National Affiliation Research Articles

Analysis of consumer behavior of tourism products

The research of the tourism phenomenon reveals that its main characteristic is the orientation towards consumption. One of the purposes of such research is to identify the characteristics of the consumer’s behavior, which is particularly important for determining the type and frequency of accessing tourist products and services by consumers, the formation of the tourist offer, the evaluation of the level of utility of the consumption of tourist products and services. The purpose of the present study was to identify the characteristics of consumer behavior in the tourist services market according to several factors. As the main research method, the online survey method was used in which 100 respondents participated. The questionnaire included questions aimed at identifying the following aspects: age category, social status, household size, income, frequency of accessing tourist services, type of tourist products accessed, national affiliation of the tourist products accessed and the level of utility recorded.

Becoming Austrian, Becoming European? Supranationalism in the Habsburg South in an Age of Emerging Nationalisms: The Comparative Relevance of Trieste

Between 1848 and 1867, at a time that is often considered to be central to Italian, German, and Slavic nation building, the Habsburg port city of Trieste witnessed a significant immigration from throughout Europe and the eastern Mediterranean. While the historiography of the city has focused on the Triestine entrepreneurial class, understandably described as cosmopolitan, little research has been conducted on the rest of the urban population, too often seen as polarized along distinct national affiliations. This article argues that such national allegiances are anachronistic and that ‘vulgar cosmopolitanism’, national indifference, dynastic patriotism, and urban and regional allegiances better define the lived experiences of the majority of the population. Archival material, the applications for Austrian naturalization that thousands of foreigners submitted in the period studied here, shows the intense inter-ethnic engagement of those people who did not belong to the cosmopolitan trading community, who often proved to be insensitive to nationalist agitation and unaware of the existence of ‘nations’. This study of Habsburg Trieste at the time of nation building in Central and Southern Europe provides further elements that refute standard national narratives and classic interpretations of the development of nationalism. It also offers comparative evidence for global cities that have been integrated into mono-national states or have managed to avoid such integrational efforts.

Assessing extraterritorial fishing operations in Türkiye's Contiguous Zone: A decade of observations and implications for fisheries management in the Eastern

The protracted maritime jurisdictional disputes in Türkiye's EEZ in the Eastern Mediterranean have perpetuated economic disparities and engendered lacunae in fisheries management that could undermine marine biodiversity and regional collaboration efforts. This study interrogates the extent and frequency of extraterritorial fishing operations within the contiguous zone of Türkiye's territorial waters, with a particular emphasis on the years 2013 through 2023. Utilizing data acquired from Global Fishing Watch, the analysis delineates the monthly average fishing hours engaged by different gear types-namely small scale, trawl, undefined, and purse seine-across various neighboring countries, including Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Libya, and Morocco. Findings reveal a persistent increase in fishing activities within these contentious waters over the observed period, reflecting a rise in the deployment of ship-tracking systems, which have potentially inflated reported fishing hours. This surge underscores the urgent need for comprehensive fisheries management strategies that harmonize economic pursuits with the preservation of delicate marine ecosystems. The study's methodology involved analyzing vessel movements via Marine Traffic and Global Fishing Watch data, assessing parameters such as fishing areas, periods, methods, and national affiliations. The results, illustrated in Tables and Figures without direct citation due to the aggregative nature of the data, show varied patterns of fishing activities. The significant increase in Türkiye's trawl fishing hours in 2022, peaking at 857.29 hours, underscores the intensification of certain fishing practices in the region. The need for resolving international disputes is pivotal for establishing effective fisheries management in the Eastern Mediterranean. The findings advocate for enhanced diplomatic endeavors and cooperative governance among littoral nations, supported by international entities to ensure sustainable exploitation of marine resources and to bridge management gaps illuminated by this decade-long empirical inquiry.

The Liminal, The Licentious, and the Illicit

Despite the political, economic, social, and cultural importance of piracy, images of Atlantic piracy and privateering are rarely represented in seventeenth century Dutch visual culture. The illustrations created by Herman Padtbrugge for A.O. Exquemelin’s De Americaensche Zee-Roovers are a rare exception. The bestselling book, with its first-hand account of life as a buccaneer, was widely distributed throughout Europe and formed the basis of both our historical understanding of Caribbean piracy and its place in our poetic imagination. The transient distinction between piracy and privateering is linked to the cultural perception of the high seas as a freer, more open space, despite its increasing regulation and militarization. This article explores how the pictorial conventions used in the portrayal of pirates reflect their role as liminal figures – constantly shifting between licit and illicit, Old and New Worlds, and national affiliations – in the multicultural, rapidly evolving, and violent colonial context. Padtbrugge’s portraits borrow the visual language of the cult of naval heroes, only altering a few iconographical markers to indicate on which side of the law the subject and his actions fell upon. The minor nature of these differences reflects how heroic privateering in the service of national interests and criminal piracy in service of the individual were two sides of the same coin, shedding light on the legal paradox of the state-sanctioned right to pillage.

