National Committee Research Articles

Religious Moderation Index in Darul Ikhlas Islamic Boarding School

This research is motivated by the fact that Indonesia is a multicultural country, including religion, which is a challenge because it can trigger conflict and division if not managed well, the emergence of acts of terrorism in the name of religion and the emergence of movements that want changes to ideology. Islamic boarding schools consistently instill the values of religious moderation in students by using a moderate approach to understanding, far from attitudes of blind fanaticism and liberalism. This research is quantitative research with descriptive methods by collecting data through observation, distributing research questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The aim of this research is to find out how big the Religious Moderation Index is at the Darul Ikhlas Islamic Boarding School in Dalan Lidang, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency. This research measures the religious moderation index at the Darul Ikhlas Dalan Lidang Islamic Boarding School, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency, which includes four indicators of the Ministry of Ag's religious moderation, namely, national commitment, tolerance, non-violence and accommodating to local culture. It is found that the Religious Moderation Index at the Darul Ikhlas Dalan Lidang Islamic Boarding School, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency is 27.36% in the low category. Caused by a lack of understanding of religious moderation in the Islamic boarding school environment.

An Evaluation of Intellectual Property Rights Protection in Outer Space Activities

Plans for settlement on the moon and Mars, as well as satellite launches and space missions, are examples of the fast growing field of outer space operations. Establishing precise intellectual property rights frameworks has become essential as both public and commercial entities increase their investments in space technologies. Regarding jurisdictional authority, legislative authority, and the enforceability of intellectual property rights for technologies developed in space or utilized in extraterrestrial conditions, there are uncertainties. In the context of space operations, this article conducts a critical study of present international laws, treaties, and policy discussions on intellectual property protection. It investigates trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, patents, and industrial designs related to space technology, operations carried out in celestial bodies, and spacecraft launched from Earth. Analyzed are the gaps and restrictions provided by current legislation, particularly Article VIII of the Outer Space Treaty, which prohibits the appropriation of space. It is also assessed how well-suited the existing organizations are to manage this field, including the United Nations Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and international space law conventions. A review of recent US laws pertaining to "space resources" and case law is presented to emphasize the necessity of an international regulatory framework for intellectual property rights in space innovation, exploration, and business. A sui generis framework is necessary because of the worldwide cooperation needed in space stations and habitats and the lack of prior experience implementing territorial intellectual property rights in extraterrestrial environments. The key components of such a customized regime that are discussed in this article are the necessity for disclosure requirements for space innovations, subject matter jurisdiction, international agreements on ownership doctrines, and technological use, particularly the establishment of priority claims over space resources

Female’s Participation through First-Past-the-Post Electoral System in Provincial Election of Nepal

An election produces changes in the socio-cultural arena. The gender gap is commonly used in politics to indicate voting preferences and level of participation during pre-electoral, electoral and post-electoral activities. Gender gap creates obstacles in every step of gender mainstreaming. This article was prepared based on secondary data from the election commission, Nepal (ECN). To assess the status of female’s participation and to identify causes and measures of the gender gap in the provincial level first-past-the-post electoral system, this article was prepared as the title female’s participation through first-past-the-post electoral system in the provincial election of Nepal. A simple literature review was conducted to collect essential information to meet the objective. The status of female’s participation is found low at the provincial level first-past-the-post electoral system in Nepal. There were few numbers of nominate female candidates and elected female candidates in all 7 provinces. In Karnali province, even a single female candidate can’t win the race. To meet the national commitment in gender mainstreaming and to fulfill the target of sustainable development goals, all political parties must perform effective policy to increase the number of female candidates. Through politics, women can realize discrimination and destitution over them. Active participation of women in politics boosts up their roles as voters, candidates, elected officials, electoral administrators, observers, civil society representatives, etc. All barriers regarding female participation in politics must be corrected by concerned authorities as soon as possible with the visionary and coordinating leadership of the local, provincial, and federal government.

An Analytical Study of Pakistani Law Regarding Assurance of Halal Production and Consumption

The term Halaal is booming day by day. The entire world is in competition to boost it in order to add in the economy of their countries. Pakistan is an Islamic country and has designed its constitution in the light of Shariah. Halaal laws were first adopted by Thailand a non-Islamic country and Malaysia. After the formation of PSQCA in 1996 Shariah Standards for slaughtering were drafted by government. Then they were reviewed in 2010. Since then more than ten halal standards are approved by NSC PSQCA. In 2015 a bill by the name “Pakistan Halaal Authority PHA 2015” was approved by National Assembly and Senate, and now it has started working for the last some years. In this paper first we will review local laws regarding food before introduction of the term Halaal in Pakistan and then will have a detail glance on Pakistani laws regarding Halaal food from 1996 till date. We will discuss the status of Halaal standards finalized by Halaal food technical and National committees PSQCA, the status of various government bodies working for Halaal, acts and laws approved by Government in the field of Halaal and then will give some recommendations to the government in the light of research.

