Narrow Cross Section Research Articles

Simultaneous enhancement of quantum cutting luminescence in Er-doped NaBaPO4 phosphors by crystal field control and plasmonic modulation

It is of great significance to enhance the quantum-cutting (QC) luminescence for practical applications due to the narrow absorption cross-section and low luminescence efficiency of rare earth ions. In this work, NaBaPO4:Er3+ phosphors doped with Li+ were synthesized through a solid-state reaction. The QC luminescence of NaBaPO4:Er3+ phosphor was enhanced 5.71 times by doping Li+. XRD patterns and Judd-Ofelt calculations demonstrated the crystal field distortion when introduced Li+, which would increase the transition probability of Er3+. Furthermore, NaBaPO4:Er3+, Li+ phosphors were decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The effect of Ag NPs on QC luminescence was studied, and the results showed that QC luminescence was further enhanced up to 1.95 times by Ag NPs. FDTD simulations revealed that Ag NPs generated substantial surface plasmons, which would boost the excitation rate of Er3+. Our studies would provide a useful strategy to enhance QC luminescence, which has potential application in germanium-based solar cells.

A dromaeosaurid-like claw from the Upper Cretaceous of southern France

ABSTRACT Dromaeosaurids are poorly known in Europe and their fossil records are mostly postcranial remains. To date, the French faunal records of the family Dromaeosauridae include two taxa: Pyroraptor olympius and Variraptor mechinorum. Nevertheless, their taxonomic validity and phylogenetic relationships as dromaeosaurids are controversial. Here, we report a new record of a dromaeosaurid-like pedal ungual from the ‘Grès à Reptiles’ Formation (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of the Upper Cretaceous of southern France. The French specimen was assigned to cf. Dromaeosauridae on the basis of an extensive qualitative analysis. The new specimen has a strongly curved morphology with a tall, narrow cross-section, which is one of the most characteristic anatomical features of the family. Direct comparison reveals that the claw is similar to that of Pyroraptor olympius (MNHN BO001) from a stratigraphically correlated locality.

Mechanical Performance of Three-Dimensional Printed Lattice Structures: Assembled Versus Direct Print.

Lattice structures are composed of a collection of struts with different orientations. During slicing, the inclined struts generate multiple disjoint contours along the build direction in additive manufacturing (AM). These contours are substantially smaller in size due to the narrow cross-section of the individual lattice struts, and they can lead to contour plurality in AM processes. Contour plurality reduces the amount of continuous contact region between two successive layers, thus resulting in poor interlayer adhesion, structural integrity, and mechanical properties of the printed lattice structure. A new interlocking and assemble-based lattice structure building approach is investigated by increasing continuity in layers and avoiding support structure to minimize contour plurality. Two lattice configurations in the form of cubic and octet lattice structures are examined. The compressive performance of the designed lattice structures is compared with the traditional single-build direct three-dimensional printed lattice structures. The mechanical performance (e.g., peak stress, specific energy absorption) of the assembled structures is found to be generally better than their direct print counterparts. The empirical constants of Ashby-Gibson power law are found to be larger than their suggested values in both direct print and assembly techniques. However, their values are more compliant for octet assembled structures, which are less susceptible to manufacturing imperfections.

A process optimization of additive layer manufacturing processes for the production of polymer composite-based components

The way additive layer manufacturing works is that materials are added in layers to create components. Every layer represents a narrow cross section of the component generated from the CAD data file. Each layer in ALM must have a defined part thickness, and the final part will be an estimate of the actual data. The last element will be the thinner surface of each layer that is formed. Modern and sophisticated ALM machines operate on a layer-based philosophy and methodology, which differs from traditional processes in terms of the materials utilised in component manufacture, the final layers formed, and how the layers are bonded to one another. These margins will look at things like the end part's correctness, as well as its material and mechanical qualities. We will determine several criteria in this study, such as how quickly the part can be manufactured utilising various ALM procedures. We also explore the beginnings of additive layer manufacturing and introduce the basic notion of additive layer manufacturing in this work. It will also go over the design process for additive layer manufacturing as well as the whole production of polymer composite based components tools. For functional engineering environments, polymer material is commonly employed to create hard and robust plastic parts. This material is extremely long-lasting, and it can be made or even welded if necessary. A minor change in the characteristics of the same material can make a big difference. ALM can be helpful at this point since it allows the designer to create a tangible model of the product to show its use and functions.

