National Disaster Management Agency Research Articles

Disaster Knowledge Unit Disaster Knowledge picture based on 3 pillars National Disaster Management Agency in Disaster Prone Area II SMKN 1 Nglegok

Damage to school infrastructure, systems, and human resources can affect the quality of education. The introduction and provision of knowledge on disaster risk reduction in the education sector needs to be given to school residents in disaster prone areas. The purpose of this research is to know Knowledge of Disaster Safe Education Unit based on 3 pillars of National Disaster Management Agency in Disaster Prone Area II. Descriptive research design. The population of SMKN 1 Nglegok residents who are in disaster prone area II. A sample of 47 school residents with stratified sampling technique. Data collection using questionnaire. The results show that there are still some 41.6% of the school's residents have enough knowledge, and very few of the 6.3% schoolchildren have less knowledge. This is due to the lack of information and existing school facilities are less supportive and need to improve the experience owned by school residents. Suggestions from the research are expected to provide training or counseling about disaster risk reduction in schools, improve the knowledge of school residents, especially teachers and administrative staff about DRR in schools so as to realize the School of Disaster Safe Education Unit with proper implementation and school residents can increase preparedness in facing disaster becomes better.

The Analysis of Natural Disaster Risk Impact on Labor Market Outcomes: Does It Lead to Middle-Class Workers Decrease?

Indonesia, as a country that is progressing towards an upper middle-income country, is facing a high incidence of disasters. Understanding how disasters impact living standards is still relatively difficult due to the lack of relevant studies in the literature. Therefore, the study aims to analyze the likelihood of individuals who were in areas with a high risk of disaster becoming middle-class workers. In this study, the incidence of disasters is represented by the disaster risk index, which comprises three components, namely the hazard, vulnerability, and capacity components in each province and regency/city based on the definition carried out by the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). By using logistics methods, this study found that individuals living in areas with a high risk of disaster tend to have a lower chance of becoming middle-class workers. In overcoming the labor market challenges faced by regions with high disaster risk, careful policy steps are needed that focus on strengthening capacity and reducing the risk of high investment costs. Enhancing disaster-resistant infrastructure and community networks as well as improving access to social protection services and promoting economic recovery are priorities.

Flood hazard comparison based on geomorphic flood index and hydraulic HEC-RAS (Case study in Ciliwung Watershed, Jakarta)

The Jakarta Special Capital Region is a highly vulnerable area to floods due to its location on wetlands laced by 13 major rivers and borders the Java Sea, with more than 40% of its land below sea level and groundwater extraction leading to the ground sinking. The city has experienced several major flood disasters, and climate change has increased the risk, frequency, and severity of flooding in Jakarta. The present study aims to identify areas with flood potential in the Jakarta Special Capital Region (Provinsi DKI Jakarta) using the Geospatial Flood Index (GFI) method recommended by the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). The GFI method is an alternative rapid assessment that utilizes the Digital Elevation Model for National Spatial (DEMNAS) data with an 8-meter spatial resolution and employs ARCGIS and QGIS software to identify areas with high potential for flooding and the extent of inundation. To assess the effectiveness of this method, a comparison is made with the Hydraulic HECRAS model for the section from the Automatic Water Level Recorder (AWLR) MT. Hartono to the Manggarai Flood Gate, considering flood return periods Q50 and Q100. The modeling results indicate that the inundation area estimated by the conventional GFI modeling is 150% larger than that the HECRAS Hydraulic model predicted.

