National History Research Articles

Zohra Begum Kazi: Pioneering Bengali female doctor and nationalist representation.

This paper aims to elucidate a comprehensive biographical account of Zohra Begum Kazi, the pioneering Bengali female doctor in Bangladesh. Her professional journey commenced during the British colonial time, achieved prominence during the era of Pakistan, and ultimately reached the pinnacle of her life's accomplishments in the independent Bangladesh. Despite her distinguished medical career, her life was significantly shaped by sundry historical discourses, endowing her with the attributes of a philanthropist, a revolutionist, and a nationalist. This study seeks to assess her multifaceted contributions in three distinct dimensions: firstly, her role as a medical doctor; secondly, her engagement in the nationalist movement, and thirdly, her intellectual influence as a moral and social philosopher. Through this multifaceted analysis, we aim to consign her within the annals of Bangladesh's national history as the leading Bengali female doctor.

Constancy and Breakthrough as Opposing Vectors of Empire Construction

In the present article the author addresses the issue of the correlation of the principles of constancy and breakthrough as dominant temperamental features of Russian pre-revolutionary and Soviet societies. Stating the formation in society of the attitude to the perception of national history in the unity of all its constituent historical periods, he draws attention to the need to realize their distinctive singularity, which makes it possible to understand the patterns of their change and comprehension of the qualities that make up their historical advantages and successes. From this point of view, the main difference between the Soviet society and the pre-revolutionary one is seen in the fact that the pre-revolutionary represented a kind of civilization and an empire of Permanence, whereas the Soviet, in contrast to it, was a civilization and an empire of Breakthrough. Attention is drawn to the fact that the preservation of the achievements accumulated during the Soviet period should be considered, fi rst of all, not as the preservation of its “Treasures” and riches, but as the preservation of the “Capital” of the Soviet era, in other words, such qualities of society that are capable of producing wealth, and in their functioning constantly expanded and reproduce them

Russian and Soviet in the Civilizational Space of Russia as the Basis of National-Imperial Synergy

The predominance of the principle of historical unity over the historical gap within the framework of methodological schemes of genetic information and genetic breeding in the understanding of national history assumes the assessment of the Soviet era as the key link in understanding historical integrity, and the concepts of empire and the national state as a context. The article proves the validity of the defi nition of both monarchical and Soviet Russia as an «inverse empire» with an instrumental and pragmatic attitude of the government towards the state-forming people. Artifi cial contrasting of imperial and national aspect in the framework of the stable policy of suppressing the national awareness by the state, contributes to the fi nal destruction of Russian cultural identity, while the successive development of Russia is possible on the basis of the synthesis of imperial and national forms of statehood

Тенденции и противоречия современного семейного воспитания в Российской Федерации: ценностно-смысловой аспект

The article presents the priority directions for the development of family education in the Russian Federation, taking into account the modern socio-cultural reality. The problematic trends that caused the crisis phenomena in the sphere of state family policy in Russia are analyzed. The discussion issues discussed during monitoring studies by various sociological platforms on the problems of the family institute are considered. The thesis is put forward about the need to enrich the family education system with value-semantic, human-centered content through the development of civil society institutions whose activities are aimed at popularizing traditional values and norms. Conclusion dwells upon the necessity and significance of developing prognostic, multidimensional studies as part of strengthening the structure of the school educational segment related to the transmission of knowledge about humanistic, universal values of native history and culture; organization of the Public Council for discussing problems and developing the foundations of educational and moral values of youth, including generalization of the best practices of family education and their replication in the subjects of the Russian Fed-eration.

Рокыя Мөхәммәдиш татар хатын-кызларының милләт тормышындагы роле турында

The article analyses the views of a prominent representative of the Tatar emigration, teacher, journalist, and public figure Rukiya Mukhammadish on the Tatar woman and her role in the fate of the people. The work is accompanied by a publication written by Rukiya Mukhammadish in the newspaper “Milli Bayraq”, which was published in Mukden, Manchuria in 1935–1945. The publication made a considerable contribution to the enlightenment and the cultivation of national identity among the Tatars in the Far East. The presented source is dedicated to highlighting the role of the Tatar woman in the national education, life and history of the people in various periods of its existence. In the article “Woman in the Life of Our Nation”, R. Mukhammadish sets a goal to show the place of women in the family, in the life of the people and the state, and gives examples from various historical sources. According to the author, the position of women in the Turkic society was quite free; they were distinguished by their courage, determination and participated in solving not only family but also state-related issues. Women of the Golden Horde participated in the government affairs; in the Kazan Khanate, they ruled the country. The upbringing of mothers and Abystays helped to preserve Islam, their native language, and folk traditions. Thus, women fulfilled their responsibilities not only to their family, but also to the people and the country. The purpose of the presented article is to raise the national self-awareness (“milli barlyk”) of Tatar emigrants and disseminate historical knowledge among them. The relevance of documents of this nature lies in the fact that they are valuable sources for studying the life and features of the development of social and pedagogical thought of the Mukhadzhir Tatars.

