NAS Of Ukraine Research Articles

Литі композиційні матеріали на основі мідних сплавів

Литі композиційні матеріали на основі мідних сплавів

Development and simulation of the Institute of ionosphere measuring complex energy consumption

The work is devoted to solving an urgent problem - the development of a computer model of the energy consumption system of the Institute of the ionosphere of the National Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in order to solve the problem of increasing the energy efficiency of the measuring complex. The power supply system of the complex is described, a generalized structural diagram of the loads - powerful consumers of electricity is presented. The graphs characterizing the energy consumption of individual powerful loads are presented, the problem of compensating the reactive power of loads is shown. The adequacy of the developed model is confirmed by the coincidence of the shape and values of the experimentally obtained characteristics on loads with the characteristics of the model. The model adequacy was assessed by the variance of feedback deviations from the system mean. The results obtained confirmed the possibility of using the developed Matlab-model of the energy consumption system of the measuring complex for creating and testing on the model of an energy-efficient power supply system, which will ensure the stable operation of scientific equipment for the implementation of research programs of the NAS of Ukraine.

Дослідник рукописної і книжкової спадщини та організатор науки (до 70-річчя члена- кореспондента НАН України Л.А. Дубровіної)

Дослідник рукописної і книжкової спадщини та організатор науки (до 70-річчя члена- кореспондента НАН України Л.А. Дубровіної)

The Second Reprocessing Campaign of Historical Observations in the GNSS Data Analysis Centre of MAO NAS of Ukraine

The second reprocessing campaign of historical observations of GNSS satellites at permanent stations located in Ukraine and in the Eastern Europe for GPS weeks 935–1708 (December 7, 1997 – October 6, 2012) was carried out in the GNSS Data Analysis Centre of the Main Astronomical Observatory NAS of Ukraine with using products updated in IGS repro2 and EPN-Repro2 campaigns – precise ephemerides of GPS and GLONASS satellites, coordinates and velocities of reference permanent GNSS stations, etc. The observations was analyzed with the Bernese GNSS Software ver. 5.2 according to the requirements of the EUREF Permanent GNSS Network (EPN), that were valid at that time. In total, observations on 72 GNSS stations, including 48 Ukrainian stations belonging to the following operators of GNSS networks: MAO NAS of Ukraine, Research Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, TNT TPI company (TNT TPI GNSS Network), PJSC System Solutions (System.NET), Lviv Polytechnic National University, UNAVCO, Inc. (USA), were processed. The IGb08 reference frame was realized by applying No-Net-Translation conditions on the coordinates of the IGS Reference Frame stations. As result, the stations’ coordinates in the IGb08 reference frame and the zenith tropospheric delays for all stations were estimated. The mean repeatabilities for components of stations’ coordinates for all weeks (the characteristics of the precision of the received daily and weekly solutions) are in the following ranges: for north and east components – from 0.6 mm to 1.6 mm (average values are 1.02 mm and 0.94 mm respectively), for height component – from 2.2 mm to 5.2 mm (average value is 3.36 mm) with the outlier of 5.79 mm for GPS week 943. The coordinates of the permanent GNSS stations for one weekly solution are presented.

Вікторії Віктора Григоровича (до 90-річчя академіка НАН України В.Г. Баряхтара)

Вікторії Віктора Григоровича (до 90-річчя академіка НАН України В.Г. Баряхтара)

Культура — фактор державотворення (до 80-річчя академіка НАН України М.Г. Жулинського)

Культура — фактор державотворення (до 80-річчя академіка НАН України М.Г. Жулинського)

Безмежна любов до фізики (до 90-річчя академіка НАН України В.Г. Баряхтара)

Безмежна любов до фізики (до 90-річчя академіка НАН України В.Г. Баряхтара)

Учений і людина з великої літери (до 80-річчя академіка НАН України В.В. Петрова)

Учений і людина з великої літери (до 80-річчя академіка НАН України В.В. Петрова)

Ecological impact of phytoinvasions in Ukraine

Ecological impact of phytoinvasions in Ukraine

Discovering Europe's seabed geology: the EMODnet concept of uniform collection and harmonization of marine data