Urgency of disaster resilient village-geosite program: unveiling the critical need for strengthening connections between geosites and village communities

The Disaster Resilient Village Program (Destana) is a program that held by National and Regency Disaster Management Agency. However, the connection of Destana to the holistical aspect such as geologic landscape aspect is a discoursive material that appeals to many disaster management practitioners, scholars, international donors or governments. This study aims to explore the urgency of Disaster Resilient Geosites-Village Program from the risk condition, regulation, and community perception. Geopark Jogja and Geopark Gunung Sewu with their 20 geosites was purposively selected as the site of investigation. A qualitative research method involving focus group interviews (FGI), interviews, risk analysis using InaRisk, and regulatory analysis was used to explore and capture urgency of Disaster Resilient Village Program in geosites context, that called as Disaster Resilient Geosites-Village Program. Based on the results, several essential urgency were underlined for all approaches as follows: (1) all village with geosites have high to medium risks of disasters (2) geosites facing decline in the physical and environmental carrying capacity, which consequently leads to increased disasters risks for the community villages (3) local wisdom that develops in geosite areas is beneficial for disaster risk reduction efforts, and (4) well-conserved geosites support the local economic resiliency through tourism and geoproducts. These urgencies are expected to improve the community resiliency through a program aimed at reducing disaster risk through the mainstreaming of geosite functions into village-level policies and actions to enhance community resilience. This urgency study can stimulate community-level pilot projects that can be replicated in other areas or even elevated to government-level policies

Classification of flood disaster level news articles using Machine Learning

Floods have a significant socio-economic impact on Indonesian society. Much of this information is sourced from online news articles and social media. This research investigates whether the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method can be used for flood disaster level classification (low, medium, and high). Our methodology involves preparing data extracted from textual news articles on the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) website on the topic of flooding. We then labeled the data according to Regulation No. 02/2012 on general guidelines for disaster assessment and used the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. Training and testing were conducted using different datasets, followed by accuracy and error evaluation. In addition, we considered the performance comparison of SVM with other classification methods, including Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Adaboost, Random Forest, and Xgboost. The experimental results show that SVM still does not get good accuracy results for flood disaster level classification. The SVM accuracy level result of (52%) is still low compared to Random Forest (78%), and Xgboost (68%). Further research is expected to increase the accuracy of SVM for flood level classification.

Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan Akibat Bencana Banjir di Kecamatan Empang, Kabupaten Sumbawa

Indonesia is a country that is prone to natural disasters from a geological perspective. Based on information from the Head of the Information Data Center and Public Relations of the National Disaster Management Agency, natural disaster trends have increased by 350% in the last three decades. A significant increase is hydrometeorological disasters which are influenced by weather aspects, such as floods, landslides, tornadoes, and droughts. Sumbawa Regency is one of the areas in Indonesia that is being hit by an increasing trend of natural disasters. The most recent natural disaster that hit one of the Sumbawa Regency areas was the flood disaster in Empang District. The cause of flooding itself can occur due to various things both natural and human. Floods can be caused by natural events such as rainfall over a long period of time, soil flooding leaving only rocks, and no water absorption. Therefore it is essential to analyze the flood disaster that occurred in Empang District so that a good environmental management strategy can be carried out. The management carried out is to restore environmental functions that have been lost due to damage caused by the disaster. Installing drainage and implementing the Internet of Things in overcoming flooding is considered to be quite effective. The relocation and reclamation activities of corn plantation areas carried out by bioremediation and revegetation processes can improve land conditions.

Earthquake Risk Analysis for Disaster Management and Mitigation in Central Lombok

This research focuses on analyzing the risk of earthquake disasters in Central Lombok Regency for disaster management and mitigation purposes that can be implemented in the future. This disaster risk analysis has been prepared using a methodology adapted to the Regulation of the Head of the National Disaster Management Agency Number 02 of 2012 concerning General Guidelines for Disaster Risk Analysis, as well as referring to other guidelines applicable at national level ministries/institutions. Central Lombok Regency faces significant risks related to earthquakes, especially in the coastal, southern and central areas. The risk index value is obtained from data analysis related to the hazard, vulnerability and capacity components for each potential disaster grouped into 3 (three) levels/classes, namely 0-0.333 for low class, > 0.333-0.666 for medium class, and >0.666-1 for high class. The index values are different for each disaster, except for the regional capacity index which applies the same to all regions. The Central Lombok Regency disaster risk assessment was carried out at the village/sub-district level. Detailed results of the analysis of each disaster risk assessment index for all potential disasters in Central Lombok Regency are described for each component determining disaster risk assessment. The results of this research show that the highest risk of earthquake disasters is in East Praya at 31%, then the moderate disaster risk is in the Jonggat and Pringgarata areas at 65%, and the low risk is in the North Batuliang area at 68%.

