National Disaster Management System Research Articles

Reforming the Incident Management System in the Health System: A Perspective Article

Background: A coordinated disaster response needs a well-organized structure and a locally adapted framework. In light of this, the COVID-19 pandemic offered an opportunity to renovate the response structure, which exhibited deficiencies during the pandemic. Iran shares the experience of an integrated response structure named the reform incidents command system (RICS). It includes an integrated approach in which the organization lacks a unified commander in favor of a set of goals. Materials and Methods: This perspective article shows how Iran can develop its national disaster management system as seen through an expert’s review perspective. Results: This paper elaborates on the RICS concept. This concept removes the challenges of unifying different thoughts and objectives by instilling a shared mental model to improve teamwork. Conclusion: This is one of the first articles to discuss the main joint goals of team members, encouraging collaboration between different parts of the team when interdependent organizations must coordinate their responses.

An AHP-based prioritization model for bridge maintenance after natural disasters

ABSTRACT The island of Taiwan’s location, topography, and weak geological structure make its bridges vulnerable to the destructive effects of natural disasters. This was revealed in the aftermath of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and 2009 Typhoon Morakot, which severely damaged hundreds of bridges across several cities and counties. In crises like these, the immediate restoration of bridges to their pre-disaster levels of safety and serviceability is of the utmost importance, as they serve as critical channels for emergency response and socio-economic recovery. However, the national disaster management system currently lacks an efficient strategy for dealing with such situations. This paper proposes an AHP-based prioritization model to support bridge officials in establishing the order of priority for post-disaster bridge maintenance actions. Through the evaluation of twelve decision criteria, bridges are ranked and categorized according to their vulnerability to disaster-induced damage and their strategic importance. The model uses the information available from the Taiwan Bridge Management System (TBMS) and can be applied to bridge maintenance management following disasters triggered by earthquakes, typhoons, or floods. A case study based on the 2018 Hualien earthquake was performed to demonstrate the model’s utility.

Measure of Utilizing Space Database Information for Improvement of Efficient Disaster Management (Focusing on Nuclear Power Plant Accidents)

The damage caused by disasters is increasing worldwide, with hundreds of thousands of deaths due to the occurrence of complex large-scale disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the 2004 Indian tsunami. South Korea has also experienced human casualties and damage to property caused by large-scale disasters in the past 10 years. Accordingly, a disaster-appropriate response measure is needed. Thus, we conducted this study to present a measure of utilizing spatial database and image information to improve the efficiency of disaster management that is operated based on the country’s existing national disaster management system. We present an efficient disaster response measure that differs from the existing collection-, reporting-, and propagation-oriented operating methods of disaster information through the use of spatial database and image-based information that can be combined with mandatory information with regard to nuclear power plant accidents. Thus, this study contributes to deriving a system that could collect and provide information rapidly at the time of disaster by defining the attribute and spatial information required at the time of disaster during nuclear power plant accidents and by deriving available systems and providing institutions.

A Study on the Interconnection between National Disaster Management System and Private Disaster Prevention IT Technology through Application

In order to strengthen the disaster prevention phase and the management of social disasters, we will examine the plan of To-Be disaster management system interconnected by using intelligent information technologies such as IoT, Cloud, Big Data, Mobile and AI. The disaster management system can be upgraded by constructing an intelligent infrastructure based on Big Data analysis of the disaster signals before and after the disasters generated by private mobile and IoT. Big Data of disaster Signals can be customized to users in a timely manner through AI methodologies of supervised and unsupervised learning and reinforcement training. In the long term, it is expected that not only will the capacity of disaster response be improved, but the management ability centering on prevention will be enhanced as well.