Faktor Prediktor Ketercapaian Target Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping

Hypertension is a disease that ranks third as the cause of death in Indonesia and Yogyakarta is in third place. Many factors that affect achieving blood pressure targets, such as age, comorbidities, gender, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive drug regimens are significantly associated with increased blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to describe using antihypertensive drugs and risk factors for achieving blood pressure targets in outpatient hypertension patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital, Yogyakarta. This research is a non-experimental research by designing analytical descriptive research. Data collection was carried out retrospectively from medical records of outpatient hypertension patients from January to July 2019. Data were collected by purposive sampling. The sample in this study was obtained as many as 103 patients. The data were analyzed descriptively to see the pattern of use of antihypertensive drugs and the percentage of achievement of blood pressure targets. The relationship between age, comorbidities, gender, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive drug regimen with achieving blood pressure targets was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results Based on the study, it was found that 42% of patients had achieved the blood pressure target based on Joint National Committee (JNC) VIII. Patients who received antihypertensive monotherapy were 33% and antihypertensive combinations were 67%. The most common monotherapy was Calcium Chanel Blocker (17.48%) while the most common antihypertensive combination was Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Calcium Channel Blocker (30.10%). There was a significant relationship between age, comorbidities, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive drug regimen on achieving blood pressure targets (p<0.05). The predictor factors that significantly influence achieving blood pressure targets in hypertensive patients are age, comorbidities, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive therapy regiment

Polish dialect kinship names according to the data in Volume 11. "Degrees of Kinship” of the Slavic Linguistic Atlas (preliminary results in a comparative perspective)

The article discusses data on kinship names in Polish dialects on the basis of an analysis of 82 linguistic maps and the comments to them from Volume 11. “Degrees of Kinship,” which has been prepared for publication by the Bulgarian National Commission as part of the lexical-word-formation series of the Slavic Linguistic Atlas. The language material is authentic, collected and verified on site by Polish dialectologists and includes terms for biological kinship and for relation by marriage and by matchmaking. Special attention is paid to the similarities and contrasts between Polish dialects and East and South Slavic dialects, on the one hand, and the Polish language and the other West Slavic languages, on the other. Emphasis is placed on kinship names that belong to the all- Slavic vocabulary, as well as the expansion of foreign language loanwords and elements that have completely replaced the native lexis. With nomina affinitatis, the disintegration of the old original naming system and the emergence of differences in the Slavic language territory can be traced. The research has employed linguo- geographical and comparative methods.

Nalar Sufisme dalam Pengarustamaan Moderasi Beragama di Indonesia

The mainstreaming of religious moderation in Indonesian is not welcomed positively by all elements of society. This is because there are some views that consider the mainstreaming of religious moderation as a form of liberalization or secularization of religion in state life. Through a normative-philosophical approach, this qualitative study aims to identify and explore the content of Sufism values on the four indicators of religious moderation formulated by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Data collection of this study through documentation. Data analysis includes the stages of reduction, presentation, and verification. The results of this study show the dimensions of Sufism values in indicators of religious moderation in Indonesia, including the value of mahabbah in indicators of tolerance and anti-radicalism, namely in the formation of Islamic religion full of compassion, love, and peace. Then, the value of itsar on the indicator of national commitment, namely in the formation of Islamic religion that maintains mutual benefit for the integration of social life. Furthermore, the value of futuwwah on indicators accommodating to local culture, namely in the formation of Islamic religion that is fair and non-discriminatory against cultural plurality. The theoretical implications of this study emphasize that there is a meeting point related to the manifestation of the value of Sufism teachings with indicators of religious moderation in Indonesia. The limitation of this study is that it has not examined the program of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia in socializing the integration of Sufism values with various indicators of religious moderation that it formulated.

