National Guard Research Articles

SOME CHANGES IN THE USE OF THE NATIONAL GUARD AS PART OF THE EVOLUTION OF MILITARY DOCTRINE

The article discusses the main changes in the use of the National Guard of the Republic of Kazakhstan within the framework of the evolution of the state's Military Doctrine. Since the independence of Kazakhstan, six Military Doctrines have been adopted. The author examines each of these doctrines, analyzing their implications and highlighting the role of the National Guard within the national security system, particularly its crucial function in ensuring military security. The article reveals that the construction, development, and strategic use of the National Guard of the Republic of Kazakhstan have been guided by the requirements outlined in the Military Doctrines. It emphasizes the main characteristics and features of modern military conflicts, as well as the primary tasks associated with the development of the state’s military organization, including the National Guard, which is responsible for maintaining internal security.

Henri Grégoire in Nice: The Communication Strategy of a National Convention Member in the Alpes-Maritimes Department, 1793

Drawing on the writings of Henri Grégoire, abbot and constitutional bishop, member of the French National Convention, and other sources, the authors of the article analyse various aspects of the religious policy of the French revolutionary authorities in the new French department of Alpes-Maritimes (until 1792 — the county of Nice within the Kingdom of Sardinia). In March — April 1793, members of the Convention, in their capacity as commissioners of Paris, were on a mission to Nice, where they were engaged in organising new institutions of power and dealing with other issues of social and religious life. In historiography there is a good tradition of research on the activities of Grégoire and Jagot in the Alpes-Maritimes Department (Henri Moris, Joseph Combet, Françoise Hildesheimer, Michèle-Helyett Siffre, Georges Doublet, Alyssa Goldstein Sepinwall, Marc Ortolani). However, a number of important pieces of evidence have remained out of the historians’ view. As the authors demonstrate, in many respects the members of the Convention were successful. They reorganised all the municipalities, formed three new districts, organised the election of administrators, magistrates, judges and members of the Convention, settled relations with people’s societies which, during the breakdown of power, had tried to take over some of the administrative powers, and forced the enrolment of “new citizens” in the National Guard and as volunteers. Only the “question of religion” remained unresolved. Grégoire and Jagot avoided radical steps: the time for the total “de-Christianisation” that swept across France in waves in 1793—1794 was not yet ripe. Examples of a cautious “preaching” strategy in this matter are the numerous letters and instructions of the Convention commissioners, as well as Grégoire’s “Address” to the citizens of Nice, published in Italian, apparently at the end of April 1793, which, so far, has not been studied by historians. The Appendix to this article contains the first Russian translation with commentary of “An Address to the Citizens of the Department of Alpes-Maritimes by Citizen Grégoire, Member the National Convention and Commissioner of the Same in This Department. Nice, 1793” (“Indirizzo a’ cittadini del dipartimento dell’ Alpi Marittime del cittadino Gregoire deputato, e commissario della Convenzione Nazionale in questo dipartimento. Nizza, 1793”).

Perception of herbs use in treating diabetes among patients attending specialized polyclinics of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah.

Diabetes mellitus represents a major burden globally and locally. Some diabetic patients may resort to the use of herbal medicine as another approach to control their blood glucose levels. This study aims to assess the prevalence and the perception of diabetic patients toward the usage of herbs in treating diabetes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a specialized polyclinic of the primary health care center in the National Guard hospital located in Jeddah. The questionnaire was interviewer-administered and a total of 196 diabetic patients were interviewed. Of 196 patients interviewed, most (59.7%) have used herbs to treat diabetes. Cinnamon, garlic, fenugreek, and moringa were the most common herbs used by diabetic patients. Many herbal users (49.9%) reported that herbs can play a role in decreasing blood glucose levels and (48%) of herbal users prefer the use of herbs over conventional medicine in treating diabetes. Most diabetic patients (37.3%) gained their knowledge about herbs through media and the experiences of other diabetic patients and we found that the reason to use herbs the majority was to reap the benefits of the herbs (48.7%) or because of herbs on controlling diabetes and reducing diabetic complications (30.7%). This study concluded that herbs are commonly used among diabetic patients and the majority of patients perceive herbs as a cofactor in controlling diabetes.

