National Innovation Ecosystem Research Articles

Fostering Innovation in Romania. Insights from the Smart Specialization Strategies

Abstract Innovation has invariably been a precursor to development and competitiveness, while creating (at least temporary) barriers to differentiate between its leaders and its laggards. Although Europe is ranked the second most innovative region in the world, the EU faces a significant innovation divide, that is attenuating its footprint on the global competitiveness arena and weakening its mission of enhancing the wellbeing of all Europeans. The EU’s goal of the twin (green and digital) transition brings innovation (in its broadest sense) in the spotlight, while the EU Cohesion Policy (aiming to remedy the disparities between countries and regions) heavily relies on the smart specialization strategy as main methodology for reinforcing national and regional innovation eco-systems. In this context, the objectives of the paper are: (1) to explore Romania’s innovation performance (and profile over time) within the EU and identify the strengths and weaknesses of Romania’s innovation ecosystem – based on the analysis of the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS) data; (2) to examine and assess how Romania and its eight development regions address the innovation challenges through their smart specialization strategies 2021(2)-2027 – based on the content analysis of the (national and regional) S3s using QDA Miner v6.0.

Assessment of National Innovation Ecosystems of the EU Countries and Ukraine in the Interests of Their Sustainable Development

The purpose of the study is to reveal specific features of modern EU innovation policy in the context of its focus on sustainable European development and to conduct an assessment of the parameters of national innovation ecosystems of the EU member states with different innovation potential and Ukraine from the standpoint of their influence on the innovative development of countries worldwide. With the use of the correlation-regression analysis, the hypothesis of changing the parameters of national innovation ecosystems that affect the innovation of the EU member states and Ukraine in the global context depending on the level of their productivity and innovation potential was reiterated. The factors that have the greatest impact on the ranking of the countries in the Global Innovation Index, depending on which group the countries under study belong to according to the classification of the European Innovation Scoreboard, were identified. It was revealed that the set of such factors in each group of countries varies and has a different degree of influence on the level of their innovation development. Based on the results of the assessment, taking into account the need for a speedy post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, policy recommendations were made for Ukraine. Their implementation will ensure the systemic influence of the state on the national innovation ecosystem of the country.

National innovative ecosystem as a platform for the country’s social-economic development

Objective: to improve approaches to forming a strategy for the development of a national innovation system.Methods: the work uses a set of methods and approaches, such as the system economic theory, the space-time analysis andsynthesis.Results: the results of the implementation of the Strategy of Innovative Development of the Russian Federation until 2020 was analyzed, which enabled to formulate conclusions about the low efficiency of the results of its implementation. The essence of the national innovation ecosystem and the approaches to its formation were determined. The necessity of applying the ecosystem approach in the formation of the national innovation system is substantiated, recommendations on the system economic theory application in building an integrated national innovation ecosystem are presented. An approach to the organization of the national innovation system as a quadruple helix is proposed, which will ensure the connectivity of its components. The analysis of the possibilities of using digital technologies to develop innovative connections based on ecosystem principles is carried out.Scientific novelty: it consists in the application of systemic economic theory and ecosystem principles that allow taking into account the institutional and socio-economic conditions specific to Russia for the development of the national innovation system.Practical significance: the research results presented in the article can be used to create a strategy for the innovative development of the Russian Federation for the future, as well as for the development of the national innovation system as a whole.

