Planet earth has been entrusted with plethora of diverse plant wealth. About 80, 000 species of plants have been used since human civilization for various purposes, like food, fodder, shelter and most importantly for me dicinal use to cure ailments. Of these, 30, 000 species have been identified as edible and about 7, 000 species have been cultivated and/or collected for food time to time. However, presently only 30 crops are reported to feed the world. Wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, millet, potato, sweet potato, soybean, sugarcane and sugarbeet are the 10 crops which provide 75% of the total plant-based calorie intake. Of these three crops are the most important, namely, what, rice and maize. Besides, region based-underutilized crops, species and crop wild relatives play an important role towards the food security and income generation. Globally, many species have been lost due to habitat destruction and/or over exploitation. Immense wealth and diversity of plants is under the threat of loss due to changing climate along with several the biotic or abiotic stresses. A lot of efforts have been put in world-wide to conserve the diversity of plants and plant genetic resources using various strategies and approaches. In situ and ex situ conservation methods have been practiced for conserving the diversity. Germplasm in various forms are being conserved in various national and international genebanks. India has world's second largest national Genebank at Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, that has state of art facilities including Seed Genebank (∼4 lakh accessions), In vitro Genebank (∼1, 800 accessions) and Cryo Genebank (∼13, 000 accessions). Although, the conservation of plant diversity is important but the utilization of conserved plant diversity may play major role to save them for future. This review paper will present an overview of various aspects of conservation of plant diversity.