The Actualization of the Value of Religious Moderation Islamic Perspective of Wasatiyah in the Subject of Akidah Aqhlak in MA Al Musdariyah, Cimahi City, West Java

For Indonesians, diversity is believed to be destiny. He was not asked, but a gift from God Who Created, not to be bargained but to be taken for granted. Indonesia is a country with ethnic, ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity that is almost unmatched in the world. In addition to the six religions that are most widely embraced by the community, there are hundreds or even thousands of tribes, regional languages and scripts, as well as local beliefs in Indonesia. Indonesia in the course of the nation's history has faced various alarming religious radicalism movements, so that they can be weakened from time to time from one government to government. Religious moderation is reflected in national commitments that uphold diversity, tolerance that respects differences of faith, rejection of all forms of violence in the name of religion, and acceptance and accommodation of cultural wealth and traditions that exist in society. The world of education becomes an agent of the State in the process of forming a paradigm of thinking and behaving of the future generation of the nation. The spirit of religious moderation is widely open to its application in the world of education, especially in the context of learning and socializing school residents. Madrasah Aliyah is a reflection of the implementation of the spirit of religious moderation in the educational environment which can be applied to school policy arrangements and in the classroom, namely learning. Based on this, it is necessary to study the concept of attitudes that can formulate in real and detail about behavior, how and what is the suitability of the concept of religious moderation, the perspective of Wasatiyah Islam in the teaching and learning process in the classroom. Researchers will examine the complementary linearity of the spirit of religious moderation in learning practices and can be a general standard of attitude that reflects religious observance, state obedience without leaving the culture of society.
 

Unveiling the Interests of Stakeholders in Institutional Accreditation

Higher education institutions engage in both programmatic and institutional accreditation in order to improve the quality of their instruction, but there are many other drivers including enhancing their reputation and complying with government requirements or requests. In 2022, the government of Qatar established the National Committee for Qualifications and Academic Accreditation. As part of its mandate, the committee developed a set of accreditation standards that included one dedicated to meeting the expectations of stakeholders and making an impact. We argue that having this distinct standard helps institutions orient themselves to what they need to do to fulfil their missions while focusing on serving their stakeholders. The approach to institutional accreditation presented in this paper incorporates the cause-and-effect concept that is structured into the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) model. Although we do not attempt to empirically investigate this approach in this paper, we believe it contributes to the literature related to modelling stakeholders’ needs and expectations in order to enhance the value of accreditation. In addition, this paper presents some of the relationships that exist between an institution and its stakeholders, as well as some suggestions for how institutions may consider becoming compliant with this new standard.

Maritime Cybersecurity: Tantangan Dan Strategi Keamanan Maritim Indonesia

The existence of digital transformation in the development of the world, makes the maritime industry increasingly rely on technology to carry out navigation, communication, and logistics intermediaries. As the maritime industry continues to adopt digitalization and adapt, the need for strategy as well as strengthening cybersecurity becomes critical for the country. The increase in cybercrime and its vulnerabilities should make Indonesia more aggressively address or anticipate this problem. Although it is proven that indonesia in its initiation of a cybersecurity strategy has increased, Indonesia is seen as still lacking to show the nation's commitment in terms of cyber security, when compared to data from NCIS (National Cyber security Index) from 2016-2023 Indonesia is still far below its neighbor, Malaysia, which is also a maritime country. Through a qualitative approach, this article aims to explain the urgency of cybersecurity in the maritime sector, highlighting challenges and solutions to protect ships, ports, and maritime infrastructure from cyber threats in Indonesia.

An Analysis of Qira’ah Textbooks for Islamic Senior Highschool: A Religious Moderation Perspective

Learning at Islamic schools functions to strengthen the values of religious moderation for students, so the selection of materials for all learning topics must support the transformation of religious moderation values, including in learning Arabic. This study aims to analyze the Arabic Maharah al-Qira’ah textbooks at Madrasa Aliyah (MA), which contain values of religious moderation. This study follows a qualitative-descriptive method. Data was collected using the content analysis method. The content analysis method is used to look at the constancy of the text content and the meaning of the contents of the Arabic Maharah al-Qira’ah textbooks at MA. The findings of this study indicate that the Arabic Qira’ah textbooks at MA contain religious moderation values including; national commitment, tolerance, anti-violence, and accommodation of local culture. The implications of this study are first, as an auto-corrective for Arabic textbook writers, and second, so that Arabic teachers can reinforce the values of religious moderation to students, both in the form of illustrations and by giving concrete examples in daily behavior.

“A program works better when the people using it help build it:” Co-Designing for Organizational Change with a Trauma-Informed Advisory Committee of Service Users 

Introduction: In Canada, as in many parts of the world, people with disabilities experience structural violence; they are more likely to face social exclusion and stigma and to live in poverty than their peers without disabilities. March of Dimes Canada (MODC) is transforming its programming by centering service users’ voices in decision-making, including program design, moving forward through an organizational initiative to emerge from this study. This paper focuses on a participatory action research project nested within a larger study Empowering Client Voices. The first half outlines what trauma-informed means in the context of a large cross-disability national advisory committee. How do we build awareness and sensitivity with senior-level management and staff about ableism and systemic barriers people with disabilities and frontline workers face daily? The second half focuses on operationalizing trauma-informed practices by working alongside March of Dimes Canada’s clients to co-design community engagement principles. 
 Method: As part of a larger participatory action research project, we have assembled an advisory committee to co-design community engagement principles to inform MODC’s transformation. We conduct monthly co-design workshops and focus groups. A researcher and facilitator with lived experience of caregiving/advocacy guides the discussion alongside service users taking leadership roles. All participants receive an honorarium in recognition of their efforts. 
 Results: As the project progresses (data collection begins in January 2023), we will have preliminary findings relevant to researchers and practitioners engaging through co-design in academic and community fora. We have already learned that being trauma-informed in our transformational initiative with a cross-disability community means 1) co-designing with service users as partners, 2) co-creating fully accessible spaces, and 3) understanding the impacts of navigating the daily trauma of structural violence brought about by ableism and lack of access to essential supports. Beginning in January, we will be unpacking the role of language by attending to questions such as: what language do we use when approaching our service users’ complex and intersecting identities? What language do we use when approaching diagnosis, service user feedback, goal setting, and well-being in client-facing materials and staff training? 
 Discussion and Conclusion: In running the advisory committee, at the heart of the study, we are developing and operationalizing a set of best practices to guide organizational trauma-informed practices in the context of community engagement. These best practices include 1) Community-based (co-designed) research, 2) strengths-based approaches, and 3) trauma-informed practices. MODC is intentionally shaping the advisory committees through well-established best practices of trauma-informed care in an organizational (rather than clinical) setting. These best practices along with the co-designed community engagement principles will anchor our organizational transformation in suggestions from MODC’s service users.
 Lessons and Future Research: In assembling our advisory committee, we are learning that (for MODC’s service users) accessibility, and universal design for access, are the foundations of trauma-informed care in the context of a cross-disability advisory committee. Future research should build on this finding by examining the implications of dis/ability, and (normalized) forms of structural violence, such as poverty and ableism, within the context of co-design with service users.

Activities of State Institutions of Ukraine in the Return of Cultural Property and Documentary Archival Collections

Objective. The purpose of this publication is to investigate the activities of the State institutions of Ukraine in identifying and returning historical, cultural property, library collection, and archival documents to Ukraine. Methods. The research is based on the method of system analysis and synthesis, historical method, structural-functional analysis, and problem method. Results. Based on archival documents, legislative and regulatory acts, and published research, the article analyzes the activities of state institutions of Ukraine in the process of returning cultural and historical property as well as archival and library collections to Ukraine. The chronological framework of the research is stipulated by the establishment of the National Commission for the Return of Cultural Property to Ukraine after Ukraine’s independence and a significant narrowing in the early 2000s of the state policies on the return of historical and cultural heritage. Conclusions. The results showed that during the existence of the National Commission for the Return of Cultural Property to Ukraine and the State Service for Monitoring the Movement of Cultural Property Across the State Border of Ukraine, the Department for the Control of the Movement of Cultural Property did a wide range of multi-vector work. The foundations were laid for future long-term intergovernmental cooperation in the field of search, record-keeping, return of historical and cultural property, library collection, archival documents, and collections.

"Kultura" and Its Forgotten University in Exile

Instytut Literacki Kultura (ILK) was the core of anti-communist resistance during the Cold War: it promoted independent political thought and understanding among central and eastern European countries while showing resilience against Communist regimes. Although ILK is mostly known for its monthly exile magazine Kultura, edited in Polish, its founder-editor Jerzy Giedroyc had anticipated another project in addition to a Literary Institute after the war. Foreseeing a long period of exile because of the Soviet occupation of Poland, he envisioned setting up a university for young Poles. His idea, which was delayed a few years because of the beginning of the Cold War, developed into a project with Józef Czapski to create a university for young refugees fleeing their communist countries from behind the Iron Curtain. After three years of preparation within ILK, the Free Europe University in Exile and its study center, Collège de l’Europe libre, were established in 1951 under the auspices of the American anti-communist organization National Committee for a Free Europe, yet Giedroyc and Czapski were excluded from its activities. The aim of this article is to trace the history of this essentially unknown initiative of the Polish exile group using archival holdings in Europe and the United States, and to highlight its importance within ILK.

