National Fit Research Articles

National Identity Development Among Minority Youth: Longitudinal Relations with National Fit Perceptions and School Belonging

Across Western Europe, immigrant-origin minority youth often struggle to belong socially and to develop national self-identification. Yet, almost no research to-date has asked how these youth perceive the cultural contents of the national identity in their residence country—or rather, to what extent they perceive youth like them to (mis)fit the national identity. The present study addressed this research gap by centering schools as developmental contexts of evolving belonging and national self-identification and newly inquiring into minority youth’s perceptions of national (mis)fit as critical levers of their national identity development. Drawing on data from two annual waves of the Leuven-Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (Leuven-CILS), a sample of 942 Moroccan- and Turkish-origin youth (Mage-T1 = 14.98, SD = 1.22; 52% female) in 62 Belgian schools was used. Cross-lagged analysis combined repeated measures of school belonging and national self-identification with vignette measures of the perceived national fit of (imagined) culturally different peers. While school belonging and national self-identification were unrelated over time, earlier perceived national fit uniquely enabled more national self-identification one year later, over and above evolving school belonging. These findings suggest that experiencing belonging in school does not suffice for minority youth to develop national self-identification. Schools may, however, promote national identity development through redefining national identities to include cultural diversity—thereby signaling to minority youth that they can fit the national identity.

On the need for physical constraints in deep learning rainfall–runoff projections under climate change: a sensitivity analysis to warming and shifts in potential evapotranspiration

Abstract. Deep learning (DL) rainfall–runoff models outperform conceptual, process-based models in a range of applications. However, it remains unclear whether DL models can produce physically plausible projections of streamflow under climate change. We investigate this question through a sensitivity analysis of modeled responses to increases in temperature and potential evapotranspiration (PET), with other meteorological variables left unchanged. Previous research has shown that temperature-based PET methods overestimate evaporative water loss under warming compared with energy budget-based PET methods. We therefore assume that reliable streamflow responses to warming should exhibit less evaporative water loss when forced with smaller, energy-budget-based PET compared with temperature-based PET. We conduct this assessment using three conceptual, process-based rainfall–runoff models and three DL models, trained and tested across 212 watersheds in the Great Lakes basin. The DL models include a Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM), a mass-conserving LSTM (MC-LSTM), and a novel variant of the MC-LSTM that also respects the relationship between PET and evaporative water loss (MC-LSTM-PET). After validating models against historical streamflow and actual evapotranspiration, we force all models with scenarios of warming, historical precipitation, and both temperature-based (Hamon) and energy-budget-based (Priestley–Taylor) PET, and compare their responses in long-term mean daily flow, low flows, high flows, and seasonal streamflow timing. We also explore similar responses using a national LSTM fit to 531 watersheds across the United States to assess how the inclusion of a larger and more diverse set of basins influences signals of hydrological response under warming. The main results of this study are as follows: The three Great Lakes DL models substantially outperform all process-based models in streamflow estimation. The MC-LSTM-PET also matches the best process-based models and outperforms the MC-LSTM in estimating actual evapotranspiration. All process-based models show a downward shift in long-term mean daily flows under warming, but median shifts are considerably larger under temperature-based PET (−17 % to −25 %) than energy-budget-based PET (−6 % to −9 %). The MC-LSTM-PET model exhibits similar differences in water loss across the different PET forcings. Conversely, the LSTM exhibits unrealistically large water losses under warming using Priestley–Taylor PET (−20 %), while the MC-LSTM is relatively insensitive to the PET method. DL models exhibit smaller changes in high flows and seasonal timing of flows as compared with the process-based models, while DL estimates of low flows are within the range estimated by the process-based models. Like the Great Lakes LSTM, the national LSTM also shows unrealistically large water losses under warming (−25 %), but it is more stable when many inputs are changed under warming and better aligns with process-based model responses for seasonal timing of flows. Ultimately, the results of this sensitivity analysis suggest that physical considerations regarding model architecture and input variables may be necessary to promote the physical realism of deep-learning-based hydrological projections under climate change.

