IN THE 1980S, C. ARDEN MILLER was recognized as a national leader and expert on child health. Passionate, dedicated, and articulate, Miller was often cited in the press. In 1994, for example, he was interviewed in the New York Times about his comparative studies of maternal and child health services in 10 European countries. He declared that the French concept of prevention was “much more global” and “more valid and effective” than the concept of prevention in the United States. Whereas the United States put preventive measures in a medical context, in France, they were also linked to broad social support systems. In France, children were considered the responsibility of society as a whole, while in the United States, they were regarded only as the responsibility of their parents. In summary, France spent much less money and obtained much better results.1 As a dedicated and tireless advocate for children, Miller was appointed to many key positions in maternal and child health. He served on the Institute of Medicine's committee on the prevention of low birthweights from 1983 to 1985, on the Southern Governors' task force on infant mortality in 1984, and as a visiting professor of maternal and child health at Shenyang Medical University in China in 1988. In 1984 he received the American Public Health Association's (APHA's) distinguished Martha Mae Eliot Award for extraordinary health services to mothers and children. Miller was president of the APHA in 1974 and 1975. At that time he had been addressing children's health issues on the national stage for more than two decades. The keynote address excerpted in this piece was presented at the National Health Forum in Boston, Massachusetts, on March 12, 1974. Miller was born in Shelby, Ohio, on September 19, 1924. After attending Oberlin College, he earned his MD at Yale University in 1968; he then did his residency in pediatrics at Grace-New Haven Community Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut. In 1951 he was appointed to the faculty of pediatrics at the University of Kansas School of Medicine, a position he held until 1966. From 1957 to 1960, he served as director of the Children's Rehabilitation Unit at the University of Kansas Medical Center, and from 1960 to 1966 as dean of the medical school and director of the medical center. In 1966, Miller moved to the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, to serve as Professor of Maternal and Child Health in the School of Public Health and vice chancellor of Health Sciences of the University, a position he held until 1971. From 1977 to 1987 he was chair of the Department of Maternal and Child Health at the School of Public Health. Miller also achieved prominence in other areas of medicine and public health. He served as vice president of the Association of American Medical Colleges, president of the Teachers of Maternal and Child Health, chair of the National Task Force on Learning Disabilities in Children, and chair of Alan Guttmacher Institute's board of trustees. He served as consultant to the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Mine Workers, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the United States Public Health Service, and the US Congress, as well as many international agencies and universities. In 1986 he received the Fifth Annual World Hunger Media Award for “Infant Mortality in America,” published in Scientific American,2 and in 1987 the APHA presented him with the Sedgwick Medal, its oldest and most prestigious award.