Историческая память как категория конституционного права

Introduction. Historical memory is an integral part of national identity and defines the core values and principles of life in society. Legal norms in the text of the Constitution of Russia that consolidate the concept of historical development of the Russian state and establish new obligations of the state to honor the memory of defenders of the Fatherland, to ensure the protection of historical truth and to prevent belittling the significance of the people’s feat in defense of the Fatherland allow us to talk about the formation of a new category in the constitutional law – the category of historical memory. Theoretical analysis. General theoretical understanding of legal categories allows us to highlight such features as abstraction, universality, generality, objectivity, content, consistency. All these qualities are inherent in constitutional categories; their features also include a high degree of axiology and fundamental character, which, due to the properties of the Constitution as a basic political and legal act, define the relationship between the state, an individual and society as a whole. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the formation of national memory in pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods shows that the concept of historical memory was commonly ideological in nature. The concept of national history was absent in Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted on December 12, 1993. The 2020 Amendments to the Constitution were also intended to correct this gap and include provisions aimed at creating the concept of historical memory Results. The concept of historical memory, as it is presented in the current version of the Constitution, is aimed at: establishing the idea of continuity in the development of the Russian state; justification for unity of the state, formed as a result of a thousand-year history; conditionality of spiritual and moral values by tradition; indication of the special role of the state in protecting historical memory.

НОВАЯ СТРАНИЦА В УЧЕБНИКЕ «ИСТОРИИ МЕДИЦИНЫ»: «ДОЛГ» И «ГЕРОИЗМ», КАК ДОМИНАНТНЫЕ ЭТИЧЕСКИЕ КАТЕГОРИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГЕРОИЗМА РОССИЙСКИХ ВРАЧЕЙ В ЗОНЕ СВО НА УКРАИНЕ)

In education, the task is to create new, relevant textbooks on National history this also applies to textbooks on the "History of Medicine" and "Bioethics". The importance of the basic ethical categories (duty, responsibility, honor, justice, humanism, mercy, compassion) in medical deontology remains important, especially the question of the real implementation of these principles in the daily work of a doctor. The problem has become especially relevant in connection with the implementation of the SVO in Ukraine. Here the ethical categories of "duty" and "heroism" find an organic synthesis. The purpose of the study: To consider the deontological concepts of "duty" and "heroism" in the socio-historical aspect on the examples of the actions of Russian doctors in the SVO zone in Ukraine. New: In this work, for the first time in a scientific article, the principles of "medical duty" and "heroism of doctors" are analyzed based on the specifics of the SVO (Special Military Operation) in Ukraine, the study is based on media materials (TV, Internet, Russian newspapers). Thus, materials are offered for the creation of a new textbook on the "History of Medicine". The research methods used in writing the article: the principle of historicism allows us to consider events in development; - dialectics is a kind of discourse in understanding human behavior in an extreme situation; - hermeneutic analysis, consideration of categories in the context of events; sociological method – the study analyzes modern media. The current socio-political situation has contributed to the manifestation of the best qualities of the doctor's personality in special conditions. So, the biography of an ordinary person-a doctor, in fact, becomes a history textbook! The events in the SVO zone in Ukraine are a new page in National history, including in the history of medicine.

The Politics of (Historical) Love: On Patriotism, National History and the Annexation of Crimea

This article shows how the presumed historical importance of ‘unification’ with Crimea ensured Russian public support for its annexation. Based on the analysis of patriotic discourse in Russia, I show how within its frame the terms ‘People’, ‘Russia’ and ‘Motherland’ correspond to sacred non-human beings. The ontological gap between them and humans is mediated by means of national history: created by human subjects, history ultimately belongs to the Russian nation. In this context, loving Russia means ensuring the greatness of Russian history. The historical significance of the annexation made it patriotic, and hence, a desirable course of action.