Local thermal non-equilibrium conjugate forced convection and entropy generation in an aircraft cabin with air channel partially filled porous insulation

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to numerically investigate heat transfer and entropy generation between airframe and cabin-cargo departments in an aircraft. The conjugate forced convection and entropy generation in a cylindrical cavity within air channel partly filled with porous insulation material as simplified geometry for airframe and cabin-cargo departments are considered under local thermal non-equilibrium condition.Design/methodology/approachThe non-dimensional governing equations for fluid and porous media discretized by finite volume method are solved using the SIMPLE algorithm with pressure and velocity correction.FindingsThe effects of the following parameters on the problem are investigated; Reynolds number, Darcy number, the size of inlet and exit cross-section, thermal conductivity ratio for solid and fluid phases, angle between the vertical symmetry axis and the end of channel wall exit and the gap between adiabatic channel wall and horizontal adiabatic wall separating cabin and cargo sections.Originality/valueThis paper can provide a basic perspective and framework for thermal design between the fuselage and cabin-cargo sections. The minimum total entropy generation number is calculated for various Reynolds numbers and thermal conductivity ratios. It is observed that the channel wall temperature increases for high Reynolds number, low Darcy number, narrower exit cross-section and wider the gap between channel wall and horizontal.

Numerical Study of Joule Heating Effects on Microfluidics Device Reliability in Electrode Based Devices.

In electrode-based microfluidic devices, micro channels having narrow cross sections generate undesirable temperature inside the microfluidic device causing strong thermal distribution (joule heating) that eventually leads to device damage or cell loss. In this work, we investigate the effects of joule heating due to different electrode configuration and found that, electrodes with triangular arrangements produce less heating effect even at applied potential of 30 V, without compromising the performance of the device and separation efficiency. However, certain electrode materials have low thermal gradients but erode the channel quickly thereby affecting the reliability of the device. Our simulation also predicts optimal medium conductivity (10 mS/m with 10 V) for cells to survive inside the channel until they are selectively isolated into the collection outlet. Our investigations will aid the researchers in the designing of efficient and reliable microfluidic devices to overcome joule heating inside the microchannels.

The Effect of Inclination on Natural Convective Heat Transfer from a Slender Cuboid

A numerical study was undertaken of the naturally occurring laminar convective heat transfer from a slender cuboid with a relatively narrow cross-section (square) and an exposed top surface. The cuboid was perpendicularly placed on an adiabatic flat base plate and two types of surface boundary conditions were considered. The slender cuboid was inclined relative to the vertical axis at angles ranging from 0 to 180 degrees. The flow was considered symmetrical along the vertical axis of the slender cuboid. The equations governing the system were numerically solved in terms of dimensionless variables using FLUENT software. From the results obtained, mean Nusselt numbers over the slender cuboid were calculated using parameters such as: the Rayleigh number for heat flux, Ra*; the Rayleigh number, Ra; the slender cuboid dimensionless width, i.e., the ratio of the width to the height of the heated slender cuboid, W = w/h; and the position of the slender cuboid relative to the vertical, φ. Simulation results were produced for the boundary conditions of constant temperature, constant heat flux, and for Pr = 0.7. The effects of these parameters on the mean Nusselt number for the combined and for the individual surfaces of the slender cuboid are presented and the mean Nusselt numbers are correlated.

