National Economic Stability Research Articles

Forecasting the Volatility of Tuna Fish Prices in North Sumatra using the ARCH Method in the Period January - April 2024

Tuna (Euthynnus affinis) is one of the most important fisheries commodities in Indonesia with significant economic value, especially in its contribution to fisheries export revenue. However, the price of tuna experiences significant fluctuations that can affect local and national economic stability. This study analyzes the daily price fluctuations of tuna in the North Sumatra market from January 1, 2024 to April 29, 2024 using a time series analysis approach. Daily price data were collected and analyzed to identify existing price patterns and volatility. The Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model was selected to address the heteroscedasticity in the data, which suggests that the volatility of tuna prices can be well predicted based on past price behavior. The analysis steps include identifying the optimal ARCH model using the Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF), as well as testing parameter significance and normality assumptions to validate the model fit. The results show that the ARMA (1,0,0) model is the optimal one to model the price volatility of yellow tuna with the MAPE obtained of 2.382. compared to the ARMA-ARCH method with the MAPE value obtained of 2,747. Because it still contains heteroskedasticity effects, even though the results are good, the prediction results do not closely match the original data. The model is effective in improving price forecasting accuracy, which is important to support decision-making in risk management and economic planning in the fisheries sector. The findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of the yellowtail market and optimizing strategies for fisheries management.

Employee Attrition and its Impact on National Cash Flow: A Case Study of the United States Economy in 2024

Purpose: This study investigates key drivers of attrition, including compensation, work environment, age demographics, and remote work dynamics. Methodology: Using real-time data from industry reports and economic indicators, we analyze trends across various sectors and geographic regions. Findings: The findings reveal that younger employees and those in lower compensation brackets are particularly prone to leaving their jobs, exacerbated by the growing demand for remote work flexibility. Furthermore, our analysis uncovers a strong correlation between attrition rates and economic factors such as unemployment and inflation, highlighting the broader economic impact. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study offers valuable insights for policymakers and business leaders aiming to mitigate the adverse effects of attrition on national cash flow and economic stability. By addressing the root causes of employee turnover, organizations can not only retain talent but also contribute to a more resilient economy.

Meningkatkan Kualitas dan Inovasi Produk Sebagai Strategi Pemasaran UMKM Lokal di Desa Bulakan Kecamatan Cinangka

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in Indonesia's economy, particularly through their contributions to the formation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment absorption. MSMEs are also recognized for their strong economic resilience, making them a key pillar of national financial and economic stability. Acknowledging this significance, through the Student Community Service Program (KKM), Group 36 conducted training and mentoring for MSME actors in Bulakan Village over a two-month period. This initiative aimed to enhance the understanding of MSME actors regarding the critical impact of branding, packaging design, and product innovation on marketing strategies. The outcomes of this activity include the creation of distinctive product branding and logos, as well as innovations that have the potential to improve the quality of MSME products.

Integration of smart grid technologies: Implementing advanced procurement strategies leveraging AI and machine learning

Integrating smart grid technologies represents a pivotal advancement in modernizing electrical grids and enhancing efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. This publication explores the role of advanced procurement strategies, specifically leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), in streamlining the sourcing and integration of smart grid components. By examining current challenges, potential solutions, and the impact on national security and economic stability, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive framework for the effective implementation of smart grid technologies. The traditional electrical grid, characterized by its centralized generation and unidirectional power flow, faces numerous challenges, such as inefficiency, susceptibility to outages, and inability to integrate renewable energy sources effectively (Brown et al., 2020). The transformation to a smart grid infrastructure, which incorporates digital communication technology and advanced sensors, promises significant improvements. However, the transition is fraught with challenges, particularly in the procurement and integration of the necessary components. One of the primary challenges in smart grid integration is the complexity of supply chains. The procurement of smart grid components involves multiple stakeholders, including manufacturers, suppliers, and regulatory bodies. This complexity often leads to delays, increased costs, and inefficiencies (Smith & Wang, 2019). Additionally, the high initial costs of smart grid technologies pose a barrier to widespread adoption. Traditional procurement methods struggle to balance cost-efficiency with the need for high-quality, durable components, often resulting in budget overruns or compromised quality.