TransformLegal fundamentals of infrastructure support of innovation processation of the principles of the legal regulation of the wage in modern conditions

Problem setting. Effective innovation activity and commercialization of its results is possible only with proper organizational and information-intermediary infrastructure support of the innovation process. The problem of creating a system of information and analytical support of scientific, technical and innovative activities in Ukraine in the formation of an innovative model of economy, which provides for a sustainable flow of effective innovation and transition of the entire domestic economy to knowledge-intensive technologies, is urgent and requires fundamentally new approaches to its development communication through the use of advanced information technology Target of research. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal basis of infrastructure support of the innovation process. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The research of many scientists is devoted to the organization of the innovation process, development of innovation infrastructure, intensification of innovation activities and commercialization of its results. Thus, S.V. Hlibko considered modern requirements for the development of the national innovation system, organizational and legal forms and functions of certain subjects of innovation. Problematic issues regarding organizational forms of technology transfer in the innovation process were analyzed in the studies of O.V. Rozghon. Iu. V. Georgiievskyi studied the features of public administration of the national innovation system of Ukraine from the standpoint of structural and functional approach. In addition, A. N. Liubchych assessed the activities of technology parks and determined their role in the national innovation system. However, insufficient attention is paid to the problems of infrastructural support of the innovation process, which actualizes these issues. Article’s main body. Today, the organizational support of innovation and the intermediary component of information support are left out of consideration. It should be noted that information support of innovation can be considered as a set of legal, timely, effective, purposeful and secure processes of collection, perception, storage, processing, transmission, provision, receipt and use of relevant information to solve problems of legal regulation of innovation .It should be agreed that today there are ample opportunities for the emergence of new types of intermediaries that provide infrastructure for modern business models, while further efforts should be focused on researching intermediaries in the market of information and information products, so information requires significant efforts its collection, processing and storage, which creates ample opportunities for intermediary enterprises, but also requires consideration of the characteristics of the information product. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Issues of legal support of the innovation process are extremely relevant and require scientific disclosure. Thus, given the importance of building a national innovation ecosystem and infrastructure support of the innovation process, it is appropriate at the present stage of development to improve the regulatory framework for organizational and information-mediation infrastructure support of innovation, legislative regulation of innovation market intermediaries, monitoring of information resources and information resources, communication networks among research institutions in order to promote effective innovation and commercialization of its results.

Impact of FDI and Its Absorption Capacity on the National Innovation Ecosystems: Evidence from the Largest FDI Recipient Countries of the World

Foreign direct investment (FDI) improves economic growth by stimulating native investment, facilitating technology transfers in the recipient country and increasing human capital development, thus playing a vital role in economic development. On the other hand, innovation is also considered one of the major drivers for the economic growth of a country. This study empirically investigates the impact of FDI and its absorption capacity on the national innovation system of the world’s top five largest FDI recipient countries for the period of 1990–2016. Using two-stage analysis (DEA and Tobit regression), we found that research and development expenditures, researchers in the host country and the number of patents, trademark and industrial design applications are positive drivers of the national innovation systems. Moreover, the FDI inflows positively impact the innovation efficiency in the host countries. However, the strength of this relationship depends on the availability of the absorption capacity of FDI in the host country. The result shows that the global financial crisis and inflation negatively impact the FDI inflows and innovation efficiency in the sample countries. It concludes that FDI inflows and the country’s strength of domestic absorption capacity are essential drivers for developing national innovation ecosystems.JEL Codes: F1, F4, G10, M21

Experience of European Clusters in Transsectoral Internationalization

This article discusses the importance of clusters in the modern economy as drivers of economic development, innovation, export, and better integration into international chains. The innovation cluster is a key element of the national (regional) innovation ecosystem, and the INNO Industry project aims to improve innovation development policies by involving clusters in Industry 4.0. The European Cluster Collaboration Platform is the main information tool for businesses in EU countries, offering opportunities for strengthening the European economy through the cooperation of industry cluster ecosystems. This platform allows any cluster initiative to be registered as a cluster organization, participant, or European cluster partnership, making it easy to find business partners for each country, region, sector or industrial ecosystem. Discusses the factors that affect the competitiveness of a cluster, which can be categorized as internal and external. The internal factors include material and technical support of production, management tactics and strategy, innovation, pricing policy, competitiveness of products, labor resources, employee motivation, and modern information technologies. On the other hand, external factors include market conditions, logistics infrastructure development, social, environmental, scientific, technical factors, and labor market situations. The abstract also highlights the stable or long-term objective factors such as geographic concentration, climatic conditions, availability of natural resources, regional and national characteristics that can influence the competitiveness but cannot increase it by themselves. Understanding and managing these factors can help improve the competitiveness of a cluster.

