National Academy Of Engineering Research Articles

Tomorrow’s materials professionals: The TMS member’s role

conference: “The Role of Science and Engineering in U.S. Competitiveness.” Murray served on a blue ribbon panel convened by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering that issued the landmark report called “Rising Above the Gathering Storm.” Four major recommendations were made: v Increase the U.S. talent pool by vastly improving K–12 mathematics and science education v Sustain and strengthen the U.S. commitment to basic research v Develop, recruit, and retain top students, scientists, and engineers from the United States and abroad v Ensure that the United States is the premier place in the world for innovation Murray’s keynote address was planned to focus on our most precious asset—human capital! Government’s role is paramount; we need the leadership to envision the future and make it happen. (Read more on Murray’s assessment of post-Gathering Storm progress in “In the Eye of the Storm” on the Materials Education page of Materials Technology@TMS.

A grand challenge for the twenty‐first century

PurposeReviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting‐edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.FindingsTop of the list of the 14 “Grand challenges for engineering in the 21st century” that have been identified and published by the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE) is the need to harness the power of the sun by commercializing affordable solar energy. As the NAE observes, “we only need to capture one part in 10,000 of the sunlight that falls on the Earth to meet 100 percent of our energy needs.” At present solar's share of the total energy market remains rather small, well below 1 percent of total energy consumption. However, the committee has chosen challenges that they feel can, through creativity and commitment, be realistically met, and a range technologies that start go some of the way to meeting the solar energy generation problems – from PV cells to utility scale thermal power plants – are now not only well in hand, but are seeing major growth in terms of adoption.Practical implicationsProvides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.Originality/valueThe briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy‐to‐digest format.

Two IEEE PES Fellows Named to U.S. National Academy of Engineering [Awards

Two IEEE PES Fellows Named to U.S. National Academy of Engineering [Awards

Online Ethics Center at the National Academy of Engineering

Online Ethics Center at the National Academy of Engineering

Yahya Rahmat-Samii elected to US National Academy of Engineering

Yahya Rahmat-Samii elected to US National Academy of Engineering

CSI for engineers? Workshop explores prime-time appeal of engineering drama

Every week, millions of viewers watch forensic scientists use their skills to solve mysteries on the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation television shows. The show portrays forensic professionals as interesting people with interesting jobs and interesting lives. What if a television drama could do the same for engineers? This is one of the questions that a group of science, engineering, media, and technology professionals considered at an exploratory Engineering and the Media workshop in October. The workshop was organized by Norman Fortenberry, founding director of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering’s Center for the Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education (CASEE), which is dedicated to achieving excellence in engineering education. The exploratory workshop allowed participants to discuss the possibilities of developing both a prime-time drama series for network television and an interactive game. This dual approach would allow fans to both see the possibilities of engineering and to act like virtual engineers themselves. For both the show and the game, workshop participants agreed that a strong narrative would be the key to success. “I watch CSI, and it’s the affairs and the murders—the human drama—that really drive the show,” said Fortenberry. “Sitting in the lab is secondary, tertiary, even quaternary to a strong story.” In addition to holding the audience’s attention, a strong storyline could also help to make the life of an engineer more appealing to viewers. A television show that portrayed scientists and engineers who had families and other outside interests in addition to interesting careers could be especially helpful in attracting females to science and engineering, according to Leslie Sue Lieberman, director of the Women’s Research Center at the University of Central Florida. “You have to have characters who are engaging and important and who have interesting jobs, but they also have friends and families and kids and ex-husbands and problems with lovers,” said Lieberman, who participated in the workshop. “They have all those things that they cope with. It’s very realizable and realistic.” At the exploratory workshop, participants brainstormed for possible formats for a television show. Fortenberry went into the workshop with the idea of a show based on the National Transportation Safety Board, because transportation involves almost every engineering discipline. The engineers would be called in to clean up after a failure or to find a solution to a problem in a short amount of time with resource constraints. Other possibilities, such as a show based in an engineering design firm or following a globe-trotting group of engineers, also emerged during the discussion. Randy Hinrichs, who participated in the workshop, proposed a different way to develop a television show: start with a game and develop plotlines based on user inputs from the virtual world. Hinrichs, president and founder of 2b3d, a company that designs and develops three-dimensional simulations, gaming, and virtual technologies, is currently working on a project called Blue Mars that does just that. Blue Mars is a virtual world, in which players have the objective of colonizing Mars. In doing so, the users must decide how they are going to structure their new society. The project will feed into a television show that will be based on user input from the game, making it a user-generated television show. The game is scheduled to launch in October; more information can be found at www.avatar-reality.com. “I think kids need to be pro-sumers, not just consumers,” said Hinrichs. “Through games, they are able to immerse themselves in worlds where they can collaborate to solve real-world problems. Virtual worlds are more dynamic because they allow users to create their own worlds.” The next step for the CASEE group is to involve students in the project, through a contest for television series ideas. Engineering students will be asked to develop short narrative videos that highlight engineering in the solution of human problems. A winner will be selected, and the videos will serve as a source pool of ideas for CASEE and other groups as they continue efforts to develop an engaging and effective drama series. Though the contest is not yet open to accept submissions, interested students can contact Fortenberry at nfortenb@nae.edu. To track the progress of the CASEE media projects, visit www.nae.edu/CASEE.