Quantifying the influence of natural resources rent, financial development, and institutional quality on energy security risk

Access to stable energy sources is crucial for sustaining economic development, providing public services, and safeguarding the wellbeing of individuals, making it a crucial component of national security and economic stability. Thus, an affordable and ample amount of energy is crucial for mitigating energy security risks. In this regard, a country needs to investigate the factors that can mitigate the risks related to energy security. The available literature on determinants related to energy security is limited. This research employs a novel cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag model to examine the effects of natural resources rent, financial development, and institutional quality on energy security risk. The findings show that the natural resources rent, financial development, institutional quality index, voice and accountability, regulatory quality, political stability, government effectiveness, the rule of law, and control of corruption all help mitigate the energy security risk in the long run. In the short run, only financial development helps mitigate the energy security risks. The control variables of gross domestic product and trade increase the energy security risks, while the information and communications technology mitigates risks related to energy security in the long run. The findings help policymakers understand how the interaction of these factors helps reduce energy security risks.

«ЗЕЛЕНИЙ» ОБЛІК В УКРАЇНІ ТА ЗА ЇЇ МЕЖАМИ: НАБУТТЯ ДОСВІДУ

The existent approaches to a «green» account need to examine not only, from the necessity of maintenance of natural resources and guard of environment, but also as a process that integrates life with social aspects, by financial operations and influences on all spheres of economic activity and its safety. Therefore, using experience of foreign countries, it need green account to implement to the different spheres of national economy, applying the wide set of tools of analysis, evaluation, audit, monitoring and digitalization. The purpose of the research is expansion of limits of perception of «green» account in a theory and practice of instrument of management modern socio-economic development as on the level development level of separate business of region and national economy. The object of the research is a process of expansion the traditional account and including for its of instruments of ecology and social responsibility of business. The method of the research became modern methods and principles of scientific cognition, methods and methodologies of realization of audit, instruments of financial and economic analysis, principles of social responsibility of business that will allow to enter the existent approaches a «green account» in a modern theory and practice of traditional account that influences on steady and stability of national economy. The hypothesis of the research became a supposition about possibility of introduction of foreign mechanisms and instruments of «green» account in a theory in practice of traditional account. The statement of basic materials. It is well-proven that the task of «green» account there is harmonization the protection of environment with socio-economic and technological activity with helps by means of account instruments. It is confirmed, that a «green» account becomes the constituent of conception of steady development today, what proclaimed UN, and its main tendencies spread the input of the ecological development systems on all levels of management, using renewable energy, diminishing contamination of air, water, abbreviating the volumes of placing of wastes and so on. It is offered to the existent types of public account to add an ecological audit, which is sent to the search verification of observance of real ecological internals, standards and requirements that is pulled out by society. It is marked that «green» account allows obtaining information about charges and receipts of ecological benefits, which helps administrative composition to control, make decision, report and protect an environment. It is showed the list of benefits reasonable that it is possible to get if input of foreign experience of the using «green» account in the traditional system of account in Ukraine. The originality and practical significance of the research are confirmed by the ground of necessity of the using all elements, instruments and constituents of «green» account at a traditional account. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. It is well-proven that it is necessary to change approaches to «green» account, especially in a post-war period, because «green» account includes the economic, social and evaluation ecological aspects of enterprises activity that should be concerted with the landscape of country and its territories. A «green» account now become control system by all ecological charges that take into attention different general interests for strengthening of ecological state and socio-economic safety of environment. And this situation are allowing the determination of standards, rules and criteria, which should be reasonable and codification on the basis of certain practical experience, with bringing competent domestic and international organizations to forming of the special standards of «green» account for inhibition and normalization of ecological and socio-economic situation in a country and its territories. Further researches will be sent to the input of the special educational programs on the first, second and third educational levels and on the courses of in-plant training all professional directions that are the experience of successful global development of world community.

