National Academy Of Sciences Of Ukraine Research Articles

UKRAINIAN PHD STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD AI LANGUAGE PROCESSING TOOLS IN THE CONTEXT OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

Mastering academic writing skills in English is essential for future researchers. At present, AI language processing tools provide high-quality, accessible, and fast assistance for translation, editing, and stylistic enhancement of scientific texts. However, their use within English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses generates mixed reactions among educators and raises ethical concerns. Our study aimed to explore the predominant perceptions of AI language processing tools by PhD students of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU) from the viewpoint of their integration into the academic English course taught in the first year of their PhD studies. The study involved 52 PhD students from various NASU institutes. They completed a survey with both closed-ended and open-ended questions regarding their previous and expected use of online translators, writing enhancement tools, and ChatGPT for research writing purposes. The results of the survey show that NASU PhD students have extensive experience with online translators, but are less familiar with writing enhancement tools and less certain about their potential use in the future. Almost a third of the respondents expressed reservations about using ChatGPT for academic writing due to academic integrity concerns. Most of the respondents (66%) agree that the basics of ethical use of AI writing and editing tools should be incorporated into EAP courses. One subgroup of the participants (n = 11) took part in a small-scale additional intervention focused on writing enhancement tools. They were asked to apply Grammarly, QuillBot, and ChatGPT to edit their course projects (presentations of the current state of their dissertation research) and compare these tools according to various criteria. The feedback provided by this subgroup indicates that they were most satisfied with the quality of editing provided by ChatGPT but found Grammarly and QuillBot easier to use and more suitable for superficial grammar checks. We found out that the AI tools helped participants achieve improvements primarily in such aspects as the use of articles, punctuation, use of prepositions, and elimination of redundancy. The study has significant pedagogical implications, promoting the wider use of AI tools in the context of teaching English for Academic Purposes and addressing appropriate teaching techniques and methods.

Computer simulations of soft matter. On 60-th anniversary of Jaroslav Ilnytskyi

This special issue Condensed Matter Physics, entitled "Computer Simulations of Soft Matter" is dedicated to Jaroslav Ilnytskyi on the occasion of his 60-th birthday. Prof. J. Ilnytskyi is one of scientific leaders of the Institute for Condensed Matter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), who iswell known for his contributions to the theory and computer simulation studies of polymer fluids, liquid crystals, macromolecular and colloid solutions. Versatility of Jaroslav works is due to his excellent background commonly resulting in original ideas, his feeling and ability to choose and apply appropriate methods for the solution of various problems. Finally, Jaroslav works are distinguished by the profound analyses of either theoretical or simulation results with respect to experimental observations frequently complemented by the discussion of possible applications.

War-driven wave of Ukrainian emigration to Europe: an attempt to evaluate the scale and consequences (the view of Ukrainian researchers)

The article aims to evaluate the scale and consequences of the emigration of Ukrainians triggered by the military aggression of the Russian Federation. The paper also attempts to determine the composition of the refugees. The first weeks of the military aggression saw the most active departure of the population from Ukraine, after that the number of those seeking refuge decreased. According to the estimation of the Ptukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine based on the data from the State Border Guard Service, the number of ‘refugees from the war in Ukraine’ reached 3 million as of the end of June 2022. The emigrants are mainly residents of Kyiv and Kharkiv, which results in a much higher specific weight of people with higher education than the national average. This fact combined with an orientation towards employment rather than social assistance (a mentality that is relatively close to Europeans), suggests a high probability (especially compared to the same emigrants from other countries, including Syria and Afghanistan) for most Ukrainian women to successfully adapt to life across the border. This is especially true for those who came to Poland, due to the minimal linguistic and cultural differences between the countries. The potential amount of irreversible migration losses, depending on the military and economic factors, ranges from 600–700 thousand to 5–5.5 million people. Considering the fact that approximately 3 million Ukrainians had already been staying (working) abroad before 2022, the war is likely to result in a demographic catastrophe for Ukraine, whose demographic potential has been utterly exhausted.