Effect of Discrete Ribs on Heat Transfer and Friction Inside Narrow Rectangular Cross Section Cooling Passage of Gas Turbine Blade

The performance of a gas turbine during the service life can be enhanced by cooling the turbine blades efficiently. The objective of this study is to achieve high thermohydraulic performance (THP) inside a cooling passage of a turbine blade having aspect ratio (AR) 1:5 by using discrete W and V-shaped ribs. Hydraulic diameter (Dh) of the cooling passage is 50 mm. Ribs are positioned facing downstream with angle-of-attack (α) of 30° and 45° for discrete W-ribs and discerte V-ribs respectively. The rib profiles with rib height to hydraulic diameter ratio (e/Dh) or blockage ratio 0.06 and pitch (P) 36 mm are tested for Reynolds number (Re) range 30000-75000. Analysis reveals that, area averaged Nusselt numbers of the rib profiles are comparable, with maximum difference of 6% at Re 30000, which is within the limits of uncertainty. Variation of local heat transfer coefficients along the stream exhibited a saw tooth profile, with discrete W-ribs exhibiting higher variations. Along spanwise direction, discrete V-ribs showed larger variations. Maximum variation in local heat transfer coefficients is estimated to be 25%. For experimented Re range, friction loss for discrete W-ribs is higher than discrete-V ribs. Rib profiles exhibited superior heat transfer capabilities. The best Nu/Nuo achieved for discrete Vribs is 3.4 and discrete W-ribs is 3.6. In view of superior heat transfer capabilities, ribs can be deployed in cooling passages near the leading edge, where the temperatures are very high. The best THPo achieved is 3.2 for discrete V-ribs and 3 for discrete W-ribs at Re 30000. The ribs can also enhance the power-toweight ratio as they can produce high thermohydraulic performances for low blockage ratios.

The Finite-Element with Discontiguous-Support Method

Energy discretization of the transport equation is difficult due to numerous strong, narrow cross-section (XS) resonances. The standard traditional multigroup (MG) method can be sensitive to approximations in the weighting spectrum chosen for XS averaging, which can lead to inaccurate treatment of important phenomena such as self-shielding. We generalize the concept of a group to a discontiguous range of energies to create the Finite-Element with Discontiguous-Support (FEDS) method. FEDS uses clustering algorithms from machine learning to determine optimal definitions of discontiguous groups. By combining parts of multiple resonances into the same group, FEDS can accurately treat resonance behavior even when the number of groups is orders of magnitude smaller than the number of resonances. In this paper, we introduce the theory of the FEDS method and describe the workflow needed to use FEDS, noting that ordinary MG codes can use FEDS XSs without modification, provided these codes can handle upscattering. This allows existing MG codes to produce FEDS solutions. In the context of light water reactors, we investigate properties of FEDS XSs compared to MG XSs and compare -eigenvalue and reaction rate quantities of interest to continuous-energy Monte Carlo, showing that FEDS provides higher accuracy and less cancellation of error than MG with expert-chosen group structures.

Effect of amino acid composition of elastin-like polypeptide nanoparticles on nonspecific protein adsorption, macrophage cell viability and phagocytosis.

Development of elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) biomaterials is widespread, but information critical for clinical deployment is limited, with biocompatibility studies focused on a narrow cross-section of ELP sequences. Macrophages can impair biomaterial systems by degrading or isolating the biomaterial and by activating additional immune functions. Their phagocytic response will reveal early immune biocompatibility of ELP nanoparticles (NPs). This study examines that response, induced by the adsorbed protein corona, as a function of ELP guest amino acid, chain length and NP diameter. The breadth of proteins adsorbed to ELP NPs varied, with valine-containing ELP NPs adsorbing fewer types of proteins than leucine-containing constructs. Particle diameter was also a factor, with smaller leucine-containing ELP NPs adsorbing the broadest range of proteins. Macrophage viability was unaffected by the ELP NPs, and their phagocytic capabilities were unimpeded except when incubated with a 500 nm valine-containing 40-mer. This NP significantly decreased the phagocytic capacity of macrophages relative to the control and to a corresponding 500 nm leucine-containing 40-mer. NP size and the proportion of opsonin to dysopsonin proteins likely influenced this outcome. These results suggest that certain combinations of ELP sequence and particle size can result in an adsorbed protein corona, which may hinder macrophage function.