Правові механізми забезпечення інформаційної безпеки в Україні

The article considers the legal mechanisms for ensuring information security. It has been proven that today, more than ever, when there is a war in Ukraine, the issue of ensuring information security becomes especially relevant and significant, as the information space becomes a “battlefield” on a par with the war front. Enemy forces actively use informational and psychological operations to destabilize the situation inside our country, create panic, spread fakes and undermine trust in state institutions. In these conditions, the state’s policy becomes important, which should be integral and effective in countering these threats. An effective state policy in the field of information security will help ensure society’s resilience to information threats, strengthen trust in state institutions, and maintain stability in crisis conditions. The author’s understanding of information security is offered as a state of security of information resources and information systems, which ensures their confidentiality, integrity, availability and reliability, as well as protection against unauthorized access, disclosure, modification, destruction and other forms of abuse that may lead to a violation of national security, economic stability and social order. The main components of information security, which are the basis for information security for the state as a whole, individual bodies or private enterprises, are called confidentiality, integrity and availability. The main components of the mechanism for ensuring information security, in the opinion of the author, should be: technical (creation of appropriate technical infrastructure to ensure the functioning of information security), political (development of state policy aimed at ensuring information security) and legal (adoption of high-quality normative legal acts that will determine all information security measures). These three components complement each other and are key to creating an effective system of protection against information threats.

Fake Indian Currency Detection

The proliferation of counterfeit currency poses a significant threat to both individuals and the national economy. While existing fake currency detection tools are primarily accessible to banks and large enterprises, everyday people and small businesses remain susceptible. Thus, this project aims to delve into the security features of Indian currency and develop a software solution leveraging advanced image processing and computer vision techniques to detect and neutralize counterfeit notes. Counterfeiting currency poses a genuine menace to both the populace's well-being and the nation's economic stability. Although counterfeit currency detection tools exist, their accessibility is typically confined to banking institutions and corporate entities, leaving ordinary citizens and small enterprises susceptible to fraud. Thus, this project endeavours to examine the diverse security attributes of Indian currency and subsequently craft a software-driven apparatus capable of discerning and nullifying counterfeit Indian currency through sophisticated image processing and computer vision methodologies. Notably, this currency authentication system will be meticulously crafted using the Python programming language within the Jupyter Notebook framework.

Fluktuasi Nilai Eksport dan Impor Minyak dan Gas Penerapan Permendag No 21 Tahun 2019 Berbasis Nilai Nilai Kebangsaan UUD 1945 Untuk Stabilisasi Ekonomi Dalam Negri.

Various factors, including changes in commodity prices, domestic production, trade policies, and geopolitical considerations, can impact the value of oil and gas imports and exports. In addition to technological innovation, economic fluctuations can also be influenced by changes in global demand, domestic production, and trade policies. The value of oil and gas imports and exports may experience fluctuations over time and between nations. The Perdag No. 21 of 2019 and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2001 pertaining to oil and natural gas govern export and import regulations, respectively. These documents provide a clear framework for the management of oil and natural gas resources in Indonesia and aim to harmonize regulations in the oil and gas sector. Natural gas, in addition to enhancing industry oversight and transparency, should be subject to scrutiny, as economic development can be influenced by export and import revenues. The government can subsequently manipulate this information to curb inflation, thereby contributing to the preservation of the nation's economic stability.

A systematic framework for compilation of critical raw material lists and their importance for South Africa

