Nation-building Research Articles

Ethnic Identity and National Unity in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities for Building National Consensus

<i>Background</i>: Ethiopia's rich ethnic diversity has long been a defining feature of its social landscape. The coexistence of numerous ethnic groups within the country offers both opportunities for cultural enrichment and challenges for the formation of a coherent national identity. Historical, political and social dynamics have shaped the complex interplay between ethnic identity and the quest for national unity, warranting a critical examination of the converging forces influencing the socio-political fabric of Ethiopia. <i>Objective</i>: This study aims to systematically analyze the challenges and opportunities related to ethnic identity and national unity in Ethiopia in order to identify ways to build a sustainable national consensus amidst ethnic diversity. By shedding light on the nuanced dynamics of ethnic identity formation, social cohesion and political agency, the study aims to identify strategies that promote inclusive nation building while respecting the diversity of Ethiopia's ethnic mosaic. <i>Main Findings</i>: The study examined the historical roots of ethnic identity formation in Ethiopia and shed light on the legacy of various cultural traditions, historical grievances and political developments that have shaped contemporary perceptions of ethnicity. It also critically assessed the impact of ethnic federalism, decentralized governance and ethno-nationalist aspirations on the overall quest for national unity and cohesive statehood. Furthermore, the study explored the challenges posed by inter-ethnic tensions, identity-based conflicts and socio-political fragmentation, while identifying the potential opportunities for promoting dialog, reconciliation and inclusive citizenship to strengthen national consensus. <i>Methodology</i>: Using a qualitative approach, the research draws on a comprehensive analysis of secondary sources, including academic papers, historical documents, policy papers and ethnographic accounts. By synthesizing insights from different disciplines such as anthropology, political science and social history, the study has created a holistic understanding of the multi-layered dimensions of ethnic identity and national unity in Ethiopia. <i>Conclusion:</i> The complex dynamics of ethnic identity and national unity in Ethiopia underscore the need for inclusive policies that respect the diverse cultural heritage while promoting a common national identity, recognizing historical grievances, addressing inter-ethnic tensions and fostering dialog. Balancing the diverse ethnic mosaic within a unifying national narrative is critical to moving towards sustainable nation building.

Implementation of Transformational Leadership in Improving Teacher

Education plays an important role in nation building, through quality education the next generation can be prepared to face future challenges. Teacher performance is a key factor in realizing quality education. Teachers act as conveyors of knowledge, mentors, motivators, and role models for students. Therefore, improving teacher performance is a top priority in education management. Leadership in the school environment plays an important role in improving teacher performance, especially through transformational leadership. Transformational leadership, introduced by James MacGregor Burns and developed by Bernard M. Bass, inspires and motivates subordinates to achieve more than they thought they could. This leadership style focuses on achieving organizational goals and individual development. The implementation of transformational leadership in schools can bring significant changes in the learning and teaching environment. Transformational leaders are able to generate morale, increase commitment and foster innovation among teachers by providing a clear vision, consistent support and continuous inspiration. This research aims to explore how transformational leadership can be implemented in an educational context and its effect on improving teacher performance. Through case studies and in-depth analysis, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of transformational leadership in education.

Analysis of the Application of Service Innovation to the Study of Public Service Quality in the "House of the Sky" in Sidenreng Rappang Regency

Service innovation is adopted not only as a measure to deal with changes in the organizational environment. More than that, the purpose of service innovation is to improve the quality of public services. Public service innovation continues to be carried out by the government in various sectors, one of which is in the education sector. The education sector is a sector that has an important role that can make a major contribution to national development. Quality education actually gives birth to superior resources in carrying out nation building. This study aims to find out how the application of the "Rumah Langit" service innovation affects the quality of public services felt by the people of Sindenreng Rappang Regency. This research will be conducted from May to November 2023. The research locations include four villages in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The research method to be used is to use quantitative methods with the research population, namely the people of Sidenreng Rappang Regency who are recipients of the "Rumah Langit" service innovation. This research sample was taken using simple random sampling technique. The tests used in this research are validity tests, reliability tests, descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The research results show that the indicators used for each variable are in the good category. Through the results of the significance test, it shows that service innovation has a significant effect, where the significant value is smaller than the alpha value, while the calculated t value is greater than the t table, so it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between service innovation on the quality of public services in the "Rumah Langit" service in Sidenreng Rappang Regency.