Business continuity management: trends, structures and future issues

PurposeThis study assesses the current landscape of business continuity management (BCM) research while exploring research trends, structures and delineating potential future directions.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted on 360 articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases using Biblioshiny software. A meta-synthesis was employed to aggregate and synthesize findings from the bibliometric results.FindingsThe results demonstrate a notable increase in publication numbers since the onset of the pandemic, reaching a peak in 2022 with a total of 342 articles. A collaborative bond among scholars transcends geographical boundaries and national affiliations. The analytical results propose avenues for future research, addressing crucial areas such as the integration of business continuity management systems (BCMS), the development of BCM frameworks and a comparative analysis of business impact analysis (BIA) frameworks through pertinent theories.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes theoretical and practical implications, serving as a valuable resource for academics and practitioners seeking to deepen their understanding of BCM’s role in business recovery and preserving organizational continuity in the face of disruptions.Originality/valueThis study pioneers a comprehensive approach by integrating bibliometric analysis and qualitative meta-synthesis, providing a consolidated overview of BCM research. Additionally, it presents future research proposals in this area.

Ernest Wilimowski – Polish and German National Team Player with an Unspecified Nationality

Athlete migration is not only an effect of contemporary globalization. Football migration is nothing new and has a long and complex history. Ernest Wilimowski, who was the only football player to represent both Poland and Germany, is a part of that history. Wilimowski was born in 1916 in Katowice, which was then part of the German Reich. In 1922, Katowice and a part of Upper Silesia were annexed to Poland. Wilimowski won the Polish football league four times. In the Polish national team, he scored 21 goals in 22 matches. In 1936, for infringing the amateur rules, he was dropped from the Olympic team and did not take part in the Berlin games. In 1938, he took part in the World Cup in France. Following Germany’s attack on Poland in 1939, he started playing for German clubs, and in 1941 made his debut in the Third Reich’s national team, in which he played eight times and scored 13 goals. Wilimowski was a modern athlete unconfined by national ties. Despite a complex political situation in Europe, he strived to achieve his sports objectives and his decisions were based on pragmatic motives.

Familiar Ghosts: Imagining Lives, Re-imagining the Nation, Inventing the Future

This article focuses on novels that, located on the boundary between biography, autobiography and fiction, between detailed archival historical research and imagination, between the documentary and the speculative, seek to reconstruct the life of an ancestor of the writer-narrator to reflect on the traumas, exploitation, hopes, and desires of generations who, in their diasporas, also helped create their modern nations, or whose story challenges the exclusions on which the concept of the nation has been built. The texts discussed are Melania Mazzucco’s Vita, Vona Groarke’s Hereafter: The Telling Life of Ellen O’Hara, Wu Ming 2 and Antar Mohamed’s Timira: Romanzo Meticcio, and Maryse Condé’s Victoire, les saveurs et les mots. At their center is the negotiation between the individual truth and the relational story across generations on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the tracing of collective histories such as those of nation, of colonization, of diaspora, of internal and external displacement, of rights and emancipation (the downtrodden, the poor, women, the migrant, the refugees), of the origins of dispossession and the permanence of its effects. At the core of the narratives is also the ghostliness of the erased (from history, from memory, from citizenship), the departed (in the sense of being dead and of having traveled away), and the in-between (generic: between the historical and documentary on the one hand, and the novelistic, the fable, fantasy on the other; geographical: between countries, between places, nationalities, national affiliations; historical: across generations; racial: the mestizo, the mulatto). It is, specifically, the biofictional imagination that enables these diasporic, transnational, transracial accounts to open up the possibility of a different, liberating future, by offering the space to imagine such a future, but also by recognizing, through its explicit acknowledgement of its recourse to fictionality, that it does not aim to construct a new myth to replace historical fact, but that it invites all of us to imagine, and strive to bring into existence, a different reality.