Professor Igor Leonardovich Pioro on His 65th Birthday

Abstract Professor Igor Pioro is one of the well-known names in the field of nuclear engineering and heat transfer. Born on 22.09.1956 in Kiev, Ukraine, he received his M.A.Sc. in Thermal Physics in 1979 from the Kiev Polytechnic Institute (nowadays, National Technical University of Ukraine (NTUU) "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"), Department of NPP and Engineering Thermal Physics. In the same year, he started to work as an engineer in the Institute of Engineering Thermal Physics (IEThPh), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAScU). During his more than 42 years of the professional career, Professor Pioro has published in total more than 500 publications including 12 technical books, 36 chapters in encyclopaedias, handbooks, and books, ~100 papers in refereed journals, ~300 papers in refereed proceedings of international and national conferences and symposiums, 26 patents and inventions, and ~50 major technical reports. Also, Professor Igor Pioro is a well-known promoter of the nuclear power around the world. He gave lectures / seminars / presentations in many world universities, institutes, research organizations, agencies, companies, etc. For his achievements within the area of nuclear engineering, he has received many awards and certificates of appreciation including Harold A. Smith Outstanding Contribution Award from CNS (2017); Honorary Doctor of the NTUU, etc. On the occasion of his 65th birthday, on behalf of the Journal Board, his colleagues, friends, and students all over the world, we wish Professor Igor Pioro a continuous active life in happiness and good health, and further scientific achievements!

Peer review declaration

All conference organisers/editors are required to declare details about their peer review. Therefore, please provide the following information:• Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other Single-blind peer review• Describe criteria used by Reviewers when accepting/declining papers. Was there the opportunity to resubmit articles after revisions? The reviewers provide their constructive & detailed comments and suggestions on the manuscripts via the conference peer review system. The Authors were asked to revise their original manuscripts in alignment with the reviewers’ comments and suggestions for publication. An opportunity will be given to the authors to resubmit their manuscripts after revisions.• Conference submission management system: http://www.academicconf.com/Identity/Account/Login?confName=cmse2021• Number of submissions received: 185 (include abstracts and full papers)• Number of submissions sent for review: 85 (full papers)• Number of submissions accepted: 34 (full papers)• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 40.0%• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: About 160• Any additional info on review process (ie plagiarism check system): The conference uses iThenticate to check plagiarism. All papers were checked once submitted and were checked again before they are sent to the Publisher for publication.• Contact person for queries: Guest editor:Dr. Alexander Khotsianovskyalexyanovsky9@gmail.comManaging Editor of Strength of MaterialsPisarenko Institute of Problems of Strength of the National Academy of Sciences ofUkraine, Ukraine

Скорочення викидів парникових газів шляхом упровадження низьковуглецевих технологій використання земель, порушених гірничими роботами

The climate change is a global environmental problem. Its solution requires thereduction of greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2, as soon as possible. The developmentand implementation of low-carbon technologies can help in achievement this goal. Disturbedlands, which are a source of environmental pollution, can be used to reduce CO2 emissions. Wepropose to introduce technologies for locating solar and wind power plants on disturbed lands,primarily on mining dumps of overburden. The capacity of such solar and wind power plants canreplace thermal power plants, which generate the main volumes of CO2 emissions. Placing onthe mining dumps of overburden of solar power plants has advantages due to the use of southernexposures of the slopes. The wind power plants on the top of mining dumps of overburden takemore opportunities to use of wind speed by attracting additional height. Mining dumps haveemitted carbon dioxide due to the decomposition of limestone and the spontaneous combustion ofcarbon-containing rocks. Counteraction of CO2 emissions by coating the surface with inert materialsthat block the access of moisture and acid solutions to hazardous rocks is proposed. The useof new technologies for the rehabilitation of disturbed lands through the formation of secondaryecosystems creates opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This have avoids additionalCO2 emissions during the operation of machines and mechanisms at the mining–technicaland biological stages of reclamation. Secondary soils able to accumulate carbon in the form oforganic matter up to 11 t / ha for 30–50 years. The study of technogenic soils formation on loess-like loams in the landscape reserves “Vizyrka” (Inguletsky GOK), “Hrushivka” (MarganetskyGOK), “Vershina” (Prosyansky GOK) are have evidenced of this facts. Plant components of ecosystemshave even more opportunities. Secondary vegetation absorbs CO2 from the atmosphereduring photosynthesis, creates the coating of surface of lands disturbed by mining operations.Clover plant group show the greatest ability to accumulate carbon (up to 57 t/ha per year). Theresearch was carried out at the research area of Inguletsky GOK. Our assessment testifies that theintegrated application of the above technologies will reduce emissions in Kryvbas by 95 milliontons of CO2 per year. The work was carried out under the target program of the National Academyof Sciences of Ukraine “Scientific and technical and economic and ecological foundations oflow-carbon development of Ukraine”.