Painting the Nation in its Native Colours: John Leland’s Antiquarian Projects in the Context of Imperial and National Building of England, 1530–1540

In this article, the author concentrates on the intellectual projects of John Leland (1503–1552), the first antiquarian of early modern England. The origins of a certain tradition of English antiquarian historiography are connected with the name of this poet and polemicist. Today, researchers see heuristic potential in studying the political and socio-cultural foundations that led to the emergence of antiquarian discourse in the first half of the sixteenth century. The aim of the article is to define the role of John Leland’s intellectual thought within two interrelated and most relevant processes for his time, namely the imperial and nation-building of England during Henry VIII’s reign. In order to achieve his research goal, the author, firstly, identifies the peculiarities of the genesis of the imperial idea in the Middle Ages and its transformation during the reign of Henry VIII; secondly, analyses Leland’s creative projects aimed at legitimising the Tudor dynastic rights to “recreate” the ancient composite monarchy of the British Isles; thirdly, drawing on the Swiss historian Caspar Hirschi’s theory of pre-modern nationalism, identifies the characteristics of the proto-national discourse and the signs of the participation of the English antiquarian in it. The article is based on an analysis of John Leland’s “New Year’s Gift”, a letter in which the sender informs the monarch of his plans to produce a series of works on the history and geography of Britain. The study shows that the envisaged projects were aimed not only at creating an image of the Tudor empire fulfilling dynastic political ambitions, but also at consistently glorifying the “British” collective subject.

Seismic Performance Assessment of Conventional Construction and Ductile Concrete Moment Frames Using Performance-Based Unified Procedure

A Performance-Based Unified (PBU) procedure has recently been proposed by the National Research Council Canada (NRC) to systematically evaluate seismic design requirements available in the National Building Codes (NBC) of Canada. Conventional Construction reinforced Concrete Moment-resisting Frame (CC-CMF) and Ductile reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frame (D-CMF) systems were used in this paper to first assess the proposed PBU procedure and second determine the adequacy of the basis for seismic design requirements in NBC and see its performance margin against different structural performance levels. Results indicate that the detailed screening in the PBU procedure efficiently reduces the number of Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDA) by more than 60% for CC-CMF while providing remarkable accuracy. It was also found that the CC-CMF system designed for the Normal importance category can provide an adequate margin against Life Safety (LS) performance level objectives, while the D-CMF system designed for the same importance category passes the Collapse Prevention (CP) performance level criteria.

GENDER EQUALITY, WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND SUSTAINABLE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NIGERIAN LIBRARIES

Sustainable national development refers to present developments that are supposed to be devoid of negative consequences for future generations. Equal access to information, equal opportunities for men and women, women empowerment and girl child education are the catalysts for attaining sustainable national development. This paper examined the imperative of gender equality, women empowerment and the role of libraries in promoting gender equality and women empowerment for sustainable development in Nigeria. The paper noted that if all women get equal chance and freedom to make positive contributions to the development of their respective communities, there will be economic growth and informed citizens. The paper recommends that the Nigerian government should provide enabling environment for women to excel and contribute to nation building. Libraries should be properly funded by both government and well-meaning Nigerians to enable them deliver effective services that will foster growth and national development.