Scarcity, corruption, disloyalty, and discrepancies: Containment and defense preparation against the French Intervention in Michoacán, 1861–1863

This article explains the conditions, circumstances, and means in which the liberal-republican faction – identified with the Benito Juárez government – became involved in the containment and defense strategy against the Franco-Mexican troops in state of Michoacán. The period studied extends from the end of the Reform War to the beginning of the French Intervention – i.e., the Franco-Mexican War. As a hypothesis, I assume that the liberal-republican faction was conditioned in its performance by the scarcity of material resources, widespread corruption, disloyalty to institutions and internal discrepancies, which limited its room for maneuver and action. This research is based on documentary interpretation from the perspective of political history and war. I conclude that the Army, the National Guard, and civil society privileged their interests and expectations over the priority represented by the effective organization and defense of the country against the foreign invasion.

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One of the most important operational properties of cars is directional stability, which affects road safety. Especially dangerous is the entry of multi-axle heavy trucks, whose stability is currently assessed using probabilistic methods of reliability theory. The consequence of this approach is the static uncertainty of the support system (undercarriage), which does not allow to accurately determine the normal reactions on the wheels of multi-axle cars. The classic layout of a combat wheeled vehicle, especially when performing tasks within the city limits, is insufficient maneuverability. The most common armored personnel carrier in the National Guard is the BTR 70 and its modifications. The minimum turning radius along the track of the front outer wheel is 12.6 m. The design of two rotating two-axle platforms will reduce this indicator. Also, such a design will allow, especially in the conditions of urban development, to place a two-platform combat vehicle with the letter "�" or "V" to cover personnel from a threatening direction. And the construction of two machines with such a configuration will provide all-round protection of personnel during combat missions or public order protection missions. The use on four-axle cars of front and rear two-axle rotary platforms with a balance suspension of the leading axles provides (in contrast to the traditional design of the chassis) resistance against skidding at any position of the center of mass and has a higher course stability compared to cars with a traditional chassis part. Thus, the study of the stability of four-axle vehicles with two two-axle rotary platforms is an urgent problem and needs further study.

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The article describes the provisions of regulatory legal acts that define the principles of normative and legal, service and combat application of the Kubotan technique by the servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine for performing the task of protecting public safety and order. The analysis of regulatory legal acts and subordinate regulatory documents governing the list of special means, is carried out that are used by military personnel of the National Guard in the performing of official tasks and the rules for the use of special means by servicemen of the National Guard in the performance of authorised tasks in general and for the protection of public safety and order in particular. The legal essence and formation of the Kubotan, the characteristics and parameters of the Kubotan, the purpose and types of the Kubotan, and the technique of using the Kubotan by the servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine to perform the task of protecting public security and order are described. The author defines the prohibition of the use of special means of Kubotan against women with obvious signs of pregnancy, minors, persons with obvious signs of disability or old age, except in cases of armed or group attack, armed resistance to a serviceman of the National Guard of Ukraine, threatening his life and health and/or other persons, if it is impossible to repel such attack or resistance by other means. The servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine are required to undergo special training and periodic testing of their ability to perform actions related to the use of the special means of the Kubotan and to provide first aid to victims. The use of Kubotan as a special means, the time of start and the intensity of its use shall be determined taking into account the current circumstances, the nature of the offence and the personality of the offender. When on duty as part of a group, the decision to use special means is taken by a duly appointed official responsible for ensuring public safety and order, or by the head of the operation or the commander of the relevant military unit (subdivision, group) of the National Guard of Ukraine. Servicemen acting individually shall make such decisions on the use of Kubotan independently. It is concluded that it is advisable to use the Kubotan technique by the National Guard of Ukraine to perform the task of protecting public safety and order if other forms of preliminary impact on offenders have not yielded the desired results.

