Narrowing Effect Research Articles

Sulfur-regulated defect engineering for enhanced ultrasonic piezocatalytic therapy of bacteria-infected bone defects

Infection within bone defects remains an intractable issue in clinical practice, causing infectious bone destruction, disability, and death. Facing the deep-seated and refractory characteristics of the infection, an urgent request for rapid in situ sterilization and bone repair therapy is required. In this study, an ultrasound (US)-responsive sulfur-doped (SDBTO) barium titanate (BTO) piezocatalyst is constructed and the relationship between the amount of sulfur dopant and piezocatalysis performance, which is dominant for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) elimination and bone regeneration, is explored. In addition to the band gap narrowing effect, an optimal sulfur doping introduces an appropriate amount of oxygen vacancies to BTO, which can increase the piezoelectric properties and improve the separation of electron-hole pairs, thus endowing SDBTO with outstanding piezocatalytic performance. SDBTO-1 presents superior antibacterial performance with 97.12% antibacterial efficiency against S. aureus. Simultaneously, SDBTO-1, activated by mild medical US, generates a moderate piezoelectric electric signal in vitro and boosts the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) by upregulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. SDBTO-1 successfully cures S. aureus-infected rat tibia bone defects with depressed inflammation and significantly improved bone regeneration. This work offers an effective ultrasonic piezocatalytic therapy through sulfur-regulated defect engineering.

Evaluation of pharyngeal airway by cone-beam computed tomography after mono- and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of the pharyngeal airway obtained using mono-and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal malocclusion. Material and Methods: The analysis was conducted on cone-beam computed tomography images taken preoperatively and postoperatively of patients undergoing mono-or bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. The pharyngeal airway was divided into four airway volume segments and measured by planimetry. Results: The bimaxillary surgery group showed an increase in nasopharynx and velopharynx volumes and a decrease in glossopharynx and hypopharynx volumes (P < 0.05). The mandibular setback surgery group showed decreases in glossopharynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and pharynx volumes (P < 0.05). The mandibular advancement surgery group showed increases in glossopharynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and pharynx volumes (P < 0.05). The maxillary advancement surgery group showed increases in nasopharynx, velopharynx, and pharynx volumes (P < 0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: Mandibular setback surgery had a narrowing effect on the pharyngeal airway volume. Maxillary advancement surgery compensated for the constrictive effect of mandibular setback surgery on both the oropharynx and pharynx volumes. Although maxillary and mandibular advancement surgery affected different sites, these were the operations that contributed most to the increase in pharyngeal volume.

The constitutional complaint in North Macedonia - an effective legal instrument with narrow effects

The constitutional complaint in North Macedonia - an effective legal instrument with narrow effects

Mobility Enhancement and Abnormal Humps in Top-Gate Self-Aligned Double-Layer Amorphous InGaZnO TFTs

The mobility enhancement and the positive bias stress of top-gate self-aligned TFTs using the a-IGZO channel with a front barrier are investigated. The a-IGZO front barrier can keep electrons in the a-IGZO channel away from the top-gate oxide to significantly enhance the electron mobility at the top gate operation. The parasitic channel induces a hump in the transfer characteristics. The positive bias stress shifts the hump to the negative voltage abnormally. The H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O in the polymer film on array layer is responsible for the abnormal shift. The H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O diffuses into the top-gate insulator and is electrolyzed to create H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> , which forms a parasitic channel with a negative shift of threshold voltage, leading to the abnormal hump. The abnormal humps are increasingly significant with the increasing channel width and the decreasing channel length. The channel width dependence on positive bias stress is due to the inverse narrow width effect caused by the fringe electric field. The channel length dependence on positive bias stress is due to the H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> diffusion toward the center of the parasitic channel from both the source and drain sides.

Study of injection-locked stabilized, short cavity Brillouin ring laser source design for fiber sensing applications

A new pump-seeded, short-cavity Brillouin ring laser source layout intended for Brillouin sensing applications is showcased, showing increased high maximum output (1.5 mW), a strong linewidth narrowing effect (producing light with a linewidth of 10 kHz) and limited relative intensity noise (RIN ~ −145 dB/Hz), providing an ultranarrow, highly stable BRL source that can also be employed as a pump-probe source for Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) applications.

СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦІЯ КРИТЕРІЇВ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ ТА ПАРАМЕТРІВ ПОЗИЦІОНУВАННЯ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД: ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article deepens theoretical and methodical provisions on the attractive image formation for the territorial communities in terms of systematization of their identification criteria and positioning parameters, strengthened in this context local innovative aspect of the implementation of sustainable development concept. The theoretical and methodical provisions regarding the marketing tools of economic entities at the local level have been analysed, which made it possible to research the territorial community as a complex and innovatively active system characterized by emergence and synergistic metasystem connections between its elements that require ordering. This ordering became possible due to the methodological research platform, which based on the positions of the systemic and integrated approach, D. Forrester counterintuitive method of system dynamics, A. Marshall partial equilibrium approach and the principle of stable disequilibrium. The authors proved that the process of determining and ordering identification criteria and positioning parameters depends on the existing institutional frames for the functioning and development of territorial communities, which have a narrowing effect on the search opportunities and alternatives in choice. The discreteness of the coverage of the unique characteristics, which made it possible to distinguish the community among many others based on the established scientific hypothesis, justified the choice of 15 identification criteria and 13 positioning parameters that form the idea of a territorial unit. The provisions of the article systematized of certain criteria and parameters by constructing appropriate classification schemes based on a descending hierarchical chain of classification taxa “class – type – criterion / parameter – result (value) of criterion / parameter”. This made it possible to distinguish between the classes of identification criteria into key and auxiliary ones, and the classes of positioning parameters into single (quantitative) and complex (qualitative) ones. The article proves importance of the implementation of identification criteria and positioning parameters in the practice of the territorial communities strategizing to improve their innovative activity and determine key development positions in a strategic perspective.

Restoring the Coherence of Quantum Emitters through Optically Driven Motional Narrowing Forces.

Motional narrowing is a phenomenon by which a quantum state can be entangled with a noisy environment and still retain its intrinsic coherence. Using two optically induced motional forces driving the environmental electrical field amplitude and fluctuations, we present a compelling illustration of the effects of motional narrowing on the energy, line shape, and line width of a single quantum emitter, a Te2 molecule embedded in ZnSe, subject to spectral diffusion. Motional narrowing is achieved in several regimes, irrespectively of the inhomogeneous disorder initially present and the charge reservoir state sourcing the field. The optimal coherence limit set by the radiative rate can be approached by accelerating spectral diffusion into the THz regime. Motional narrowing applies to any quantum systems for which environmental fluctuations can be deliberately accelerated and alleviates the need for perfected materials and devices.

Prioritizing conservation of biodiversity in an alpine region: Distribution pattern and conservation status of seed plants in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) harbors abundant and diverse plant life owing to its high habitat heterogeneity. However, the distribution pattern of biodiversity hotspots and their conservation status remain unclear. Based on 148,283 high-resolution occurrence coordinates of 13,450 seed plants, we identified hotspots by integrating data from species richness, species complementarity and spatial phylogenetics. Nine hotspot areas were identified that contained 89% of species but covered only 7% of the total land area of the QTP. Four of nine hotspots were identified firstly, including west Nyainqentanglha Mountains, the middle reaches of Lancang and Jinsha Rivers, the upper reaches of Yellow River and Qilian Mountains. Analysis of conservation efficiency indicated national nature reserves (NNRs) covered 55% of the hotspots, whereas NNRs and provincial nature reserves (PNRs) together protected 73% of the hotspots. Conservation efforts, such as establishing new protected areas and upgrading the level of existing nature reserves, should be strengthened in the conservation gaps. Targeted conservation should be carried out for species endemic to QTP due to their narrow distribution range and low conservation effectiveness. Niche modeling for 336 threatened plants indicated there were apparent range shifts of suitable habitat areas from the eastern edge to the center of the plateau under future climate scenarios, and conservation priority should be focused on the southern QTP for where have stable habitats. • Different plant categories showed mismatched distribution pattern on the QTP • Nine biodiversity hotspot areas confined mostly to southeast QTP were identified • Current nature reserves are insufficient for conserving plant diversity • Suitable habitat areas of threatened plants will shrink under climate change • Targeted biodiversity protection should be carried out for species endemic to the QTP

Bi@BiOx(OH)y modified oxidized g-C3N4 photocatalytic removal of tetracycline hydrochloride with highly effective oxygen activation