Ahmed Adnan Saygun’s Opera “Őzsoy” — a Cultural-Political Project and an Artistic Event in 20th Century Turkish Music

In 1934 in Ankara the world premiere of Ahmed Adnan Saygun’s opera Őzsoy took place. The initiator of its creation was the first president of the Turkish Republic Mustafa Kemal Atatűrk. He came forward as a peculiar curator who accompanied the project at various stages of its preparation: from the choice of the poetical source (the Persian epos Shahnameh by Ferdowsi) and the definitions of the chief ideas in his interpretation to assigning the librettist (Münir Hayri Egeli) and the composer, whom 27-year-old Ahmed Adnan Saygun was chosen to be. The idea of the creation of national opera fit organically into the context of Atatűrk’s reformist endeavors, however the project of Őzsoy was tinged not only with cultural, but also with political tones: the premiere of the opera, timed to the official visit of Iranian leader Reza Shah Pahlavi, was called to be conducive to the strengthening of Turkish-Iranian contacts. In the opera’s plotline, the theme of the mutual relations of the Turkish and the Iranian peoples is played out. Saygun, an adherent of Atatűrk’s reformative ideas, at that time a scholarship recipient of the Turkish Republic and a recent graduate of the Schola cantorum in Paris, turns in Őzsoy to the experience of European opera, but interprets it individually. This is testified by the formal structure and the dramaturgy (a free, at times montage connection of the musical and the talking episodes, a through type of intonational development and a conditional “number” structure), and the style; at the same time, Turkish national features show themselves through the Western European foundation, which is especially perceptible in the rhythmic and the timbral aspects. Such an intercrossing of the traditions of the East and the West has become one of the characteristic tendencies in 20th century Turkish music.

ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL ASPECTS OF MEDAN TELADAN STADIUM RENOVATION

Based on the purpose of the Feasibility Study on the Renovation of the Medan City Exemplary Stadium, is to obtain a Foundation for the Planning and Design Program regarding the Renovation of the Exemplary Stadium in Medan City which has supporting facilities and is worthy of national fit. Spatial aspects in the feasibility study of the renovation of the Medan City Exemplary Stadium are adjusted to Regional Regulation No.1 of 2022 of the city of Medan (Regional Spatial Plan 2022 to 2042). The feasibility study of the renovation of the Medan City Exemplary Stadium used quantitative descriptive research, with the data used were primary data and secondary data. The Feasibility Study Method of Exemplary Stadium Renovation Planning to explain the design requirements (design needs) and design determinants related to the planning and design of the Exemplary Football Stadium with the analysis of spatial aspects. The results of this study are reviewed from the aspect of spatial planning, so the concept planned for the renovation of the Exemplary Stadium is feasible to be implemented.
 

Making America great for whom?: How Trump’s Presidency affected fit and national identity among targets of bias

ABSTRACT Can a politician cue national identity and fit? Given that Trump’s rhetoric often signaled the devaluation of certain groups, we examined this across three pre-registered studies . In Study1 (2017), targets of Trump’s rhetoric reported less social fit, greater social identity threat, and expected increased discrimination . In Study2 (2017), marginalized targets reported less fit and American identification as well as greater threat and discrimination when anticipating Trump(vs. Obama). Study3, conducted during the 2020 election, revealed that racialized participants felt greater fit and American identification after (vs. before) Biden’s victory , but effects of Trump’s presidency on expected discrimination had not reversed. These findings suggest that a divisive leader can induce feelings of devaluation, threat, and national detachment.

The Idea in the libertarian suitcase and its difficult national fit

The Idea in the libertarian suitcase and its difficult national fit

SP4.2.7 Outcomes following reorganisation of colorectal cancer pathway using FIT testing and a locally developed risk stratification score in a busy District General Hospital in United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aims/IntroductionLimited availability of endoscopy and CT colonography led to significant pressures on the colorectal cancer pathway during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk stratification was necessary to determine the order in which patients on the tracking list could access diagnostics. Based on national guidance, patient symptoms and FIT test results, we used a locally developed risk stratification score (RSS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact the RSS had on patient diagnoses over a period of 8 months MethodologyA prospectively maintained database was used to assess the outcomes. Based on their symptoms, patients on the colorectal 2ww pathway were invited to provide FIT samples if eligible. Diagnostics were prioritised using RSS. Results were analysed to assess how the cancer diagnostic yield during the pandemic compared to a similar period the year before. ResultsThere were 1133 patients referred on the colorectal 2ww pathway between May - December 2020. 884 of these patients had FIT testing and 249 were not eligible. Of the 69 colorectal cancers diagnosed, 25 were in the FIT group and 44 in those not eligible. The RSS stratified to high or indeterminate risk in the non-FIT group was 31 and 23 in the FIT group. Compared to the previous year’s number of 59 patients diagnosed between May - December 2019, no statistical difference was found.ConclusionOur study shows that FIT testing and RSS led to an equivalent pick up rate of colorectal cancer and can be utilised in clinical settings with limited resources.