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At the present stage of development of the use of the Armed Forces and the National Guard, along with the improvement of means of destruction of troops, new methods of conducting operations have been developed and implemented in the leading countries of the world. Unlike in the past, when the most intense combat operations were conducted on the line of combat contact between the parties and in the near tactical depths, the maneuverable nature of combat operations causes intensive movement of vehicles in difficult road conditions with frequent overcoming of obstacles, which leads to increased wear of components and assemblies, which may result in the failure of weapons and military equipment. Obviously, during combat operations, weapons and military equipment will fail both as a result of enemy fire on troops and due to a decrease in the reliability of weapons and military equipment. In peacetime, the failure of weapons and military equipment in the Armed Forces and the National Guard of Ukraine is largely due to the duration of their operation and long-term storage, as the samples show deterioration of the technical condition of elements and materials due to their aging, corrosion, and the appearance of residual deformations in the details of components and assemblies. Storage of machinery and equipment is one of the main elements of operation. Reliability and constant readiness for use of machinery and equipment kept in storage is achieved by high quality of work on preparation of machines for storage, systematic monitoring of their technical condition, timely maintenance and testing during storage, as well as implementation of measures that ensure the removal and preparation of machinery and equipment for use after storage in a short time. Ensuring the serviceable condition and proper operation of technical means of food service intended for cooking and transportation of food in the field (for example, KP-125, KP-125M) is one of the main tasks facing the head of the food service now. Operation is the totality of all phases of a technical asset's existence from the moment it is taken into balance sheet accounting until it is written off, including periods of storage, transportation, intended use, as well as all types of maintenance and repair. Storage is the maintenance of serviceable and specially prepared (mothballed) technical means in a condition that ensures their storage, serviceability and readiness within the established timeframe. There are two types of storage: short-term storage for no more than three months and long-term storage for more than three months.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ НЕОБХІДНОСТІ СТВОРЕННЯ МОБІЛЬНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ УПРАВЛІННЯ БЕЗПІЛОТНИМИ ЛІТАЛЬНИМИ АПАРАТАМИ НА БАЗІ ШАСІ ВАНТАЖНОГО АВТОМОБІЛЯ

The conducted SWOT analysis made it possible to develop problematic issues that are proposed during the operation of unmanned aerial vehicles, proposals were made for the creation of a mobile complex of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles based on the chassis of a truck. Formulation of the problem. During hostilities, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were widely used. The massive use of the latest robotic (automated) weapons and military equipment on the battlefield is changing the nature of units' actions. Currently, almost every combat unit has a UAV application group. The high efficiency of their use is confirmed by high results on the battlefield. The security and defense forces of Ukraine are armed with dozens of types of UAVs for various purposes and with various capabilities for lifting cargo and carrying explosives. The use of UAV combat units in the field. Launches of lethal vehicles are carried out by hand or with the help of launch devices. With this mobile application group, the BPLA, although it is at a distance from the line of the next combat encounter, does not have sufficient security and protection from enemy fire. Preparation for use, maintenance of UAVs and charging of batteries in stationary conditions the day before, which reduces the efficiency of actions.The deployment of mobile groups of UAV operators is carried out on vehicles that are available to the military unit at the time, and which are not adapted for the high-quality performance of the combat mission by the group. UAV operators and equipment are not protected from exposure to low ambient temperatures and have no protection from small arms and shrapnel damage. Time indicators of deployment on the terrain of the complex for launching UAVs and folding after the completion of a combat mission need improvement. Analysis of recent research and publications. Scientific studies on improving the actions of units equipped with UAVs were carried out in the National Guard even before the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation. For example, in [1-2], data are given regarding the need for intelligence information and the development of a rational procedure for the use of intelligence unmanned aerial vehicles. In [3], the methodological apparatus for researching the problems of using information technologies and telecommunication systems in the process of military management is presented. The purpose of the article is to justify the need to create a mobile complex for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles based on a truck chassis. Provide recommendations on the creation of a mobile complex for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles.

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In modern military operations, units of the National Guard of Ukraine often have to perform tasks in densely populated urban areas, which complicates reconnaissance and monitoring. The prevalence of electronic warfare tactics that disrupt satellite signals such as GPS and GLONASS further exacerbates these problems. Traditional unmanned aerial vehicles, which rely heavily on satellite navigation, are vulnerable to electronic countermeasures, potentially compromising mission success. This article deals with the urgent issue of increasing the capacity of units of the National Guard of Ukraine that operate in such conditions. The challenge is the need for reliable and robust means of reconnaissance and navigation in environments where satellite signals are blocked or unavailable. To address this issue, the paper explores the integration of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with optical-electronic navigation systems, offering a viable alternative to satellite-based unmanned aerial vehicles. The advantages of such integration are numerous. First, it significantly improves navigation accuracy even in the absence of satellite signals through a combination of inertial navigation systems, high-frequency terrain navigation, and image-based navigation. These systems provide precise unmanned aerial vehicles movements, a critical requirement for reconnaissance missions in complex urban landscapes. In addition, resistance to electronic warfare stands out as a decisive advantage. Unmanned aerial vehicles with opto-electronic navigation systems combined with anti-jamming features become resilient to electronic warfare tactics, providing uninterrupted reconnaissance and monitoring in conflict environments. However, the integration of optical-electronic navigation systems has certain limitations. Weather conditions such as fog or heavy rain may interfere with navigation. In addition, data processing needs can strain onboard computing resources, requiring advanced processors for optimal performance. Additionally, damage to optical sensors due to environmental factors can disrupt navigation, requiring redundancy or repair. In summary, the integration of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles with opto-electronic navigation systems offers a promising solution to the challenges faced by National Guard units in urban environments. Enhanced accuracy, resistance to electronic warfare, and adaptability to changing conditions make this approach a compelling choice to enhance mission success and ensure the safety of National Guard personnel in complex and contested scenarios.