Comments and Suggestions to the Draft Law of Ukraine “On the Support and Development of Innovative Activity”

The proposals of the specialists of the Institute of Industrial Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine were prepared within the framework of public discussion of the draft Law of Ukraine “On the Support and Development of Innovative Activity” proposed by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine on October 13, 2021, on the official website (link: https://mon.gov.ua/ru/news/gromadske-obgovorennya-zakonoprojekt-shodo-pidtrimki-ta-rozvitku-innovacijnoyi-diyalnostifbclid=IwAR1TZx8pjHrpYmKglHDqRSPgSiLNumPKwx0NWXRstPleZxW4) Proposals for the revision and improvement of the draft Law of Ukraine “On the Support and Development of Innovative Activity” are substantiated in terms of supplementing and editing its articles, eliminating contradictions with other normative legal acts of Ukraine. The proposals relate to the clarification of the definition of terms (Article 1), the powers of the legislative and executive authorities in the field of innovation (Articles 3-13), elements of the innovation infrastructure (Articles 14, 17-18), the concept, principles, goals, and objectives of the implementation of state policy in the field of innovation (Articles 24, 25), the foundations, principles, and methods of state support for innovation (Articles 28, 29). These proposals are aimed at improving the institutional support for the development of innovative activities and the formation of an effective national innovation ecosystem in Ukraine. Certain comments and suggestions were taken into account by the Directorate of Science and Innovation of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine when finalizing the above-mentioned draft law and made public on the official website at the link: https://mon.gov.ua/storage/app/media/gromadske-obgovorennya/2021/11/11/Zvit.HO.proyekt.ZU-Pro.pidtr.rozv.innovats.diyal.11.11.pdf.

UKRAINE’S EUROPEAN INTEGRATION IN THE FIELD OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION: STATE, CHALLENGES, ACCELERATION MEASURES

Unprecedented complexity of the modern challenges requires the international community to strengthen cooperation in science, technology and innovation to better seize the opportunities and reap the benefits of the new reality, as well as search for new solutions to problems humanity is faced with. The paper investigates the influence of European integration on the economy and innovation ecosystem of Ukraine. It is established that the innovative component of the national economy has contracted over 2015-2020. With each year, it is becoming more primitive and de-industrialized, which necessitates a revision of the Association Agreement with the EU aimed at enhancing its positive impact on innovation processes in the national economy. Conducted analysis allows for comparisons between Ukraine’s involvement in the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, which remains low, and that of EU member states and other associated members. Ukraine’s predicament is explained by, among other reasons, a weak national innovation ecosystem and a lack of close contact and professional ties between Ukrainian institutions and their European counterparts. The paper offers suggested solutions to these problems, namely a set of organizational and institutional measures that will broaden Ukraine’s access to EU funding and accelerate integration into European Research Area. The author emphasizes the need for planned systemic reforms in order to overcome the structural weakness of the national economy. «Natural» development of science and technology, revitalization of the industries though introduction of latest technologies, preservation and balanced development of human capital will all ensure Ukraine’s advancement through development of a competitive high-technology economy.

Cooperative Evolution of China’s Excellent Innovative Research Groups from the Perspective of Innovation Ecosystem: Taking an “Environmental Biogeochemistry” Research Innovation Group as a Case Study