Selection of Small Stream Basins and Characteristics Analysis of Closed-circuit Television-based Automated Discharge Measurement Technology

The purpose of this study is to produce a guideline for collecting essential data, such as hydraulic and hydrologic data, in unmeasured streams. Most small streams are unmeasured basins, and sufficient data has not been collected for designing floods to achieve adequate disaster response and management. The flood design of unmeasured streams in Korea is typically performed using numerical-based analysis and stochastic methods. However, it is known that the most suitable method is the flood frequency analysis using observed flood data. In this study, a field survey of 89 small streams across the country for two years (2018 and 2019) was performed to select the optimum sites for measuring the flow rates. A total of 79 small streams were selected, excluding small streams that failed to satisfy the criteria for conformity with the closed-circuit television-based automatic discharge measurement technology (CADMT). In addition, information on the characteristics of the small streams was collected from the National Disaster Management System to analyze the correlations between the selected streams. The results showed that the correlations significantly depended on the basin area. If we classify the small streams according to the basin area and then select the small measuring stream to apply CADMT, we can obtain useful hydraulic data from the various small streams.

Strengthening emergency preparedness and response systems: experience from Indonesia

Indonesia has made excellent progress on emergency preparedness in compliance with the International Health Regulations, 2005, including a joint external evaluation (JEE) of IHR core capacities in 2017. Development of the National action plan for health security (NAPHS) began soon after the JEE, through multisectoral coordination and collaboration and with the support of a presidential instruction. The logic model approach was used to develop the NAPHS, and provided a robust framework to ensure that activities were linked to indicators at the various capacity levels delineated in the JEE. The NAPHS includes a comprehensive tool within which monitoring and evaluation are completely separated and different indicators applied. Furthermore, development of the NAPHS was done in parallel and in line with that of the National medium-term development plan 2020-2024, which included a focus on health system strengthening based on the primary health-care approach. An innovative approach taken in 2018 was the inclusion of emergency preparedness in the mandatory minimum service standards for provincial and district governments. These standards clearly articulate the importance of local emergency preparedness in Indonesia's decentralized governance through the development of contingency plans and simulation exercises for natural disasters and potential disease outbreaks. Development of the NAPHS has benefited from Indonesia's extensive experience in pandemic influenza preparedness planning and exercises, integrated with a national disaster management system. By signing the Delhi Declaration on Emergency Preparedness in the South-East Asia Region, Indonesia has signalled its commitment to implementing the NAPHS in full, focusing on enhanced emergency preparedness at all administrative levels.

A Study on the Development of Loss Function for Local River Facilities

According to the statistics on damage caused by natural disasters over the past decade, most public facilities were damaged by heavy rains and typhoons. Among them, the most extensive damage was sustained by river facilities. Currently, damage to public facilities in Korea is estimated using the multidimensional method, but it is an indirect estimation for calculating damage related to private facilities by multiplying the ratio factor. In this study, river damage data in the National Disaster Management System DB, velocity for physical characteristics, and sinuosity for topographic characteristics of the stream were used to estimate the cost of damage to local stream facilities. A loss function for local river facilities was developed by applying removal techniques for statistical abnormal data from the collected data. The developed loss function can be used as basic data for river disaster mitigation measures by estimating the extent of damage to the river from heavy rains and typhoons in the future. Keywords: Loss Function, River Facilities, Public Facilities, Local River

Roles of Public Health Disaster Response Team within the National Disaster Response System in South Korea

In South Korea, Public Health Disaster Response Team (PHDRT) has been organized by every Community Health Center since 2016. When a disaster or accident with heavy casualties is expected to occur, PHDRT is dispatched. This study shed light on the role of PHDRT within the Korean National Disaster Response System by analyzing the related law and regulations, their activities, and interviews with disaster medical professionals. PHDRT is the part of the national disaster management system in Korea, organized under the Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety. As of 2018, there was a total of 468 teams and 2,557 members, mostly consisting of physicians, nurses and administrators. The roles of PHDRT in disaster medical response include early triage, medical resource planning, patient transportation, support of on-site emergency care, and media relations and communications. To facilitate the activities of PHDRT, their roles need to be well defined and supported by legal and institutional frameworks, along with individual and organizational efforts to strengthen capacity.