ОБРАЗ ЕФЕКТИВНОГО СЕРЖАНТА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The role of sergeants in military units is difficult to overestimate. Quite often, sergeants are more experienced than their immediate commanders ‒ junior officers. The reform of the sergeant's staff contributed to the formation in the minds of servicemen of the image of a sergeant as close as possible to the requirements of NATO, intensive participation in military operations and their provision put forward the requirements for the sergeant's reliability ‒ his ability to perform the task under any conditions, his loyalty to his comrades in arms ‒ to the leading positions and the Motherland. However, servicemen who perform tasks in the zone of direct combat conflict rate more highly the necessary characteristics of a sergeant, which ensure effective teamwork. In support units, sergeants are expected to have the most human-centered approach to personnel. The results of the study of the perception of the image of an effective sergeant in combat units and support units of the National Guard of Ukraine are presented. Reasoned groups of characteristics that determine the effectiveness of sergeants, as assessed by servicemen with intensive combat experience and rear support experience. It is proved that the structure of the characteristics of the sergeants of combat units and rear support units of the National Guard of Ukraine has similar features that allow us to describe them as effective managers who are able to organize the work of the unit and achieve the set goals in the existing circumstances, taking into account the characteristics of each of their subordinates and the available resources for their motivation. However, it is expected from the sergeants of combat units that they will be able to activate, so to speak, the "zone of immediate development", contribute to raising the level of training of subordinates to a qualitatively new level, and as motivation they will use not only personal needs, but also stimulators belonging to to semantic regulation, go beyond the boundaries of an individual personality.

Outcomes of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease in King Khalid National Guard Hospital

Objective: The objective of this study is to review the outcomes of gestational trophoblastic disease in our center, and to compare it with international figures. We will calculate the rates of remission, recurrence, and mortality. Also, we will determine the mean duration taken for normalization of β-hCG level after initiation of treatment, and the distribution of the disease by age and parity. Methods: Retrospective chart review of the patients diagnosed with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) and treated in King Khalid National Guard Hospital in the period between January 2000 and December 2005. Results: During the study period, there were 29 cases of gestational trophoblastic disease. The majority of the cases were non-metastatic GTD (55.2%) followed by, in decreasing order of frequency, molar pregnancy (24.1%), metastatic high-risk GTD (10.3%), metastatic low-risk GTD (6.9%) and placental-site trophoblastic tumor (3.4%). Patient's age ranged from sixteen to fifty-three years old, with the majority in the fourth decade of life (37.9%). The parity as well was highly variable from zero to fifteen, with the majority between five and ten (37.9%). Remission rate in the malignant GTD was 85.7%. There were no cases of recurrence during the follow-up period. The overall mortality rate was 3.4%. The mean duration required for normalization of β-hCG level was 10.3 weeks for molar pregnancy and 11.6 weeks for malignant GTD. Conclusion: The chemotherapy success rate, remission rate & mortality rate were similar to that reported in earlier studies. There is a need for patient education regarding strict follow-up for early detection and intervention of malignant sequelae.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ОСНОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ЗАХИСТУ ОБ’ЄКТІВ КРИТИЧНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ УКРАЇНИ