Research, understanding, and prediction of complex systems is an important starting point for human beings to tackle major problems and emergencies such as global warming and COVID-19. Research on innovation ecosystem is an important part of research on complex systems. With the rapid development of sophisticated industries, the rise of innovative countries, and the newly developed innovation theory, innovation ecosystem has become a new explanation and new paradigm for adapting to today’s global innovation cooperation network and the scientific development of complex systems, which is also in line with China’s concept of building an innovative country and promoting comprehensive innovation and international cooperation with scientific and technological innovation as the core. The Innovative Research Group at Peking University is the most representative scientific and technological innovation team in the frontier field of basic research in China. The characteristics of its organization mechanism and dynamic evolution connotation are consistent with the characteristics and evolution of innovation ecosystem. An excellent innovative research group is regarded as a small innovation ecosystem. We selected the “Environmental Biogeochemistry” Innovation Research Group at Peking University as a typical case in order to understand and analyze the evolution of cooperation among scientific and technological innovation teams, improve the healthy development as well as internal and external governance of this special small innovation ecosystem, promote the expansion of an innovation team cooperation network and the improvement of cooperation quality, promote the linkage supports of funding and management departments, and improve their scientific and technological governance abilities. Through scientometrics, visual analysis of knowledge maps, and an exploratory case study, we study the evolution process and development law of team cooperation. It is found that the main node authors of the cooperation network maintain strong cooperation frequency and centrality, and gradually strengthen with the expansion of the cooperation network and the evolution of time. Driven by the internal cooperative governance of the team and the external governance of the funding and management departments, this group has gradually formed a healthy, orderly, open, and cooperative special innovation ecosystem, which is conducive to the stability and sustainable development of the national innovation ecosystem and the global innovation ecosystem.

STARTUP AS A STRATEGIC COMPONENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CREATIVE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

Abstract. The radical changes that took place at the end of the last century contributed to the emergence of a creative economy. Unlike previous economies, in which the main factors of production were production capacity, land and labor, the basis for the development of the creative economy was the creative potential of man.
 The current economic situation in Ukraine faces many challenges that need to be confronted with viable solutions. The occupation of Crimea cost Ukraine 3.6% of GDP, and the occupied territories of Donbass cost another 15% of GDP and 25% of all Ukrainian industry. In addition, many industries and factories in Ukraine are physically and morally obsolete and require large capital investments.
 These problems, which, as the experience of Ukraine shows, are not solved by traditional tools, force us to look for non-standard ways to solve them. Such approaches are offered by the creative economy.To assess the opportunities provided to Ukraine by the development of the national creative economy, the article considers the positive effects of the creative economy as evidenced by the successful experience of other countries. Such effects are the formation of creative human capital, increasing incomes, increasing tolerance, the revival of depressed regions.
 However, the realization of these positive effects is possible provided that there are components of the creative economy in Ukraine. Research by Ukrainian scientists proves that in Ukraine there are the main features of the creative economy, namely: creative industries; creative class as a basis of the creative lever of development of creative economy; young, creative, ambitious entrepreneurs — startups. A key factor in the development of the creative economy is creative human capital, an essential component of which are entrepreneurs — innovators who establish startups to implement their ideas.
 Analyzing the various definitions of the category «startup», the authors concluded that the most acceptable is one that reflects the fundamental difference between startups and other businesses, namely: a startup is a business structure based on revolutionary innovations, the purpose of which is to solve a specific problem presentation of a new product or service in conditions of extreme uncertainty.
 Taking into account the innovative nature of startups, their impact on the creation and development of creative industries and the creative economy in general allowed the authors to conclude that startups are a strategically important component of the development of the creative economy.
 Research has shown that the Ukrainian startup ecosystem has good potential for development. However, the Government of Ukraine is not yet paying due attention to the development of the ecosystem for the successful creation and operation of domestic startups.
 Only in the last few years has Ukraine begun to support innovative products at the state level. Examples of such support are the creation of the Invention Support Fund of the Ministry of Economic Development and the Ukrainian Startup Fund.
 In addition, according to the strategy for the development of innovation for the period up to 2030, startups are a structural part of the national innovation ecosystem.
 However, intensive long-term work is needed to create an effective startup support ecosystem. Even with large investments and the desire to replicate the successful ecosystems of Silicon Valley or New York, it is very difficult, because their infrastructure was formed over 30 years.
 Keywords: creative economy, positive effects, creative human capital, startup, ecosystem of startups.
 JEL Classification М11
 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 14.

