National Database And Registration Authority Research Articles

A Framework for e-Voting System Based on Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies

Election allows the voter of a country to select the most suitable group of candidates to run the government. Election in Pakistan is simply paper-based method but some certain political and socio-economic issues turn that simple process in complicated and disputes once. Solutions of such problems are consisting of many methods including the e-voting system. The e-voting system facilitates the voters to cast their votes by electronic means with very easy and convenient way. This also allows maintaining the security and secrecy of the voter along with election process. Electronic voting reduces the human-involvement throughout the process from start to the end. Such system is not established yet in Pakistan. Hence, every election is disputed always. In this paper we proposed the framework of an e-voting system and simulation with the use of blockchain ledger technology. The proposed framework owns the capacity to deal with ballots in Pakistan. The novelty of the framework is that the e-voting system is linked to National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) database which assures voter's validation. The fundamental requirements were kept in consideration during the performance evaluation of the system. The results are processed and depicted specially with reference to the number of voters and voting stations, real time of vote casting, network bandwidth and controlling principles. The results support the decision makers and guide them in the foundation and customization of an e-voting system in Pakistan.

Big data analytics capability as a major antecedent of firm innovation performance

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the big data analytics capabilities (BDAC) model using resource-based theory (RBT) and dimensions of big data analytics (management, technological, and talent) that influenced the firm innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach: The research uses quantitative research design where 548 respondents were selected for the survey from Pakistan electronic media regulatory authority (PEMRA), national database and registration authority (NADRA), and cellular companies. Only 394 useable responses were received from the respondents. Findings: The findings revealed that BDAC has a statistically positive impact on firm innovation performance. All of the proposed hypotheses were approved in this study. Research limitations/implications: The study gives future direction to the researchers and practitioners to implement this model in other industries. Practical implications: The research makes important theoretical and methodological contributions to the business and society's nexus in developing country firms that are under economic pressure. Originality/value: The paper is new in the context of the developing firm's innovation.

Making Reliable Persons: Managing Descent and Genealogical Computation in Pakistan

AbstractIn 2016, the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA), which produces Pakistan’s biometric-based national identity card, publicly announced that it would be “re-verifying” identity cards for a national security drive. NADRA relies on the documentation of descent-based relations, including genealogical charts (shajarah-yi-nasab), for its verification procedures. In so doing, NADRA asks the difficult question of who belongs where and who is a citizen, based on who they used to be. This article historically traces the movement of genealogies between the realm of the familial and the bureaucratic. I examine how the colonial state deployed genealogical expertise and how this formation folds into the postcolonial present in ways that shape capacities for genealogy-based claims to identity. It demonstrates how what I term “genealogical computation” extends beyond the domain of governance into articulations of identity that seek to establish status, reliability, and trustworthiness. I argue that “reliable persons” are produced in contemporary Pakistan through an encounter between the genealogical computations of citizens and the expectations of an ethno-securitized state. This encounter is borne out of a rehearsed relation where one’s genealogy, which has held a particular meaning in relation to one kind of security state (the colonial), is now asked to take on another.

The Effect of E-Government on Citizen Trust of the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) in Pakistan

A considerable amount of cash is being spent by various nations throughout the world in creating and conveying e-government services to their citizen aims to effectively provide better community services to the nationals. The success and achievement of such applications is probably perceived in the developed nations however there is an overarching worry about the achievement and appropriation of these services in the developing nations. The main objective of this study is to investigate the citizen’s trust on the e-services offered by National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) which is an administration organization working under the service of Interior ministry in Pakistan. This study inferred particular research model from the refreshed Information System previous success model which was developed by DeLone and McLean, 1992 & 2003. Utilizing the determined model, this study hub around administration point of view on the impact of NADRA framework, data and service quality on clients’ trust and consequently how the citizens’ trust is useful to make an e-government application of NADRA sector useful in Pakistan. The main findings show that larger number of clients or citizens is satisfied with the e-services of NADARA in Pakistan and most of the activities assume a fundamental part for the utilization of the application process of NADRA sector. Furthermore, the results also demonstrated that information quality, system quality, service quality and net benefits received from NADRA of Pakistan also plays an imperative role in the trust of citizens. Keywords: NADRA of Pakistan, E-government services, Citizens Trust, Satisfaction, Information System Model DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-18-15 Publication date: June 30th 2020

Moderating effect of information technology ambidexterity linking new human resource management practices and innovation performance

This study aims to investigate the relationship between new human resource management (NHRM) practices and innovation performance. Further, the moderating role of IT ambidexterity was examined between NHRM and innovation performance. This study selected Pakistan's largest IT-based semi-government organisation National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) as a case study. Data were collected from three major cities (Lahore, Gujranwala and Jhelum) of Pakistan. 500 employees of NADRA participated in the survey-based research. The empirical results found the positive relationship between NHRM practices and innovation performance. The moderating influence of IT ambidexterity was also found in this study. Employees with high IT ambidexterity are more involved in innovation performance. Continuous adaption of technology enhances long-term competitive advantage. Therefore, utilising new technologies and knowledge consistently is significant for the enhancement of innovation performance.

‘Disaster citizenship’: an emerging framework for understanding the depth of digital citizenship in Pakistan

In recent years, the Pakistani state has made significant advances in formalising and universalising citizenship through the digitisation of citizenship numbers. The National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) is at the forefront of this initiative, which has now covered 96% of Pakistan’s 180 million citizens. The state successfully used this digitisation of citizenship to reach out to its citizens in the aftermath of a large-scale flooding disaster in 2010 and 2011. The universal cash transfer programme instituted for disaster-affected households used citizenship numbers to identify and then provide ATM cards to those domiciled in the worst-affected regions. This paper draws upon my fieldwork done in 2012–2013 in Lower Sindh and argues that while still in its infancy, a new form of ‘disaster citizenship’ is visible in southern Pakistan, which is driven partially by this digitisation of citizenship in the country. It explores the post-disaster political space where state actors and citizens came to interact with each other, and argues that these informal and unplanned interactions overlapped with formal policy to result in a new and emerging form of ‘disaster citizenship’ in the region.

General Preference of Conflict Management Styles of NADRA Employees

Conflict is inevitable in every field of life due to argument, disagreement and difference of opinions among individuals. Conflict management is essential in order to avoid its negative impact on the performance of organization. This study aims at focusing on different styles for managing conflict which executives may prefer for resolving conflict either with public or with their subordinates. Dimensions of conflict studied are Disagreement and Argument while conflict management styles studied are Avoiding, Competing, Collaborating, Accommodating and Compromising. This paper focuses on all the conflict handling styles. Employees working as Deputy Assistant Directors (Sample size = 120) in National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) were selected by convenience sampling for collection of data through questionnaires (Thomas-Kilmann Instrument) and collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. Out of 120 questionnaires, 88 questionnaires were received from respondents and response rate can be said as 73%. Findings reveal that Deputy Assistant Directors prefer to use collaborating style followed by accommodating, compromising, avoiding and competing respectively for managing conflict. Implications of the study are discussed in the paper.

Hypothesis and Conceptual Framework Development of Cross Cultural Training and Perceived Success of Expatriates

Rising trends of globalization in economic, managerial and social arenas have resulted in interpersonal contacts across the cultures. Multinational companies are increasingly focusing on trainings of their employees for improvement of performance. This research is based on the practical idea and literature review about the success of employees who are deputed for overseas assignments. Various factors related to the success or failures of expatriates have been explored in this study and one of the important aspects “cross cultural training” has been focused to find its impact on success of expatriates. This study encompasses the definition of cross cultural training ranging to its importance and effects. Substantial investment pertaining to foreign subsidiaries fashions the management to expect for the high returns, on the other hand, failure of expatriates adds significantly in failure of companies in deed. Proper cross cultural training of employees help them to shun the cultural shock and difficulties in adjustment abroad. For completion of this research, a very comprehensive questionnaire was designed basing on theoretical framework and a case study of expatriates of National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) of Pakistan was carried out. Study found that there are multi-faceted uses of cross cultural training and it is one of the major sources to reduce cultural shock and pre-mature return of the employees. The research is not only useful for NADRA and Government Sector of Pakistan rather through conceptual work it is universally constructive for developing a general idea about cross cultural training and its impact on success of expatriates. This research specifically covered all related areas of expatriates of studied organization and findings have been discussed in order to grasp the relevant sides of topic by controlling rest of variables for getting potentially reliable results.

Managing Conflict and Conflict Management Styles: A Case Study of NADRA

Conflict is inevitable in every field of life because each individual is different from other one. Conflict management is essential in order to avoid its negative impact on performance of organization. This study aims at focusing on different styles for managing conflict which executives may prefer for resolving conflict. Disagreement and arguments are dimensions of conflict while conflict management styles are Avoiding, Competing, Collaborating, Accommodating and Compromising. This paper covers all of these conflict handling styles for managing conflict. Employees working as Assistant Managers in National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) from all over Pakistan were randomly selected for collection of data through questionnaires and collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. Findings reveal that assistant managers prefer to use collaborating style followed by accommodating, compromising, avoiding and competing respectively for managing conflict. Implications of the study are discussed in the paper.

Kidnapping of Infants/Young Children and Transforming/Deforming Them into Prostitutes, Pimps, Beggars Eunuchs & Transgender People and Criminals Who Do Not Legally Exist on the National Computer Database Records. (The Failure of Democratic/Civilian Governments Over Period of Several Years) Solutions for Reducing/Eliminating the Criminal Activities.

Imagine a Scenario from a James Bond Movie or any other Western Spy/Espionage Thriller, where a Scientist, an Engineer, a Medical Doctor, A Senior Professor or a Government Officer or a High Profile Person is under Surveillance or Kidnapped etc., which creates National/International Headlines/Breaking News or High Anxiety or Tension or Red Alerts in the Global Community. On the other hand imagine a Scenario, where there are Spies in and around us Here, There, and Everywhere YET Nowhere.Is it possible YES, Pakistan’s Beggars Community, comprising of Male and Female Beggars, Men, Women, Boys, Girls, Young Children and even infants who do NOT Own Houses or Properties or live in Rented Apartments/Flats, they do not maintain Bank Accounts, Debit/Credit Cards they do not get Salaries, they do not operate any Legal Business Entities they do not pay any Income Tax, or File I.T. Returns they do not have Driving License, Passports, Educational Background or any Legal Documents BUT Wait… They do NOT even possess the National Data Base and Registration Authority (NADRA) Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC) to prove, their “Legal Existence” on the Pakistani Soil.In this Land of the Green & White Crescent, we see and hear about the famous “Green Star” Marketing products, …but we do not have the Identity or Database on the NOT Dozens, NOT Hundreds, NOT Thousands, NOT Hundreds of Thousands but MILLIONS of People Existing on the Pakistani Soil on a Daily Basis, with no “Legal Identification”.

Examining the Relationship of Work-Life Conflict and Employee Performance (A Case from NADRA Pakistan)

With the ever increasing requirements of the work, employees are likely to develop conflict between their workand non-work activities. This paper investigates the relationship of employees’ work-life conflict with theirperformance. A convenient sample of 103 respondents came from National Database and Registration Authority(NADRA) for the study. The Pearson’s product moment correlation showed no association for the saidrelationship. An inverse relationship was found working between age of the employees and work-life conflictthey experience. Moreover differences of work-life conflict and performance for some demographic variableswere measured by applying independent sample t test. The results of the study are compared to the availablerelevant studies.

Role of GIS in public health management in Pakistan

Important objects in health databases are patients, doctors, infrastructural facilities, and health services. Nevertheless, all these objects have spatial dimensions and mutual interaction in their inheritance. The understanding of these dimensions and interactions are the key for health planning and management. For instance, these interactions may provide an excellent means of analyzing epidemiological attributes, revealing spatial trends, dependencies, and inter-relationships that would be more difficult to discover through conventional means. Moreover, it allows policy makers to easily visualize the problems in relation to the resources and prevailing needs. Spatial dimensions of health data give detailed and compelling answers to the difficult questions health service providers ask every day: Where is the disease coming from? How will it spread? Where is the nearest hospital? What is the fastest route for the ambulance? Where should we allocate our funding? In existing databases and systems of health management at public and private sectors in Pakistan, no authenticated and specific spatial reference is available. However, in a few cases, ambiguous and misleading references are there. Some isolated efforts are on the way to maintain such information as some private hospitals and companies maintain data which is commercially-available for pharmaceutical companies for marketing. The situation is getting worse due to rapidly increasing populations and thus creating further gaps in health services demand. The spatial contexts in accurate format are vital for integrating health attributes in the form of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) especially at the micro-scale. There are many potential users, but the major users will include National and Provincial health departments, Planning Commissions, researchers, etc. Undoubtedly, a health objects database could be a huge and difficult task to manage. Nonetheless, in Pakistan, precedence from National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) is a good example of how to handle the quantity. Patients are the most dynamic health objects to deal with. It can be integrated using a NADRA identity card or similar, which contains a data strip that is readable digitally. This card may have personal information as well as the spatial origin.

Computerized National Identify Card, NADRA KIOSKs and its prospects in Pakistan

Advancement of science and technology makes inroad in public utility services. The role of information technology for the improvement of commoner's life is greatly visible in the present decades. This paper analysis Computerized National Identity Cards (CNIC), National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) KIOSKs, NADRA Swift Registration Centers (NSRCs) and their working mode of payments and prospects in civic life at national level. The results reveal that mode of payments of different utility bills properly managed by NADRA database is found to be the best in Pakistan when compare to other services. CNIC can be used as an ATM card in future, if banks will cooperate with NADRA, and it will be more successful in comparison of present practice. This study also reveals that NADRA database and CNIC will prove the best in finding out the bogus accounts in banks, ghost employees taking salaries from government treasury and fake passport. It will also help in proper distribution of donations and aids to poor citizen within short time, aiding the poverty eradication schemes. At the end, implications are made and further studies are recommended for

Computerized National Identify Card, NADRA KIOSKs and its prospects in Pakistan

Advancement of science and technology makes inroad in public utility services. The role of information technology for the improvement of commoner's life is greatly visible in the present decades. This paper analysis Computerized National Identity Cards (CNIC), National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) KIOSKs, NADRA Swift Registration Centers (NSRCs) and their working mode of payments and prospects in civic life at national level. The results reveal that mode of payments of different utility bills properly managed by NADRA database is found to be the best in Pakistan when compare to other services. CNIC can be used as an ATM card in future, if banks will cooperate with NADRA, and it will be more successful in comparison of present practice. This study also reveals that NADRA database and CNIC will prove the best in finding out the bogus accounts in banks, ghost employees taking salaries from government treasury and fake passport. It will also help in proper distribution of donations and aids to poor citizen within short time, aiding the poverty eradication schemes. At the end, implications are made and further studies are recommended for