A Content Analysis of Disaster Nursing Education in Korean and Japanese Universities

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of disaster nursing education at universities in Korea and Japan, with focus on textbooks. Methods: Disaster nursing contents from 11 Korean community health nursing textbooks and 3 Japanese disaster nursing textbooks were analysed. Results: Three themes and 8 categories of disaster nursing content in the selected textbooks were analyzed. The themes classified include ‘understanding of disaster’, ‘disaster management’ and ‘disaster management system’. The theme of ‘understanding of disaster’ consists of such categories as ‘disaster concept/outline’, ‘classification of disaster’, ‘disaster management step’ and ‘disaster impact’. The theme of ‘disaster management activities’ consists of categories such as ‘disaster management activities’ and ‘disaster nursing’. The theme of ‘national disaster management system’ consists of categories like ‘national disaster management system’ and ‘international disaster relief’. From the comparison of disaster nursing education in the two countries, we found that themes were similar but there were differences between the two countries in content configuration. Korea and Japan have adopted the framework of International Council of Nurses for disaster nursing education. Korea stressed legal and ethical capabilities, while Japan included psychological support for disaster management service providers. Conclusion: Disaster education is an important factor in a nurse’s ability for a disaster management. Development of a comprehensive disaster education program is necessary to enhance disaster care capacities.

Burn Mass Casualty and Disaster

Background – The coordination of response to burn mass casualty incidents and disasters is complex and require coordination of medical resources and personnel. Casualties may have sustained thermal injury and/ or inhalation injury such as from a structural fire in an industrial complex or suffer combined thermal and poly-traumatic injury from an explosive device in an act of terrorism. These events require highly trained medical personnel for the initial response and for continued care in local medical facilities. Summary – We re-visit the fire in Cocoanut Grove night club in 1942. This incident led to the development of an organized response to a burn mass casualty incident. This also led to the refinement of burn care. Next, we re-examine the response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Many lessons learned from the response of an incident of this magnitude. The response to a mass casualty incident in which a significant proportion of patients have thermal injuries is reviewed and triage, transport to local medical facilities and transport to regional burn center phases are reviewed in detail. Finally, the role of the National Disaster Management System (NDMS), the Department of Defense (DOD), local/ state emergency response systems and the American Burn Association (ABA) are discussed. Conclusion – The response to burn disasters and mass casualty incidents is thoroughly reviewed in the manuscript.

Conventional Disaster Management: Issues and Challenges towards Muslims

This paper aims to identify the concept and strategy of conventional disaster management and to analyze the issues and challenges towards Muslims. Conventional disaster management is a management concept that is dominant nowadays. It has been applied and implemented by several countries including Malaysia when disasters struck. Despite of the various action plans and strategies of coordination for national disaster management system, the disaster continually hit especially heavy floods in 2014 and earthquake in 2015 that were deemed as most horrific disasters. Implementation of the existing management cannot curb the problems that arise in those catastrophes. More worrying, the conventional management applied to manage the disaster’s victims majorly are for Muslims. Hence, the problems are what are the concepts and strategies in conventional disaster management? What are the issues and challenges in conventional management towards Muslims? Thus, twofold of main objectives are prepared to answer these questions. First, identifying the concept of conventional disaster management. Second, to analyze the issues and challenges to the implementation of conventional disaster management towards Muslims. This study utilizing qualitative design by exploration method. Then, the library research method used as a method of data collection. The data collected has been analyzed using content analysis data. Results from this study identified two categories of conventional disaster management. Also, it can be identified the seven critical issues in this study. This study is regarded necessary for Islamic disaster management to refill the needs of Muslim community.

A Study on Improvement of National Disaster Management System through the MERS Outbreak in Korea

A Study on Improvement of National Disaster Management System through the MERS Outbreak in Korea

Implications of U.S. National Disaster Management System to Korea

Implications of U.S. National Disaster Management System to Korea

국가재난관리체제 관점의 화학사고 대응체계 개선방안에 관한 연구

Since the hydrofluoric acid spill accident in Gumi in 2012, the current situation has continued to suffer from makeshift responses or feeble national system maintenance in preparing real countermeasures against chemical accidents, regardless of their repeated occurrence and seriousness. Industrial chemical accidents have an enormous ripple effect on the whole country and society. The purpose of this study is to propose ways of establishing directions for the national disaster management system against repeated occurrence of chemical accidents. To achieve this goal, the present study proposed improvement measures of response system for industrial chemical accident through the analysis of the current response system and structural causes of disaster control failure for chemical accidents.