A novel Bi@BiOx(OH)y-modified oxidized g-C3N4 photocatalyst was successfully prepared via wet chemical reduction under alkaline conditions for the tetracycline hydrochloride removal. The prepared materials were characterized comprehensively and fully. Sufficient structural representation analyses confirmed the successful loading of Bi in the form of Bi@BiOx(OH)y complex beads. Based on basic photocatalytic studies, 10% (mass percentage) was found to be the best metal Bi loading. DRS, PL, transient photocurrent and EIS have explored the improvement of the photochemical properties of materials by loading Bi@BiOx(OH)y groups, particularly the improvement of photocatalytic properties by the SPR effect and electron traps. 10%Bi-OxCN exhibited the most suitable particle size of nonagglomerated Bi-metal groups, the largest specific surface area (43.53 m2 g–1), the most adsorption sites and the most significant photocurrent (8.694 × 10−2 mA cm−2) (7.78 times that of OxCN). This indicated that 10%Bi-OxCN had good adsorption capacity and excellent light response capability. In addition, 10%Bi-OxCN showed the best tetracycline hydrochloride removal efficiency (96.0%), with ∙O2– as the main active substance and 1O2 as the second most important substance made of ∙O2– and h+. The excellent photocatalytic effect and good reusability were fundamentally dependent on the modification of OxCN by Bi@BiOx(OH)y groups to produce a large number of active substances (including the separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs and the generation efficiency of ∙O2− and 1O2). These advantages are all related to the high specific surface area, a large number of active sites, narrow bandgap width, Bi-SPR effect, and BiOx(OH)y electron trap caused by successful loading of Bi groups.

Wind Energy Collection System Based on Phase Change System and Deformable Materials

The purpose of this paper is to design and discover a new system, which can realize the collection, transformation and storage of energy from wind energy in the environment ^ temperature/physical deformation → material phase change → energy storage, so as to achieve the effect of green energy saving. At the same time, it can provide theoretical support and design basis for the design of high-rise Garden residential suite in cold region. Wind energy is collected through the narrow channel effect. With the help of deformation induced ferrite phase transformation technology and memory alloy materials, the collected energy is stored in the new colloid/graphene battery equipment. With the help of the relevant content research parameters, a systematic digital model is formed, and the basic database is established to simulate the external environment of high-rise Garden residential buildings in cold areas. Through the design of a new wind energy collection system and embedded in the simulation environment, the wind energy utilization in cold, low sunshine, low wind speed or unstable wind speed areas is realized, and the green energy conservation, environmental protection and sustainable development in such areas are realized. Then, the feasibility and effectiveness of the system are demonstrated according to the experimental results, and a systematic theory is formed.

Effect of 150 keV Ti+ ion implantation on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of nonstoichiometric WO2.72 thin films

WO2.72 thin films were deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates using the e-beam evaporation technique, and 150 keV Ti+ ions were implanted at various fluences. The structural studies of these thin films confirm the presence of P21/m monoclinic phase. After implantation, the intensities of X-ray peaks varied significantly, and atomic force microscopy images revealed changes in grain size with realignments and surface roughness. The redshift observed in the calculated bandgaps is due to the bandgap narrowing effect. The photoluminescence (PL) study shows the decrease in the PL intensity after implantation due to an increase in nonradiative and Auger recombination effects. The electrical studies exhibit the semiconductor to metal transition in Ti-implanted films at the highest ion fluence. The decreasing trend of resistivity, accompanied by the decrease in the carrier concentration, and the higher mobility is understood based on various scattering mechanisms.

Modulatory Effects of L-Arginine on Methylxanthine-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats: A Differential Role for Nitric Oxide (NO)

Methylxanthines are potent bronchodilators used in obstructive airway disease like COPD and bronchial asthma, but the narrow therapeutic index and resultant adverse effect profile have restricted their use. Novel beneficial effects and modes of action are now being proposed for these pharmacoeconomically viable agents. Cardiotoxicity is a prominent adverse effect of methylxanthone and thus we investigated possible mechanisms for such toxicity with an aim to devise ameliorative strategies for counteracting such undesirable effects. In view of the cardioprotective role of nitric oxide (NO) and NO mimetics, the present study investigated the possible modulatory role of L-arginine, a NO precursor, in theophylline induced cardiotoxicity in rats, with a view to exploring strategies for facilitating the safe use of this drug. The methylxanthine, aminophylline induced cardiotoxic effects like increased heart rat, raised mean BP, inverted T-waves and prolonged QTc interval (in ECG). These were accompanied by increased levels of cardiac biomarkers like Troponin-I, CPK-MB, and ADMA. Oxidative stress markers like MDA were elevated whereas, antioxidant defence markers like GSH and SOD were suppressed. Co-administration of L-arginine (with aminophylline) had dose-related effects on cardiac function (heart rate, mean BP, ECG changes) and cardiospecific biomarkers (TnI, CPK-MB, ADMA) - the lower dose being protective whereas the higher dose potentiating some of the cardiac effects and cardiospecific/oxidative stress biomarker levels. The results indicate a biphasic involvement of NO in the cardiotoxic effect of theophylline and suggests possible interactions of NO with reactive oxygen species during such modulations of cardiotoxicity.