The Current State of Ukrainian Studies in Russia and the Prospects of Cooperation with Ukrainian Historians

This article attempts to analyze the evolution, current status, and possible prospects for the development of cooperation between Russian and Ukrainian scholars–historians in the context of today’s political realities. The material presented is based on communications made by the authors and their subsequent discussion at the Bureau of the Department of Historical and Philological Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, on June 19, 2019. This discussion was connected with the joint events held by historians from the Russian Federation and Ukraine, which took place in 2018 and 2019 in Austria and were attended by the authors of the article. The social significance and relevance of the modern Russian–Ukrainian dialogue between historians and the mutual interest in it shared by scientists of the two countries are substantiated. The Russian–Ukrainian project on the publication of the Chronicle of Samiilo Velichko about events in Southwestern Russia in the 17th century is analyzed, which is undertaken by the Center for Study of the History of Ukraine at St. Petersburg State University and the Institute for the History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU). The current state of Ukrainian studies in Russia is surveyed.

Objectivity of Scientific Research as an Ethical and Political Position (Book Review: P.P. Tolochko. Ukraine between Russia and the West: Historical and Nonfiction Essays. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018)

Book Review: P.P. Tolochko. Ukraine between Russia and the West: Historical and Nonfiction Essays. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018. - 592 pp. ISBN 978-5-7621-0973-4This author discusses the problem of scientific objectivity and reviews a book written by the medievalist-historian P.P. Tolochko, full member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), honorable director of the NASU Institute of Archaeology. The book was published by the Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences in the autumn of 2018. The book presents a collection of articles and reports devoted to processes in Ukraine and, first of all, in Ukrainian historical science, which, at the moment, is experiencing an era of serious reformation of its interpretative models. The author of the book shows that these models are being reformed to suit the requirements of the new ideology, with an obvious disregard for the conduct of objective scientific research. In this regard, the problem of objectivity of scientific research becomes the subject of this review because the requirement of objectivity can be viewed not only as a methodological requirement but also as a moral and political position, opposing the rigor of scientific research to the impact of ideological, political and moral systems and judgments. It is concluded that in this sense the position of P.P. Tolochko can be considered as the act of profound ethical choice.

СТАН ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ РУХЛИВОСТІ НЕРВОВИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В УМОВАХ СЛУХОВОЇ ДЕПРИВАЦІЇ