Activation and variation of the United Nation’s cluster coordination model: a comparative analysis of the Haiti and Japan disasters

The coordinated response to extreme events is critical as illustrated by recent disasters in Haiti and Japan. As a way for coordinated provision of international humanitarian assistance to disaster-hit countries, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) developed cluster coordination model (CCM). With content analysis and network analysis of OCHA situation reports, this study checked four premises regarding activation of CCM, interaction between national and international actors, roles of proximity country, and level of cluster coordination. This study found that there were meaningful variations in implementing the CCM for 2010 Haiti and 2011 Japan disasters. From the analyses, we found that the current CCM may be vulnerable to black swan disasters; thus, extensive and active estimation of national disaster management capacities should be conducted to prevent collapse of national disaster management system. However, the reconciliation of state sovereignty and international humanitarian assistance also should be considered.

Flood Disaster Management in Malaysia: An Evaluation of the Effectiveness Flood Delivery System

This paper describes the issues relating to the role of the delivery system provided by the government to the flood victims in Malaysia, pre-disaster, during and post-disaster caused by flooding. Presently, the delivery system in flood management was predominantly an official strategy based on a technology centered approach emphasizing the application of new technologies in flood control, forecasting, warning and evacuation systems. In Malaysia, the National Security Council (MKN) has responsibility for controlling the national disaster management system and this organisation will provide an effective relief machinery for recovery following flooding disaster. Further to that, this paper will attempt to describe the type of flood delivery system that has been used in Malaysia and to draw comparisons with delivery systems in other countries. Index Terms—Flood management approach in Malaysia,

Disaster Planning in Korea

In response to modern events, every nation endeavors to develop plans to meet the challenges of disasters, but it is not possible to be prepared for every event and the ability to respond adequately is often limited. In the Republic of Korea, national disaster response efforts are defined by the Korea Basic Law for Disaster and Safety Management of 2004 and the establishment of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) provides a framework for a holistic disaster prevention and recovery plan. However, the tragedy involving the sinking of the Sewol ferry in 2014 revealed a number of flaws in the current Korean disaster response system. In response to the shortcomings demonstrated in the Sewol incident, both NEMA and the Korean Coast Guard dissolved and the Korean disaster response system is being revised under the creation of the new Ministry of Public Safety and Security. However, the current national disaster management system still has many significant underlying and systematic problems that must be addressed. First, there is confusion concerning the responsible governmental organizations that will handle the various aspects of a comprehensive disaster management plan. Second, the relationships between the laws and government organizations involving planning, managing and reporting are in a vertical relationship, while the entities responsible for the actual response efforts exist in a horizontal relationship. This organizational limitation results in a slowdown of communication and confusion between the responsible parties. Thirdly, and consequently, there is a significant lack of unity and organization between the many organization responsible for disaster response. Finally, an efficient, accurate database of resources available to meet disasters remains to be developed. These and other limitations reveal that there is a significant amount of work that remains in order for Korea to have the same level of disaster response system of other developed nations.

공통경보프로토콜을 대한민국 경보시스템에 적용하기 위한 프로파일 요구사항 연구

When a disaster occurs, effective alerts will reduce human life and property loss. The Integrated Emergency Alert System is a national disaster management system which integrates existing alert systems to deliver effective disaster alerts. Alert message exchange protocol is the essential technology for the System. In Korea, the first specification for “Common Alerting Protocol Profile for Integrated Emergency Alert System” was established in 2014. In this paper, we derive two additional requirements for more enhanced alert service and propose revision of the specification: multilingual alert service for foreigners and more flexible representation of target area. We review the associated foreign profile specifications as well as the domestic specifications to analyze these requirements. Finally, we propose the most efficient way to deliver multilingual alert message and to represent target area. Keyword : Emergency Alert System(EAS), Common Alerting Protocol(CAP) 특집논문 (Special Paper) 방송공학회논문지 제19권 제6호, 2014년 11월 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 6, November 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/JBE.2014.19.6.847 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) 848 방송공학회논문지 제19권 제6호, 2014년 11월 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 6, November 2014)

자연재해 구호물자관리 자동화시스템 구축 및 효과분석

우리나라는 매년 태풍, 홍수 등으로 인한 자연재해가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 특히 최근에는 기후변화 등의 영향으로 인하여 그 피해규모가 점차 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 현행 구호행정의 한 분야인 구호물자의 관리와 배분은 현장에서 정보를 취득하고 사무실에서 다시 국가재난관리시스템(NDMS; National Disaster Management System)에 입력하는 체계로 현장에서의 업무와 사무실에서 업무가 중복되는 점이 있다. 그리고 현장자료를 정리하는데 시간이 많이 소요되고 있으며 수작업으로 구호물자를 관리하기 때문에 실시간 정보공유가 되지 않아서 구호물자의 지급지연 및 이중지급 등의 문제점을 지니고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 U-IT를 기반으로 구호물자를 효율적으로 관리하는 정보화 시스템 구축에 대하여 고찰하였다. 스마트폰과 RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)를 활용한 재해 구호물자 관리가 가능한 모바일 기반의 재해구호 물자관리 자동화 시스템을 개발하고 구축효과를 살펴보았는데, 연간 950백만 원의 예산절감 등 기대효과가 있을 것으로 분석되었다. In Korea, natural disasters such as typhoons and floods occur frequently each year. Recently, however, due to climate change and other factors, the scale of damages from such natural disasters started to steadily increase. Our country existing relief goods management and distribution system, information is collected on the spot and then inputted into the National Disaster Management System (NDMS). Thus, the onsite work is duplicated in the office. Moreover, it takes much time to put the field information in order and the relief goods are managed manually, so the information cannot be shared in real time, which results in problems such as delays and duplicate payment of relief goods. To solve these problems, this research proposes the establishment of an information system for efficient management of relief goods based on U-IT. A mobile-based automated relief goods management system in which relief goods can be managed using a smartphone and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology was developed, and the effectiveness of the system was analyzed. The analysis showed that the developed system is expected to effectively reduce Korea's budget for relief administration by 950 million won a year.

스마트폰 기반 자연재난 피해조사 시스템 효율성 분석

현재 자연재해 피해조사는 현장에서 수기식 야장에 피해내역을 작성하고, 피해현장 사진과 단면도, 위치도와 같은 현장 정보를 취득한 후 사무실에서 현장조사내용을 정리하고 재난관리시스템(NDMS, National Disaster Management System)에 입력하여 전자재해대장을 생성하는 체계로 이루어져 있다. 그러나 이러한 피해조사 체계는 현장업무와 사무실에서 시스템에 입력하는 업무의 중복성 등으로 인하여 피해발생시 인력과 시간이 부족한 현실이다. 따라서 현장에서 신속하게 피해조사를 함과 동시에 NDMS의 전자재해대장을 자동으로 생성할 수 있는 시스템을 개발함으로써 인력과 시간부족 문제를 해결할 수 있는 방안의 마련이 시급하다. 본 연구에서는 스마트폰을 이용하여 현장에서 피해내역 입력 및 사진촬영, 단면도 작성, 위치도 입력을 하고, 저장된 정보를 NDMS에 등록함으로써, 신속한 피해조사가 가능한 스마트폰 기반 자연재해 피해조사 시스템의 효율성 분석을 위하여 실제 피해 현장에 시범적용하였으며, 그 결과 기존의 피해조사 시간과 비교하여 67%이상의 시간단축효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. Current natural disaster investigation has following procedures. First, handwrite the contents of damaged part of environment in the filed book while you are in the field. Then, attain field information like the photographs of damaged field, location map of the filed, and sectional view of the field. Lastly, go to the office with all the information, and organize investigated information of the field to input the information in the NDMS(National Disaster Management System) which formulate electronic disaster report. However, these kind of investigating disaster procedures has its weak points such as deficiency of time and labor when disaster breaks out because its works are overlapped between field work and office work. In order to get rid of these problems we need to develop following system: quick investigation of disaster skills, in accordance with system of automatical formulation of the electric disaster report of NDMS. In this study, we analyzed efficiency of natural disaster damage investigation system using smartphone through trial application to damaged area. The system can be quickly damage investigation by input details damage, shoot photographs, draw cross-section, input location map using smartphone in field. As a result, we found that it has more than 67% of time cut as we used it on the field.