Race, Ethnicity and Nationality in Sociology

Abstract It aims to understand what makes people similar to others, different from some, and unique to themselves. However, there is room for research in personality to more thoughtfully consider culture, race, and ethnicity in order to better understand individual differences in people’s patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. High impact personality journals rarely include such factors into the interpretation of results, and cross-cultural and ethnic minority publications are limited within the discipline. non-exhaustive overview of how culture, race, and ethnicity are examined in relation to personality, showing that: (1) social structures continue to be neglected in the research, (2) we can learn from research being conducted in neighboring areas, and (3) valuable work is already being done within personality psychology. We offer recommendations that emphasize community based participatory research methods, combined etic-emic approaches, and contextualizing research findings to improve the consideration of culture, race, and ethnicity in personality research. It is argued that the connection between race and ethnic categories is more fundamental, and yet the connection between fighting racism and ethnic pluralism is more problematic than this position implies. Ethnicity and racism are different but connected discourses for articulating collectivity and belongingness, and serve diverse political projects which include those of class and nation building. Their understanding as concrete social relations however, requires attending to gender and class processes and the state., and national identities are salient uniting but also stratifying forces in people’s lives and across societies. and attitudes toward immigration and political trust among different racial and ethnic groups. how and why social inequalities are structured and sustained between different groups in education, work, health, and resource distribution, among other realms of life. as well as Reflecting on the idea of “Race” and the normative significance of race relations is an essential part of the enterprise of political philosophy. The principal goal is to think systematically about whether, and if so how, race should figure in our evaluation of institutional arrangements and power relations, in our treatment of each other within civil society, and in our self-conceptions and group affiliations. This article discusses the idea of race, racism, racial discrimination and social justice, responding to racial injustice, and racial identity and community. The Institute of Development Studies (IDS) has also made important contributions to this literature and its application to development studies. First, theoretical effort is required to unpack how ethnicity intersects with other forms of identity. Second, as demonstrated by IDS' contributions, further research is required on the impacts of ethnicity upon development and vice versa. the argument that philosophy is limited and cannot carry out a constructive task that goes beyond that of other disciplines of learning; and whether a metaphysics of race and ethnicity in particular is a descriptive or prescriptive enterprise. Finally, he considers an effective set of conditions for race, ethnicity, and nationality.

Practice of Electrical Insulation of Lightning Protection Systems in India – Before and After the Publication of the National Building Code of India 2016

Lightning protection system (LPS) as per IS/IEC 62305 is mandatory in India for buildings above 15 meters and for special buildings like educational institutions, and hospitals regardless of their height. External LPS (ELPS) can be of isolated or non-isolated type depending upon the nature of the structure. This paper reviews the installation of ELPS before and after the publication of the National Building Code of India 2016 (NBC). This is limited only to ELPS and Internal Lightning protection system (ILPS) is not considered. The installation has been studied as per IS/IEC 62305 on electrical isolation. The conclusion has been drawn based on the installation and the influence of NBC 2016.

STRATEGI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU DALAM MEMBANGUN KARAKTER DAN MORALITAS PADA SISWA MELALUI SUSATRA HINDU

The young generation as agents of change in nation building needs basic guidelines in overcoming the negative effects of globalization. Technological developments which are growing very rapidly are able to show very significant changes in all aspects of life. Therefore, teachings are needed as a guide to behavior in an effort to build morality and good character, namely moral teachings. According to the Hindu religious view, morality is a reciprocal and harmonious behavior between human beings and the universe (environment) which is based on compassion, sincerity and compassion. Through Character and Morality Education at school is education that strives for good ethics, mutual respect and respect for differences between students and teachers at school. This research describes how Hindu literature strategies in building students' character and morals through Hindu religious education. The young generation or what is known as generation Z as agents of change in nation building need basic guidelines in overcoming the negative influences of globalization. Technological developments are able to show very significant changes in everything. aspect of life. Therefore, teachings are needed as a guide to behavior in an effort to build morality and good character, namely moral teachings. According to the Hindu religious view, morality is a reciprocal and harmonious behavior between human beings and the universe (environment) which is based on compassion, sincerity and affection between God's creatures.