Experimental study of through diaphragm bolted joint between H-beam to CFST column

To avoid the welding difficulties commonly encountered in traditional inner diaphragm joint, the excessive space occupancy of external diaphragm joint and the exposed corner in door caused by the large cross-section width of the column, two types of through diaphragm bolted joints (TDBJs) with narrow cross-section CFST column were proposed. The structural details, assembly process, design principle, theoretical assumptions of the two TDBJs were reported. Two vertical through diaphragm bolted joints (V-TDBJs) and two horizontal through diaphragm bolted joints (H-TDBJs) specimens were designed for the monotonic and hysteretic loading tests, and the ductility, rotation capacity, hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, energy dissipation capacity of the two TDBJs were studied based on the experimental results, and it is showed that the two proposed TDBJs both have the merits of excellent bearing capacity, appreciable ductility, stable and effective hysteretic performance and energy dissipation capacity and ease of fabrication. All the tested specimens can be classified as semi-rigid joints and the loading processes of the two TDBJs can be divided into elastic stage, sliding stage, hardening stage and failure stage.

Selectively excited bimodal interferometer for highly sensitive refractive index sensing

A selectively excited bimodal interferometer was developed for highly sensitive detection of refractive index changes. Numerical simulation revealed that multimode waveguides with tall, narrow cross-sections are suitable for realizing a highly sensitive bimodal (fundamental and lateral first-order modes) interferometer, owing to deeper penetration of the lateral first-order mode through its side surfaces into the cladding medium. A device with an optimum design was determined by simulation and fabricated by electron-beam lithography using a negative photoresist as the material for the waveguide core. The detection of glucose was demonstrated, and the sensitivity and detection limit was found to be 2547 rad / RIU (RIU—refractive index unit) and 9.8 × 10 − 6 RIU, respectively.

Multi-omic molecular profiling reveals potentially targetable abnormalities shared across multiple histologies of brain metastasis.

The deadly complication of brain metastasis (BM) is largely confined to a relatively narrow cross-section of systemic malignancies, suggesting a fundamental role for biological mechanisms shared across commonly brain metastatic tumor types. To identify and characterize such mechanisms, we performed genomic, transcriptional, and proteomic profiling using whole-exome sequencing, mRNA-seq, and reverse-phase protein array analysis in a cohort of the lung, breast, and renal cell carcinomas consisting of BM and patient-matched primary or extracranial metastatic tissues. While no specific genomic alterations were associated with BM, correlations with impaired cellular immunity, upregulated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and canonical oncogenic signaling pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, were apparent across multiple tumor histologies. Multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis confirmed significant T cell depletion in BM, indicative of a fundamentally altered immune microenvironment. Moreover, functional studies using in vitro and in vivo modeling demonstrated heightened oxidative metabolism in BM along with sensitivity to OXPHOS inhibition in murine BM models and brain metastatic derivatives relative to isogenic parentals. These findings demonstrate that pathophysiological rewiring of oncogenic signaling, cellular metabolism, and immune microenvironment broadly characterizes BM. Further clarification of this biology will likely reveal promising targets for therapeutic development against BM arising from a broad variety of systemic cancers.

Математичне моделювання режимів запирання при кавітаційних автоколиваннях у гідравлічних системах з кавітуючими насосами РРД