Yesterday's Flashpoint, Today's Accepted Wisdom [Editorial

The U.S. National Academy of Engineering (NEA) recently held a workshop in Washington D.C. on the topic Social Justice, and Sustainable Community Development. The event was convened by the NEA's Center for Engineering, Ethics, and Society, and brought together practicing engineers, academics, and government officials to discuss ongoing projects, educational issues, and plans to implement new initiatives. The meeting was lively and informative, and most of the discussions centered around the kinds of ideas typically found in the pages of IEEE Technology & Society Magazine. We discovered that the invitees included at least four past and present T&S editors, and one board member of our sponsoring society, IEEE SSIT.

Ayurveda is Embraced byeCAM

Ayurveda is Embraced by<i>eCAM</i>

Applying Systems Engineering Principles in Improving Health Care Delivery

BackgroundIn a highly publicized joint report, the National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine recently recommended the systematic application of systems engineering approaches for reforming our health care delivery system. For this to happen, medical professionals and managers need to understand and appreciate the power that systems engineering concepts and tools can bring to redesigning and improving health care environments and practices.ObjectiveTo present and discuss fundamental concepts and tools of systems engineering and important parallels between systems engineering, health services, and implementation research as it pertains to the care of complex patients.DesignAn exploratory, qualitative review of systems engineering concepts and overview of ongoing applications of these concepts in the areas of hemodialysis, radiation therapy, and patient flow modeling.ResultsIn this paper, we describe systems engineering as the process of identifying the system of interest, choosing appropriate performance measures, selecting the best modeling tool, studying model properties and behavior under a variety of scenarios, and making design and operational decisions for implementation.ConclusionsWe discuss challenges and opportunities for bringing people with systems engineering skills into health care.

Every other Thursday: Stories and strategies from successful women scientists

Science EducationVolume 92, Issue 1 p. 185-187 The BooksFree Access Every other Thursday: Stories and strategies from successful women scientists Karen L. Tonso, Karen L. Tonso College of Education, Wayne State University, 319 Education Bldg., Detroit, MI 48202, USASearch for more papers by this author Karen L. Tonso, Karen L. Tonso College of Education, Wayne State University, 319 Education Bldg., Detroit, MI 48202, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 November 2007 https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20248AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES Committee on Maximizing the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine (2006). Beyond bias and barriers: Fulfilling the potential of women in academic science and engineering. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Rosser, S. (2004). The science glass ceiling: Academic women scientists and the struggle to succeed. New York: Routedge. Volume92, Issue1January 2008Pages 185-187 ReferencesRelatedInformation