Mengukir Masa Depan Bangsa: Pendidikan Pancasila Sebagai Upaya Memperkuat Karakter Generasi Muda Indonesia

Pancasila Education as an Effort to Strengthen the Character of Indonesia's Young Generation Pancasila education is a compulsory subject at all levels of education in Indonesia. Today's younger generation has lost moral values and character. This study aims to determine the role of Pancasila education as an effort to strengthen the character of the younger generation. This research uses a qualitative approach through the literature review method. Data collection is carried out through secondary data sourced from scientific articles. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of data analysis show that the younger generation needs to be repositioned in behaving by leaving the hedonic culture and outside culture that is not in accordance with the values of Pancasila. In addition, they must also actively ground Pancasila in community life. The active role of the younger generation, including students, in maintaining and implementing the values of Pancasila is key in carving out the future of the nation. Students as the frontline in struggle, renewal, and nation building are expected to be able to take advantage of the opportunity to forge themselves and learn to become individuals who have the character of nationalism, creativity, and the spirit of service to the community, nation, and state

Land management criteria for green building certification systems in Turkey.

The issue of energy holds significant implications for nations heavily reliant on it, such as Turkey. In recent times, legislative measures, including the Energy Efficiency Law and the Energy Performance Regulation of Buildings, have been enacted in Turkey. Despite the implementation of the Energy Performance Certificate for buildings, the absence of a national green building certification system remains conspicuous. To address this gap, an examination of globally recognized certification systems and relevant components concerning land management, pertinent to Turkey's context, was undertaken. This involved a comprehensive literature review to establish the foundation for survey inquiries. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with subject matter experts in Turkey to glean valuable insights and perspectives. Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology, the responses from these experts were collated and analyzed to delineate the criteria and sub-criteria germane to land management. This study delves into the discourse surrounding the establishment of a green building certification system within Turkey, specifically within the domain of land management, a sector of paramount importance, particularly within the purview of survey engineering. Through a structured survey, the criteria pertinent to land management were identified and subjected to rigorous analysis. Furthermore, the sub-criteria within the land management category were delineated, and their respective weights were computed, thereby providing a comprehensive framework for the envisioned green building certification system in Turkey.

Flag Independence without Flags? Mozambican Decolonization on the Periphery of the New Nation

Abstract This article examines the history of Mozambican decolonization on the periphery of the new nation, in the province of Niassa. The article offers new insights into our understanding of Mozambique’s decolonization process “on the ground,” complicating Frelimo’s still dominant liberation narrative. As a central argument, the article challenges the romantic idea of the pioneering role of Niassa’s so-called “liberated zones” in Mozambique’s nation building process. It shows that it was not local (wartime) practices that informed national plans, but rather national directives that were imposed on local experiences. Drawing mainly on sources from the Arquivo Permanente do Gabinete do Governador in Lichinga, the article also hopes to highlight the potential of post-colonial archives in Africa, which continue to be neglected.

Effect of positioning of shear walls in a multi-storied building on response to earthquake

Seismic events are a matter of concern for structural engineers because of their devastating effects. These events are neither can be predicted. nor can be prevented. To mitigate its impacts on the structures several measures are taken. But none of them can be treated as 100% effective, there is a lot of scope for improvement. In this study, the dynamic behavior of structures under seismic loading was investigated, focusing on the combined influence of geometric shapes, different types of shear walls, and their position on lateral displacement and drift. Specifically, four different geometric shapes of plans of identical floor areas were taken for this study. Two types of shear walls, oupled shear walls, and core shear walls were placed in four different positions. The Static Equivalent Load method to assess the seismic response of structures is employed in this study, following the guidelines given in the Bangladesh National Building Code 2006 using ETABS software. Key findings of the study are the efficacy of shear walls in mitigating lateral displacement. The optimum results were achieved for central positions and core wall configurations. The study discloses the significance of different geometric shapes on seismic responses. This study provides a perception of effective seismic retrofitting strategies.