Mineral resources are important contributors to the global economy and societal wellbeing. Directly, they provide employment, revenue and taxes through the extraction, processing and sale of minerals. Indirectly, they are essential to all modern industries, including: energy, manufacturing, construction, biotic and abiotic resource extraction and agriculture. The principle that ‘one cannot understand the value of what they have until they measure it’ is particularly relevant with critical raw materials (CRMs). CRM is a concept that categorises select resources (mainly minerals and metals) as critical in the sense that, at a national level, they are essential and difficult to replace, and their supply is prone to disruption. It is becoming increasingly recognised that the continuity of civilisation and living standards as some have envisioned them in the future is constrained by the quality and quantity of various minerals. National-level strategic planning, including energy policy, foreign relations policy, geopolitical operations, national defence, education and infrastructure planning, among others, all require knowledge of the requirement and supply of raw materials towards a practical strategic implementation. Hence, a national CRM framework is essential for a prosperous, productive and stable future. To effectively manage the supply and use of CRMs, it is important to comprehend both their formal (e.g., economic) and informal (e.g., social and environmental) values, and to measure and monitor these values effectively over time. This study examines international practices and methodologies as components of a comprehensive CRM framework. We then propose a prototype CRM framework for South Africa as such a framework is currently missing.All CRM frameworks feature one or more rating schemes to identify the degree of criticality of raw materials. The actual rating metrics are divided into dimensions (or factors), such as: socio-economic importance, technological importance, environmental, social and governance risks. Such dimensions are important due to the following reasons.•Delineating criticality from non-criticality: by rank-ordering CRMs based on various factors, a country can identify which ones are the most important for its economy, industry and national security. This information can help policymakers prioritise the development of domestic production and secure a stable supply of CRMs.•Assessing resource sustainability and supply stability: by rating CRMs based on environmental, social and ethical factors, a country can assess the sustainability of its resource use and identify areas for improvement. This information can help policymakers develop strategies to mitigate resource depletion, and supply chain disruption, minimise negative environmental and social impacts, and promote responsible resource management.•Supporting informed decision-making: an ordered ranking of CRMs provides quantitative and qualitative information to governmental bodies, industry and other stakeholders to support informed decision-making, including strategic planning. This information can help stakeholders make informed choices about the sources and types of CRMs they use and the sustainability of their resource use.•Promoting transparency and accountability: adopting suitable business ethical dimensions, such as through a corporate social responsibility framework, enables a country to promote transparency and accountability in its resource use and supply chains. This approach can help reduce illicit financial flows, corruption, and abuse of power, while increasing trust and confidence in the resource sector.•Innovation and investment opportunities: a CRM framework enables a nation to establish policy conditions that foster innovation and investment in key activities such as measuring, monitoring, sustainability, extracting, responsible processing, and efficient use of CRMs.Findings from this study underscores the necessity of a structured CRM framework in South Africa to effectively manage the complexities of resource management, economic ground, and sustainability. Integrating these frameworks into national policies can enable South Africa to secure a sustainable, economically viable, and environmentally responsible future. Such strategic initiatives are impor tant for national security, industrial policy, structural transformation, and economic stability, as well as aligning with global initiatives for responsible sourcing and climate change.

Impact of Internet of Things (IoT) on Enhancing Transparency and Efficiency in Bangladesh's Agri-food Supply Chain

Background: The agri-food supply chain in Bangladesh is crucial for the nation's sustenance and economic stability but faces challenges like lack of transparency, inefficiencies, and information asymmetry. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies offers transformative potential, enhancing the Transparent Physical and Information Flow (PHF) and thereby influencing the Transparency in the Agri-food Supply Chain (TASC). Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of IoT integration on PHF and its subsequent effect on TASC in Bangladesh, framed around two core hypotheses: the significant influence of IoT on PHF and the consequent impact of an IoT-enhanced PHF on TASC. Methods: Employing a comprehensive methodological framework, the study utilized IBM SPSS for exploratory factor analysis and IBM AMOS for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the relationships between IoT technologies, PHF, and TASC. The analysis was based on data collected from 400 respondents in Bangladesh's agriculture sector. Results and Conclusion: The findings validate both hypotheses, demonstrating a significant and positive impact of IoT technologies on PHF and, subsequently, on TASC. The results highlight the crucial role of IoT in enhancing supply chain transparency and operational efficiency. Implications of the Research: This research provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of IoT technologies in addressing transparency issues within the agri-food supply chain. It underscores the potential of IoT to foster improved decision-making, efficiency, and consumer trust in the agricultural sector, particularly in developing contexts like Bangladesh. Originality/Value: This study contributes original insights into the role of IoT technologies in enhancing the agri-food supply chain's transparency and efficiency. By focusing on the context of Bangladesh, it offers valuable implications for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers, emphasizing the transformative potential of IoT in agricultural supply chain management.