A simple and effective arsenic filter based on composite iron matrix: Development and deployment studies for groundwater of Bangladesh

Drinking groundwater contaminated with naturally occurring arsenic is a worldwide public health issue. This work describes the research, development and distribution of a filter used by thousands of people in Bangladesh to obtain arsenic-free safe water. The filter removes arsenic species primarily by surface complexation reactions: = FeOH + H2AsO4 − → = FeHAsO4 − + H2O (K = 1024) and = FeOH + HAsO4 2− → = FeAsO4 2 − + H2O (K = 1029) on a specially manufactured composite iron matrix (CIM). The filter water meets WHO and Bangladesh standards, has no breakthrough, works without any chemical treatment (pre- or post-), without regeneration, and without producing toxic wastes. It costs about $40/5 years and produce 20–30 L/hour for daily drinking and cooking need of 1–2 families. The spent material is completely non toxic-solid self contained iron-arsenate cement that does not leach in rainwater. Approved by the Bangladesh Government, about 30,000 SONO filters were deployed all over Bangladesh and continue to provide more than a billion liters of safe drinking water. This innovative filter was also recognized by the National Academy of Engineering – Grainger Challenge Prize for sustainability with the highest award for its affordability, reliability, ease of maintenance, social acceptability, and environmental friendliness, which met or exceeded the local government's guidelines for arsenic removal.

The Gordon Prize-Harold S. Goldberg a Co-recipient from the National Academy of Engineering

The Gordon Prize-Harold S. Goldberg a Co-recipient from the National Academy of Engineering

Arsenic removal challenge

Arsenic contaminates the well water used by millions of Bangladeshis (see Eos 87(3), 2006). Now, the developer of a household treatment system that removes arsenic from water will receive the 2007 Grainger Challenger Prize Gold Award, the U.S. National Academy of Engineering announced on 1 February. Abul Hussam, of George Mason University in Fairfax, Va., developed a filter system, known as the SONO filter, which is manufactured and used in his native Bangladesh. The academy also announced several other award winners. Additional information is available at http://www.nae.edu/nae/grainger.nsf

National Academy of Engineering (NAE)

National Academy of Engineering (NAE)

Daily Patient Flow Is Not Surge: “Management Is Prediction”