The article discusses the effect of sensory deprivation on the state of functionalmobility of nervous processes in schoolchildren aged 15-16. The relevance of the studyis the need to obtain and analyze new scientific data on the specificity of the impact ofauditory deprivation on the functional mobility of the nervous processes (FMNP) of a person. The main objective of this phase of the study was to study the features of thefunctional mobility of the nervous processes in children with hearing impairments.The studies were conducted, taking into account changes in the fluctuations ofmental performance during the working day and week, all studies were conducted ondays of high mental performance - from Tuesday to Thursday from 9.00 to 13.00hours. The total amount of experimental research for each subject represented nomore than 10 minutes in one examination. At the beginning of the study, eachindividual was familiarized with the methodology for studying the functional mobilityof nerve processes using the feedback mode. The study for the entire contingent wascarried out using the computer diagnostic method "Diagnost-1M", which wasdeveloped in the laboratory of physiology of higher human nervous activity of theInstitute of Physiology named after. O.O. Bogomoltsa National Academy of Sciencesof Ukraine (Kiev) professors M. V. Makarenk and V. S. Lizogub.After analyzing the data, we found that the mean values of FMNP in childrenwith sensory deprivation were statistically different from those in the control group.The reason for this is mental retardation and hearing problems in children withimpaired hearing. Qualitative analysis showed that among students in the controlgroup, individuals with high and medium levels of functional mobility of nerveprocesses are more often observed, and in the experimental group - children with lowlevels of FMNP. The central processing time is the shortest for the students in thecontrol group, in contrast to the experimental one. This is due to the lagging behind ofhearing impaired people in the area of forming perception of objective actions as aresult of speech underdevelopment. Also, the average values of the right-handedFMNP are significantly better compared to the functional mobility of the left hand inboth groups. This is due to the dominance of the right hand as a powerful means ofadaptive human behavior.Keywords: functional mobility, sensory deprivation, informationprocessing.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УЛЬТРАСКУЛЬПТУРИ СПЕРМОДЕРМИ НАСІННЯ ПРЕДСТАВНИКІВ РОДУ PYCNANTHEMUM MICHX. (LAMIACEAE LINDL.)

The result of the introduction of any type of plant is the final comprehensiveassessment, which is based on the results of a number of studies, the main placeamong which occupy morphological. Changes in the morphology of organs that plantscan acquire after introducing in new growth conditions characterize the adaptivepotential and lability of the species, and static characteristics - help in taxonomicidentification.The article presents the results of a comparative study of seeds (erems)of 2 species of the genus Pycnanthemum Michx. (Lamiaceae Lindl.): Pycnanthemumtenuifolium Schrad. and P. virginianum (L.) T. Durand & B.D. Jacks ex B.L. Rob &Fernald, introduced in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden NationalAcademy of Sciences of Ukraine (Right Bank Forest-Steppe). As for Ukraine,Pycnanthemum is a new representative of the cultural flora, in the context ofmorphological studies, the features of ultrasculpture of spermoderm of the seed arerevealed, since its features are considered constant and taxonomically significant, andinformation on this issue has not been revealed. he result of the research is the description and photocopied documented morphological features of the hens of twospecies of the genus Pycnanthemum: P. tenuifolium and P. virginianum, introduced inthe conditions of the National Botanic Garden. MM Grishko National Academy ofSciences of Ukraine (Right Bank Forest-steppe).It was found that the seeds of thesespecies are quite small and have a different type of relief. For the seeds P. tenuifoliumis characterized by roundness, combined relief, U-shaped bend of the scar, whereasthe P. virginianum seeds are indistinctly sculptural spermoderm, sharp longitudinalfaces, V-shaped bend of the scar. Presented descriptions are important as auxiliarytaxonomic features for the species identification of introducers of this genus.Keywords: introduction, genus Pycnanthemum, ultrasculpture, seeds, sign,spermoderm.

III. General Meetings of the Mechanics Department of the NAS of Ukraine on December 21, 2018 Devoted to the 100th Anniversary of the S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

A report on important moments of 100-years scientific activity (1918 – 2018) of the S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU) is presented. This report was read on December 21, 2018 at the General Meetings of the Mechanics Division of the NASU devoted to the centenary of the institute.

TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE – THE CRADLE OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Purpose . Preparation of short scientifically-historical essay about creation and development of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine. Methodology. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of scientific and technical information, touching creation and development of NAS of Ukraine and resulted in scientific monographs, journals and internet-reports . Results. A short scientifically-historical essay is presented about creation and development of NAS of Ukraine. The main scientific achievements of NAS of Ukraine in various fields of science are presented. It is pointed that a large scientifically-organizational contribution to these achievements brought by present President of NAS of Ukraine, Academician B.Ye. Paton, his 100th Birthday (27 November, 2018) coincides surprising appearance with the 100th anniversary of NAS of Ukraine. An important role of NAS of Ukraine in the development of society and international scientific and technical cooperation was noted. The results of scientific research, achieved over the past few years by the Institute of Technical Problems of Magnetism of the NAS of Ukraine (Kharkiv), as well as by the Institute of Ionosphere of the NAS and Departments of education and science (DES) of Ukraine (Kharkiv) are briefly presented. The research cooperation in the field of electrical engineering of NTU «KhPI» with scientific institutions of the NAS of Ukraine is highlighted. Originality. Certain systematization is executed of known from scientific journals and other mass of scientific and technical materials, touching the results of activity of research workers of institutes of NAS of Ukraine in the last few years. Practical value. Scientific popularization and deepening for the students of higher school, engineer-technical and scientific workers, working in the different sectors of economy of country, scientific and technical knowledge in an area of physical-technical and mathematical sciences, chemical and biological sciences, and also social and humanitarian sciences, extending their scientific range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in society.

НОВІ ВИДИ ФЕРМЕНТОВАНОЇ ПРОДУКЦІЇ З БАКЛАЖАНА

The results of researches on the development of experimental formulations on new types of fermented egg-plant products with high taste properties, which have an increased biological value due to the addition of fungi and fried vegetables, are presented to expand the existing assortment of salt and kvass products in the domestic market. Egg-plant fruits are a valuable food product that provides the human body with a complex of vitamins, organic acids and mineral compounds. On taste, the fruits of egg-plant are in high demand in the Ukrainian population. In the conditions of harvesting and maturation, the fruits of egg-plant can not be stored for a long time; therefore, to reduce the losses, it is necessary to process vegetable raw materials of various types of canned food and salt, which is an important step in solving the problem of consumption of vegetables by the population throughout the year. In the manufacture of canned products requires sterilization (heat treatment at a temperature above 100 ºС), resulting in the loss of nutrients that are necessary for human nutrition especially in the winter. Pickles relate to the microbiological preservation method, which is based on the creation of natural preservatives - lactic acid or alcohol. Due to its preservative properties, lactic acid prevents the activity of rotting microorganisms and makes it possible to preserve without heat treatment. The development of undesirable micro flora is observed only at the beginning of fermentation especially, with the slow accumulation of lactic acid in saline raw materials. Correct fermentation and determines the quality of the finished product. Improving the quality of finished products is one of the main tasks of the processing industry. The research work was carried out on the basis of theInstituteofVegetableand Melons of the National Academy of Sciences ofUkraine. Experimental variants of the recipes of the fermented products were made from the Prime grade, selection of theInstituteofVegetableand Melons, NAAS. The worked out parameters of optimum conditions of fermentation in the creation of new types of salt and sour products, which positively influenced the quality of fermented products. Patents for the utility model have been obtained and normative and technical documentation for new types of fermented egg-plant products has been developed. The economic effect of producing fermented egg-plant fruit with the addition of mushrooms, onions and carrots is achieved by reducing the cost of using vegetables. At the same time, the price of sale of the finished product increases due to high taste qualities.