The Impact of U.S. Foreign Aids on the Post-War Development of South Korea

The United States mainly exerted influence on the stability of the Korean regime and the historical development of the Korean Peninsula from the two aspects of military and economic aid, thus enabling the post-war Korean society to establish rapid development into a capitalist country. The topic of this article is how Syngman Rhee's government shaped South Korea's postwar development through U.S. foreign aid during and after the Korean War. The actions and decisions of the U.S. and South Korean governments during and after the Korean War influenced the path of development in Korea. The study found that the United States has aided South Korea both militarily and economically. The reason South Korea receives aid is for national reconstruction, political stability, and economic stability. Syngman Rhee's government maximized the use of foreign aid for these three goals and established the authority of its political position while achieving social development in South Korea.

The Role of Accountants in Facing Economic Digitalization Towards The Era of Society 5.0

In preparation for the era of Society 5.0, economic digitization has brought drastic changes that have triggered the evolution of the accounting profession. The Society 5.0 zone is seen as an area that encourages interaction between humans, technology and robots to improve the quality of life. Economic digitalization is a global phenomenon that is driving structural changes in the business and financial sectors. In the modern informatics era, technological advances have had a significant impact on accounting practices and strategic decision making by organizations. This research aims to track the development of economic digitalization and provide an overview of the important role of accountants in the context of Society 5.0. The results of this research show that the role of advanced accountants must be broad and flexible in order to participate in the digital revolution that is taking place. Competent and responsive accounting professionals will play a vital role in promoting national economic stability and competitiveness, as the country advances towards Society 5.0.

PACWIMA and the Transformation of Fijian Women in the Maritime Sector

The Pacific Women in Maritime Organization (PACWIMA) is a regional organization in the Pacific focused on empowering women to enhance their participation in the maritime sector. This regional organization serves as an international response to crucial issues such as gender inequality and sexual harassment, which contribute to the limited involvement of women in the maritime sector. Island nations like Fiji, heavily reliant on the maritime sector as a primary driver of national progress, also face these challenges. Through this research, we can gain insights into PACWIMA's role in addressing gender issues in Fiji's maritime sector and its contribution to promoting increased female participation. The study employs a qualitative research method with a case study framework and utilizes a feminist perspective, particularly liberal feminism, to analyze gender issues in this context. The findings indicate that PACWIMA can enhance women's roles in Fiji's maritime sector and mitigate gender-related problems within the industry. Beyond promoting gender equality in the maritime sector, PACWIMA also contributes to national economic stability by actively involving women as economic actors in the maritime sector.

Postponement Of Elections Perspective Of Constitutional Law In The Indonesian Constitution

Elections are a democratic party for the people as the holder of the highest sovereignty, namely electing members of the DPR, DPD, president, and vice president by the 1945 Constitution article 22E paragraph "general elections are carried out directly, publicly, freely, secretly, honestly and fairly every five once a year." However, due to recent issues saying that the 2024 election will be postponed, which was proposed by several political party leaders and one of President Joko Widodo's ministers for reasons of maintaining national economic stability, the author tries to divert research on the issue of postponing elections from maintaining financial stability to the realm of state administration and constitution. The author uses qualitative research methods because the data source and results of this research are from library research in the form of descriptions of words. In this research, secondary data sources are used where data sources include books, articles, and journals. Data collection techniques are generally carried out by looking for data sources so that this research is carried out only based on written works, including research results that have been published, and that still need to be published. With the discussions and the results of the research, the author can conclude that if the issue of postponing the election is implemented, then it is unconstitutional or a violation of the Indonesian constitution and state administration; if this discourse is implemented by the government unilaterally without considering the will and opinion of the people.