Implementation of National Building Code Guidelines for Green, Environment and Energy Audits

Implementation of National Building Code Guidelines for Green, Environment and Energy Audits

Workers united: a non-assimilatory approach to Indigenous leadership in higher education

Indigenous leaders in higher education are restive, disaffected, and dissatisfied with the slow gyrations of change. Using Interest Convergence Theory, this paper will unravel the constraints inherent in institutional reform that delimit the influence of Indigenous senior leaders in the sector. Positioned amidst the burgeoning impact of neoliberalism, an architecture of colonial governance models, and systemic resistance to change, Indigenous leaders are affecting reform. By providing examples of reform-driven agential actions shouldered by senior Indigenous leaders across Canada, Aotearoa, America and Australia, this paper, underpinned by relationality, details how Indigenous leaders are engaging with Indigenous Institutional work and Entrepreneurship, speaking back to interest-driven institutional policies and practices in the sector with a pronounced focus on nation building. Drawn from an international, comprehensive qualitative study, we investigate how Indigenous leaders in higher education are disrupting systemic racism to promote equity and justice within higher education amid macro-level resistance to change.

Towards High-Efficiency Buildings for Sustainable Energy Transition: Standardized Prefabricated Solutions for Roof Retrofitting

Enhancing energy efficiency in buildings plays a pivotal role in realizing the ambitious objective of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, as outlined in the European Green Deal. Roofs represent the technical element most affected by energy phenomena related to heat transfer: in winter, roofing can lose up to 35% of heat, and the summer heat flux can even be higher. This paper provides a catalogue of optimized and sustainable solutions, with a specific focus on standardization and prefabrication principles, for enhancing the energy efficiency of the most prevalent types of roofs that characterize the national residential building heritage. The methodological approach that guided the research presented in this article was based on the identification and study of the most common roofings in the diverse national residential building heritage, followed by their classification according to their construction era. In the context of essential energy retrofitting of deteriorated residential building stock, 21 optimized standardized solutions have been identified. The outcome of performance evaluations of the proposed solutions allowed the implementation of a matrix that can be a valuable support for designers in selecting the most efficient precalculated and prefabricated solutions for the national residential building heritage based on energy performance and sustainability criteria.

Exporting Constitutions – A Valuable Contribution to Nation Building or a Cementing of Conflict? A Case Study of the Export of Germany’s Basic Law (Grundgesetz)

This article analyses the impact of Germany's Basic Law on constitutions around the world to answer the question of whether the export of constitutions is a valuable contribution to nation building or a cementing of conflict. Particularly, the impact of the understanding of human dignity, the essence guarantee of basic rights (Wesensgehaltgarantie) and the organisation and functioning of the German State and its institutions will be highlighted. Malawi and South Africa will be used as examples of the impact of the German Basic Law. Comparing the constitutional setup with the practice in the country, the analysis shows that a comprehensive constitution itself does not guarantee compliance. A constitution that learns from other countries’ constitutions and their interpretation of constitutionalism is a solid but not sufficient groundwork for a locally determined nation building of a free society.

The Flag as a Symbol and Vision of Peace, Democracy, and Nation-Building

The design of the flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) illustrates both the objectives and limitations of intentional design’s role in national healing and state building following violent conflict. The architecture and design of public buildings, spaces, and symbols can facilitate sociability or reinforce segregation and hostility. This analysis contends that design, especially of public symbols intended to evoke emotions and unity, can facilitate healing. Yet in this case, the flag's design ignores the conflict, assumes a utopia, thus failing to move society to reconciliation.

Involvement of the Anglican Church in Nation Building and Political Development in Nigeria

The Anglican Church has played a crucial role in promoting education and awareness about different faith traditions. It has organized seminars, workshops, and educational programs that aim to enhance understanding and respect among Christians and people of other religions. By fostering religious literacy and encouraging dialogue, the church has contributed to reducing religious stereotypes and promoting harmonious coexistence

Involvement of the Anglican Church in Nation Building and Political Development in Nigeria

The Anglican Church in Nigeria has a rich history spanning over 180 years. Here is a brief overview of its journey during this time: In 1842, the first Anglican missionaries arrived in Badagry, Nigeria, which was then a British colony. The study depended on secondary sources of data information and its findings influenced the study conclusion and study recommendation.