Disaster-risk, climate change challenges and strategies in small islands in Bird’s Head Papua

A Disaster Risk Index analysis has never been conducted on small islands in Indonesia, particularly in the Bird's Head region of Papua, which includes 4,110 small islands that are now vulnerable and have become hotspots for climate change and hydrometeorological disasters. This study explores disaster risk indices, future climate change challenges, and Disaster Risk Reduction plans and policies at the site level on the small island of Bird's Head in Papua. Disaster risk index analysis includes threat, vulnerability, and capacity indexes. Climate change scenarios are derived from CMIP, using scenarios SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. Strategy and policy are based on the National Disaster Management Agency's seven priorities. Field measurements demonstrate that the Disaster Risk Index ranges from 0.73 to 0.82, including the high index class category, which is also directly related to the Hazard Index and Vulnerability Index and inversely proportional to the Capacity Index. Extreme rainfall estimates in the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios result in a 10% and 20% increase in rainfall in the Papua Birds Head region, respectively. The assessment of the seven priorities for tiny islands ranges from 0.2 to 0.37 in the low category. As a result, it is critical for stakeholders, particularly local communities and traditional and village officials, to actively participate in developing DRR strategies and policy ideas for small islands.

Menakar Paradigma Penanggulangan Bencana Melalui Analisis Undang-Undang No. 24 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penanggulangan Bencana

This study discusses the paradigm used by the Indonesian government in making domestic disaster management policies through analysis of Law No. 24 of 2007. Institutions in the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) have developed policies related to the development of issues of change and developments in domestic and international politics. This writing aims to analyze the paradigm used by the Indonesian government in making policies on domestic disaster management through analysis of Law No. 24 of 2007. The author uses the content analysis method in analyzing these laws. Analysis was carried out on five indicators; actors, authority, budget, governance, and output that represent three paradigms; realism, liberalism and constructivism. Based on the results of the analysis, the Disaster Management Law is highly dependent on the paradigm of realism.

Tingkat Kapasitas Ketahanan Komunitas Kasus: Bagian Wilayah Perkotaan Malang Utara

In 2020, the National Disaster Management Agency stated that Malang City is one of the cities with low vulnerability to disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the resilience capacity of communities in the North Malang Urban Area that are vulnerable to social and environmental changes. This study uses the Resilient Capacity Index method to measure the resilience capacity of the community by considering ecological, physical, economic, human, and social aspects. The results of the study, in the form of an overview of aspects of community resilience in the northern Malang City area, can be used to support the development of a more resilient city. By measuring resilience capacity using a standard score or z-score, it is known that the North Malang Urban Area has a moderate community resilience capacity.

Abrasion Disaster Profile, Impact And Abrasion Mitigation Efforts In East Java Province

Climate change causes sea waves to become stronger and affect coastlines due to abrasion. Abrasion is when local sea levels rise and drive strong waves that erode or wash away rocks, soil, and other materials. Based on data collected from the National Disaster Management Agency, there were 496 reports of disasters caused by abrasion or tidal waves. Overall, there is a trend of increasing incidents every year until it reaches a peak in 2022 with 145 reports of disaster incidents. Identifying areas prone to marine abrasion disasters based on the number of incidents in several regions, provinces, and districts is essential to carry out in order to provide appropriate mitigation measures. This research uses a systemic literature review method. This research aims to identify the general profile of abrasion disasters in East Java province. Identify the location of the incident, impact, and mitigation regarding abrasion events in East Java province. According to data from the National Disaster Management Agency, the results show that East Java Province has a high frequency of abrasion incidents, ranking first as the province with the most reports of abrasion incidents. A systemic literature review conducted on thirteen pieces of literature found that the Tuban and Situbondo areas were the most affected by abrasion incidents, with abrasion incidents occurring more frequently in the North Coast area of East Java province.

Prohibition Policies and Environmental Cognition in Disaster-Prone Zones: A Study of Post-Earthquake Agricultural Land Reclamation

Objective: Prohibition policies need to be implemented by farmers who oppose several "legally rational" measures that prohibit land reclamation in disaster-prone zones. This prohibition event occurred during an earthquake on September 28, 2018, at 18.02 WITA with a magnitude of 7.4 (epicenter) at 0.18 South Latitude, 119.85 East Longitude, and a depth of 10 Km. After the earthquake, the tsunami hit the west coast of Palu Bay and Donggala Regency. According to data from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), which covers an area of +/- 200.4 hectares, liquefaction, downlights, and landslides occurred in several locations, including Palu City. Apart from defending their ancestral lands, liquefaction victims benefited from an improved quality of life thanks to their persistence in remaining in the Petobo area. It significantly influences how people engage with their environment and is highly tied to the time variable. In this case, activity patterns and environmental conditions, and these patterns interact over a predetermined period (Barker, 1968). Patterns of human activity in space can change depending on the day, week, or season. Methods: This study examines environmental cognition during the 2017 agricultural land era before and after the crisis using a qualitative descriptive technique and a mental map approach. Conclusion: Information about people's views and attitudes towards post-disaster agricultural land conditions is essential to answer research questions about the prohibition of returning land to disaster-prone zones. Since some farming businesses have had to close, it is necessary to understand land boundaries.

FLOOD DISASTER PREPAREDNESS STUDY IN BANJAR CITY, WEST JAVA

Flooding is a very common natural disaster in Indonesia. It is necessary to have a disaster risk management programme. This study aims to determine the disaster preparedness of the community for flood in the city of Banjar, West Java. Data were collected from the city government, regional disaster management agency, non-governmental organisations, BPS, earth shape maps from InaGeoportal, vulnerability map data, vulnerability maps and risk maps from the National Disaster Management Agency, and literature in the form of journals and books. The data collection techniques used by the researchers included questionnaires and documentation. The method of data analysis used was descriptive percentage and scoring analysis to analyse the frequency distribution of the level of preparedness of the community in the face of flood disasters.The data was obtained by providing questionnaires to the community which were filled in by the respondents and then calculating the total frequency of correct answers from each respondent. It can be seen that Banjar city has a high level of flood hazard, vulnerability and capacity, which means that it is important to take preparedness measures to reduce the adverse effects and anticipate the increase of recurrent floods.

Harmonisasi Sosial Melalui Pendekatan Religi: Respons Kemanusiaan Bagi Masyarakat Terdampak Letusan Gunung Semeru

Indonesia, known for its geological richness, often experiences natural disasters. One such event was the eruption of Mount Semeru in December 2021 in Lumajang Regency, East Java. The incident posed complex recovery challenges. According to the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) report, infrastructure damage reached billions of rupiahs, and thousands of residents were displaced. The challenges extended beyond infrastructure recovery, encompassing the psychological recovery of traumatized residents. Disruptions to the local economy, family separations, and other losses exacerbated the psychosocial burden faced by the affected population. The communities impacted by the eruption of Mount Semeru faced diverse challenges, particularly in religious aspects and the fulfillment of funeral rites (Rukun Kematian). This study highlights the importance of meeting funeral rites needs at every Social Facility (Fasilitas Sosial or Fasos) as a primary foundation for post-disaster recovery. Through collaboration with BNPB, the Social Assistance Program has successfully allocated resources for meeting these needs. Surveys of each Fasos revealed their specific requirements, ranging from funeral equipment to loudspeakers. Technical assistance related to funeral rites was provided by competent practitioners. Although it has shown positive impacts, this research emphasizes the sustainability of assistance as a key factor in the long-term recovery of the affected community. As a recommendation, this assistance should continue, considering the dynamics and changing needs of the community, to ensure ongoing optimal support in facing post-disaster challenges.

Rancang Bangun Game Edukasi Bencana Alam Menggunakan Metode MDLC

Purpose: Educational games about natural disasters in Indonesia, as a provision of learning tools to foster children's interest in learning knowledge and emergency response efforts to natural disasters, through digital games that make children happy and easy to understand material. Research Methodology: In making this Natural Disaster Educational Game, the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) system development method is implemented which consists of six stages, namely concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing. and distribution (distribution). This research involved elementary school students and teachers as well as employees of the national disaster management agency in the city of Bandar Lampung. Result: A multimedia-based "Natural Disaster Educational Game" (Case Study for Elementary School Students) has been successfully created as a natural disaster education medium which is a complement to material related to natural disasters in Indonesia, a digital game that makes children happy and easy to understand the material. Limitation: Educational games about natural disasters in Indonesia, including floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes including an introduction to natural disasters in Indonesia, the pre-disaster phase, the emergency response phase. Contribution: Educational games are interactive learning media in terms of knowledge fun, useful for improving language and thinking skills, increasing concentration and solving problems.

Markov chain analysis to predict natural disasters in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands as part of preventative measures to prevent environmental damage

Bangka Belitung Islands Province is a province which is famous for its beauty and natural wealth. In addition to its natural beauty and wealth, this province has disaster-prone areas. Based on the results of the 2021 Indonesian Disaster Risk Index (IRBI) measurement, the Bangka Belitung Islands Province has the second highest risk class in Indonesia with a value of 160.98. Therefore, a study is needed that aims to determine the prediction of natural disasters in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province as a preventive measure to prevent environmental damage. The analytical method used in this research is the Markov Chain method. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the official website of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) from 2017 to 2022 with several types of disasters, including floods, landslides, tornadoes, forest and land fires, and natural disasters others (missing persons, house fires, drowning persons, etc.). Based on the results of calculations using the Markov Chain concept, it can be concluded that the possibility of flooding in 2023 is 31.46%, landslides are 7.73%, tornadoes are 43.81%, forest and land fires are 14.32%, and other disasters of 2.69% with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.356 and a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.17.

Analysis of Flood-Vulnerable Areas Using Scoring and Weighting Methods Based on Geographic Information Systems (Case Study: Sidoarjo Regency)

Indonesia is a country that is very vulnerable to natural disasters, one of which is flooding. A flood is an event or situation in which an area or land is submerged due to increased water volume. According to the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) records, throughout 2021, the most frequent disasters were floods, totaling 1,298 incidents. Floods also occurred in Sidoarjo Regency, specifically on Sunday, 17 January 2021, from afternoon to evening, with high rainfall intensity submerging two sub-districts. The highest flood in Tanggulangin District was in Kedungbanteng Village. As a result, as many as ± 408 Heads of Families (KK) were affected. Furthermore, in Porong District, the highest flood was in Pesawahan Village. As many as ± 490 Heads of Families (KK) were affected. Therefore, further analysis is required regarding the causes of the flood. In this research, an analysis was carried out regarding flood-prone areas in Sidoarjo Regency using a scoring and weighting method based on geographic information systems. This research used six parameters comprising land elevation, slope, rainfall, soil type, river flow density and land cover, which were then given scores and weights for each parameter based on the size of the parameter. After scoring each parameter, a weighted overlay is performed to obtain a flood-vulnerable map. The results of the flood vulnerability level in Sidoarjo Regency are divided into three vulnerability classes, namely low class with an area of 1100.84 Ha (1.71%), medium class with an area of 58143.33 Ha (90.52%), and high class with an area of 4987. 06 Ha (7.76%) of the total area of Sidoarjo Regency.

Pengelompokan Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat Berdasarkan Dampak Kerusakan Bencana Banjir Menggunakan K-Medoids

<p><em>The territory of Indonesia is located in geographical, geological, hydrological, and demographic conditions that allow Indonesia to be prone to disasters. The most common natural disaster in Indonesia is flooding. If accumulated, there have been 682 flood events in the country since the beginning of 2022. In Indonesia, especially West Java Province, flooding is the most common disaster, especially during the rainy season. So a study will be conducted that aims to determine the grouping of districts / cities in West Java Province based on the occurrence of flood disasters. The data used in this study were obtained from the publication of the National Disaster Management Agency. In this study, there are 4 variables of the impact of flood disasters, namely total deaths, total submerged houses, total damaged houses and total injured. The clustering method used in this research is K-Medoids. K-Medoids is one of the clustering methods that uses the partition clustering method in grouping a set of n objects into a number of k clusters. From the results of the K-Medoids analysis, three clusters were obtained. The first cluster consists of 3 districts/cities with high impact of flood disasters, the second cluster consists of 23 districts/cities with moderate impact of flood disasters, and the third cluster consists of 1 district/city with low impact of flood disasters. Based on the results of the analysis, efforts can be made by the government to focus more on designing steps that must be taken in preventing or overcoming the impact of flood disasters.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Cluster; K-Medoids; Floods West Java</em></p>

Rastame Bar Formulation made from Black Rice Flour and Red Bean Flour as An Alternative to Emergency Food

Geographically and demographically, Indonesia is an area that is prone to natural objects. The National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) recorded 3,431 natural disasters that have hit various regions in Indonesia from early January to December 2022. Emergency Food Product (EFP) is a product that is designed and used in emergencies without having to go through various cooking processes so that it can be directly consumed. EFP is designed to meet the caloric needs of 233-250 kcal / 50 grams of ingredients. One example of an emergency food product is a snack bar or food bar. This type of research uses the Hedonic Scale Test, which is in the manufacture of Black Rice Flour and Red Bean Flour Rastame Bar products with a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) research design with 3 formulations and 2 repetitions. The organoleptic test was carried out by panelists with a total of 25 moderately trained panelists who were students of the Cirebon Nutrition Study Program level II and III by obtaining the best nutritional content formulation (energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates) Bar Rastame using the Indonesian Food Composition Table (TKPI) 2017. The treatment used was the ratio of black rice flour to red bean flour respectively by F1 (40%:5%), F2 (35%:10%), and F3 (30%:15%). The selected snack bar is a ratio of 35% black rice flour and 10% red bean flour. The nutritional content of 50 grams of Rastame Bars with a protein content of 5.3 grams, fat content of 4 grams, carbohydrate content of 21.8 grams, and total calories of 143.6 kcal. The characteristics of selected Rastame Bars are a slightly faded blackish color, skimmed milk aroma but not too smelly, hard texture but soft inside, and less sweet taste.

Blockchain Disaster Management for Humanitarian Logistic as Post-Disaster Response Measures

Indonesia has a high risk of earthquake and tsunami disasters because there's many tectonic plates meet. This also causes Indonesia to have many geological changes compared to other countries. Therefore, an explicit scheme to provide information related to disasters, like an information system in post-disaster management is important. The purpose of this research is to provide transparent information regarding the data on the goods needed and the data on goods to be distributed to ensure the amount used and not used, so that victims affected by disasters can be handled quickly and appropriately. The method used in this research is a literature review. The results of this study indicate the existence of a Blockchain Disaster Management Information System as a form of a new scheme in the post-disaster management process and is an upgraded form of information system that has been developed previously. This scheme uses the blockchain concept to provide transparency and data immutability. This scheme coordinates with various institutions such as BPBD (Regional Disaster Management Agency), BNPB (National Disaster Management Agency), BASARNAS (National Search and Rescue Agency), PMI (Indonesian Red Cross Society), the nearest hospital, and other related institutions. © 2023 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia