uncertainty positively moderates this relationship.Originality/valueWith the development of national innovation strategies such as the “Made in China 2025” plan, the Chinese manufacturing industry aims to move from low-cost manufacturing to innovative and high-quality manufacturing. The study’s findings further emphasize the role of purchasing and supply management in external resource management. In addition to demonstrating the differential effects of heterogeneous resource mobilization on OP and IP, different mediation pathways through external resources mobilization are identified in the relationship between SSM and firm performance.

How do R&D capital market distortions affect innovation efficiency in China? Some evidence about spatial interaction and spillover effects

Improving innovation efficiency (IE) and refining capital market distortions are important considerations for promoting national innovation strategies. This study uses the dynamic spatial Durbin model and mechanism tests to explore the direct impacts, spatial effects, and influencing mechanisms of R&D capital market distortions on IE based on Chinese provincial panel data from 2009 to 2019. The main results can be summarized as follows. First, China’s IE is characterized by temporal inertia and spatial agglomeration. In both the spatial and temporal dimensions, IE in neighboring areas in the previous period can inhibit local IE in the current period. Second, R&D capital market distortions have a weakening effect on IE in the short- and long-term. Third, R&D capital market distortions have significant spatial interaction and persistent positive spatial spillover effects on IE. Finally, R&D capital mismatch and technology lock-in effects are essential mechanisms related to R&D capital market distortions that can inhibit IE. Based on these results, policy recommendations have been proposed to improve IE.

How having job impact leads to employee innovative behavior: a moderated mediation model of servant leadership and work meaningfulness

PurposeProsocial job characteristics have received the least scholarly attention among the antecedents of employee innovative work behavior (IWB). Hence, antecedents' role remains largely unknown, especially in public sector organizations. Based on the relational job design theory, job characteristics theory (JCT) and public sector innovation literature, the authors examine whether job impact (JI) promotes public sector employees' IWB mediated by work meaningfulness (WM). This study also assesses whether servant leadership (SL) strengthens the influence of JI on IWB (via WM).Design/methodology/approachThe model was examined on a sample of 180 employee-supervisor dyads (90 supervisors and 180 employees) recruited from various government departments in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).FindingsThe finding supports the proposed moderated mediation model in which JI enhances IWB. The association between JI and innovative behavior via WM is found to be stronger under high SL behavior.Originality/valueThe authors' findings offer prescriptive insights into SL's crucial role in illustrating when and how JI promotes IWB and offer relevant managerial recommendations for encouraging public sector employees to demonstrate innovative behavior. The authors also provide empirical evidence on the significant contribution of a prosocial job characteristic, i.e. JI, to IWB. In addition to having theoretical and practical significance, the authors' study is aligned with the UAE National Innovation Strategy 2015.

Design and methods of the German monitoring of packaged food in the European context

Reformulation strategies to reduce the energy, salt, sugar, total fat, and saturated fat content of packaged food are one means to improve the food offer and facilitate healthier food choices. In Germany, the “National Reduction and Innovation Strategy for Sugar, Fats, and Salt”, which runs from 2019 to 2025, is guided by a yearly product monitoring of packaged food. The product monitoring focuses on food categories with a major contribution to dietary intake of sugar, total and saturated fat, and salt, and on products targeted at children. Nutrition labelling information taken from manufacturer's websites serves as the primary data source and is collected manually. Analyses include the current energy, salt, sugar, total fat, and saturated fat content as well as changes of energy and nutrient content over time on the level of food categories and subcategories. Monitoring results are presented on a yearly basis for the comprehensive product range and, for selected product categories, for top-selling products. Differences in data collection and evaluation methods and limited information about the approaches taken by others hamper the comparison with further national monitoring approaches in Europe. Ongoing research projects related to the German monitoring of packaged food seek to a) automate the German data collection and b) harmonize the monitoring across Europe.