Entrepreneurial success revisited: what Hofstede's dimensions and GEDI missed in evaluating the entrepreneurial potential in three pilot countries

This concept paper examines entrepreneurial culture and its national cultural fit according to Hofstede's dimensions and the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI). The authors compared expectations with the actual entrepreneurial outcomes in Pakistan, Egypt, and Zambia; three Global Entrepreneurship Program (or in-country partners) pilot beneficiaries. Although the three countries have lower GEDI rankings, they have shown considerable entrepreneurial potential based on their pertinent milestone reports. Using two of Hofstede's cultural dimensions to assess their openness for entrepreneurial initiatives, the three countries did not offer a cultural ecosystem conducive to entrepreneurship, yet the social, economic, and political contexts seemed to neutralise the cultural discord. Start-ups are seen as a counter-cyclical cushion in low-income countries to survive periods of economic downturn even when the culture does not support new ventures and risk-taking. The paper calls for an entrepreneurial construct that incorporates socio-cultural perspectives, and politico-economic factors into the innovation-led definition.

Are national barrier inventories fit for stream connectivity restoration needs? A test of two catchments

AbstractCatchment‐scale river reconnection programmes require barrier inventories for restoration planning, yet barrier inventories are variable in extent and quality internationally. To test the degree to which barrier databases, in this case for England, are fit for purpose, we made a comparison of the national database (mostly originating from desk‐study) for two catchments, the Wear and the Tees, against detailed walkover surveys. We surveyed 701 km (32.8%) of stream length, stratified by stream order, altitude and subcatchment and recorded natural and artificial barriers. Only 22.7% of barriers identified in the walkover survey were present in the national database, including low‐head (<5 m) artificial structures (32.3% representation), artificial barriers ≥5 m (14.3% representation) and culverts (0% representation). About 18.9% of artificial barriers in the national database were found, during a field survey, to have been breached naturally. Mean densities of artificial barriers were 0.68 barriers km−1 and 0.45 barriers km−1 in the Wear and Tees, respectively, significantly higher than in the national database. Stream connectivity restoration in England may be hampered by the incomplete national barrier inventory; we recommend careful checks of barrier inventories as they are developed internationally.

Family policy and women's employment outcomes in 45 high‐income countries: A systematic qualitative review of 238 comparative and national studies

AbstractThe article reviews the available quantitative evidence on the relationship between explicit family policy and women's employment outcomes in 45 high‐income countries between 1980 and 2016. At the methodological level, we gathered 238 papers through a four‐stage systematic qualitative review. We included articles published in English in international journals or by leading research institutes. Despite the accrued importance of the field, comparative works and national case studies do not sufficiently engage one another for methodological and disciplinary reasons. Our contribution is to integrate the findings from both streams of the literature in two ways. First, we chart systematically the debate describing its evolution over four decades, the disciplines involved (demography, economics, politics, social policy, sociology, and interdisciplinary work), and the geographical and policy breadth of the empirical contributions. Second, we provide a rich guide for scholars in the field by exploring how national case studies fit (or not) the broad trends captured in comparative research and discussing key and controversial debates in the field. In conclusion, we point out also important gaps in the literature and propose new avenues for future research. An exhaustive set of tables provides information on each comparative and national case study and on the databases and variables employed in the literature.

Institutional framework's moderation of the effects of cultures fit on allies' trust: Case of international alliances

This paper is an attempt to illuminate the effect of fit between allies' cultures on their trust and to analyse the moderating role of institutional framework on this effect. A quantitative empirical analysis, adopting a hypothetico-deductive approach, was carried out in order to validate the causal model. The results, declined from a collected data by a survey distributed to 114 international alliances, evince that the cultural fit of allies influences positively the trust between themselves. Besides, they highlight the role of the institutional framework which moderates positively and reinforces the effect of the allies' cultures compatibility on the trust between themselves. This can be explained by the fact that the rigour of the institutional framework represents for allies a guarantee of their tangible and intangible assets' protection and collaboration. Keywords: Organisational cultures fit, national cultures fit, intercultural intelligence, mistrust, goodwill.