Impact of massive topography on the dust cycle surrounding the Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau (TP), the most massive topographic feature in the world, is located at the crossroads of the Asian dust cycle and plays an important role in dust transport via topography. However, the difference in the Tibetan Plateau's topographical effect on and mechanism of dust transport from the northern and southern TP are not clear. Here, through the Tibetan topography experiments by a model, we propose a mechanism for the differential impact of the TP on the dust cycle sourced from northern and southern deserts neighboring the TP. Dust emitted from the southwestern Taklimakan Desert (TD), which is located on the north side of the TP, is mainly transported by the strong upslope winds caused by Tibetan topography to the upper layers. Consequently, it results in less dust suspended in low layers but more dust suspended in upper layers. In addition, the “narrow pipe effect” caused by massive Tibetan topography in the Hexi Corridor induces stronger dust activity in the Gobi Desert. In addition, on the southern side of the TP, more intensive dust emissions in the Great Indian Desert (GID) are induced by Tibetan topography; simultaneously, whole layers are lifted to the upper troposphere through the “heat pump effect” of the TP where the Tibetan topography acts as a “ladder”. Essentially, the existence of Tibetan topography can change the near-surface wind speeds by adjusting the atmospheric circulations, which changes the dust emission location in the TD and strengthens dust emissions in GID and Gobi Desert. This study can provide clues for a better understanding of the impact of TP topography on the dust cycle.

Gamma-radiation Induced Degradation of the Electrical Characteristics of NMOSFETs

In this paper, we present the gamma-radiation induced degradation of the electrical characteristics of N-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (NMOSFETs). The exposure was done with a 60Co gamma-ray source over the total dose range of 1 kGy to 10 kGy, with a dose rate of 3.9 kGyhr. The effects of irradiation induced degradation on device parameters such as threshold voltage, low field mobility, device transconductance (Gm), saturation drain current, off state leakage current and subthreshold swing were investigated. The threshold voltage was determined using the linear extrapolation method. The device dimensions with Wide/Long channel that excluded the Narrow Channel Effect (NCE) and the Short Channel Effect (SCE) were measured. The results showed that the threshold voltage, device transconductance and low field mobility decreased but the saturation drain current, off state leakage current and subthreshold swing increased as the gamma irradiation increased. Finally, the macro parameter models were investigated and discussed.

Labels and object categorization in six- and nine-month-olds: tracking labels across varying carrier phrases

Language shapes object categorization in infants. This starts as a general enhanced attentional effect of language, which narrows to a specific link between labels and categories by twelve months. The current experiments examined this narrowing effect by investigating when infants track a consistent label across varied input. Six-month-old infants (N = 48) were familiarized to category exemplars, each presented with the exact same labeling phrase or the same label in different phrases. Evidence of object categorization at test was only found with the same phrase, suggesting that infants were not tracking the label’s consistency, but rather that of the entire input. Nine-month-olds (N = 24) did show evidence of categorization across the varied phrases, suggesting that they were tracking the consistent label across the varied input.

Two-time correlation functions beyond quantum regression theorem: effect of external noise

We present the results of a study of the two-time correlation functions of a dichotomously driven two-level system in contact with a thermal bath by using corrections beyond the quantum regression theorem. In the strong system-environment coupling regime, it is found that the noise parameters could be tuned to control the magnitude of corrections at low environmental temperatures. The motional averaging and narrowing effect of the external noise was observed on the absorption and emission spectra of the two-state system. Furthermore, effects similar to the destruction of tunneling and noise enhancement of transport are observed in the dynamics of the two-time correlations.