Abstract Maritime spatial planning, management of marine resources, environmental assessments and forecasting all require good seabed maps. Similarly there is a need to support the objectives to achieve Good Environmental Status in Europe's seas by 2020, set up by the European Commission's Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Hence the European Commission established the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) programme in 2009, which is now in its fourth phase (2019–21). The programme is designed to assemble existing, but fragmented and partly inaccessible, marine data and to create contiguous and publicly available information layers which are interoperable and free of restrictions on use, and which encompass whole marine basins. The EMODnet Geology project is delivering integrated geological map products that include seabed substrates, sedimentation rates, seafloor geology, Quaternary geology, geomorphology, coastal behaviour, geological events such as submarine landslides and earthquakes, and marine mineral occurrences. Additionally, as a new product during the ongoing and preceding phase of the project, map products on submerged landscapes of the European continental shelf have been compiled at various time frames. All new map products have a resolution of 1:100 000, although finer resolution is presented where the underlying data permit. A multi-scale approach is adopted whenever possible. Numerous national seabed mapping programmes worldwide have demonstrated the necessity for proper knowledge of the seafloor. Acting on this, the European Commission established the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) programme in 2009. The national geological survey organizations of Europe have a strong network of marine geological teams through the Marine Geology Expert Group of the association of European geological surveys (Eurogeosurveys). This network was the foundation of the EMODnet Geology consortium which today consists of the national geological surveys of Finland, the UK, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Albania, Greece, Cyprus, Malta, Russia, Germany, Montenegro and Iceland, as well as marine teams of research organizations in Portugal (IPMA), Bulgaria (IO-BAS), Romania (GeoEcoMar), the UK (CEFAS), Greece (HCMR) and Ukraine (PSRGE, replaced in the fourth phase by Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine). The consortium is further strengthened with experts from six universities: Edge Hill University (UK), Sapienza University of Rome (Italy), University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Crete through FORTH-ICS, Institute of Marine Science and Technology of Dokuz Eylul University (Turkey), and EMCOL Research Centre of Istanbul Technical University – altogether, 30 partners and nine subcontractors. The EMODnet Geology programme is now in its fourth phase, which started in September 2019. In addition to geological information, the wider EMODnet programme aims to also bring together information from European seas on seabed habitats, physical properties, chemistry, biology, human activities and hydrography. This paper describes the EMODnet Geology project and the different end products which were delivered in the end of the third phase and will be further developed during the recent fourth phase of the project.

Alien species of the genus Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae) in the flora of right-bank Ukraine

The purpose of this work is to determine the taxonomic composition of alien species of the genus Lonicera in the flora of the Right-Bank Ukraine and to study the state of their naturalization. The work is based on floristic field studies in the region and an inventory of the taxonomic composition of plantations of M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv), Syrets Arboretum (Kyiv), and Arboretum Oleksandriya of NAS of Ukraine (Bila Tserkva). Except alien species are cited earlier – L. tatarica and L. caprifolium, in the investigated spontaneous flora of the botanical garden and arboretums other species L. × notha and L. ruprechtiana have been found, which now have a local distribution. L. tatarica is widely distributed in parks and forest plantations throughout the territory. This species is well naturalized and it is now a common alien species. It is noted that the species is very polymorphic in the culture, but it is most adapted to local conditions typical form spontaneously spread. L. caprifolium often occurs in culture as an ornamental species and sometimes naturalizes, mostly near parks. L. ruprechtiana is found in collections in arboretums and botanical gardens. This species is characterized by successful generative reproduction and it is an escaped plant in the examined parklands. It is stated that the L. ruprechtiana is potentially expansive and therefore should not be recommended for widespread use in parklands and forest plantations. The hybridogenic L. × notha spontaneously arises in the centers of introduction upon contact of parental species – L. ruprechtiana and L. tatarica. This species may have a potentially high invasive ability. It is noted that several species of the genus: L. japonica, L. maackii and L. micrantha – have successfully naturalized in culture in the Right-Bank Ukraine and can replenish adventitious fraction of the flora in the future. It is established that 4 species of the genus Lonicera are alien species of the flora of Right-Bank Ukraine: L. tatarica, L. caprifolium, L. × notha and L. ruprechtiana. The last two are given for the first time for the flora of Ukraine. They are at the initial stage of naturalization and refer to colonophytes. A way to deter further expansion of L. × notha and L. ruprechtiana is to prevent a further spread of L. ruprechtiana in culture. Manuscript received 29.04.2020

Математика — любов на все життя до 80-річчя члена-кореспондента НАН України В.П. Моторного

Математика — любов на все життя до 80-річчя члена-кореспондента НАН України В.П. Моторного

Review of helminths from rare aquatic birds in Ukraine

Helminth fauna of aquatic bird has well studied on the territory of Ukraine. The data on the helminths of rare waterfowl are contained in numerous faunistic works. But there are no publications in which only helminths of rare aquatic birds are considered. We aim to generalize all existing data about this subject in the survey. Due to achieving this purpose, the data from the Scientific fund collections of Institute of zoology NAS Ukraine and literature are used. There are 37 species of aquatic birds in Ukraine that are suggested as rare. Data on helminths of 32 aquatic bird species are available. In total, 295 species of helminths are registered in the rare aquatic bird on the territory of Ukraine. It is found 116 cestode species, 112 trematode species, 53 nematode species, and 14 acanthocephalan species. High species diversity is in Charadriiformes and Anseriformes due to relatively big samples of these orders. Low species diversity of helminths of Falconiformes and Ciconiiformes connect with a small amount of surveyed birds. Majority species of helminths are low host-specific. And only 10 species of helminths can mature in the single species of bird. Helminths with a wide range of definitive hosts have a higher level of prevalence than ones with the single definitive host. The intermediate hosts of these helminths are widespread species of invertebrate and fishes. Keywords: bird, helminth, endangered species