Liver fatty acids composition in the sterlet of different ages

Lipids are important factors in the response of organisms to exogenous action due to their role in energy metabolism and cellular signaling as a structural compound of biomembranes. To date, the features of the fatty acid composition of lipids, in particular in their various fractions, in the tissues of sterlet of different age have been studied to a lesser extent. This determines the topicality of deepening such research, which will be of great practical importance in the future, since it will be aimed at increasing adaptation potential and survival of sturgeon fish, especially given their high cost.Here we present changes of fatty acid composition in different lipid fractions of the liver of sterlet of different age (namely two-, three- and nine-year-old) with masses 0.3 - 0.4, 0.5 - 0.6 and 5 - 6 kg for the age-groups of fish, respectively. Fatty acid (FA) composition was determined using gas chromatography on CarloErba (Italy) in Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU). The fatty acid composition of lipids of sterlet liver tissues is represented by saturated and unsaturated high-molecular carboxylic acids, the largest content of which belongs to palmitic, stearic, and oleic, linoleic acids, respectively.With increasing sterlet age, fractions of triacylglycerols (TAG) of the liver tissues were found, mainly, reducing saturated and increasing unsaturated fatty acids. Depending on the increase in the unsaturation of high molecular weight carboxylic acids, a significant decrease in the amount of their monoenic (1.7 times), dienic (1.8 times) and, especially, polyenic (4 times) was observed. The amount of TAG unsaturated FA in the liver of 9-year-old sterlet was significantly lowered (~ 2 times) compared to 2- and 3-year-old individuals. Hence, the ratio of saturated and unsaturated FA was greater (~ 2 times) in the 9-year-old sterlet compared with the values of this indicator for two- and three-year-old fish.In the phospholipids of sterlet liver tissues, with an increase of age, a slight increase in the saturated FA content and a decrease in the level of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were recorded.Among the free fatty acids in the liver of sterlet, we identified 27 acids, of them 44%, 41 %, and 35 % were saturated in 2-, 3-year-old and mature fish, respectively. As for free fatty acids, we can conclude the age-dependent decreasing of saturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated FA content was 27 %, 31 % and 47 % in 2-, 3-year-old and adult sterlet fish, and polyunsaturated FA content –27 %, 25 % and 15 %, respectively.All this can be used for the theoretical justification and development of appropriate corrective feed additives and premixes

MATERIALS OF SYMPOSIUM AND SUMMER SCHOOL “FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CANCER BIOTHERAPY”, MAY 21–23, 2018, KYIV, UKRAINE

The International Scientific Symposium “Fundamental Principles of Cancer Biotherapy” was held on May 21–23, 2018 in Kyiv, Ukraine. It was organized by R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU). The symposium was supported by the VACTRAIN project (TWINNING on DNA­based Cancer Vaccines, No 692293) in the frame of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program.

INDICES OF FATTY ACIDS SPECTRUM OF LIPIDS IN THE BLOOD SERUM OF STERLET OF DIFFERENT AGE

As the only sturgeon living in freshwater, sterlet is important for breeding in industrial fish farms, where lately cases of early mortality of this species have been detected. Hence, in order to preserve the species, it is important to study the parameters of fatty acid (FA) composition of lipid fractions of the blood serum of sterlet. Here we present changes of fatty acid composition in different lipid fractions of the blood serum of sterlets of different age (namely two-, three- and nine-year-old) with the masses 0.3–0.4, 0.5–0.6 and 5–6 kgfor the age-groups of fish, respectively. Fatty acid (FA) composition was determined using gas-chromatography on HRGC 5300 (Italy) in Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU). Fatty acid composition of starlet blood serum is presented by saturated and unsaturated high-molecular weight carboxylic acids, mostly palmic, stearic, oleic and linoleic. In the phospholipids fraction, there was a moderate increase in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and a slight decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids depending on the age of fish. As for free fatty acids, there was a drop in the saturated ones depending on the starlet age. Among the free fatty acids of sterlet blood serum, we identified 28 acids, of them 39 %, 35 % and 30 % were saturated in 2-, 3-year-old and mature fish, respectively. Monounsaturated FA content was 14 %, 23 % and 23 % in 2-, 3-year-old and adult sterlet fish, and polyunsaturated FA content –46 %, 41 % and 36 %, respectively. The data can be used for the theoretical verification of correcting supplementary feed and premixes.