Innovation ecosystem as a new form of organizational integrity and a mechanism for financing and reproducing innovations

The subject of the study is the factors, models and processes of the emergence and development of modern innovation ecosystems (IES) that ensure the flow of assets, their transformation into innovations, and distribution across the territories of economic growth. The purpose of the paper is to identify the factors and trends in the development of the IES, based on the practices of individual States and driving forces of the world. The methods of sampling, grouping, comparison, analogy, analysis, generalization, system-structural approach to assessing the development of the subject of research are used. The result of the study was the definition of IES as an open institutional mechanism for the reproduction of innovations, transforming the competitive market environment in the direction of the dominance of stable intersectoral network structures. The decisive role of IES in the chain “national innovation strategy → (start-ups + companies + state institutions) → IES → [new start-ups + deep-tech companies unicorns (hectocorns) + new level of quality of the competitive environment] → global competitive advantage of the State” is established. On the example of China, the prospects of formation a model of the national IES, focused on long-term development, technological selfsufficiency of the State and, at the same time, providing the possibility of expansion to new markets, are proved. The authors see the prospects for further research of the IES in Russia in a shift of emphasis from the “banking” nature of the IES towards the formation of large territorial centers of the location of the IES while maintaining strong institutional support of the State.

Which mode of governance for the innovation cities of Moroccan public universities?

AbstractThe project to create innovation cities is part of the national innovation strategy developed since 2009, and of Law No. 01.00 on the organization of higher education which allowed to adopt judicious programs relating to the valorization of research and innovation within the universities. Therefore, to promote the valorization of research and to make society benefit from its results, various initiatives have been initiated. These initiatives gave birth to the Innovation Cities project. This project was designed around the axes of governance, regulatory framework, infrastructure, financing, support, and talent mobilization. Nevertheless, despite the results obtained, in terms of innovation and valorization of scientific research and also in terms of development of the entrepreneurial culture, difficulties hinder the management and governance of these complex ecosystems. As a result, the expected objectives could not be reached. The problematic posed is to question the difficulties encountered which are more related to the lack of adequate governance mode for this kind of structures allowing them to be able to release energies and promote innovation. In which, we will, in the first step, identify the difficulties due to the lack of efficient governance, and in the second step, show the different possible scenarios, proposed within the framework of the European Erasmus+ INSITES project “Institutionalization of Innovation and Knowledge Transfer Structures,” in view of the requirement of the missions of the cities of innovation and of the regulation in force, to implement an enlightened, transparent and quality governance.

National innovation strategy: A brief contribution to its effectiveness from the perspective of technological capability accumulation

Resumo A acumulação de um conjunto de habilidades e recursos intensivos em conhecimento para mudar tecnologias existentes ou para criar novas tecnologias, ou seja, a capacidade tecnológica, em nível de empresas e indústrias, é um dos insumos vitais para a transição de países para níveis progressivamente mais elevados de desenvolvimento industrial e de renda per capita. Esse tema tem integrado a agenda governamental e empresarial de vários países que realizaram essa transição de maneira exitosa. Porém, as diversas políticas públicas de inovação implementadas no Brasil durante as últimas décadas, assim como os diferentes estudos e debates sobre os resultados limitados gerados por essas políticas, têm dispensado um tratamento limitado à acumulação de capacidade tecnológica de empresas e indústrias como uma das fontes primárias do aumento da taxa de inovação e do crescimento sustentado da economia. Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma base analítica no intuito de contribuir para a efetividade de uma estratégia nacional de inovação centrada na acumulação de capacidade tecnológica em nível de empresas e indústrias. Essa base analítica pode contribuir para a aferição do retorno das políticas de incentivo à inovação em termos de acumulação de capacidade tecnológica para inovações significativas.

ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ПАРАДИГМА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РОСТА

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the innovative paradigm of economic growth, highlighting key concepts and factors that drive innovation-driven economic development. The study delves into the significance of innovations, technological progress, and innovation policies in fostering economic growth and competitiveness. It explores national innovation systems, strategies, and technological trends that shape modern economies. The role of investments in research and development and the consideration of sustainable development, including social and environmental aspects of innovations, are discussed. The article also examines innovation clusters and the nexus between education and innovation. Additionally, it touches upon global technological trends that influence the innovation landscape. This comprehensive analysis underscores the pivotal role of innovation in shaping contemporary economies and offers insights for future research and policy implementation.