South Korea: Impact of The Ukraine and Russia conflict

The specter of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict looms large, casting a long and unsettling shadow across the tapestry of the global economy. Its chilling tendrils reach even the most seemingly insulated corners, ensnaring nations like South Korea in its vortex. This vibrant Asian tiger, deeply entwined in the intricate web of global trade, finds itself thrust into the maelstrom of this geopolitical quagmire. The economic ramifications, far from being mere ripples, have unfurled in a multifaceted storm, presenting a formidable challenge to the nation's economic stability and demanding a nuanced and multifaceted response. At the heart of this economic tempest lies the intricate web of financial sanctions woven by a resolute coalition of nations against Russia. These measures, meticulously crafted to sever the arteries of the Russian war machine and isolate its economy, have sent tremors through the very foundations of global finance. Traditional trade and investment flows, once predictable currents, have become turbulent eddies, swirling with uncertainty and risk aversion. South Korea, with its extensive economic tentacles reaching across the dynamic landscapes of Europe and Asia, has inevitably felt the tremors of this financial earthquake. Navigating this altered landscape, where familiar landmarks have shifted and once-reliable harbors now harbor hidden shoals, presents a significant challenge to the nation's financial institutions and policymakers. The delicate dance of mitigating potential exposure to the unfolding economic turbulence requires a deftness of footwork and a keen eye for the ever-shifting sands of the global financial market. Further compounding the economic woes is the pronounced surge in the prices of vital commodities, particularly energy and agricultural products. Both Russia and Ukraine, hitherto considered reliable bastions of resource abundance, have seen their production and export capacities crippled by the conflict. This disruption has sent shockwaves through international markets, triggering a vertiginous spiral in the prices of these essential resources. South Korea, heavily reliant on imported energy and foodstuffs, finds itself on the receiving end of this price escalation. Inflated import costs threaten to erode the very foundations of consumer purchasing power, casting a long shadow over economic growth and raising the specter of potent inflationary pressures. The specter of empty shelves and rising prices haunts Korean households, adding a layer of human anxiety to the broader economic quandary. Finally, the conflict has thrown international supply chains into disarray. The delicate arteries of global trade, once pulsing with the lifeblood of commerce, have been severely constricted by the disruption of land and sea routes, further exacerbated by the sanctions imposed upon Russia. South Korea, intricately woven into the fabric of these globalized production and trade networks, finds itself grappling with the ramifications of these disruptions. Delays in the delivery of raw materials and manufactured components threaten to hobble its own industrial output and hamper its export competitiveness. The very engines of the Korean economic juggernaut sputter and cough, their rhythm disrupted by the absence of vital parts sourced from across the globe. The anxieties of factory owners and the concerns of everyday workers alike paint a poignant picture of the human cost of this economic maelstrom.

Sealing capacity evaluation of underground gas storage under intricate geological conditions

Evaluating underground gas storage (UGS) sealing capacity is essential for its safe construction and operational efficiency. This involves evaluating both the static sealing capacity of traps during hydrocarbon accumulation and the dynamic sealing capacity of UGS under intensive gas injection and withdrawal, and alternating loads. This study detailed the methodology developed by Sinopec. The approach merges disciplines like geology, geomechanics, and hydrodynamics, employing both dynamic-static and qualitative-quantitative analyses. Sinopec's evaluation methods, grounded in the in situ stress analysis, include mechanistic studies, laboratory tests, geological surveys, stress analysis, and fluid-solid interactions. Through tests on the static and dynamic sealing capacity of UGS, alongside investigations into sealing mechanisms and the geological and geomechanical properties of cap rocks and faults, A geomechanics - rock damage - seepage mechanics dynamic coupling analysis method has been developed to predict in situ stress variations relative to pore pressure changes during UGS operations and evaluate fault sealing capacity and cap rock integrity, thereby setting the maximum operational pressures. Utilizing this evaluation technique, Sinopec has defined performance metrics and criteria for evaluating the sealing capacity of depleted gas reservoirs, enabling preliminary sealing capacity evaluations at UGS sites. These evaluations have significantly informed the design of UGS construction schemes and the evaluation of fault sealing capacity and cap rock integrity during UGS operations.