Гриби класу Dothideomycetes зелених насаджень населених пунктів степової зони України

Гриби класу Dothideomycetes зелених насаджень населених пунктів степової зони України

Функціональна діагностика адаптивності інтродукованих видів роду сніжноягідник (Symphoricarpos duhamel) в умовах Києва

The important condition of the environmental improvement is mobilization and wide introduction of introduced trees and shrubs, which have already had successful preliminary investigation in the botanical gardens and dendrological parks and have shown characteristics of high ornamentality. The snowberries are such perspective but not so widespread plants now, which have very high decorativeness and attractiveness during almost the whole vegetative period, which is especially important when creating urban landscape compositions. Observations on the development of snowberries in the street landscapes ofKievhave shown quite high resistance of plants to the megapolis conditions, which made us to conduct the study of their functional state in the places with the most intensive traffic. The purpose of the study was to determine the functional state and photosynthetic potential of plants of the genus snowberry ( Symphoricarpos Duhamel) different species in the megapolis conditions. Seasonal inductive changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves of 9 species of the genus snowberry ( Symphoricarpos Duhamel): S. albus (L.) S.F.Blake, S. × chenaultii Rehder, S. × doorenbosii Krűssm., S. hesperius G.N.Jones, S. mollis Nutt., S. occidentalis Hook., S. orbiculatus Moench, S. oreophilus A.Gray, S. rivularis Suksd. are studied. For the assessment of the functional state of green plants a method based on the study of correlation of changes of intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) with photosynthetic reactions in chloroplasts of leaves was used. To measure parameters of fluorescence and its inductive changes in the field conditions we used a portable device – a fluorometer Floratest (developed by the Engineering Center of V. M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences ofUkraine). The study of seasonal changes in the parameters of CFI of the leaves has revealed very small seasonal variability of the parameters of CFI in the leaves of snowberries: on average, the intensity of fluorescence at the maximum F p 1 and F p 2 decreased by 4,0 and 1,5 %, and the coefficient К 1 by 3,4 %, indicating on the high stability of electron transport processes near the reaction centers of photosystem II (FSII). The analysis of normalized inductive changes of fluorescence intensity in the time range of the slow decline of fluorescence showed slight decrease in the intensity of dark photochemical processes: К 2 ( Rfd ) ratio decreased only by 6,0 %. Thus, by means of the comprehensive analysis of functional indicators we found the high stability of photosynthetic processes in snowberry leaves, which allow the plants to maintain their ornamental features for the long periods of time. The analysis of the content of metal pollutants in the different parts of common snowberry plants ( S. albus ) was carried out using an atomic absorption spectroscopy method. Preparation of the bioprobes was carried out by such method as ozonation in a muffle furnace, followed by extraction in nitric acid. Determination of the content of metals in the prepared filtrates was carried out with the use of flame atomization (in the case of determination of large quantities) on the «C115-M1» spectrophotometer and electrothermal atomization (in the case of determination of trace quantities) on the «Saturn-3» spectrophotometer with the complex «Graphite-2». The comparative analysis of the accumulation of metal pollutants and the parameters of CFI of S. albus leaves in the park zone and near the transport line at Sevastopolska square has established the negative influence of the complex of factors on the activity of reaction centers and the effectiveness of dark photochemical processes. So, according to the «coefficient of plateau» K pL , which controls the number of inactive reactive centers of FSII, their growth is determined by 50–60%. Also, within the limits of 30–50%, the reduction of the Rfd parameter is registered, indicating a decrease in the activity of dark photochemical processes, that is the Calvin cycle. At the same time, the effectiveness of the light phase of photosynthesis in the leaves of S. albus on the experimental plots of Sevastopolska square in relation to similar indices obtained for plants of the park zone of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, does not change significantly, within 4,0–6,5%. The latest information obtained indicates that there is significant stability of the light phase of photosynthesis in the relation to the dark photochemical processes in snowberry plants and their high adaptive potential in the conditions of the urban environment. The results of the research allow us to recommend previously tested in Kyiv city conditions introduced snowberry species for the further usage in the plantations in the megacity conditions, and in particular in the places with the high level of contamination.

For the 100TH Anniversary of the S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU)

For the 100TH Anniversary of the S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU)

A New Species of the Chalcid Wasp Genus Eurytoma Illiger (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) from South Korea

A new species, Eurytoma koreana Zerova et Fursov, sp. n., is described from South Korea. The new species is closely related to Eurytoma verticillata (Fabricius) but differs in the structure of the antennae and the fore wings in both sexes. The holotype and paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences ofUkraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.