A Systems Perspective in Examining Industry Clusters: Case Studies of Clusters in Russia and India

This article explores an examination of industry clusters from a systems perspective. We analyze Russia’s pharmaceutical clusters and India’s automobile clusters in terms of the systems concepts of holism, emergence, and open systems. We further consider the aspects of human capital investment and the availability of professional labor, infrastructure, private–public sector collaboration, support for funding and commercialization, as well as innovation corporate culture, when examining the institutional pillars supporting the development and growth of industry clusters within the national innovation ecosystems. The findings illustrate how industry clusters can be viewed from a systems perspective. We also highlight how the institutional pillars underpinning national innovation ecosystems can be applied to an industry cluster level, particularly in emerging countries. The article provides implications for theory and practice in the application of a systems perspective as a way to foster industry cluster innovation and promote a more effective national innovation ecosystem.

The hidden risks of incumbent open innovation: A reappraisal of the US national innovation ecosystem

Innovation scholars over the years have highlighted several benefits of using a more Open Innovation (OI) approach to commercialize industrial R&D. In this study, however, we ask if there are any systemic risks incurred when incumbent R&D organizations use OI without considering its long-run societal and economic implications? Our answer is yes. Specifically, we assert that OI practices have a strong potential to jeopardize sustainable technical change at the level of the national innovation system in the imminent future. We use a historical case study of the US ecosystem to highlight three types of social costs incurred on the national innovation system through incumbent OI, and three key social benefits the entrepreneurial network state exerts over the ecosystem that are equally important for OI. We document how the most recent wave of industrial R&D also corresponds with a techno-economic paradigm that increases the rate of invention but skews the direction of innovation towards short-term profits. As such, a key insight of this study is that unless technology managers embrace a more long-term stakeholder orientation, OI will continue to lead to externalizing the riskiest aspects of R&D to the taxpayers, while privatizing the rewards for industrial R&D executives and shareholders at the expense of what is best for society. A number of implications follow for public policy to create a more stakeholder friendly national innovation system.

Innovation ecosystems of Ukraine: a conceptual framework for development in the conditions of glocalization and eurointegration

The paper is devoted to development of theoretical and methodological foundations, conceptual provisions and practical recommendations for the development of innovation ecosystems of Ukraine. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept of innovation ecosystem as a result of the development of innovation theory are improved; the interconnection between glocalization of the world economy and the development of innovation processes is revealed. The research revealed the leading role of industry in the development of innovation ecosystems. Scientific and methodical approach for assessment of innovation activities in industry was developed; analysis and assessment of innovation processes in industry was carried out on the basis of proposed approaches in the context of industries and regions. The necessity of neo- industrialization of the economy is substantiated as a condition for the development of the national innovation ecosystem of Ukraine. Obstacles on the way to neo-industrialization and development of national innovation ecosystem are identified and characterized, the proposals for overcoming them have been developed. Systematization of the institutional foundations, the state and problems of European integration of Ukraine in scientific, technical and innovation sphere has been carried out; the directions of strengthening of Ukrainian participation in the European research area were revealed. A conceptual approach to the development of national innovation ecosystem of Ukraine in accordance with the requirements of the European NUTS classification was proposed; a conceptual model of Ukrainian innovation ecosystems was developed. The proposals for the institutional support of the formation of regional innovation ecosystems of Ukraine at the level of economic regions are substantiated. The scientific and methodological approach to the formation of special economic zones as stimulating regulatory regimes aimed at the development of innovation ecosystems was improved.