It was determined that in the conditions of armed confrontation on the territory of Ukraine, crisis situations constantly arise, threatening the safety of critical infrastructure facilities. In connection with the armed aggression on the territory of Ukraine, significant losses were caused, namely more than 30 % of critical infrastructure objects were damaged. Therefore, the armed aggression against Ukraine became an impetus for large-scale and structural reforms in the sphere of security and defense of Ukraine. In this aspect, the task of forming a system of protection of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine arises. Issues of substantiation of the system of protection of critical infrastructure objects at the state level were almost not studied, which determined the relevance of this scientific study. The analysis of legal acts regulating the powers of the components of the security and defense sector of Ukraine, which are relied upon for the formation and/or implementation of state policy in the field of critical infrastructure protection, proved that to date the largest contribution to ensuring the security of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine is in parts of the immediate protection and defense are carried out by units and units of the National Guard of Ukraine. In the field of cyber security of critical infrastructure facilities, as well as reconnaissance and subversive activities, the main efforts are made by the bodies and units of the Security Service of Ukraine and the National Police of Ukraine, while units and units of the National Service of Ukraine also participate. When the issues of prevention and liquidation of the consequences of emergency situations due to accidents at critical infrastructure facilities are already raised, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine already plays the "first violin", but units and units of the National Guard of Ukraine also take a direct part in similar crisis situations. Therefore, the invaluable role and place of the National Guard of Ukraine in the protection of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine became the motivation for conducting this study. It has been established that the Concept of creating a state critical infrastructure protection system for the creation of an organizational and institutional structure for the functioning of the state critical infrastructure protection system provides for the implementation of a number of measures at the national, regional, branch level, as well as at the local and object level, which to date are still almost not fulfilled Therefore, the organization of critical infrastructure security is a complex process that includes not only security mechanisms, but also coordination and management aspects. For the effective functioning of this system, highly qualified specialists in training, retraining and practical experience are needed. The directions of further scientific research will be aimed at the development of conceptual models of the functioning of the forces and means of formations of the National Guard of Ukraine among the components of the security and defense sector of Ukraine regarding the performance of tasks for the protection of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine both in peacetime and during crisis situations, and also in the conditions of the special period.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ, ПРАВОВІ ТА МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЧИСЕЛЬНОСТІ КАДРОВИХ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ У НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The study examines the organizational and legal aspects of the activities of personnel units in the National Guard of Ukraine. The main directions of personnel support of National Guard of Ukraine have been determined. The rules for calculating the strength of personnel units at the Regional Command, brigade, battalion level are defined. It was emphasized that the legal support for the activities of personnel units of National Guard of Ukraine needs significant improvement within the framework of Ukraine's movement towards joining NATO and ensuring the J-1 standard. The legal acts regulating the accounting of personnel at National Guard of Ukraine were considered and the corresponding changes to them were proposed. It is determined that human resources units and personnel accounting units perform related and interrelated functions and must be under a single command within a department, section, service, etc. An example of determining the sufficient number of personnel of the personnel work unit is given on the example of the simulated operational assignment brigade of National Guard of Ukraine.

ПРАКТИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ З УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ПІДГОТОВКИ БАТАЛЬЙОННОЇ ТАКТИЧНОЇ ГРУПИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ ДО ВИКОНАННЯ ЗАВДАНЬ ІЗ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ У СКЛАДІ СИЛ БЕЗПЕКИ І ОБОРОНИ

The presence of Ukraine in the legal regime of martial law, the tasks performed by the National Guard of Ukraine formations, as well as the modern conditions for the use of the NGU formations to participate in the cessation of the russian federation armed aggression determine the peculiarities of personnel individual and collective training for the successful performance of the tasks assigned to them to ensure national security . The open and large-scale war waged by the russian federation against Ukraine, the current level of the NGU's ability to perform national security tasks, defined by legislation during the right-wing martial law regime, necessitate the development of new approaches to training the personnel of the NGU units to act as part of the state security forces and defense forces. In conditions of increased tension and speed of change in the operational situation, specialized professional training of servicemen, crews (calculations) and units of battalion tactical groups acquires special importance. In the article it is analyzed the problems of substantiating the rational composition of groups of the state defense forces (including battalion tactical groups), the issue of determining the rational composition of NGU groups for the performance of relevant tasks to ensure national security, the experience of creating and using battalion tactical groups during modern wars and armed conflicts, as well as the system of training units equal to the battalion. Based on the analysis of relevant approaches and methods, the analysis of the experience of creating and using battalion tactical groups, an organizational structure scheme of NGU typical battalion tactical group is proposed, which takes into account the specifics of the implementation of the relevant NGU units. After analyzing the typical training plan of NGU battalion tactical groups, a number of weaknesses were revealed, which were taken into account when justifying the recommended improved training plan. Such an approach to training will further improve the performance by National Guard of Ukraine battalion tactical groups of tasks to ensure national security under the martial law legal regime, because the level of training and preparedness of personnel depends on the degree of performance of the assigned task, the preservation of personnel and weapons and vehicles.