Academic Emergency MedicineVolume 13, Issue 11 p. 1095-1096 Free Access Daily Patient Flow Is Not Surge: “Management Is Prediction” Steven J. Davidson MD, MBA, Corresponding Author Steven J. Davidson MD, MBA Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY (Email: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorKristi L. Koenig MD, Kristi L. Koenig MD Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California–Irvine, Orange, CASearch for more papers by this authorDavid C. Cone MD, David C. Cone MD Section of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CTSearch for more papers by this author Steven J. Davidson MD, MBA, Corresponding Author Steven J. Davidson MD, MBA Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY (Email: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorKristi L. Koenig MD, Kristi L. Koenig MD Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California–Irvine, Orange, CASearch for more papers by this authorDavid C. Cone MD, David C. Cone MD Section of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CTSearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2006.07.021Citations: 7AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References Koenig KL, Cone DC, Burstein JL Camargo Jr. CA. Surging to the right standard of care Acad Emerg Med 2006; 13: 195– 198. Kelen GD, McCarthy ML. The science of surge Acad Emerg Med 2006; 13: 1089– 1094. Reid PP, Compton WD, Grossman JH Fanjiang G. Building a Better Delivery System. A New Engineering/Health Care Partnership Committee on Engineering and the Health Care System. Washington , DC : Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Engineering, 2005. Hoffenberg S, Hill MB, Houry D. Does sharing process differences reduce patient length of stay in the emergency department? Ann Emerg Med 2001; 38: 533– 540. Spaite DW, Bartholomeaux F, Guisto J, et al. Rapid process redesign in a university-based emergency department: decreasing waiting time intervals and improving patient satisfaction Ann Emerg Med 2002; 39: 168– 177. Fernandes CM, Walker R, Price A, Marsden J, Haley L. Root cause analysis of laboratory delays to an emergency department J Emerg Med 1997; 15: 735– 739. Fernandes CM, Price A, Christenson JM. Does reduced length of stay decrease the number of emergency department patients who leave without seeing a physician? J Emerg Med 1997; 15: 397– 399. Wuerz R, Fernandes CM, Alarcon J. Inconsistency of emergency department triage. Emergency Department Operations Research Working Group Ann Emerg Med 1998; 32: 431– 435. Gordon BD, Asplin BR. Using online analytical processing to manage emergency department operations Acad Emerg Med 2004; 11: 1206– 1212. Solberg LI, Asplin BR, Weinick RM Magid DJ. Emergency department crowding: consensus development of potential measures Ann Emerg Med 2003; 42: 824– 834. Asplin BR, Magid DJ, Rhodes KV, Solberg LI, Lurie N, Camargo Jr. CA. A conceptual model of emergency department crowding Ann Emerg Med 2003; 42: 173– 180. Davidson SJ, Zwemer Jr. FL, Nathanson LA, Sable KN, Khan AN. Where's the beef? The promise and the reality of clinical documentation Acad Emerg Med 2004; 11: 1127– 1134. Handler JA, Adams JG, Feied CF, et al. Developing consensus in emergency medicine information technology Acad Emerg Med 2004; 11: 1109– 1111. Welch S, Augustine J, Camargo Jr. CA, Reese C. Emergency department performance measures and benchmarking summit Acad Emerg Med 2006; 13: 1074– 1080. Story P. Change in a Changing ED: Rationales for the Ongoing Use of Analysis and Simulation. ProModel, Inc. Available at: http:www.shsweb.orgwebcastsfileschangingachanginged.pdf. Accessed Jul 17, 2006. Committee on the Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System Hospital-based Emergency Care: At the Breaking Point. Washington , DC : National Academies Press, 2006. Deming WE. The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education2nd ed.. Cambridge : MA, 2000. Citing Literature Volume13, Issue11November 2006Pages 1095-1096 ReferencesRelatedInformation

In Memoriam: Milton C. Shaw

In Memoriam: Milton C. Shaw

Celebration of Floyd Dunn: Some remarks about his life, career, and accomplishments

No celebration of Floyd Dunn would be complete without some remarks about the life, career, and accomplishments of this remarkable scientist/engineer. Floyd had made significant scholarly contributions in six general themes, and you will hear about their impact to our welfare during the celebration. The six ultrasonic biophysics themes include absorptive processes, nonlinear phenomena, application in living systems, toxicity, measurement techniques, and ultrasonic microscopy. Floyd has been recognized for his accomplishments by being the recipient of most of the important national and international awards including National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, ASA’s Gold Medal and Silver Medal in Bioresponse to Vibration, Acoustical Society of Japan’s Medal of Special Merit, IEEE’s Edison Medal, and election to Fellowship in six professional societies.