Does venture capital help to promote open innovation practice? Evidence from China

PurposeThe study aims to empirically study the effect of venture capital on open innovation of China's enterprises.Design/methodology/approachThis paper selects China's A-share listed companies on the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) board and the Growth Enterprise Market from 2014 to 2018 as research samples to empirically study the effect of venture capital on open innovation of China's enterprises.FindingsThe authors find that venture capital can significantly promote open innovation of enterprises. This promoting effect is more significant when the venture capital institutions have profounder industry experience, higher shareholding ratio and are syndicated. Further research finds that venture capital mainly promotes open innovation through three mechanisms: increasing monetary funds, improving absorptive capacity and strengthening executive incentives, and the effect of venture capital on open innovation is significantly different under the conditions of different regions, industries and property rights.Originality/valueThis paper not only reveals the effect of venture capital on enterprises' open innovation and the specific mechanism, but also provides empirical evidence for emerging economies to build a national innovation ecosystem and make use of capital markets to accelerate innovation strategies.

Configuration Paths to Efficient National Innovation Ecosystems

Efficient National Innovation Ecosystems (NIEs) create appropriate conditions for the generation of new knowledge, collaboration, and innovation, which are key determinants of countries’ economic growth and competitiveness in the era of a globalized, knowledge-based economy. Prior studies have therefore focused on measuring both the efficiency of NIEs and key attributes occurring within them. This has led to the assessment of countries in terms of their ability to effectively convert inputs into outputs and has provided a benchmark for less successful economies and their NIEs by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and its modifications. However, while these methods have measured the efficiency of individual economic entities, they do not show how to achieve this efficiency. Therefore, we propose a novel, hybrid two-step model combining DEA and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. This enables us to examine the relationships between all possible combinations of inputs and outputs within the NIEs of OECD countries and to identify configuration paths showing how to achieve effective outputs in terms of cooperation, knowledge creation, and innovation. We also show that countries could benefit from multiplication and crowding-in effects emerging from combinations of different R&D expenditures rather than from one financial source.

Стратегічні комунікації в науково-інформаційному процесі сучасності

The article considers the peculiarities of the use of strategic information communications in the development of domestic science, in the formation of the national innovation ecosystem and the sphere of innovation for the period up to 2030, the growing importance of these tools for managing the use of domestic science in social practice.

THE ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN THE INTEGRATION OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND BUSINESS

Integration of science, education and business is a driver of economic competitiveness in the context of globalization and building an effective national innovation ecosystem. Project management is considered one of the main tools for improving the efficiency of commercialization projects that are the result of successful integration. The study aims to assess the relationship between project management and performance indicators of integration of science, education and business in the face of commercialization projects. The results of the study revealed that intensive use of the above processes increases the efficiency of projects. Moreover, critical processes were identified that positively affect the timing and cost of commercialization projects. Integration of science, education and business is an effective tool for sustainable development and competitiveness of States in the context of globalization and the formation of a knowledge-based economy and the construction of an effective national innovation ecosystem.

IMPLEMENTATION OF TAX INNOVATIONS FOR UKRAINIAN STARTUPS

In recent decades one of the forms of small innovative entrepreneurship has become more widespread in the world – a startup. In order to stimulate the development of this industry, one of the priority areas of reforms is to create favorable tax conditions for startups. Сreating such conditions will be a direct way to attract investment in the national economy, both foreign and domestic. Such conditions will also contribute to the growth of gross domestic product and living standards of the population of a country. Startups today are developing small businesses in different countries. Large companies grow from them with potential for the future and competing products at the global level. Foreign experience shows that the application of simplified tax regimes is an important component in improving ecosystems for startups in any country. Ukraine has developed and implemented until 2030 the Strategy for the development of innovation, where startups are considered a structural part of the national innovation ecosystem. Within the framework of this Strategy was created a special legal and tax regime Diia City for IT companies and startups. That is why studying issues related to the conditions for the creation and operation of startups, their taxation, choosing a system that will reduce the tax burden, are relevant for the development of all innovative entrepreneurship. The article investigates acting taxation systems for startups in Ukraine and problems that arise in the application of the general and simplified taxation system and the new for Ukraine tax regime Diia City. The authors consider the key issues concerning the selection criteria for startups in the tax system which will allow them to reduce the tax burden. The article identifies a list of issues that need government support to improve the innovation ecosystem for startups in Ukraine.