Resepsi Moderasi Beragama Pada Masyarakat Pesantren (Studi Living Qur’an di Pondok Pesantren Attaqwa Bekasi)

This study aims to see how the pesantren community in Attaqwa Bekasi Islamic Boarding School perceives the values of religious moderation. Pesantren is considered as a small miniature of religious attitudes and perspectives in Indonesia so it is important and interesting to see how the response and response of the pesantren community to religious moderation; which is a concept related to the religious attitude of the Indonesian nation which was popularized massively by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. This research uses qualitative methods in the form of field research, data collection using interview and observation techniques and then analyzed using a descriptive analysis approach, the indicators used are four indicators of Religious Moderation carried by the Ministry of Religious Affairs, namely national commitment, tolerance, non-violence and respect for local culture. The results showed that the value of religious moderation has been understood by all elements of Islamic boarding schools, moderation is understood through wasathiyatul Islam which is considered in line with Islam. The Attaqwa Islamic Boarding School also recognizes Pancasila as the final foundation of the state and considers it not to conflict with the teachings of Islam. Attaqwa Islamic Boarding School has also implemented tolerant behavior and respects differences. Even so, students are still given the strengthening of creed and guidance on the correct application of tolerance in the Islamic view. The Attaqwa Islamic Boarding School upholds the rejection of violence, stressing that this attitude has been exemplified by its founder, KH. Noer Alie who fosters society regardless of religion, race, social status and background. Attaqwa Islamic Boarding School is known as one of the pesantren that accepts and even practices a lot of local culture in ubudiyah and muamalah. This acceptance of local culture makes Attaqwa Islamic Boarding School an accepted and even inherent in the community.

Domestic Violence in The Perspective of Civil and Islamic Criminal Law

The cases of domestic violence in Indonesia tend to increase from time to time. Based on data released by the National Commission on Violence Against Women in 2020, the number of domestic violence complaints received was recorded at 4,371, an increase from 4,322 cases in the previous year. From the perspective of Islamic criminal law, domestic violence is classified as jarīmah takzīr (criminal acts where the legal provisions are left to the discretion of the authorities) whereas in positive law domestic violence is regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence. This research discusses domestic violence in Bandung and examines the methods for resolving cases at the Religious Courts and the Bandung Police. The aim is to find the characteristics and methods of resolving cases in the two institutions. This research is classified as field research using comparative methods. Data was obtained from the document available at the Bandung Religious Court and the Bandung City Police Station. This research finds that more domestic violence cases in Bandung City were resolved through criminal channels (police) rather than civil channels (Religious Courts). This research concludes that although both Islamic Law and Positive Law view domestic violence as a criminal act, there are differences in the methods of resolving them in the Religious Courts and Bandung Police. This is because the competence of each institution is different. The Religious Court only handles the civil side, while the Bandung Police handles the criminal side.

New Perspectives for the Making of Space Law: UNIDROIT’s Cape Town Approach Compared with Traditional UNCOPUOS Law-Making

The United Nations Committee for the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN and UNCOPUOS) drafted the five outer space treaties in little more than a decade and created a completely new specialisation in international law. This, of course, happened when states and state agencies were the only participants in the use and exploration of outer space. Since then, new non-governmental actors have entered the space market, aspects of which were privatised and commercialised. Yet, despite the pressing need for international legislation, since 1979 UNCOPUOS has proved incapable of producing another treaty on space law. The author examines why the UNCOPUOS, established to make international law of outer space, stopped making outer space treaties and how the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (Institute International pour l’unification du Droit Privé or UNIDROIT), a non-UN entity established to unify private law, created its 2012 Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Space Assets (Space Protocol), what is allegedly the first outer space treaty in (then) thirty-two years. The UNCOPUOS system of public international law treaty-making is compared with the UNIDROIT private international law one, and the question of whether UNIDROIT has created a new method of treaty-making is addressed. The conclusions are that a functioning space law regime exists, hard law is preferable to non-binding soft law, UNCOPUOS cannot produce any further outer space treaties, the Space Protocol can only form part of space law if one accepts a fourth stage of development of space law as part of a redefining of space law sensu lato, UNIDROIT’s Cape Town Approach is more suitable to modern space law treaty-making, and treaty-drafting is a special art of the international lawyer.