The Power of Passionate Mentoring

You have accessThe ASHA LeaderAcademic Edge1 Sep 2006The Power of Passionate MentoringMentoring: Person-to-Person Professional Development Ray D. Kent Ray D. Kent Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.AE.11122006.26 SectionsAbout ToolsAdd to favorites ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Advisor, tutor, master, sponsor, model, coach—these are six roles performed by a mentor. These roles enable the mentor to guide, equip, and encourage someone who is preparing for a professional career or other responsibility. The accomplished mentor emphasizes different roles as the needs of the protégé change, so that mentoring is dynamic and adaptive. Of course, mentors do not necessarily rationalize their work by thinking, “Today I will be more of a sponsor and model as opposed to an advisor or tutor.” Rather, the idea is that reflecting on these roles with respect to the protégé’s needs helps to remind mentors of the various ways they can help their protégés develop the skills and attitudes needed for career success. Mentoring takes different forms that are often determined by characteristics of the mentor, the protégé, and the circumstances of their association. Mentoring can be formal, such as when a department or supervisor assigns a mentor to someone who was recently recruited. More informal varieties of mentoring can arise through common interests or a connection of some kind. Mentors may be master clinicians, senior scientists, experienced teachers, or leaders in a profession who share their expertise with younger or less experienced individuals. Distal mentoring is increasingly important, as mentors and protégés connect by means of the Internet or by telephone. These opportunities enable mentoring across long distances. The tradition of mentoring is rooted in Greek mythology, when Odysseus (Ulysses) entrusted the care of his son, Telemachus, to Mentor. Mentor’s name survives to this day to refer to the activity in which an experienced person takes an interest in one who is less experienced, to guide him or her to proficiency. Over time and across circumstances, mentoring has served different purposes, such as grooming younger individuals in business, aiding nurses in the transition from classroom to ward-based training, developing research skills in graduate students, and teaching reflective and self-evaluative thinking to professionals of many kinds. In academic and professional circles, mentoring is the means to implicit knowledge about the “hidden curriculum,” that is, professionalism, ethics, values, career development, financial issues, and the art of practice. This implicit knowledge complements the explicit knowledge that is found in curriculum content. Mentoring offers mutual benefits to the protégé and the mentor. The protégé naturally benefits from the mentor’s experiences and may be supported financially, emotionally, and professionally. The mentor, in turn, generally experiences career growth and satisfaction, increased productivity, new ideas, networking, and self-evaluation. Selected References Berk R. A., Berg J., Mortimer R., Walton-Moss B., & Yeo T. P. (2005). Measuring the effectiveness of faculty mentoring relationships.Academic Medicine, 80, 66–71. CrossrefGoogle Scholar Johnson W. B. (2002). The intentional mentor: Strategies and guidelines for the practice of mentoring.Professional Psychology—Research & Practice, 33, 88–96. CrossrefGoogle Scholar Mahayosnand P. P., & Stigler M. H. (1999). The need for mentoring in public health.American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1262–1283. CrossrefGoogle Scholar Minghetti N. J. et al. (Eds.) (1993). Research Mentorship and Training in Communication Sciences and Disorders. Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation. Google Scholar National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine (1997). Advisor, teacher, role model, friend. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press. Google Scholar Rose G. L., Rukstalis M. R., & Schuckit M. A. (2005). Informal mentoring between faculty and medical students.Academic Medicine, 80, 344–348. CrossrefGoogle Scholar Author Notes Ray D. Kent, is professor emeritus at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and currently serves as ASHA vice president for research and technology. Contact him by e-mail at [email protected]. Advertising Disclaimer | Advertise With Us Advertising Disclaimer | Advertise With Us Additional Resources FiguresSourcesRelatedDetailsCited ByPerspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups6:3 (601-609)25 Jun 2021Undergraduate Student Success Initiatives in Communication Sciences and DisordersJairus-Joaquin Matthews, Twyla Perryman and Dena Kneiss Volume 11Issue 12September 2006 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in print: Sep 1, 2006 Metrics Downloaded 718 times Topicsasha-topicsleader_do_tagleader-topicsasha-article-typesCopyright & Permissions© 2006 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationLoading ...

Special issue on activity-travel decision processes

Before you lies the 2006 TRB (Transportation Research Board) Special Issue of Transportation comprising selected papers presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the TRB in sessions sponsored by the Travel Behavior and Values committee on activity-travel decision processes. We are pleased to serve as editors of this Special Issue. The Special Issue is the outcome of a partnership between Transportation and the TRB, a division of the National Research Council, which serves the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the United States. This partnership builds on TRB’s commitment to build bridges that help disseminate cutting edge research and state-of-the-art solutions in transportation to a worldwide audience. It involves two standing committees of TRB’s Division A (Technical Activities): the Committee on Traveler Behavior and Values ABD10) and the Committee on Travel Demand Forecasting (ADB40).

David Tabor

David Tabor