Financial framework of technological and innovative development: global and Ukrainian trends

The article addresses the substantiation of the role of the financial framework in the innovative and technological development of the country and the possibilities of exporting high-tech products. Modern manifestations of a new innovative and technological development paradigm are outlined. The article emphasizes that today the high-tech sector is an important factor in the development of the global economy and economic systems of some countries, which is becoming especially important for Ukraine. The analysis of development trends in the export of high-tech products in the world market is carried out. The approaches used by the states to map the strategies of innovative and technological development are proven. The typology of innovative strategies of the global technology market entities depending on the influence of internal and external factors, goals and opportunities is revealed. The importance of the state policy in the process of transition to a high-tech innovative economy is emphasized. Dynamic series of the share of research and development expenditures in GDP for the EU and Ukraine in 2010-2020 are constructed. An econometric model of the dependence of high-tech exports of Ukraine on research and development expenditures is developed. As a result, the positive impact of increasing research and development costs on the growth of high-tech exports is established. The role of the "2030 Strategy for Innovation Development" approved in Ukraine in the development of the national innovation ecosystem is revealed. The project "2050 Strategy for the High-Tech Industry Development" in Ukraine is considered. The main problems of financial denial of innovative and technological development in Ukraine are highlighted. The necessity of finding a model focused on changes in the existing structure of investment, primarily in the direction of funding sources differentiation for research and development, is emphasized.

THEORETICAL GROUNDS FOR ACTIVATION ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION DIFFUSION IN IMPLEMENTATION OF EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA

Topicality.The current stage of society development has a clear innovation orientation. The European scientific community is well aware that the complex problems of innovation cannot be solved in a single country. We need to combine efforts in science, education and business. This is how the European Research Area (ERA) exists and develops. The ERA initiative is actively developing and its development is projected until 2030 under various dynamic scenarios. Ukraine faces the task of finding its "ecological niche" in this quasi-global "innovation ecosystem", building its national innovation ecosystem. Aim and tasks. The purpose of this work is to form a methodological and theoretical and methodological apparatus for the development of innovation ecosystems in the transformation of quasi-global innovation policy. Research results. EU Member States, other countries involved and stakeholders have made significant progress based on an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of European research systems and the common goal of achieving lasting change in the results and effectiveness of European research. The priorities of the European Research Area are: more effective national research systems, including increased competition within national borders and sustainable or greater investment in research; optimal transnational cooperation and competition; identification and implementation of joint research programs on the biggest challenges, quality improvement through pan-European open competition, as well as the creation and effective management of key research infrastructures on a pan-European basis; creation of an open labor market for researchers - removal of obstacles to the mobility of researchers, their training and career development; gender equality and gender mainstreaming in research; optimal dissemination, access to scientific knowledge and their transfer, including through the digital ERA. The scheme of the National Innovation Ecosystem presented by us has a number of new conceptual approaches that use "ecological" elements of the scientific apparatus. In particular, ecosystem functions are more harmoniously represented: by fertilization, synthesis and adsorption of innovations and diffusion of innovations. The proposed classification of innovative players is also proposed: issuers, producers and consumers - corresponds to the concept of innovative ecosystem and harmoniously combines actors of nature management. Conclusion. As in Ukraine today, stakeholders have not had the opportunity to “apply innovation in practice” and gain experience. Therefore, it may be appropriate to link the Ukrainian innovation ecosystem at a very early stage with EU countries. The priority is not only to join Ukrainian universities and research institutions to their international counterparts, but also to train Ukrainian innovation companies on how to operate in international innovation markets. In the international context, Ukrainian firms will be required to develop and improve high-quality innovative products. The formation of new research structures, mobilization of research and innovation activities required by the Green European Deal requires the activation of the national innovation ecosystem, the core of which should be a pool of scientists and research infrastructure of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.