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Natural disasters and catastrophes on our planet take human lives every year, lead to the destruction of cities and industrial facilities, causing great damage to the objects of the national economy and the environment. Thousands of potentially dangerous objects are located on the territory of Ukraine, depending on the location of which the country is divided into regions with a certain level of risk, and accidents can cause catastrophes of an international scale. Today, there is a need to identify the factors of the operational situation that will affect the functioning of the National Guard of Ukraine group under the specified conditions. The analysis of previous studies showed that the isolation of external factors of the environment in various systems is carried out by isolating only those factors that correspond to the purpose of the system itself. One of the more complex man-made disasters in Ukraine, which will require the prompt use of the National Guard of Ukraine and for all functional elements of the unified state system of civil protection of the population and territories, can be an accident at hydrotechnical structures. The grouping of the National Guard of Ukraine is considered from the standpoint of system analysis, which allows to assess the environment in which it is located, to distinguish internal and external factors (operational situation) of such an environment. It is external factors that form the main load that can affect the grouping of the National Guard of Ukraine as a system during participation in the liquidation of the consequences of disasters at hydrotechnical structures, since internal factors are unimportant in view of the rational construction of the system (grouping). Further research can be aimed at presenting the external factors of the operational situation in a formalized form and obtaining their quantitative value.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ НЕОБХІДНОСТІ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ЧАСТИН НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ ЩОДО ОБОРОНИ ОБ’ЄКТІВ КРИТИЧНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ

At the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine, the aggressor seized critical infrastructure facilities that were located in the occupied territories. Among especially dangerous objects of critical infrastructure there are two nuclear power plants: Chernobyl and Zaporozhye. So, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was captured by Russian troops on February 24, 2022 and controlled by them until March 31, 2022. And the Zaporozhye NPP was captured by the invaders on March 4, 2022 and is under their control. Based on the analysis of certain events, it can be concluded that the units of the National Guard of Ukraine were unable to ensure the defense of the stations, which, in accordance with the current legislation, is their direct function. The reason for this was the mistakes made by the military authorities in assessing the capabilities of the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine for the protection of nuclear power plants for the defense of the facilities entrusted to them. The solution to this problem in the future may be to improve the theory of assessing the capabilities of the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine regarding the protection and defense of critical infrastructure. For this purpose, the article analyzes the existing scientific and methodological apparatus and policy documents on the organization and implementation of the protection and defense of critical infrastructure facilities under martial law by the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine. As a result of the analysis, some problems were identified in the defense of nuclear power plants, as well as in the organization of management at the tactical level during the organization of the defense of critical infrastructure facilities, including nuclear power plants. Also, directions for further research were identified, namely: the settlement of the issue of subordination in the performance of combat missions for the protection and defense of critical infrastructure facilities at the tactical level, as well as the improvement of the theory of assessing the capabilities of the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine for the protection and defense of nuclear power plants, taking into account modern threats.

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With the beginning of the invasion of the Russian Federation into our country in 2014, the higher military leadership of the state began to pay much more attention to the issue of studying and bringing combat experience to subordinate units. This was reflected in a significant number of doctrines, guidelines, instructions, etc. Along with this, the higher military educational institutions of the National Guard of Ukraine lack a clear technology for studying and introducing combat experience into the educational process. Therefore, there was a need to create a technology for studying and introducing combat experience into the educational process of the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine. According to the authors, the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine should offer a technology for the study and implementation of combat experience in the educational process when studying combined military disciplines. The article offers a rationale for the study technology and implementation of combat experience in the educational process of the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine. After all, the systematization of this process makes it possible to better organize the educational process. In turn, the training of cadets based on the combat experience of military units and units of the National Guard of Ukraine increases their professional level as a future commander. Pedagogical technology is represented by the following stages: theoretical substantiation, development of technological procedures, application of teaching methods, substantiation of structural components, criteria and indicators, determination of psychological and pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the technology, effectiveness. To visualize the process, a model of the implementation of the technology of studying and introducing combat experience into the educational process of NSU has been developed. According to the authors, the implementation of this technology will make it possible to quickly respond to today's requirements during the educational process, which in turn makes it possible to solve a set of tasks for the education of a comprehensively and harmoniously developed personality with a high level of professional skills.