Enhancing Investment Performance and Sustainability in the Maldives Insurance Industry

The role of the insurance industry in national economic stability is indispensable, particularly in developing nations like the Maldives. Despite substantial potential, the industry's penetration levels remain below desired thresholds. This research aims to investigate the performance of Maldivian insurance companies, focusing on investment-related aspects. Drawing from existing literature on global insurance sectors, the study formulates hypotheses and employs multiple regression and qualitative analysis on primary data from the Maldives insurance industry. The findings suggest a collective influence of various factors on the financial performance of the sector. Additionally, the study explores preferred investment instruments over different time durations and identifies challenges hindering optimal investment returns. The research provides recommendations for stakeholders to enhance the investment climate, fostering sustainability and collaborative initiatives within the industry.

An Overview Regarding the U.S domestic Economic Strategies: Role of Think Tanks

Even though federal government of U.S play the primary role in managing the nations various systems such as fiscal policy, healthcare, defense and welfare, the existence of different political ideologies plays a part in national and international stability[1] , in sense that each ideology strategy in managing economic issues reach a different conclusion, proved by the numerous economical tragedies such as the greater recession , implements the bases of each ideologies perspective on government's role in reducing economic inequality, addressing job displacement due to technological change, and striking a balance between free market principles and government intervention during economic crises.1 To discuss the economical view of each side, one must fully understand in clarity the differences between two ideologies, in simplest form liberalism is described by the government's sole responsibly in preserving freedom protections its citizens individual liberty while also minimizing its intervention in its citizens lives, on the other hand, conservatism allows the government vast influence thus to conserve the established norms and institutions such as the cultural and religious traditions of its nation. While this is nearly the correct definition of what each ideology stands for, such political movements do tend to abuse power through the ideological privileges they stand for. Furthermore, the existence of the federal government is crucial in interfering with conservative or liberal administrations when their policies threaten economic stability. Federal governments’ regulatory agencies such as federal reserves and the Environmental protection agencies exist to act as checks on extreme economic policies. Under a conservative administration that Favors deregulation and reduced taxes, the federal government may intervene to prevent excessive corporate power or environmental harm that could arise from such policies.[2] Conversely, in a liberal administration pushing for expansive social programs or aggressive tax hikes, the federal government’s budgetary and constitutional frameworks can limit excessive spending or prevent overreach that may stifle economic growth.[3] Thus, regardless of the political ideology in power, the federal government ensures a balanced approach to economic management by safeguarding essential public interests while keeping national economic stability.

БАЛАНС МІЖ ПРОЗОРІСТЮ ТА БЕЗПЕКОЮ В УПРАВЛІННІ ДЕРЖАВНИМИ ЗАКУПІВЛЯМИ В КРИЗОВИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ

The article examines the intricate balance between transparency and security in managing public procurement processes during crisis situations, focusing on the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. Based on empirical data and theoretical foundations, the research explores the challenges and strategies associated with maintaining accountability while simultaneously protecting sensitive information. Key themes include the classification of procurement contracts, mechanisms for ensuring transparency and public oversight, and promoting fair competition under security threats. The findings shed light on best practices and policy implications for effective procurement management during crises, particularly in the context of national security and economic stability. Public procurement plays a crucial role during crises, serving as a mechanism for rapid mobilization and distribution of resources where they are most needed. This significance is heightened during crises such as the conflict in Ukraine, where the need for swift and efficient procurement of goods, services, and infrastructure is critical to supporting military efforts and humanitarian aid. The challenge lies in balancing the urgency of procurement with principles of transparency and security, ensuring that processes remain resilient to corruption and inefficiency while meeting pressing needs. Achieving transparency and security in public procurement requires a multifaceted approach. This includes establishing a robust legal framework, implementing advanced digital platforms that facilitate e-procurement, and adhering to strict security protocols. Public accessibility to procurement information, stakeholder participation, and mechanisms for contestation and dispute resolution are also vital components. These measures not only prevent abuse but also encourage broader participation in procurement processes, thereby stimulating competition and innovation. The analysis emphasizes the importance of electronic procurement systems, such as ProZorro, and the implementation of international standards and recommendations to achieve an optimal balance between transparency and security.