Examining global and gender disparities in high-impact evidence synthesis on lung cancer: A 2000-2024 analysis of Cochrane Library.

e23021 Background: Most cancer-related deaths occur in low-middle-income countries (LMICs), yet LMICs are underrepresented in global oncology research. Women have also historically been underrepresented in clinical literature. High-impact evidence synthesis influences guidelines and practice worldwide, so equitable authorship can ensure that issues presented are applicable globally. The Cochrane Library is a repository of high-impact systematic reviews that can be authored from all over the world. So, we aimed to analyze the representation of LMICs and women in the authorship of lung-cancer-related Cochrane Reviews. Methods: From the topic 'Lung and Airways' in the Cochrane Library, we included all studies related to lung cancer, published till February 2, 2024. We extracted the authors’ national affiliations, categorizing them into LMICs and non-LMICs based on the 2023 World Bank income classifications. Collaboratives/ groups were considered as a single entity. Following this, we manually captured at least one webpage for each author showing their gender or gender pronouns. For authors whose gender could not be determined via manual search, we used Gender-API, an artificial intelligence-based software, to determine their gender based on their name and country. Authors with < 90% certainty of gender on Gender-API were categorized as unknown. Results: We included 42 reviews that had 233 authors, including three group authors. United Kingdom (22.32%; n = 52/233), followed by Australia (16.31%; n = 38/233), Spain (13.3%; n = 31/233), China (9.01%; n = 21/233) and France (6.87%; n = 16/233) were the most represented countries. There were no authors from LMICs. Manually, we ascertained gender for 85.04% (n = 194/228) of authors, and overall, for 94.74% (n = 216/228). Women constituted 42.6% (n = 92/216) of all authors. They were, however, better represented as first authors (50%; n = 19/38) and corresponding authors (54.05%; n = 20/37). Conclusions: Despite suffering the brunt of cancer, LMICs had no representation in lung-cancer-related Cochrane reviews. While authorship had a male preponderance overall, women were well represented as first and corresponding authors. Addressing authorship disparities in global oncology literature, via mentorship and capacity building, can improve its applicability and utilization.

The use of social media and its relationship to national identity among university students

This study investigates the relationship between social media engagement and the formation of national identity among university students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), with a specific focus on the student population. Through an exploration of the extent of social media use, underlying motivations, and their impact on various dimensions of national identity, this research provides valuable insights into the perceptions and sense of belonging of young individuals in the digital era. We conducted a descriptive and analytical survey, administering a questionnaire to a sample of 386 KSA university students to ensure the generalizability of the findings within the student population. The study reveals a noteworthy level of social media engagement among KSA university students, driven by diverse motives encompassing cognitive, social, recreational, and educational aspects. Furthermore, it highlights the positive influence of social media on the students' national identity, with statistically significant correlations observed across cultural, emotional, social, and affiliative dimensions. The findings indicate that KSA university students exhibit a sense of pride in Saudi history and traditions, demonstrate respect for national symbols, and possess a stronger sense of national affiliation, potentially influenced by their online engagement. Based on these findings, the study recommends the strategic utilization of social media platforms to enhance support among KSA university students and Saudi youth in general, particularly for matters pertaining to national issues. By actively promoting national values, preserving cultural heritage, and cultivating a sense of belonging through social media, institutions can effectively strengthen the national identity of the younger generation.

Sports Culture and Its Relationship to The National Affiliation of Students College of Education at The University of Zakho

Sports culture significantly influences identity formation, particularly among the youth. This significance is underexplored within the context of Iraqi Kurdistan, prompting this study to explore the connection between involvement in sports culture and national affiliation among university students. The study's objectives were to evaluate the levels of sports culture engagement and feelings of national belonging among the students and to investigate the correlation between these two factors. The research involved a sample of 286 students from the Physical Education and Psychology departments at Zakho University. The methodology included collecting data using a sports culture scale and a national affiliation scale, followed by statistical analysis through T-tests to assess levels and Spearman correlation to examine the relationship between sports culture and national affiliation. The results revealed high mean scores in both sports culture and national belonging scales across both departments, with Physical Education students exhibiting slightly higher averages. Importantly, the study found a moderately strong positive correlation between sports culture involvement and levels of national affiliation. The conclusions drawn from the study suggest that participation in and knowledge of sports culture are linked to increased feelings of national pride and connection among Kurdish university students. This underscores the potential of utilizing sports education and programming as tools to strengthen communal identities. The study recommends further research across different Iraqi populations to explore this relationship further.