Semiconductor Laser Linewidth Theory Revisited

More and more applications require semiconductor lasers distinguished not only by large modulation bandwidths or high output powers, but also by small spectral linewidths. The theoretical understanding of the root causes limiting the linewidth is therefore of great practical relevance. In this paper, we derive a general expression for the calculation of the spectral linewidth step by step in a self-contained manner. We build on the linewidth theory developed in the 1980s and 1990s but look from a modern perspective, in the sense that we choose as our starting points the time-dependent coupled-wave equations for the forward and backward propagating fields and an expansion of the fields in terms of the stationary longitudinal modes of the open cavity. As a result, we obtain rather general expressions for the longitudinal excess factor of spontaneous emission (K-factor) and the effective α-factor including the effects of nonlinear gain (gain compression) and refractive index (Kerr effect), gain dispersion, and longitudinal spatial hole burning in multi-section cavity structures. The effect of linewidth narrowing due to feedback from an external cavity often described by the so-called chirp reduction factor is also automatically included. We propose a new analytical formula for the dependence of the spontaneous emission on the carrier density avoiding the use of the population inversion factor. The presented theoretical framework is applied to a numerical study of a two-section distributed Bragg reflector laser.

Experimental and simulated study of line-shape models for measuring spectroscopic parameters using the WM-DAS method — Part II: Broadening and narrowing of select near-infrared [formula omitted] and CO lines perturbed by Ar, [formula omitted] and He

Wavelength modulation-direct absorption spectroscopy (WM-DAS) has been used to measure the absorption line shapes of the H2O transition at 7299.431 cm−1 and the CO transition at 4297.705 cm−1 perturbed by Ar, N2 and He. The foreign-gas broadening, narrowing and pressure-shift parameters were determined from various lineshape models at pressures from 1 to 100 kPa. The measured N2-broadening coefficients are the largest among the three perturbers and the measured N2- and Ar-pressure-shift coefficients are both negative while that for He is positive. The nonlinear pressure dependence of the velocity-changing rates for the Galatry and Rautian profiles and the speed-dependent coefficients for Speed-dependent Voigt profile were all observed for the 6 binary systems. The measured velocity-changing rates were all larger than the corresponding dynamic friction coefficients in H2O-Ar/N2/He while smaller than those in CO-Ar/N2/He. The narrowing parameters were also retrieved and compared by taking both the Dicke narrowing and speed dependent effects into account. The partially Correlated quadratic Speed-dependent Hard-Collision profile was simulated and fit by the other simplified profiles to further validate the nonlinear behaviour of the narrowing parameters, which is consistent with the measured results.

Clinical Trials Supporting the Role of the IL-17/IL-23 Axis in Axial Spondyloarthritis.

The term spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of inflammatory musculoskeletal diseases with several common genetic background and clinical features, including the possible involvement of the axial skeleton with peripheral mono- or oligo- arthritis and frequently coexisting skin, eye and intestinal manifestations. When the sacroiliac joints or other parts of the spine or thoracic wall are predominantly affected at magnetic resonance or X-ray imaging with inflammatory back pain, the disease is classified as axial SpA and the therapeutic choices are significantly different compared to cases of peripheral arthritis. Moving from the narrow effectiveness and safety profiles of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, there has been a significant research effort aimed at identifying new treatments based on our better understanding of the pathogenesis of SpA. Indeed, in parallel with the solid data demonstrating that IL-17 and IL-23 are key cytokines in the development of enthesitis and spondylitis, monoclonal antibodies interfering with this pathway have been developed for the treatment of axial SpA. Furthermore, the IL-17/IL-23 axis is key to extra-articular manifestations such as inflammatory bowel disease, uveitis, and psoriasis which are frequent comorbidities of SpA. Currently available drugs act through these mechanisms recognizing IL-23 and targeting IL-17, such as secukinumab and ixekizumab. These therapeutic approaches are now envisioned in the international treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis with an axial phenotype as well as for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We will provide herein a concise comprehensive overview of the clinical evidence supporting the use of these and other drugs acting on IL-23 and IL-17 in axial SpA.

Numerical simulation of hydraulic transients in hydropower station with complicated water conveyance system

With the construction of Jinping II hydropower station with extra-large diversion tunnel, Baihetan hydropower station with complicated tailwater system, Yangfanggou hydropower station with complicated surge chamber, High requirements are put forward for the calculation and analysis of hydraulic transient process. In the water transmission and power generation system design of these projects, the following technical problems was solved by Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited: simulation of variable impedance coefficient of differential surge chamber, interface tracking analysis of free-surface-pressure flow system, narrow upper chamber open channel effect and simulation of trigeminy surge chamber. The solutions to those technical problems and were summarized, and the hydraulic transients simulation and calculation software of complex waterway system - Hysim was developed. Based on the field test of Jinping II Hydropower Station, Baihetan hydropower station and Yangfanggou hydropower station, the simulation calculations were carried out. The accuracy of the hydraulic transients simulation software is verified by comparing the inversion results with the test values.