National Crisis Research Articles

Crisis communication and U.S. national security: A comprehensive review: Understanding the importance of timely and accurate information dissemination

This comprehensive review examines the critical role of crisis communication in the context of U.S. national security, with a focus on the importance of timely and accurate information dissemination. The study explores the evolution of crisis communication strategies within the national security apparatus, assessing their effectiveness in managing public perception and trust during national crises. Through a methodological synthesis of case studies and content analysis, the review identifies best practices and challenges in crisis communication, including the balance between transparency and security, the impact of misinformation, and the implications of technological advancements. Historical perspectives provide insights into past national security crises, informing the development of current organizational structures and interagency coordination for crisis communication. The role of digital media is critically analyzed, emphasizing its influence on modern communication dynamics. The research culminates in policy recommendations aimed at enhancing crisis communication preparedness, developing resilient infrastructures, and fostering international cooperation. The findings suggest that strategic improvements in crisis communication are imperative for the effective safeguarding of national interests in an increasingly interconnected and information-driven world.

AIRPORTS AS AN ATTRACTION: A CASE STUDY OF CHANGI AND INCHEON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS

Airports in Singapore and the Republic of Korea have higher passenger traffic than those in neighboring countries. This may be because Changi International Airport in Singapore and Incheon International Airport in Korea are not only functional but also attractions. Such airports are beneficial during national crises, such as pandemics and economic downturns, because they serve as tourist attractions. This study examines the services offered by these two airports to identify factors that could help Vietnamese airports enhance their services. The results indicate that Vietnamese airports should provide cultural amenities consistently across all terminals. However, as Changi and Incheon International Airports are larger than Vietnam’s airports, future studies should focus on smaller airports, such as Tan Son Nhat Airport, to investigate methods to attract tourists.

Design and Build the Social Security Equity Crowdfunding Application as Funding Optimization for MSMEs

The existence of MSMEs for the economy in Indonesia is very strategic because of their contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) and high employment. In addition, the MSME sector has proven to be strong in facing national and international economic crises. Even though it has a high contribution it does not mean that MSMEs do not face problems. One of the problems faced by MSMEs is the low ability to develop their business due to limited access to capital. Therefore, this study aims to design and build a funding application (social security equity crowdfunding) for MSMEs. The design of this study uses a research and development approach with four main stages, namely (1). Carry out a preliminary study through theoretical studies and field studies in order to develop an application framework. (2) Compile applications according to the design carried out in the preliminary stage. (3) Conduct expert validation tests and limited-scale trials. (4). The final stage of this research was conducting a large-scale trial of 30 MSMEs in Tulungagung, Kediri and Blitar Regencies. Through research, a funding application is produced with a social security equity crowdfunding scheme that can assist MSMEs in developing alternative funding outside of financial institutions, so as to increase the business capacity and competitiveness of MSMEs at the national and international levels.
 Keywords: social security equity crowdfunding application, funding alternatives, MSMEs

Exploring the Challenges and Opportunities of Funding in Public Universities in Ghana in the Context of Declining State Subvention

The role of tertiary education for socio-economic development globally demands adequate funding to effectively train high-quality experts in the current knowledge economy. However, the funding support from government for tertiary education institutions in Ghana after independence had declined due to national financial crisis and equally important demand for social services and other infrastructure needs. The study objectives aim at examining the funding challenges in public universities and how these universities explore the available opportunities to mobilize extra resources for effective delivery of their core mandate. This study used a mixed method approach for data collection. The findings reveal that there are delays in state subvention payments which force some universities to contract bank loans at high interest rates to pay staff salaries and government does not pay the accrued interest. Further, the state issue policy directives to restrict resource mobilization efforts of the universities. Despite the state funding challenges, the study findings reveal that the universities are not ready for self-financing and would require state funding to deliver effectively. Other funding opportunities that could be accessed to supplement state subvention are public-private-partnership (PPP) commercial ventures, endowment funds and prudent management of available fund. The need to manage effects of state regulatory policies to minimize industrial conflict in the universities is imperative. The universities should utilize their varied expertise to establish a consortium of training of trainers for grant proposal writing and other capacity development programmes for commercial purposes to mobilize funds

Using ecumenical experiences to respond to new public life challenges

The description of the history of the church in Zimbabwe highlights the presence of a visibly united church that has been actively involved in supporting public life since the colonial era. The division within the Christian community is not a recent phenomenon but has existed throughout colonial history. The Zimbabwe Heads of Christian Denominations (ZHOCD) serves as an umbrella organisation that aims at re-uniting Christian efforts of Catholic, Protestant, Evangelical, and Indigenous traditions, in order to have a collective influence on democratic processes in Zimbabwe. The ZHOCD takes a combative approach towards state tyranny and is proactive in seeking solutions for public life challenges. This active engagement is beneficial for national agendas, that allow citizens to freely choose and join political parties of their preferences. The individual actions and activities of the ZHOCD members contribute towards the overall work of the churches in Zimbabwe. This demonstrates religious confidence in addressing the political and economic impacts on human well-being. By fulfilling its mission and tasks, the ZHOCD actively participates in the shaping public life in Zimbabwe.Contribution: The article contributes towards alternative ecumenical responses to national crises, using the case of the Zimbabwe Heads of Christian Denominations. These responses can be used by any ecumenical Christian bodies to deal with challenges arising in a state due to political differences and challenges.

Feasibility of Primary Care Family-Centered Mental Health Treatment Engagement Intervention

Adolescent mental health has become a national crisis. Screening and referral in primary care have become a norm but do not guarantee engagement in services. As an adjunct to current screening practices, our team developed the Parent Engagement and Motivation Method (PEMM), which uses family systems and social psychology principles in an 8-step, structured approach. Parents and adolescents are brought to a shared understanding of the problem and motivated to overcome barriers to treatment engagement. We describe PEMM and demonstrate initial acceptability and feasibility from surveys completed by primary care providers who received training in this approach.

Modeling and Prediction of Birth Rate in China

Concerns about a persistent reduction are growing against the backdrop of large changes in Chinas birth rate during the last few decades. This paper explores this tendency via the lens of time series analysis, using birth rate records from 1964 through 2021 (particularly ignoring 1960-1963 due to Great Leap Forward distortions). The ARIMA and ETS models were extensively studied in our hunt for the best accurate forecasting device. The ARIMA (0,0,1) model was considered to be preferred based on comparison measures. The primary goal of this model was to predict the trend of Chinas fertility rates over the following five years. The ARIMA an1``d ETS models were rigorously applied to a selected training set after initial adjustments to ensure data stationarity, followed by an evaluation of their accuracy. Our findings, which are backed by the ARIMA model, imply a disturbing trend: a 0.117 percent annual fall in Chinas birth rate from 2022 to 2026. This suggests that a national fertility crisis is on the horizon. As a first step, we advise looking at the various socioeconomic reasons that may be driving this trend, as well as evaluating policy actions that could serve as potential cures.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СТРАТЕГИЙ СОЗДАНИЯ РАБОЧИХ МЕСТ СТУДЕНТОВ В СФЕРЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The continuous development of economic globalization has led to huge changes in the field of education in Russia. Unfortunately, due to the serious social problems left after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian society found itself in a state of serious national crisis, and the field of higher education was not spared. Russian higher education has faced a number of problems. In 2003, Russia joined the Bologna Process and began a comprehensive reform of higher education. This process has made an important contribution to ensuring the quality of European higher education, implementing the integration of European higher education and promoting research and innovation in the field of European higher education. The promotion of innovations in education, especially in the field of higher education, has become a key factor in increasing its international competitiveness.

Examining cultural policy shifts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT This study examines the evolving role of governments in cultural policy implementation in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States before, during, and after the COVID-19 crisis. The findings reveal distinct cultural policy frameworks before the pandemic, influenced by the unique path dependency of each country. However, in response to the crisis, these countries have converged, experiencing increased government intervention to address national challenges. Notably, the United States, contrary to past efforts, has augmented support for the arts, particularly through the National Endowment for the Arts. The research aims to offer comparative insights into cultural policy during national crises, offering practical lessons for countries facing similar institutional and circumstantial conditions.

Medications For Opioid Use Disorder Increased Among Louisiana Medicaid Enrollees During Policy Reforms, 2018-21.

Increasing access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is a key strategy in addressing the opioid crisis. To increase MOUD access, state governments have pursued a combination of increased funding for MOUD and requirements that providers offer treatment. Louisiana has pursued multiple strategies, including a requirement that residential treatment programs offer MOUD as part of their licensure. Using Louisiana Medicaid claims data for enrollees with diagnosed OUD from the period 2018-21, we analyzed trends in MOUD between enrollees treated in residential and nonresidential settings and across demographic subgroups, and we compared trends by MOUD type. MOUD use more than tripled from 2018 to 2021 among Louisiana Medicaid enrollees diagnosed with OUD. Most of the increase in MOUD was attributable to buprenorphine use. Methadone uptake also contributed to greater MOUD use but was almost exclusively used by enrollees treated in nonresidential settings, whereas naltrexone was consistently more common in residential treatment. By 2021, differences persisted across demographic groups: MOUD use was highest among enrollees who were White, were older, had comorbidities, and lived in a metropolitan area. Policies that promote MOUD in substance use treatment programs, particularly residential programs, are critical tools for policy makers confronting a complex and unprecedented national overdose crisis.

Foreword to: Indiana University's Response to the Addictions Crisis: A Grand Challenge Initiative.

Use of heroin, prescription painkillers, methamphetamines, and fentanyl led to a national health crisis in 2017, resulting in 1852 overdose deaths in Indiana. Governor Eric J. Holcomb made tackling substance use in the state one of his highest priorities, calling on all Hoosiers to collaborate. In October 2017, Indiana University (IU) President Michael A. McRobbie responded, announcing that the University would be initiating the Responding to the Addictions Crisis Grand Challenge (AGC). Partners included Governor Holcomb, IU Health, and Eskenazi Health. Leveraging the university's research strengths and partnering with more than 160 community organizations across the state, the AGC sought to address substance use facing Indiana and beyond. Fifty interdisciplinary research projects were created through the AGC, focusing on IU's greatest strength in five areas: (1) education, training, and certification; (2) data science and analysis; (3) policy analysis, economics, and law; (4) basic, applied, and translational research; (5) community engagement and workforce development. Diversity, equity, and inclusion implications were often considered. This supplement describes the IU approach to address the health of the people of the State, investigator initiated projects and research conducted to inform practice, strategy and policy.

Monkeypox Emergence Post-COVID: Insight into Egyptian Older Adult's Awareness, Concern, and Mental Health.

Aim: To identify Egyptian older adults' awareness, concerns, and mental health about the monkeypox outbreak. Background: In light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, monkeypox disease is receiving more attention. The monkeypox virus outbreak has posed a global concern, especially to older adults with comorbidities. Natural disasters, and endemic affect older persons' mental health. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive design was followed. Methods: 254 older adults were recruited from three outpatient clinics using consecutive sampling using four tools. Results: 74.0% of older study participants were unaware of monkeypox. Gender, level of education, residence, worry about contracting monkeypox infection, and mental distress are predictors of awareness about monkeypox (p < .001). Worry of contracting monkeypox infection was common among female participants (p = .038), highly educated (p = .001), who had a low level of awareness and high level of mental distress (p = .001 for both). Conclusion: Awareness of monkeypox was associated with worry and mental distress. Gerontological nurses have a vital role in contacting older adults and providing care and education that decreases worry and preserves minds and feelings, improving their quality of life. Establishing a national strategic planning and crisis prevention framework to alleviate psychological distress and prevent mental health issues from deteriorating in this group is crucial.

Feng Zhi’s Spatiotemporal View of “Spirit of engagement through Landscape” in His Sonnet Collection

In the time of national crisis, Feng Zhi’s experience of displacement made him deeply feel the close connection between group experience, historical events and individual life. The unresolved spiritual depression prompted him to persistently seek a positive way of entering the world in his ordinary life and natural landscape. He was inspired by the nature of “wilderness”, “path”, “mountain and river”, etc., and then “fed back” his thoughts to nature, consciously extending his life experience in his poetry collection.

Mapping the changing role of expertise in COVID-19 politics in Europe

During major national crises countries experience a ‘rally round the flag’ effect, where citizens, societal groups and politicians put aside mundane conflicts to stand united against a common threat. This shift to depoliticised policymaking was indeed observed in many European countries during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 onwards. Subsequently it noted how politics involving COVID-19 were then (re)politicised, typically when lockdowns were lifted. This article sets out to explore the role of expertise in shaping policy responses during politicised/depoliticised processes. It offers a new typology, classifying four different ideal types of roles for experts as leading, antagonistic, managerial, and auxiliary. Using survey data from political science experts across 31 European countries it analyses knowledge exchanges at different stages throughout the pandemic, and finds a shift from normal policymaking conditions to conditions of politicisation/depoliticisation triggered by the pandemic. The findings demonstrate that the role of experts oscillates depending on the issue at hand and the way that either political actors utilise expertise to legitimise decisions or experts themselves turn into political actors within politicised decision environments. During the pandemic, a dramatic shift of the expert’s role occurred where even in countries whose experts previously had an auxiliary role, leading policy decisions became the norm.

Unlearning Limited Grief Constructs: Advancing an Intersectional Grief Literacies Framework

Though all humans endure bereavement and grief, the U.S. context is largely organized by race. Amid our racial reckoning climate, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021), rightly declared racism as a fundamental driver in health disparities. More specifically, race is a strong predictor of morbidity and life expectancy in the U.S. Hence, the CDC named racism a national public health crisis. Strikingly though, grief research tends to lack much-needed race, gender, or class specific analysis and resources. Instead, grief research often offers “neutral” resources that often fail to even mention race—let alone discuss how the intersectional impacts of racism, genderism, or classism influence morbidity and mortality. In unlearning limited grief constructs, this paper generates possibilities to acknowledge, assess, and build capacity for humane and transformative racial, gender, and class equity in grief research by offering an intersectional grief literacies theoretical framework.

Problems of financing urban mobility resilience in Poland

Motivation: The efficient functioning of transportation systems is subject to various types of disruptions and risks. Transportation systems are strongly affected by all kinds of local, regional, national, or global crises. The European Union’s transport policy indicates the need to build sustainable, intelligent, and resilient urban mobility systems based on public mass transit. The paradigm of resilience has gained particular importance in the context of the global crises of the last five years. Resilient urban mobility systems are intended to provide the ability to respond quickly to disruptions that occur, allowing urban organisms to achieve operational stability.Aim: The purpose of the study is to identify the main problems with financing the resilience of public mass transit systems in Polish cities. The specific aims are the identification of the factors determining the resilience of urban mobility systems and tools supporting it, measures of resilience and ways of financing it. The study sought to verify whether the mobility systems of Polish regional cities can be considered resilient from a financial point of view.Results: Financing urban public mass transport in Poland is based on two key sources of income: fees from ticket sales and payments (compensations) made by local governments. The economic and energy crisis contributed to a significant increase in the operating costs of public mass transportation providers. In this context, the key to building resilient public mass transport systems in urban areas is to make changes to existing models to ensure a stable PTA financing system.

Life Cycle Assessment of Water Treatment Plant Using Open LCA Software

Abstract: India is bearing from one of the world's worst national water crises. More than 50% of the population from India has no access to safe drinking water. The production of potable water from surface water includes several processes, energy consumption, and chemical dosing. Yet, the water treatment industry may be responsible for significant global environmental impacts, the most common amongst which are the depletion of natural resources and indirect release of pollutants into the water, land, and air through chemicals and energy consumption. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool that could be used to generate information on the environmental impacts of water treatment systems. Hence this study identifies the impact of WTP Miraj by using the LCA approach to determine the holistic profile. Impacts were assessed for construction phase and operational phase by considering the emissions from raw material extraction, manufacturing and use.

딥러닝을 활용한 출산율 예측 모형의 제안

This study applied the multiple linear regression analysis and DNN-based artificial intelligence models to determine the impact of population, social, economic, educational, and real estate factors, and educational and medical facility infrastructure on fertility rates in cities and provinces. It intends to predict the fertility rate to overcome the national crisis and provide essential data to address low fertility rate. Younger age at marriage and pregnancy, and higher real estate and apartment lease prices significantly impact fertility rate in cities. An increase in obstetrics and gynecology medical institutions slightly lowers fertility rate. Meanwhile, higher cost of private education, and an increase in number of kindergartens and elementary schools positively affect fertility rate. Furthermore, a higher gross regional product per capita leads to a higher fertility rate. Predicting fertility rate can provide basic data for policy preparation to address low fertility rates.

A systematic analysis and data mining of opioid-related adverse events submitted to the FAERS database.

The opioid epidemic has become a serious national crisis in the United States. An indepth systematic analysis of opioid-related adverse events (AEs) can clarify the risks presented by opioid exposure, as well as the individual risk profiles of specific opioid drugs and the potential relationships among the opioids. In this study, 92 opioids were identified from the list of all Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, annotated by RxNorm and were classified into 13 opioid groups: buprenorphine, codeine, dihydrocodeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, tapentadol, and tramadol. A total of 14,970,399 AE reports were retrieved and downloaded from the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) from 2004, Quarter 1 to 2020, Quarter 3. After data processing, Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM) was then applied which identified 3317 pairs of potential risk signals within the 13 opioid groups. Based on these potential safety signals, a comparative analysis was pursued to provide a global overview of opioid-related AEs for all 13 groups of FDA-approved prescription opioids. The top 10 most reported AEs for each opioid class were then presented. Both network analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis were conducted to further explore the relationship between opioids. Results from the network analysis revealed a close association among fentanyl, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, which shared more than 22 AEs. In addition, much less commonly reported AEs were shared among dihydrocodeine, meperidine, oxymorphone, and tapentadol. On the contrary, the hierarchical clustering analysis further categorized the 13 opioid classes into two groups by comparing the full profiles of presence/absence of AEs. The results of network analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis were not only consistent and cross-validated each other but also provided a better and deeper understanding of the associations and relationships between the 13 opioid groups with respect to their adverse effect profiles.

Federalism and the significance of Governmental Agencies and of organizational Experience at the time of country’s Crisis: Tracing the Emergency Medication Response System of the Covid-19 Pandemic

This research has focused on the emergency response based on the section 1135 emergency waivers which were devised as instruments for policymakers to swiftly enhance the capacity of the health system in times of disaster. By providing flexibilities in regulations, administration, and payment models during the COVID-19 pandemic, states could be better prepared for a surge in hospitalizations and protecting the life of those who were in the emergency response to take care through the process of the hospitalization on time. It employs a Time-to-Event analytical framework to identify key factors influencing the adoption of a state’s 1135 Waiver request. In the primary model, the event of interest is a state making a request for a Section 1135 Waiver, and the dependent random variable is the time elapsed between the disaster proclamation and the state’s request date. The primary independent variable is binary, indicating whether a state has previously sought Section 1135 Medicaid flexibilities during past emergencies. The study stands as the inaugural attempt to pinpoint notable factors influencing Section 1135 Waivers. If efficiency is gauged by swifter requests, then the effectiveness of emergency waivers during the COVID-19 pandemic is predominantly shaped by institutional and external factors. it has revealed that the effective organizational and institutional tasks in the federalism during the emergency would assist to address the issues of the national crisis as it has been explained by the 1135 Waivers as the sample study for further information to the concerned stakeholders not merely in the advanced nation as of the United States of The America but even to the backward countries as of the Asian continents.