Resolution of the Main Values of Wasathiyah Islam as an Effort to Counter the Movement of Religious Radicalism

This article specifically examines the resolution of the core values of wasathiyah Islam as an effort to counter the movement of religious radicalism, both directly in the community and in the digital space. Wasathiyah Islam as a form of rahmatan lil 'alamin is an understanding that needs to be disseminated in order to achieve harmony, security, and peace in religion. This article uses a qualitative method of descriptive analysis with library research steps sourced from books, journals, and other supporting data. The article argues that the nature of the value of wasathiyah Islam that consists of: Rahamutiyah (the flow and outpouring of affection without limitation, without discrimination and without pause), Insaniyah (humanity), 'Adliyyah (fairness), Mubadalah (equality), Maslahah (benefit), Mu'ahadah Wathaniyah (maintaining national ties), Dusturiyah (obeying the rules that have been agreed upon, for example the laws that apply in a country), Tasamuh (tolerance), and 'Urfiyah (not rejecting customs/traditions, and can even make them a component of the source of law) needs to be encouraged in various spaces of life, including on the internet. That way, the future of Indonesian Muslims will be protected from exposure to religious radicalism.

Respected individuals: when state representatives wield outsize influence in international organizations

Abstract States are keen to send representatives to international organizations, instructing them to pursue national interests and monitor staff. Yet academics tend to ignore these individuals and approximate state influence by vote shares and other state-level attributes. Against this background, I examine when state representatives in international organizations wield outsize influence on decision-making. Based on scholarship of bureaucrats in international organizations, European studies and an interdisciplinary literature on negotiation, I argue that state delegates matter beyond their national affiliation. Empirically, I study one especially powerful institution in global governance: the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Elite interviews with IMF state representatives demonstrate that delegates carefully plan their interventions, behaving independently while also extending their constituents' interests. Based on the analysis of these interviews, I theorize ‘respected individuals’ to describe state representatives who can wield outsize influence on decision-making. Their prestige and impact depend on: first, perceived autonomy from their home governments; and second, relevant expertise, social skills and deliberative craft. In the IMF, respected individuals are most likely to represent relatively weak states; more generally, my work speaks to debates on the power of small states in international financial institutions and multilateral negotiations. Together, the findings explicate how individuals impact organizational decision-making, with important implications for practitioners in such institutions.

Spomen-crkva u Gornjem Adrovcu kao simbol srpsko-ruskih kulturnih, političkih, nacionalnih i umetničkih veza na kraju XIX i početkom XX vek

During the Serbo-Turkish wars (1876-1878), a Russian volunteer, Colonel Nikolaj Nikolajevich Raevsky, died in a battle at Golo Brdo, the place near the village Gornji Adrovac. One of the monuments built in his honour is a memorial church erected in the place where he was shot. This paper discusses the erection of the memorial church in light of the political circumstances and the national ties between Russia and Serbia during the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The Church in Gornji Adrovac itself stands as a representation of good political, national, and religious ties between Serbia and Russia, as well as an example of artistic transfer and aesthetical ideal in the religious art of the time.

Prikaz drugih i drukčijih u akadskoj književnoj tradiciji, iz perspektive Emmanuela Levinasa / Portrait of the different and the others in Akkadian literary tradition, from the perspective of Emmanuel Levinas

In the paper Portrait of the different and the others in Akkadian literary tradition, from the perspective of Emmanuel Levinas, the author will, with the help of literary and historical sources from the Akkadian literary tradition, investigate the existence of the different and the others in Akkadian scripture and in their society. The concept of otherness, within Akkadian society, will be linked to the characters of literary works, their sexual orientation, gender, race, disability, ethnic and national affiliation. Furthermore, due to the fact that this topic is socially determined, it is necessary to present the social groups that are identified as the different and the other, not just in the literary, but also in the social and civilizational sense, that is, in the form of their position in Akkadian society. Based on this, with the help of Levinas’s interpretation of the other and otherness, it will be concluded that the ancient Akkadians were a type of society that successfully integrated the different and the others into their society, and in this way those people were enabled to live a normal and dignified life like other members of their community.

ضمانات حماية حقوق الأقليات في القانون الدولي العام

Individuals belonging to minorities, regardless of their religious, ethnic, racial or national affiliations, are among the groups most vulnerable to discrimination and persecution. in spite of this difference is not considered a source of weakness of national unity among the individuals of the state. However, we are witnessing at the present time, despite the development in rights and freedoms, many forms of assault and persecution of the rights of this community. This called for the need to adopt international rules that protect the rights of minorities in particular, in addition to those that guarantee human rights and public freedoms. Perhaps the legislation of legal rules, whether international or national, would be a futile act unless it is accompanied by real guarantees that guarantee the application of these rules. Through this study, we will show the concept of minorities, the nature of international rules pertaining to their rights, and the extent of the effectiveness of international mechanisms in achieving the purpose for which these rules were established.

Gender diversity at academic conferences—the case of the International Communication Association

Abstract Gender diversity and the lack of women in leadership in academia have been issues of academic interest for decades. However, little is known about gender diversity at academic conferences as an essential aspect of academia. We investigated 86,719 contributions to International Communication Association (ICA) conferences over the past 18 years with regard to female and male authorship and how it changed following the introduction of childcare, during the global pandemic, and under female division leadership. Lastly, we analyzed divisions/interest groups, authors’ gender, and national affiliation. We found that the proportion of female authors is high in all conference years and is representative of ICA membership. We found differences in how women and men are represented across divisions, countries of author affiliation, based on the availability of childcare, and during the global pandemic. We discuss implications at societal, organizational, and individual levels.

Religious migrant women as builders of the new ummah in the Netherlands: A belonging path for Muslims?

This article examines the relationship between Islam and migrant Turkish and Syrian women living in the Netherlands and their patterns of belonging, while also questioning the dynamics of identity. It reveals that religious Muslim migrants tend to exhibit their Islamic identity as a salient identity with self-representation of being Muslims. This is seen through the new ummah concept and their demands for a Sharia Council. This new definition of the ummah is discussed in terms of the sense of belonging it brings, asserting that religion cannot always function as a means of resistance, in that the religiosity of Muslims in the Netherlands is not an attempt to exclude themselves from the system, but rather a means by which they can be part of it. The article reveals that the new definition of the ummah is highly driven by migrant religious women in the Netherlands, who resist both the traditionalist and institutional understanding of Islam, while also rejecting their national ties. They aspire to create an Islamic space ( dar’al Islam) for themselves within the ummah and seek to achieve this legally through a Sharia Council.

Rol' professorsko-prepodavatel'skogo sostava v formirovanii chuvstva nacional'noj prinadlezhnosti studentov universiteta: istoriko-sociologicheskij analiz

This study aimed to determine the role of faculty members in promoting the national affiliation among university students and developing community participation through university activities. The study utilized a comprehensive social survey approach and a sample of280faculty members from the colleges of Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh.

“We’re all some sort of shaath”: Convergence and transversality of minorities in Saleem Haddad’s Guapa

ABSTRACTSaleem Haddad’s debut novel, Guapa, has been celebrated for its depiction of queerness in the Middle East. The novel goes beyond exploring alternative sexualities in a reaction to the overtly predominant heterosexuality of the region. This article traces how Haddad draws on the upheavals that erupted during the Arab Spring. Drawing on Rosi Braidotti’s concept of transversality that is intended to offset the rise of tribalism and heightened nationalist sentiments, the article applies the concept to the main character, Rasa, who strives to negotiate between his queerness and political zeal to build a more egalitarian society that functions beyond notions of Arabism and anti-western attitudes. The argument shows how the novel moves beyond an imagined sense of national affiliation to embrace a much wider spectrum of minoritized identities that are not coerced into a homogeneous form nor influenced by the pull of history, religion, and gender normativity.

REAKTUALISASI NILAI-NILAI PERSAUDARAAN PIAGAM MADINAH DALAM KEBUDAYAAN PELA GANDONG DI MALUKU

This study examines how the interpretation of ukhuwah verses in the Qur'an in fostering unity and brotherhood that has relevance to the culture of Pela Gandong in Maluku as a reactualization of the values of brotherhood in the Medina charter. This research is qualitative research using library research methods and then analyzed descriptively with an anthropological approach. The results of this study show that Pela and Gandong culture is a representative of ukhuwah Islamiyah in essence, namely brotherhood based on Islamic values. Pela reflects brotherhood of humanity (ukhuwah insaniyah) and Gandong reflects brotherhood established by family and national ties (ukhuwah wathaniyah wa an-nasab). The values of brotherhood in pela gandong culture are mutual help, providing a sense of security between others, understanding each other's characteristics