The accuracy of the cheating detection methods in large-scale tests: mathematics national examination

This study aimed to describe (1) the characteristics of items based on the Item Response Theory, (2) the cheating level in the implementation of the national examinartion based on Angoffs B-Index method, Pair 1 method, Pair 2 method, Modified Error Similarity Analysis (MESA) method, and G2 method, (3) the most accurate method to detect the cheating in the mathematics national examination at the senior secondary school level in the academic year of 2015/2016 in East Nusa Tenggara Province. The result of the item response theory analysis showed that 17 (42.5%) items of the mathematics national examination fit with the 3-PL model, with the maximum information function of 58.0128 at 1.6, and the measurement error of 0.1313. The number of pairs detected to be cheating by Angoff’s B-Index method was 63 pairs, that by the Pair 1 method was 52 pairs, that by the Pair 2 method was 141 pairs, that by MESA method was 67 pairs, and that by the G2 method was 183 pairs. The methods which could detect most pairs doing cheating were the G2 method, the Pair 2 method, the MESA method, Angoff’s B-Index method, and the Pair 1 method successively. The methods which could accurately detect cheating based on the computation of the standard error were Angoff’s B-Index method, the G2 method, the MESA method, the Pair 1 method, and the Pair 2 method successively.

Contingent National Belonging: The Perceived Fit and Acceptance of Culturally Different Peers Predicts Minority Adolescents' Own Belonging.

Prevailing definitions of national identities in Europe equate belonging to the nation with “fitting in” culturally and leave immigrant minorities who are culturally different from the majority group struggling to belong. The present study focuses on an under-researched minority perspective on the intersubjective cultural contents of the national identity. We propose that minorities' national belonging is contingent on their perception that minority peers who deviate from the majority culture are accepted as real nationals. Our study aims to establish (a) minority perceptions of the national fit and acceptance of culturally different peers, and to test (b) the consequences of perceived fit and acceptance for minority adolescents' own national belonging, and (c) its affordances by the local peer context. Drawing on a large random sample of 1,489 Moroccan and Turkish minority youth (aged 12–18) and their peers across 312 classes in 63 Belgian schools, we varied cultural difference from the majority in three vignettes describing imaginary acculturating peers. Minority participants rated to what extent they saw each peer as a real national (perceived fit) and whether other nationals would accept this peer (perceived acceptance). As a measure of their own national belonging, they indicated their national self-identification. Additionally, the multi-level design included classroom contextual measures of majority peer presence and peer acculturation norms (peer norm of heritage culture maintenance). As expected, minority youth who perceived better national fit of culturally different peers, self-identified more strongly as nationals than those who perceived worse fit. This association was not explained by their own acculturation attitudes. In line with the contextual affordance of national fit, only in classes with majority peers, minority youth perceived higher national fit and acceptance of culturally different peers when peer norms supported the maintenance of a distinct heritage culture. We conclude that the national belonging of minority youth is contingent on the peer context through the perceived fit and acceptance of culturally different peers.

Unique identifiers needed to make national data sets fit for public health purposes: the example of subsequent teenage pregnancy in England and Wales

• Using routine administrative data, it is not possible to accurately estimate the proportion of teenagers who have more than one pregnancy.

The SWOT Analysis on Leisure Sports Industry of Qin Ling Mountain in Xi’an

The “leisure era” is coming, the sports industry, cultural tourism and leisure industry, the national fitness fit and alignment will highly promoted? Qin ling mountain as natural oxygen bar of xi 'an and the back garden, the special rich natural geographical features, become nowadays xi 'an residents leisure, entertainment, fitness important place. This study in xi 'an Qin ling mountain sports leisure industry as the research object, using the literature material method, interview method, the methods of on-the-spot investigation method. The main research results: xi 'an Qin ling mountain sports leisure industry development has rich natural resources, cultural heritage deep, policy power, industry integration advantages such as high efficiency. With urban comprehensive competitiveness is not strong, the sports leisure industry in its infancy. Sports market faces disadvantages such as lack of professional talents. Facing national policy speed, outdoor sports vigorous development, people's idea consciousness enhancement opportunities. Have the same products competitive and comprehensive service consciousness insufficiency, the ecological civilization concept to implement the government limited, sports insurance and security risk consciousness and other threats. Main strategies: explore the points of economic growth and innovation, improve the comprehensive competitiveness of city, cultivating and developing the brand competition, the development and innovation of sports tourism and sports leisure products, build system of production and marketing of specialized personnel of sports leisure industry docking. The government and relevant functional departments set up the concept of "service first"; strengthen the protection of the natural ecological resources in Qin ling, legal remedies criminals. Strengthen national security risk awareness, focus on the development of sports insurance.

Sociology in Times of Crisis: Chen Da, National Salvation and the Indigenization of Knowledge

Chen Da was one of the foremost sociologists of China from the 1920s to the 1940s. His intellectual habitus took shape from the long crisis that defined Chinese intellectual life from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries, a period of continuous imperial assault on Chinese sovereignty. As China integrated into the capitalist world-system, neo-Confucian structures of knowledge came into question. Intellectuals took up sociology to guide China’s transition from an empire to a nation-state. Through his studies on labor, migration, and population, Chen Da contributed to the institutionalization of sociology in China. Chen sought to craft a theory of Chinese development that followed universal trajectories of progress but was also attuned to the complexity of Chinese society on the ground. Through his efforts to indigenize sociology, Chen developed a non-Marxist historical materialism, a deterritorialized and pluralistic conceptualization of China as a nation, and a theory of eugenic transformation centered on the concept of “mode of living.” The questions which Chen Da confronted are emblematic of the predicament faced by Chinese social scientists today, who again struggle with the dynamics of a deterritorialzied “Greater China,” rising social fragmentation, and refigured eugenic discourses and policies that aim to craft the Chinese people into ideal national subjects fit for post-socialist development.

Cultural fit, knowledge transfer and innovation performance: a study of Malaysian offshore international joint ventures

Research on joint ventures suggests that cultural fit between ally organizations facilitates knowledge transfer, while knowledge transfer enhances their innovativeness. Yet, from the perspective of developing nations, the antecedents and consequences of knowledge transfer remain underexplored. This study examined the mediating effect of knowledge transfer on the relationship between cultural fit and joint-venture innovation performance among Malaysian offshore international joint ventures. It made two contributions, first by examining three different constructs of innovation, namely market, strategic and behavioural; and second by using bootstrapping to test the mediating effect. The results affirm that both organizational and national cultural fit are positive determinants of knowledge transfer. However, knowledge transfer mediates the effect of cultural fit only on market and strategic innovativeness, while behavioural innovativeness is not significantly enhanced. The findings suggest that in developing countries, the effect of knowledge transfer on behavioural innovativeness is possibly moderated by other factors such as internal managerial values and government policies.

C-IC fit predicts performance: Insights from national culture and national intellectual capital fit

Since the 1980s, organizational culture has emerged as an important stream of management research. Although its main effect on organizational performance has been reported, some scholars found that...

Promotability of Host‐Country Nationals: A Cross‐Cultural Study

Drawing on person–environment fit and national identity theory, the article proposes that person–national culture fit is likely to influence the promotability of host‐country nationals in multinational firms. Focusing on fit with upward influence tactics, it suggests that the parent company's national culture influences managerial expectations of host‐country nationals in foreign subsidiaries. It argues that host‐country managers who demonstrate upward influence tactics that are culturally appropriate to the parent company's national culture will be more promotable than those who do not. Higher‐level supervisors were asked to assess the promotability of two direct subordinates, who were independently surveyed about the upward influence tactics they used. The study contrasted ingratiation, exchange of benefits and coalition, and directness influence tactics of host‐country nationals in domestic Ecuadorian firms with American and German multinationals in Ecuador. Compatible with our hypotheses, data from a sample of 79 firms suggest that exchange of benefits and coalition are more likely to be associated with promotability in German than in domestic Ecuadorian firms. In addition, upward‐appeal assertiveness is more likely to be associated with promotability in American than in domestic Ecuadorian firms.

The Status, Role and Accountability of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court: A Comparative Overview on the Basis of 33 National Reports

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