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The article deals with the use of the "Kropyva" software complex as an element of the prospective automated control system of the National Guard of Ukraine (NGU). Automated troop management systems significantly increase the effectiveness of the process of preparation and military decision-making through the use of accelerated analysis and generalization of information about enemy forces and assets, own forces, and terrain. In fact, instant simulation of various scenarios takes place, and artificial intelligence automatically deduces the most appropriate one in these conditions. Starting from 2018, individual elements of tactical-level information systems were used ? "Delta", "Kropyva", "Virazh-tablet", "GisArta" and others. For the tasks of NGU, the software "Kropyva" is of interest ? a actical link management system based on GIS for creating intelligent maps in combination with devices and instruments, for planning, calculations and orientation on the terrain. The analysis of the functional capabilities of the software complex in solving the tasks of the service and combat activity of the NGU was carried out. It is proposed to use the functionality of the software " Kropyva" when solving the tasks of orientation on the terrain, performing topogodetic calculations, plotting the tactical situation and exchanging this information between users, as well as managing the battle. Currently, there are several types of automated workplace that perform tasks according to their level ? the commander's automated workplace is stationary and the automated workplace is mobile. Recommended recommendations for the use of automated workplaces on the basis of the "Kropyva" in the performance of service-combat (combat) tasks by units and parts of the NGU. It is emphasized that the direct adjustment of the software "Kropyva" system and the corresponding automated workplace should be carried out only after other necessary measures for organizing management and establishing communication.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ РОЛІ І МІСЦЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ В СТАБІЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ ДІЯХ БЕЗПЕКОВОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ

The study reveals the essence of stability operations in the field of security on the example of localization of a non-international armed conflict and justifies the role and place of the National Guard of Ukraine in such operations as opposed to other components of the security and defense forces. The author considers the status, purpose, role, place of various power structures and agencies that can provide capabilities to participate in stability operations in the field of security. A correct understanding of the role and place of the Guard in such operations will allow governing authorities at various levels to properly use the security capabilities of the National Guard of Ukraine, avoid duplicating functions and performing uncharacteristic tasks by defense forces. It is concluded that the use of the Guard in stability operations in the field of security should be consistent with its structure, authority, and purpose as a military formation with law enforcement functions, namely, to respond to large-scale crisis situations within the country that threaten the state security of Ukraine and require massive use of security forces. The National Guard of Ukraine should play a leading role in stability operations in the field of security in the context of a non-international armed conflict (state of emergency): it should form the basis of an interagency grouping of security forces and ensure command and control of such a grouping. Stability operations in the field of security related to the localization of a non-international armed conflict should be carried out under the legal regime of the state of emergency, and the Main Directorate of the National Guard of Ukraine should lead the military command in the state of emergency. If the security forces are unable to stabilize the situation, and the threat of internationalization of the conflict and/or an external military threat, martial law will need to be introduced (in this case those will be the stability operations in the field of defense). The results obtained in this study can be used in practice to plan the use of the National Guard of Ukraine in stability actions (operations) of the various kinds.

АНАЛІЗ ЗМІСТУ І СУТНОСТІ МАСОВИХ ЗАВОРУШЕНЬ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТА ПРИПИНЕННЯ ПІДРОЗДІЛАМИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes the content and essence of mass riots as an object of suppression by units of the National Guard of Ukraine. The positions and opinions of scientists and researchers regarding mass riots as a social phenomenon, an illegal act and as an object of termination by the National Guard of Ukraine were studied. The author proves the position that, in the modern sense, mass riots are not only a social phenomenon, but first of all a criminally punishable act. At the same time, from the point of view of the need to stop them by the National Guard of Ukraine, this social manifestation is characterized by a system of other criteria, which in turn does not exclude the illegality and high public danger of the corresponding actions, which determines the need for immediate response by law enforcement agencies to these processes. It has been proven that the content and essence of the powers of the National Guard of Ukraine in general and the servicemen of individual units and units determine the normative possibility and objective obligations to stop mass riots on the territory of Ukraine, thus fragmenting the need to stop a mass riot as an act of illegal behavior and the need for further pre-trial investigation of such actions by other subjects of law enforcement agencies. The conclusion was reached that the essence of a mass riot consists in the organized commission of actions directed against public order and morality, accompanied by violence, pogroms, arson, destruction of property, seizure of buildings or structures, forcible eviction of citizens, resistance to representatives of the authorities with the use of weapons. The prospect of further scientific research is the need for a more detailed study of the powers of the National Guard of Ukraine to stop mass riots under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine.