National Crime Records Bureau Research Articles

Profile of Alleged Accused in Sexual Offence Cases Examined in Kilpauk Medical College – Chennai- A Retrospective Study

Despite strict laws like POCSO (Protection of Children Against Sexual Offenses), the cases of sexual violenceagainst children are not declining in India, relatively it is snowballing year by year. Apart from metros, suchheinous crimes are being carried out in small towns as well. The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reportfor the year 2020 states that 47,221 cases of child sexual abuse were registered in the country. Most of the victimsin these cases were girls. According to NCRB, the maximum happenings of sexual violence and sexual abusehappened with girls aged 16 to 18 years. Activists working in this field say that many times the cases do not reachthe police or the family overpowers them for fear of defamation. The POCSO Act was enacted years ago to protectchildren from sexual abuse. The question is, has the law been successful in rewarding its objective? According tothe 2016 to 2020 (NCRB) report, the number of reported child sexual abuse cases increased from 36,321 in 2016to over 47,000 in 2020. This is an increase of 31 percent. According to experts, this number is also just the tip ofthe iceberg. In the 2020 report of NCRB, it has been said that only 36 percent of the crimes against children areregistered under POCSO. The research paper examines the retrospective study of the alleged accused in sexualoffence cases examined in Kilpauk Medical College.

Systemic Assessment of Fabricated Injury in Sexual Assault Cases: A Narrative Review

Sexual assault on females may ruin the entire life of the victim. Victims of such incidents rarely get support from any quarters of society, including their family members. On the other hand, men can be made the victim of such heinous crimes by false accusations by women for various motives. As most of the judgments on sexual assault cases are based on circumstantial history, and oral evidence, it may be very hard to disprove the allegation. According to the figures from National Crime Records Bureau’s (NCRB) crime in India report 2020, less than 8% of all cases under investigation for rape were found to be false. In 2014, the Delhi commission for women submitted a report stating that, 53.2% of rape cases registered between April 2013- July 2014 was false. In India, the threat of false rape cases on one pretext or the other is increasing since the new amendment to the rape law in 2013. This fact is evident from the study of court judgments and media reports. In most false sexual assault cases, the victim took advantage of a fabricated injury to strengthen the case. There are various motives behind fabricating injury to register false sexual assault cases some of which are, to bring a charge of rape, heartbreak, anger, or some other mala fide motive induces a woman to file a false rape case majority, some women just do it to seek the attention of the media and have publicity, to defame others, to gain a large sum of money by a false allegation and to obtain compensation from the Government, In most cases, it is also found that to cover up first sexual intercourse women falsely accuse their partner of sexual assault. Various studies of disguised injuries in assault incidents showed that, the limbs, neck, and chest are the most favoured sites for disguised injuries.

Aggression, Suicide, and Self-Harm in Children and Adolescents

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents in the age group of 15 to 19 years. As per the National Crime Record Bureau, India loses 1 student to suicide every hour. The COVID pandemic saw an alarming rise in the number of children/adolescents attempting suicide. The state of Kerala lost 173 children in the age group of 10 to 18 years, during the first wave of the pandemic (March-October 2020). This review article has been written with the aim of exploring causes of aggression, suicide, and self-harm in children and adolescents. It also strives to bring forth the various interventions which can be taken in order to reduce the rate of suicide and self-harm in children and adolescents.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Suicidal Behaviour.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Suicidal Behaviour.

Curbing Traffic Rule Violation Using Machine Vision

According to a 2017 report of the Bureau of Police Research there are 20 crore registered vehicles for 72,000 traffic police. Though the number of traffic police have not changed much the number of vehicles has gone up to nearly 30 crore in 2022. Many drivers know that the probability of getting caught is very less. So, traffic rules like speed suggestions are taken more as a suggestion than a rule to be followed. This leads to many road accidents. The National Crime Record Bureau data on the accidental deaths in India shows the number has increased from 3,54,796 in 2020 to 4,03,116 in 2021.the fatalities have increased by 16.8 percent. The Cause-wise analysis reveals that most of the road accidents were due to over speeding accounting for 2,40,828 out of 4,03,116 cases (59.7%) causing 87,050 deaths and injuring 2,28,274 people. This project aims to reduce these over speeding violations by processing the CCTV camera footage to identify the violators and warn them and to fine the repeat violators. With the ever-increasing number CCTV cameras being installed across India and knowing that they are constantly monitored by the authorities will push the drivers to follow the rules more strictly

Sociodemographic Profile of Burns Case for Autopsy: One Year Study

Background: Burns constitute a major cause of deaths, both suicidal & accidental in the world & our country.As per the National crime record bureau of India, burns one among the common method of suicide and the rateof fatal suicidal burns was 2.6% in 2021. In Tamil Nadu, the rate of suicide is 11.5%, and also, being the secondhighest among the other states.(1) This study is undertaken with the aim to study sociodemographic profile ofburns case brought to autopsy at tertiary medical college, along with the pattern & outcome.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in a total of 53 cases of burns brought for medicolegal autopsy duringthe study period. Data including age, gender, socioeconomic status, manner of burns , % of burns, duration ofsurvival were all collected based on pre structured proforma & further was analysed using standard statisticalmethod.Results and Conclusion: Burns incidence is seen in mostly age group 31-40, with majority of them beingfemales(62.27%).suicidal burns are more common (73.59%), with >75%(66.03% ) burns being more. About 35.8%survived for 1-7 days prior to succumbing death.Enhancing a better mental& physical environment should be the priority. Early & effective treatment can be usefulin reducing the mortality due to burns.

IOT based Social Safety Android Application using Geolocation for Real Time Tracing

Abstract: Women's security is a critical issue in today's world, and it is very crucial for every individual to be acting over such a problem. But this problem is not only limited to women but also to other citizens like old people and children. Today most of the old people and children are victim of illness and child abuse. Crime against senior citizens in the New Delhi city rose by 22% in 2021 compared to 2020 as published by National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). According to NCRB crime against children in 2019 recorded were 1,48,185 cases, which means an average of 400 crimes were committed every day in the country. These society problems led the motivation for development of a social safety application.

Information Literacy among High School Students: A Study about Cyber Literacy for the use of Online Resources

Post-COVID situations have opened many opportunities and challenges in the education world. The challenges are the accumulation of the pre-COVID and the COVID technology requirements to have a proper environment for the students. The recently released National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) of India cautioned the information and library professionals about the need for information literacy programs regarding the use of Online Resources. In response, this study was attempted among students of select high schools in Mysore city to understand the literacy level regarding cyber security and its implication. The data analysis suggests the urgent need for an information literacy program for teachers and librarians.

Retinopathy Image Augmentation Using Robust Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) : A Review

Crimes against women have become a global problem, and many governments are striving to curb them. The National Crime Records Bureau indicates that crimes against women have risen substantially. In June, NCW received the most crime complaints against women in eight months. The Indian government is interested in finding a solution to this problem and promoting social progress. Each year, crime reports generate a vast amount of data, which is collated. This information may help us evaluate and anticipate criminal behavior and reduce criminal activity. Data analysis involves assessing, cleansing, manipulating, and modelling data to draw conclusions and enhance decision-making. This research uses supervision learning to analyze the Indian women's criminal examination. The police department received crime reports. Anomalies, invalid locations, longitudes, and scopes were created in advance. The study was meant to breakdown women's crimes by kind and district and produce crime heat maps. The results help decision makers predict and prevent crimes against women. Applying Find the geographical criminal hotspot and the kind of crime, such as murder, rape, sexual assault, beating, dowry threats by the husband or his family, immoral trafficking, stalking, etc.

A Review on Forecasting Crime against women in India using Machine Learning Approaches

Crimes against women have become a global problem, and many governments are striving to curb them. The National Crime Records Bureau indicates that crimes against women have risen substantially. In June, NCW received the most crime complaints against women in eight months. The Indian government is interested in finding a solution to this problem and promoting social progress. Each year, crime reports generate a vast amount of data, which is collated. This information may help us evaluate and anticipate criminal behavior and reduce criminal activity. Data analysis involves assessing, cleansing, manipulating, and modelling data to draw conclusions and enhance decision-making. This research uses supervision learning to analyze the Indian women's criminal examination. The police department received crime reports. Anomalies, invalid locations, longitudes, and scopes were created in advance. The study was meant to breakdown women's crimes by kind and district and produce crime heat maps. The results help decision makers predict and prevent crimes against women. Applying Find the geographical criminal hotspot and the kind of crime, such as murder, rape, sexual assault, beating, dowry threats by the husband or his family, immoral trafficking, stalking, etc.

Distribution of Suicides in India: A Decadal Data Analysis (2011-2020)

Abstract Background India accounts for a significant proportion of suicide deaths globally. As per the Global Burden of Disease Study, India’s share of global suicides from 1990 to 2016 increased from 25·3% to 36·6% among women and 18·7% to 24·3% among men. However, medical factors are not the sole contributors to the suicide burden. Methods I analyze decadal data (2011-2020) on suicides in India provided by National Crime Records Bureau. This data contains the distribution of suicidal deaths based on age groups, causes, professions, gender, and residence zones. Results The analysis suggests that individuals aged ‘15-29 years’ were most affected (35.05%) by suicides, followed by those aged ‘30-44 years’ (32.61%). Family problems contribute to the highest burden of suicides among both these age groups. Such deaths can be attributed to personal reasons. Suicides due to dowry disputes are exclusive to women. Also, women report the highest instances of suicides due to marriage-related issues. While suicides due to drug abuse, bankruptcy, unemployment, poverty, and property disputes were mainly reported among males. In 2020, the rise in annual suicide rate was found to be highest among business persons (29.43%), especially tradesmen (49.9%) and vendors (26.11%) against other businesses (12.13%). Other professions which witnessed a steep rise in annual suicide rates in 2020 were agricultural laborers (17.90%) and daily wage earners (15.76%). This increase in suicide rates may be linked to economic reasons post lockdown imposition during the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020. Conclusions Women commit suicide mainly due to marriage-related causes, while men are more vulnerable to suicide due to economic factors. Not all suicides can be traced back to diagnosed mental illnesses. A significant proportion of suicides are attributed to personal, economic, and social problems. The insights generated from this analysis can help identify the vulnerable groups and target the much-needed interventions. Key messages • Suicide is a multifaceted problem involving various personal, economic, cultural, and social factors, besides medical reasons. • Multidimensional strategies targeted at vulnerable groups could be potentially effective in curbing suicide rate.

The Demographic Profile of Suicidal Hanging Deaths in North India.

Suicidal hanging is the most prevalent means of suicide worldwide, particularly among young people, and reveals the state of mental health in certain indigenous populations. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, hanging was the most frequent cause of suicide in India in 2019 and 2020, accounting for 53.6% and 57.8% of total suicidal deaths. The current study examines the seasonal distribution of suicide-hanging fatalities in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, as well as the male and female incidence. A four-year retrospective examination of autopsy data at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, from October 2018 to July 2022. A total of 1720 autopsies were performed during this period with 130 (7.56%) suicidal hangings. Males were disproportionately impacted (n=100, 76.92%). The ratio of men to women is 3.33:1. The mean ages of the males and females were 33.09 ±12.59 and 24.9 ±7.84 years, respectively. The majority of deaths occurin the third decade of life. The summer months saw the highest number of deaths (April-June). This data may be used to identify persons with a higher chance of committing suicide by hanging and can be utilized to help people through a nationwide suicidal prevention program that employs a multi-disciplinary team approach. Epidemiological studies should evaluate the psychosocial characteristics of men and women separately to identify the population at risk and develop preventative approaches. This is a single-center, retrospective study.

Health Rights of Prisoners and Prison Law Reforms during COVID-19 Pandemic in India

Background: The National Crime Record Bureau and the Prison Statistics India, 2020 report on the overcrowding and occupancy in jails has ripple effect on the spread of the COVID-19.The protection to health freedoms of detainees and prisoners reflected in the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidance on COVID-19 for Prisons and Detention, 2020. The Indian jails have congestion and inhabitance and prone to contagion disease. The COVID-19 has an expanding transmission among detainees in prisons, jails and detention homes. Objectives: The WHO Guidance on COVID-19 for Prisons and Detention, 2020 standardizes the essential instrument to manage the COVID-19 difficulties in penitentiaries and confinement homes. The direction secures the strength of detainees and convicts living in encased conditions. The ostensible purpose is to contain the COVID-19 disease from spreading to general population and release the under trials for the safe healthy conditions. Methodology: The methodology applied the canons of statutory interpretation of United Nations Principles of the Protection of Prisoners, 1982 and Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners, 1990 alongside the Moscow Declaration on Prisons and Health, 2003 and Nelson Mandela Rules, 2015 in fostering the health equity and criminal justice during COVID-19 pandemic. The mandate of the WHO Interim Guidance on COVID-19 in Prisons and Other Places of Detention, 2020 is straight out in preventive and medicinal measures for the penitentiaries and confinement homes in the virus of COVID-19. Results: The paper tracks the salubrious results of the international legal norms and national precedents of High Courts and Supreme Court in heralding systemic prison reform. The compliance of WHO Interim Guidance on Preparedness, Prevention and Control of COVID-19 In Prisons and Other Places of Detention, 2020 cultivated robust criminal administration during COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown in India. Conclusion: The judgment of High Courts and Supreme Court on prison reform during the COVID-19 pandemic in India has resulted in Health Rights of Prisoners and Prison Law Reforms during COVID-19 Pandemic in India. It also refurbished the medical services in correctional facilities and confinement homes in criminal justice system. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 04 October’22 Page : 893-900

Does Demonetisation in India Achieve its Objectives?

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: T he d emonetisation e xercise i n I ndia a imed t o t ackle t he problems of black money, fake currency, corruption, and terror funding. The drying-up of cash due to demonetisation initially led to a significant increase in digital payment methods. However, large underprivileged informal Indians still prefer cash for their daily needs. The restoration of currency in circulation and increasing cash–to–GDP ratio in the following years questioned the success of digitalisation. Demonetisation has been noted to increase the tax base, tax collection and taxpayers. But this does not compensate for the negative impacts of demonetisation on the economy. Therefore, this paper tries to answer the question whether all of the stated goals will be achieved. Materials and methods: For the purpose of analysis, secondary data were drawn from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) and Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT). Results: The study found that, except in certain areas, demonetisation has failed to achieve its claimed key objectives. Only minimal short-term gains have resulted from demonetisation and at the same time, it wreaked havoc and harmed the economy. Conclusions: The efficiency of demonetisation as a strategy for combating black money is still up for dispute. If the government had done its homework before executing demonetisation, all of the mayhem could have been avoided. It was a badly thought-out, poorly planned, poorly implemented, and disastrously executed.

Pre-Emptive Smart Fan System to Avoid Suicide by Hanging

According to the most recent study from the World Health Organization, India has the highest suicide rate in the South-East Asian area. India's suicide rate was estimated at 10.4 suicides per 100,000 persons in the study released the day before World Suicide Prevention Day in 2019. Because of the depression people experience, the suicide rate has soared since the corona virus epidemic began. Suicide is most frequently committed by hanging oneself from a fan. The global rate of hanging suicide is quite concerning. According to a report by the Indian government's National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), quite a few hanging instances are documented each year. The majority of hanging cases are typically suicidal. The likelihood of a homicidal case leading to a hanging scene is exceedingly high. The crime scene must be examined on several key points in an undisturbed state, followed by an autopsy analysis, in order to differentiate between suicidal and homicidal hangings. Many other systems have been suggested to stop these cases. Thus, the primary goal of this study is to decrease the number of suicide attempts that occur, and these prevention techniques will aid in saving lives in order to address this issue.

Getis-Ord (Gi*) based Farmer Suicide Hotspot Detection

Farmer suicidal hotspot detection proposed in this paper aims to reduce the death of the farmers. Using geographical information system is vital in predicting potential hotspots for farmer suicide. This study has collected and analyzed data on farmer suicide in India, using state-wise information from the National Crime Records Bureau and has determined the recent higher rate of farmer suicide. Spatial statistics analysis tools that address average nearest neighbor analysis has been used. Global analysis through Moran's Index, analyzed that the farmer suicides have a clustered pattern and plotted a farmer suicidal hotspot map using Getis-Ord (Gi*) analysis. The results show the highest farmer suicide index is in Maharashtra and hence, farmer suicidal hotspot has been found district wise. There are four farmer suicidal factors such as, number of farmer suicide, the population density of farmers, climate, and income. This hotspot geographical region helps to identify future suicidal risk by studying the hotspot map. Moreover, government policy may suggest a hotspot zone to help the overall development of the country’s growth.

Impact of Education on Suicides in India

Aim. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of education on the rate of suicides in India. The paper further attempts to take a global outlook on how prevalent is suicide among countries with high education indicators.
 Methodology. The paper is based on secondary research with data collected from National Databases like National Crime Records Bureau and International databases of World Health Organization and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Data analysis is done using statistical technique like Correlation and using Microsoft Excel.
 Results. The study reveals that in India, the increase education levels of people have had negligible impact on the number of suicides in the country. Across states, the suicide rate and literacy rate have a positive correlation of 0.35; while correlation doesn’t mean causation and the two are mildly correlated, it does establish the fact that education doesn’t have a direct impact on the suicide rate. Also, the analysis indicates that even though the education levels in the country have risen, subsequently, the educational level among people who committed suicides also increased. Further, it is found that the countries that are ranked higher on PISA ranking and tertiary education attainment have mostly higher rates of suicide.
 Conclusions. As shown throughout the study, education hasn’t been an effective instrument in equipping people with life skills: with the increase in education levels across the country, there has been an increase in the education level of people who commit suicides concomitantly, as if the education is happening in vacuum with no effect on the persona of people committing suicides. Thus, it’s significant we question our educational practices; and re-align our goals of education such that it leads to overall development of an individual.

REPORTED CASES IPC CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN IN WEST BENGAL, INDIA: A STUDY WITH RECENT DATA

Objective of the study: The present study tries to explore the variation in criminal cases of crimes against children in West Bengal vis-à-vis India during the period 2006 to 2017. Methodology: This is mainly a descriptive study, which uses secondary information collected from the official records of the National Crime Records Bureau from 2006-2017 of India and West Bengal. The present study considers only the crimes against children that are punishable under IPC. Linear regression is carried out to explore the crime against children which is increasing over the years. Findings: The data shows that all sorts of crime against children are increasing over time and that more than 90 percent of crimes against children are committed by known people. Implications: There should be awareness programmes by the Government of India and the respective State Governments to teach the parents and the teachers of schools about how to prepare the children against any move committed against them and how to treat the children if such mis-happenings are already committed. The NGOs and mass medias also have their specific roles in order to stem violence against children. Limitations: Firstly, the study was based on secondary data. Hence, sometimes it was not specific to researcher’s needs. Secondly, National Crime Records Bureau provides history of crime upto 2017 and afterwards no further records regarding crimes were updated. So, the present situation of overall crime against children in India was not known. Key wordsKidnapping, Murder, Rape, Trafficking of girls

Psychosocial Predictors of Suicidal Ideation among School going Adolescents in Chennai

According to the National Crime Records Bureau (2020), Tamil Nadu ranked second in terms of student suicides in the country after Maharashtra. Student suicides spiked all over the country, contributing to 8.2% of deaths in India. It becomes necessary to understand predictive/risk and protective factors of Suicidal Ideation that might help in preventing adolescents from committing Suicide and empower them and their caregivers. The current study aims at understanding the influence of Emotional Intelligence, Quality of Interpersonal Relationships between parents and adolescents and Social Isolation on Suicidal Ideation among adolescents in Chennai. Furthermore, the study attempts to fill a relative dearth of culturally relevant studies. Earlier studies have suggested that Parenting, Interpersonal Relationships and Isolation were indicative of Suicidal Ideation while other studies posited that Emotional Intelligence was a protective factor against Suicidal Ideation. An ex-post facto research design was used for this research. Convenience sampling method was used to select samples from various schools across Chennai (n=196). The data was subjected to statistical analyses and the findings showed that dimensions of Emotional Intelligence and Quality of Relationships with parents showed strong relationships with Suicidal Ideation among adolescents. Regression analysis showed that Specific dimensions of Emotional Intelligence and Quality of Relationships with parents emerged as significant predictors of Suicidal Ideation. Keywords: Adolescence, Suicide, Parenting, Quality of Interpersonal Relationships, Isolation, Emotional Intelligence, Suicidal Ideation

Xboom utilities Pvt. Ltd: Leading self defence industry

NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau) has reported that were more than 228,650 cases against women, and the same incidents has raised about 44% in year 2015 accumulating 300,000. Though, India has strict rules and laws against the criminal activities for women like the Criminal Law (Amendment), Act 2013, which are favourable for the protection and forceful against sexual offenses. Crime, sexual harassment, rapes against women has been increasing day by day., The main objective of this paper is to gain detailed insight about the Women safety, rules and regulations, self-defense products and it’s market analysis then finally concluding with the future opportunities in self-defense products and it’s market.