Researches of the chemical composition of surface water in Ukraine, 1920-2020 (review)

The development of researches of the chemical composition of surface waters (rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds) is due to problems that are solved at one stage or another in the development of the country’s economy and are related to water quality issues. Depending on the tasks set during hydrochemical researches, attention is paid to a particular group of chemical components in water: 1) the main ions and their total amount (water mineralization); 2) dissolved gases; 3) biogenic elements; 4) organic matter; 5) microelements (including heavy metals); 6) radioactive elements; 7) specific pollutants. The article presents an analytical review of studies of the chemical composition of surface waters of Ukraine from the beginning of systematic research in the first half of the 20th century to the present day (1920-2020). The authors identified four typical chronological periods in the history of hydrochemical studies of surface waters in Ukraine. I period (1920s-1950s) – the beginning of systematic hydrochemical studies of surface waters; the appearance of regular observations of the chemical composition of water at the posts of hydrometeorological service on the Dnipro and Southern Bug rivers (1930s) and publication of these data in “Hydrological Yearbooks”; hydrochemical studies for selected large projects (Dnipro hydroelectric power station). II period (1950s-1970s) - expansion of hydrochemical research to meet the needs of water and hydropower construction, forecasting their possible impact on the country’s water resources; increasing the number of observation points for the chemical composition of water on large and medium-sized rivers; development of hydrochemistry of reservoirs. III period (1970s – at the beginning of the 2000s) – development of complex hydrochemical researches in the conditions of increasing anthropogenic load on water objects; creation of a system of hydrochemical monitoring of water bodies within the framework of the national system of observation and control of the environment (1973); application of sanitary and hygienic criteria for assessment of water quality – universal maximum acceptable concentrations (MAC); publication of quarterly “Hydrochemical Bulletins” (since 1967); development of radioecological studies of natural waters after the Chernobyl accident (1986); first publication in Ukraine of textbooks on hydrochemistry. IV period (after the beginning of the 2000s) – reformatting of hydrochemical research (monitoring system) to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union, especially after the signing of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement in 2014; reforming the water monitoring system based on environmental rationing with the identification of reference indicators; components of state monitoring of surface waters are the monitoring of biological, hydromorphological, chemical and physico-chemical parameters. The article also describes scientific hydrochemical schools: Institute of Hydrobiology of NAS of Ukraine; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and NAS of Ukraine.

Scientific and Organizational Providing of Publishing Activity in NAS of Ukraine (1993-2019): New Tendencies

Scientific and Organizational Providing of Publishing Activity in NAS of Ukraine (1993-2019): New Tendencies

Міжнародне наукове співробітництво НАН України з науковими установами країн Сходу (50–60-ті рр. ХХ ст.)

Міжнародне наукове співробітництво НАН України з науковими установами країн Сходу (50–60-ті рр. ХХ ст.)

Biometric characteristics of fruits and leaves of Cornus officinalis Siebold et Zucc. genotypes in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine

In the context of global climate change, the current strategy of agroeconomics focuses on the introduction of unique plant species and the selection of new commercially important cultivars adapted to the dramatic weather changes. Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae) has Chinese origin, its reintroduction at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine started in 1993.
 The objectives of this research were: to investigate the biometric parameters of fruits and leaves of C. officinalis genotypes, C. officinalis × C. mas hybrid ‘Etude’ and genotype from the grafting C. officinalis on C. mas under cultivation in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and to determine the degree of adaptation of C. officinalis to the climatic conditions of Ukraine (in particular, Right-Bank Forest Steppe) for selection of promising genotypes for further breeding work.
 Material and methods. We used: a) 26-year-old maternal plant obtained from a two-year-old seedling in 1993 received from the nursery “Northwoods Wholesale Nursery” Mollala (Oregon, USA), where it was grown as an ornamental plant; b) seedlings of the maternal plant; c) cultivar Etude, which is an artificial hybrid from crossing C. officinalis × C. mas; and d) genotype obtained from grafting C. officinalis on C. mas. In our experiment, the maternal plant is indicated as G-01, while other plants – as G-02–G-08 genotypes. We determined the biometric parameters of the fruit (length, diameter, and weight), endocarp (length, diameter, and weight), pedicel (length and thickness), leaf blade (length, width, and the number of lateral veins) and petiole (length, width, and thickness). We examined the dynamics of fruit and endocarp formation during the season (genotypes G-01–G-03 and G-05) and compared the biometric characteristics of the fruit of genotypes G-01–G-05 from crops of two years, 2010 and 2018, which were most favorable in weather conditions. We have processed quantitative data in the PAST 2.10 software. The differences between the samples were estimated using the Tukey-Kramer test. The degree of variability was determined by the coefficient of variation. To assess the level of variability, we used the classification of Mamaev (1975).
 Results. We have found that the largest fruits in 2010 were observed in the genotype G-01 and the smallest – in the genotype G-03. The coefficient of variation of the linear parameters of the fruit and endocarp was in the range 5.7–10.1 %; the level of variability was very low or low. The variability of fruit weight and endocarp was high; the coefficient of variation was from 7.0 up to 28.3 %. The amplitude of the linear parameters of the leaf was wide (coefficient of variation was from 9.8 to 31.0 %). The cultivar Etude differed from other C. officinalis genotypes in size and weight of (M = 1800 mg, max = 2400 mg) and a much wider amplitude of variation in the length (17.9–22.6 vs. 14.3–18.2 mm) of the fruit. The largest leaves were in the genotypes G-08 and G-01, and the smallest – in the genotype G-02. The cultivar Etude did not differ so much by the mean leaf morphometric indices and number of veins, but it demonstrated one of the broadest leaf blades (51.5 mm).
 Conclusions. The data obtained in this study is important for the commercial use of C. officinalis and the cultivar Etude as food and medicinal plant, as well as for breeding in climatic conditions of Ukraine and analysis of hybridization features in the genus Cornus in general.

Еuropean mistletoe (víscum álbum L.) in national botanical garden M.M. Grushko NAS of Ukraine: an overview of its distribution and hosts

The aim. To give a brief literature review of the biological features of Viscum album L., transpiration of these plants, features of the systematic situation, distribution in the world. There was determined the distribution and general trends of the semi-parasite plant on the territory of the National Botanical Garden named after M. M. Grishka NAS of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on the territory of the National Botanical Garden named after M. M. Grishka NAS of Ukraine. Visual inspection of trees and bushes for Viscum album L. was carried out, their location was determined, followed by presentation of the results on the map of the botanical garden. The degree of damage to host plants was determined. Results. The map of the National Botanical Garden (NBG) named after M. M. Grishka of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine with the affected plants marked on it, is presented. A generalized list of host plants inhabited by Viscum album L. on the territory of the NBS has been compiled. The most affected plants were identified and found to belong to 7 orders of magnitude. Conclusions. The total number (50) of plants introduced to the NBG, on which Viscum album settles, as well as the areas with the largest number of affected plants were determined. For the results of the study, we examined the V. album, which is supported to the following files Fabales, Fagales, Lamiales, Malpighiales, Malvales, Rosales and Sapindales. Identified a larger number of affected semi-parasites of cultivation - Robinia pseudoacacia, which has many plants in the NBG.

OLD RUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX «FEOFANIIA» (basing on the exploration in 2016—2017)

The material and archaeological context of the research of Architectural and Archaeological Expedition of the IA NAS of Ukraine in 2016—2017 are considered in the paper. The group of sites dating to the 11th—13th centuries is located in the southern part of Kyiv named Feofania. This archaeological complex includes the hill-fort and three settlements. The officers of the Kyiv Archaeology Department Dr. O. Manigda and V. Kryzhanovsky made the surveying of the site. The exploration in 2016—2017 is connected with the construction of residential complex on the territory of settlement 2. Due to it the large area of the settlement — 2850 m2 — was discovered and explored. During the excavations 55 archaeological sites of Old Rus time were discovered. Among them are the residential and industrial buildings, outbuildings. The latter includes the object with a complex of adobe kilns (such structures have a very few analogies). The large number of archaeological material was collected among which are the items with the city nomenclature. Paleobotanical remains are distinguished in a separate numerous category of material. The traces of two fires have been occurred at the settlement. If the second fire is related to the collapse of the settlement during the Tatar-Mongol invasion (1240), the first one dates to the end of 11th — beginning of the 12th century, and the reason of it is unknown. Summing up the previous results, it is possible to refer the settlements No. 2 to the type of settlements privately owned by representatives of the feudal class. The group settlements and the hill-fort formed the block-post controlling the way to Kyiv from the south.
 In addition to Medieval antiquities the number of finds and objects of the Late Bronze — Early Iron Ages, as well as three burials of the late 18th—19th centuries, which apparently related to the cemetery of Saint Panteleimon Monastery, were discovered.

Життєвий і творчий шлях відомого математика (до 70-річчя члена-кореспондента НАН України О.А. Бойчука)

Життєвий і творчий шлях відомого математика (до 70-річчя члена-кореспондента НАН України О.А. Бойчука)