Evaluation of the effect of the roots of Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae) juice on adults subjects with grade 1 hypertension under dietary regime

Introduction: Lifestyle modification like increasing fruits/vegetables consumption is one of the key approaches in treating arterial hypertension: a major risk factor for mortality worldwide. Beta vulgaris (beetroot) and other vegetables consume frequently could be a rich source of inorganic nitrates, which will be converted to nitric oxide.
 Objective: To evaluate the effect of the roots of Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae) juice on adults’ subjects with grade 1 hypertension under dietary regime.
 Methodology: Beetroot was obtained at the local market and decontaminated. Beetroot juice (BJ) was extracted and freeze till utilization. Recruitment was hospital-based, were included all adult subjects of both sexes, with grade 1 hypertensive according to the Joint National Committee 7, not subject to pharmacological treatment, non-gravid women. A single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed during 4 weeks. Volunteers were randomized to receive either 250 mL of BJ or water (placebo) during 02 weeks and blood pressure (BP) registered in triplicates at baseline, 3 h, at 24 h. BP was recorded daily at home during trial, a week before, and after receiving BJ using an automatic BP machine. Blood and urine nitrates were assessed at baseline and 3 h after drinking juice.
 Results: A total of 14 subjects participated in the trial including 9 women and 5 men. An overall non-significant decrease in BP of 4.5/0.41 mmHg (decrease of 5.62/2.25 mmHg at H3 [p-value = 0.2427/0.3385], and decrease of 1.4 mmHg in systolic blood pressure at the 24th hour [p-value = 0.4150]) in the intervention group compared to the control group respectively for systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the intervention was observed [p-value = 0.1255/0.1612]. No change in blood and urine nitrite was registered.
 Conclusion: Beetroot juice decrease non-significantly blood pressure.

Analysis of the quality indicators of electricity supply services on the example of the distribution system operator JSC "Kharkivoblenergo"

The resolution of the National Commission in 2021 for the operator of the distribution system JSC “Kharkivoblenergo”, which operates in the territory of the city of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv region, established a tariff for electricity distribution services with the application of incentive regulation, which provides for tariff formation on the basis of long-term regulation of tariffs and adjustment of the necessary income of the Company based on the performance of the task of achieving the target values of the quality indicators of electric energy and compliance with the guaranteed standards. In accordance with this Resolution, the indicators of the quality of services System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) for the supply of electric energy were analysed using the example of the operator of the distribution system JSC “Kharkivoblenergo”. The SAIDI quality indicator is characterized by the duration of long interruptions in electricity supply in the distribution system of JSC “Kharkivoblenergo”. The SAIFI quality indicator provides information on the frequency of long interruptions in electricity supply in the distribution system of JSC “Kharkivoblenergo”. The analysis of SAIDI and SAIFI indicators was performed for the short-term period of operation of the operator of the distribution system JSC “Kharkivoblenergo”, namely for December 2021. Based on the results of the analysis of SAIDI and SAIFI indicators, it follows that the achievement of the target values of quality indicators allows adjusting the necessary rate of income for the operator of the distribution system JSC “Kharkivoblenergo”, and also creates a favourable investment climate, which ensures modernization, reconstruction and construction for the renewal of the energy infrastructure with the aim of improving the quality of providing services for the supply of electric energy to consumers. Also, the analysis of the indicated indicators made it possible to evaluate the work of JSC “Kharkivoblenergo” in terms of the implementation of established quality indicators, to identify problem areas in the Company's activities regarding the provision of guaranteed quality standards, to form and practically implement an investment program, to determine how quality indicators are reflected in tariff formation in the incentive regulation.

How should China set ethical guardrails for medical research?

'Ethics first' reform in China significantly changes the governance framework for the research of emerging technologies. The misapplication of human genome editing technology reflects the urgent need to reform the governance framework. Strengthening ethics governance in medical research has become a consensus in China, where legal and ethical reforms are proceeding in parallel. The protection of human dignity, the prevention of biosafety risks, as well as the regulation of technological crimes are at the core of the legal system, which has been embodied in numerous fundamental legislations following the CRISPR-babies incident. Establishing a national ethics committee to coordinate ethics governance, and reinforcing ethics review and external oversight are significant steps in ethical reform. Essentially, ethics governance requires implementing the basic concept of 'ethics first', focusing on forward-looking and preventive governance rather than delayed intervention, while maintaining openness and collaboration.