Estratégia nacional de inovação: uma breve contribuição para sua efetividade sob a perspectiva de acumulação de capacidade tecnológica

Abstract Technological capability refers to knowledge-intensive skills and resources to change existing technologies or to create new ones. The accumulation of such capability by companies and industries has been part of governments’ and businesses’ agendas as it is vital for countries’ industrial development and increase of per capita income. However, the various public innovation policies implemented in Brazil over the last few decades and the different studies and debates on their limited outcomes failed to address the accumulation of technological capabilities by companies and industries as one of the primary sources for the increase in the rate of innovation and the sustained growth of the economy. This article presents an analytical framework to contribute to the effectiveness of a national innovation strategy centred on the accumulation of technological capability at the level of companies and industries. This analytical framework can contribute to assessing the return on public innovation policies regarding the accumulation of technological capability to develop significant innovations.

Collegial Forms of Implementation of Directionality in National Innovation Strategies

The normative turn that occurred as a result of radical reforms in science, technology, and innovation policies in various countries has sparked a broad discussion around the “directionality-neutrality” dilemma in science, technology, and innovation (STI) development strategies. However, despite a number of recent publications and science and innovation policy programs, the relationship between these two principles, including the practice of their application by government agencies, remains understudied. A representative analysis (using qualitative methods) of the two national STI councils and their role in strategy development, focusing on the process of approach selection and its value orientation, will fill this gap. On the basis of the collected information and scientific literature, the connection with different policy options is identified. It is shown that the role of the councils is determined by their powers and resources and the boundaries of relevant practices and directions for further research are outlined.

Evaluation for Development Effect of Enterprise Innovation with Neural Network from Low-Carbon Economy

China has resolved to pay more and more attention to the sustainability of ecological construction and social development. The country has proposed a low-carbon economy policy; development and management of enterprises are also actively responding to the call for a low-carbon economy. Through a series of innovations and changes, it intends to realize its own low-carbon production and business development, thereby promoting transformation and optimization of industrial institutions. Innovation is a significant driving force of national economic development. In order to build China into an innovative country, there is a need of national innovation strategy and innovation system. The state vigorously promotes the implementation of innovation-driven development strategies. Enterprises are not only an important carrier for the state to implement mass entrepreneurship and innovation but also a powerful driving force for development of economy. There is a dire need and importance to identify techniques to evaluate impact of corporate innovation on development effects with low-carbon economy. Considering this aforementioned problem, random initialization parameters in back propagation network are used. This evaluation process can easily lead to the functioning of the model falling in the local optimum. The work designs an impact evaluation model (IGWO-BP) with improved gray wolf algorithm (IGWO) in order to optimize BP network. To improve optimization ability for GWO, the study uses the chaotic map to initialize the population. The nonlinear convergence factor strategy as well as dynamic weight strategy is used to promote GWO, so as to optimize initial weight as well as threshold point for the BP network. The IGWO-BP is applied to perform evaluation of the impact in case of enterprise innovation relevant to development effects with low-carbon economy.

Digital Health Solutions and State of Interoperability: Landscape Analysis of Sierra Leone.

BackgroundThe government and partners have invested heavily in the health information system (HIS) for service delivery, surveillance, reporting, and monitoring. Sierra Leone’s government launched its first digital health strategy in 2018. In 2019, a broader national innovation and digital strategy was launched. The health pillar direction will use big data and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve health care in general and maternal and child health in particular. Understanding the number, distribution, and interoperability of digital health solutions is crucial for successful implementation strategies.ObjectiveThis paper presents the state of digital health solutions in Sierra Leone and how these solutions currently interoperate. This study further presents opportunities for big data and AI applications.MethodsAll the district health management teams, all digital health implementing organizations, and a stratified sample of 72 (out of 1284) health facilities were purposefully selected from all health districts and surveyed.ResultsThe National Health Management Information System’s (NHMIS’s) aggregate reporting solution populated by health facility forms HF1 to HF9 was, by far, the most used tool. A health facility–based weekly aggregate electronic integrated disease surveillance and response solution was also widely used. Half of the health facilities had more than 2 digital health solutions in use. The different digital health software solutions do not share data among one another, though aggregate reporting data were sent as necessary. None of the respondents use any of the health care registries for patient, provider, health facility, or terminology identification.ConclusionsMany digital health solutions are currently used at health facilities in Sierra Leone. The government can leverage current investment in HIS from surveillance and reporting for using big data and AI for care. The vision of using big data for health care is achievable if stakeholders prioritize individualized and longitudinal patient data exchange using agreed use cases from national strategies. This study has shown evidence of distribution, types, and scale of digital health solutions in health facilities and opportunities for leveraging big data to fill critical gaps necessary to achieve the national digital health vision.