Политико-правовые принципы борьбы с фальсификацией истории (на примере битвы за Кавказ)

The article is devoted to countering the falsification of the national history of the state and law, in particular the Great Patriotic War on the example of the battle for the Caucasus. This topic still needs careful study, as new facts about it appear, and modern events are largely due to the events of those years. This makes it possible to reveal the interdependence of the domestic and foreign policy of our country and to debunk fabrications aimed at rehabilitating Nazism and belittling the role of the Soviet Union and its peoples in achieving victory in World War II. The author proposes, using the legal potential of the amendment made to the text of our Constitution - Art. 67.1, in the name of ensuring the protection of historical truth, not to allow the significance of the feat of the people in the defense of the Fatherland to be diminished and in this matter for legal purposes to use the possibilities of sanctions of Art. 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation to those who deny the facts established by the verdict of the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg and spread false information about the Great Patriotic War, its events and its characters.

Дальневосточные награды в государственно-правовом статусе российской правящей династии

The article examines the place of awards of the countries of the Far East in the state-legal status of the Russian imperial family. In addition, attention is paid to the national history of the Far Eastern foreign policy.

The role of local history in strengthening national identity in the era of society 5.0

National identity is a crucial element in building unity within a country, and history plays a central role in shaping that identity. However, sometimes the focus on national history can overlook local cultural roots and heritage that are integral to the larger national identity. An Merdeka curriculum that incorporates local history is an important instrument in linking national history with local cultural roots. Although the challenges of integrating local history are many, the resulting benefits, including an appreciation of cultural diversity, local pride, and a deeper understanding of national identity, provide a strong basis for continuing this endeavor. The type of research used is qualitative. The results of this study show the importance of local history in reinforcing national identity. The integration of local history in the curriculum not only deepens students' knowledge, but also provides a stronger foundation for shaping a national identity that is inclusive, values diversity, and strengthens the bond between local and national identity.

DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTAL AND PERFORMING ARTS IN UKRAINE

The study of the development of the national instrumental and performing arts is conditioned by the necessity of modern scientific comprehension of the history of Ukrainian music, a deeper understanding of the poorly studied pages of national musical history. The purpose of the present research is a comprehensive analysis of the historical development of instrumental and performing arts from ancient times to the present, in the context of synergy with the academicization and formation of genre and style specificity of the original repertoire. The phased development of instrumental and performing arts from ancient times to the contemporary period has been described. The features of the process of academicization of folk-instrumental art of Ukraine have been analyzed; the social-cultural evolutionary basis in the historical and chronological context has been identified. The basic stages of the formation of Ukrainian folk-instrumental performance have been highlighted. Its position as an optimal form of national art that shapes Ukrainian music as an original phenomenon and as an integral part of European culture has been emphasized.

Black Heritage in the National Register: The Williams Avenue YWCA in Portland, Oregon

This paper examines the nomination of the Williams Avenue YWCA in Portland, Oregon, in the National Register of Historic Places as a crucial event in recognizing and preserving Black heritage within American national history. Our analytical framework combines Black geography and multilevel governance theory (MLG) to examine documents used for the nomination process. We unpack the historic significance of the Williams, illustrating its multifaceted role in Portland's African American community and emphasizing the role of various private and public actors in the nomination process. This analysis reveals that cities play a crucial role in protecting local history and highlights the importance of nurturing connections between cities and other levels of government. Moreover, it illustrates how the documents used for the nomination process are a tool for racial equity and it shows how historic preservation contributes to a more inclusive understanding of cities by celebrating their local, diverse, and pluralistic pasts.

Architectural And Design Concept In The Historical Museum National

The National History Museum (MSN), situated beneath the National Monument in Jakarta, is a vital cultural institution displaying 51 dioramas depicting Indonesia's history. This research, utilizing qualitative methods and SWOT analysis, explores the museum's architecture, historical representation, and strategic positioning. The results highlight the integration with the monument, the use of marble, and the significance of the Independence Space. The SWOT analysis identifies strengths (cultural heritage), weaknesses (limited amenities), opportunities (increased interest), and threats (competition and potential damage). The study concludes that developing MSN as a tourist destination is crucial, suggesting comprehensive research, optimized asset utilization, and alternative promotional strategies for increased visitation.

Getting out of history: Levitation and paralysis in Sebald and Nabokov

Abstract Nabokov and Sebald confronted the dark sides of their national histories and tried to exempt themselves from them. Nabokov liberated himself from its burden by escaping into levitation, whereas Sebald’s willing exposure to its consequences ended in paralysis. Nabokov appears in his Emigrants as the equivocal figure of the ‘butterfly man’ who is simultaneously mobilizing and immobilizing. This is like the Russian writer himself, who used to adopt butterflies’ metamorphoses as a writer and paralyze them as a lepidopterist. Contrary to him, Sebald was horrified by their immobilization and sincerely empathized with them. Eluding the detached position of an ultimate authority and making his author deeply attached to all kinds of ‘nocturnal’ creatures, he created an unreliable but indispensable narrative agency. If Nabokov was at pains to deaden the uneasy memories of his past in order to relieve the present of their contamination, Sebald took the other way around, adhering to the most painful of them in order to enlighten their subterranean existence. He was committed to manifest these deeply buried remnants via his protagonists and narrators, however this amounted to the expulsion of those among them that had no other choice but to stick to life in darkness.

Implementasi Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Nasionalisme pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar melalui Pembelajaran IPS Materi Perkembangan Kemerdekaan Indonesia

This article discusses the implementation of instilling nationalist values ​​in elementary school students through social studies learning with a focus on material on the development of Indonesian independence. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of learning methods in increasing students' understanding of the development of Indonesian independence and measuring its impact on the development of nationalist values. The research method uses a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that the implementation of nationalist values ​​can be applied by teachers in daily life at school. Effective learning methods can increase students' understanding of the development of Indonesian independence and significantly strengthen their nationalist values. This research provides guidance for educators in designing curricula that promote understanding of national history and shape students' characters with a strong spirit of patriotism and nationalism. Thus, implementing social studies learning with a focus on material on the development of Indonesian independence can play an important role in educating the younger generation who love and respect national values.

Quantifying Variability in Motor Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: UK Centiles for the NorthStar Ambulatory Assessment, 10 m Walk Run Velocity and Rise from Floor Velocity in GC Treated Boys.

In this paper, we present the UK centiles for the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA), the 10 m walk/run time (10MWR) and velocity (10MWRV), and the rise from floor time (RFF) and velocity (RFFV) created from a cohort of glucocorticoid treated DMD boys between the age of 5 and 16 years. Participants were included from the UK NorthStar registry if they had initiated steroids (primarily deflazacorts/prednisolone, intermittent/daily) and were not enrolled in an interventional trial. Assessments were included if the participant had a complete NSAA, the timed tests had been completed or the corresponding items were 0, or the participant was recorded as non-ambulant, in which case the NSAA was assumed 0. We analysed 3987 assessments of the NSAA collected from 826 participants. Of these, 1080, 1849 and 1199 were imputed as 0 for the NSAA, RFFV and 10MWRV respectively. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th centiles were presented. The NSAA centiles showed a peak score of 14, 20, 26, 30 and 32 respectively, with loss of ambulation at 10.7, 12.2 and 14.3 years for the 25th, 50th and 75th centiles, respectively. The centiles showed loss of rise from floor at 8.6, 10.1 and 11.9 years and a loss of 10MWR of 0 at 8.9, 10.3 and 13.8 years for the 25th, 50th and 75th centiles, respectively. The centiles were pairwise less correlated than the raw scores, suggesting an increased ability to detect variability in the DMD cohort. The NSAA, 10MWR and RFF centiles may provide insights for clinical monitoring of DMD boys, particularly in late ambulatory participants who are uniformly declining. Future work will validate the centiles in national and international natural history cohorts.

MODERNIZATION OF THE CONTENT OF HISTORICAL EDUCATION: STEREOTYPES OF NATIONAL HISTORY – «KHORTYTSIA SICH»

The proposed article highlights the genesis of the Zaporozhian Sich, on the clarification of which the approach to the coverage of the history of the Zaporozhian Cossacks largely depends. The purpose of the article is to refute the stereotype of national history about the «town» of Prince Dmytro Vyshnevetskyi as the first Zaporozhian Sich and to reflect the relevant terminology in school textbooks and manuals in order to modernize historical education. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, and a dialectical approach to the analysis of historical phenomena. It is emphasized that the emergence of the Cossack center on the southern border was due to the growth of its numbers and the need to protect Ukrainian lands from Tatar expansion. No direct evidence of the functioning of the Sich in the 50s of the 16th century has been found in written sources, only the presence of a «town» or «castle» in Zaporizhzhia is recorded. Hence, the idea of identifying Dmytro Vyshnevetskyi's «town» with the so-called Khortytska Sich seems doubtful. At the same time, the representative of an aristocratic family made great efforts to defend Ukrainian lands, thus contributing to the consolidation of the Cossack population. This is the outstanding role of Prince Knight Dmytro Vyshnevetskyi in national history. And the castle he built on the Kichka Cape of the Dnipro River, also recorded in the sources on the island of Mala Khortytsia, became a kind of prototype of the fortification of the Zaporozhian community, which, having established itself on the island of Tomakivka in the 80s of the sixteenth century, was called the Zaporozhian Sich. Thus, the study refutes the stereotypes of national history in order to modernize historical education.

Неизданная статья историка-медиевиста В.Т. Сиротенко о Гоголе

Based on an authorized archival copy, an article about Gogol by medievalist historian Vasily Trofimovich Sirotenko (1915–2006), a professor at Perm, Dnepropetrovsk and Armavir universities, is being published. The article by V.T. Sirotenko, “The Early Middle Ages in the light of N.V. Gogol,” was written in 1978 and deposited in 1990 but is currently inaccessible to the reader. A professional historian notes Gogol’s extensive knowledge of the history of the European Middle Ages and evaluates the writer’s significant contribution to the study of world history. The article is a continuation of the works of numerous researchers and historians, F.A. Vitberg, S.A. Vengerov, G.P. Georgievsky, S.I. Mashinsky, M.P. Alekseev, V.F. Semenov and others, who noted, despite the cartoonish reviews of Gogol by some of his students at St. Petersburg University (in 1834–1835), the writer’s thorough historical erudition, the high scientific level of his university lectures, as well as works of art from world and national history. The publication contributes to the return into scientific circulation of an article by Professor V.T. Sirotenko, unknown to modern researchers, and can serve as a supplement to our article “The Unknown Book of N.V. Gogol 1834: Plan, Context, Reminiscences,” published in the first issue of the journal “Literary Fact” for 2022.

ПІСЛЯ ВАЛЬТЕРА СКОТТА: АНГЛІЙСЬКИЙ ІСТОРИЧНИЙ РОМАН 1830–1840-Х РОКІВ

Background. The study examines the unique evolution of the historical novel genre following its rise to prominence in the first half of the 19th century, driven by Walter Scott's "Waverley Novels". The further development of the genre in early Victorian and mid-19th century English literature is traced, particularly in the works of G. P. R. James, W. H. Ainsworth, E. Bulwer-Lytton, and C. Kingsley. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to reinterpret issues of history, and the interaction between history and literature in the context of contemporary literary discourse. The goal of the research is to identify the artistic dominants and main directions of the development of the historical novel throughout the 19th century. Methods. The research employs a combined approach that integrates elements of historical-cultural, comparative-historical, and reception-aesthetic methods, as well as genre and postmodernist criticism. The research strategy is also based on methods of semantic, stylistic, narratological, contextual, intertextual, and textual analysis with elements of comparative typology. Results. It has been established that the formation of the historical novel genre and its rapidly growing popularity indicate a shift in aesthetic dominants in 19th-century literature. The popularity of Walter Scott's novels coincides with an intensified interest in national history during the Victorian period. The historical works of Thomas Carlyle and Thomas Babington Macaulay significantly contribute to the rising authority and popularity of historical fiction, influencing writers. Victorian historical novelists advocate for adherence to factual accuracy. At the same time, there emerges a tendency within the genre towards formulaic romanticization and mythologization of historical portrayals to cater to popular tastes. Сonclusions. The rising popularity of Victorian historical novels was not accompanied by an improvement in their artistic qualities. As the genre became more popular, it gradually lost the best features of the Walter Scott model. Mid-19th century English historical novels interpret history in connection with contemporary issues, often marked by bias, didacticism, and ideological engagement. The depiction of history allowed Victorian writers to illustrate progressive changes and celebrate the triumph of contemporary progress over the "old times," thereby reflecting the Enlightenment view of history that was also characteristic of Victorian progressivism.