As known from the study of cavity flows in fixed channels (Venturi tube), with decreasing channel outlet pressure there comes a point where the flow rate ceases to increase. To increase the flow rate, the inlet pressure must be increased. This phenomenon of flow rate limitation at a fixed inlet pressure is due to a critical regime of cavity flow at the narrowest cross-section and is termed choking. Impeller pumps also exhibit choking regimes described by the so-called chocking characteristic, which relates the critical pump flow rate to the inlet pressure. This work is aimed at extending a hydrodynamic model of cavitating pumps of liquid-propellant rocket engines (LPREs) by including a mathematical simulation of chocking regimes. A mechanism of realization of the chocking process in pumps is proposed. The mechanism is as follows. When the parameter oscillation amplitudes are high enough, the inlet flow rate and pressure computed at integration step i may be in the inadmissible range, i.e., below the chocking regime characteristic. In this case, the flow rate and the pressure must be refined. It is found that the computed decrease in the cavitation self-oscillation frequency in comparison with the eigenfrequency of a hydraulic system with a cavitating pump is close to its experimental value in the case where the inlet flow rate and pressure are assumed to be coordinates of the point of intersection of the choking characteristic and the line that connects the values of the pump inlet flow rate and pressure computed at integration steps i-1 and i. It is shown that the LPRE pump choking characteristic is a specific nonlinearity associated with the critical cavity flow in the pump and may manifest itself at high parameter oscillation amplitudes. It is found that the choking characteristic of an LPRE pump affects the cavitation oscillation parameters to a greater extent than the cavity volume vs. pump inlet pressure and flow rate relationship does and is the governing nonlinearity in the pump system in choking.

Hardening model of anisotropic sheet metal during the diffuse instability necking stage of uniaxial tension

In order to determine the stress–strain response in the diffuse necking for low carbon steels, the evolution of the diffuse necking region and the distributions of stress and strain in the narrowest cross-section are analyzed comprehensively based on 3D-DIC and FE simulation. Three parabolic functions are adopted to simplify the diffuse necking deformation: the shape of the necking region is parabolic, the distributions of stress and strain in the narrowest cross-section are also parabolic. A hardening model for solving the uniaxial tensile true stress and strain in the diffuse necking is established. Uniaxial tensile tests of four kinds of low carbon steel sheets and three typical anisotropic directions have been carried out to verify the reliability of the developed model. The numerical simulation results show that the uniaxial tensile load–elongation curves based on the hardening model are in good agreement with the experimental results, with an error of less than 1.3%. The true stress and strain in the diffuse necking can be determined easily by interpreting the tensile curve and measuring the shape of necking region. It avoids the difficulty and time-consuming of the inverse methods. This study can provide a valuable reference for establishing theoretical models to acquire true stress–strain curves over large range of strains for anisotropic sheet metals.

ANALISIS DAMPAK NORMALISASI SUNGAI TERHADAP EROSI DAN SEDIMENTASI DI DAERAH PERKOTAAN STUDI KASUS: SUNGAI PESANGGRAHAN, JAKARTA

Flooding is one of the problems that often occurs in the DKI Jakarta area, which one of the causes is the change of land use in watersheds that were originally into development areas. Whereas, its often the cross section of the river will be disrupted due to the loss of the riverbanks and the narrower cross section of the river. In order to overcome this, the Jakarta Provincial Government in 2013 normalized several rivers that crossed the DKI Province and one of them was the Pesanggrahan River which will be further investigated. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of river normalization on erosion and sedimentation which will result in changes in the longitudinal and cross section of the river. To get an accurate map of theWatershed Area, Arc-GIS software is used while identification of river flow before and after normalization was carried out based on data from Central Office of River Region Ciliwung-Cisadane, Ministry of Public Works. Sediment samples were taken at 3 points on the river, upstream, middle and downstream, that were reviewed to determine the gradation of the sediment grains. The HEC-RAS application is used to simulate sediment transport on the river section before and after normalization. The simulation results are used to determine the cross section changes due to erosion and sedimentation and to determine the water level in the river. From the water level, the hydraulic radius can be calculated and then carried out sediment transport calculation using Ackers-White equation since the equation using grain distribution from range 0.02 – 4.94 mm. The results it was found that the sediment transport in the upstream point increased 155.11 tons / year,at the midpoint increased 89.64 tons / year and the downstream point decreased 0.28 tons / year.

Peridynamic micromechanical modeling of plastic deformation and progressive damage prediction in dual-phase materials

In this study, a state-based Peridynamic (PD) microstructure model is developed to simulate the damage initiation and propagation and plastic deformation in multi-phase materials. The dual-phase (DP) steel is utilized as a material example. A two-dimensional PD model is developed to predict the response of three representative volume elements (RVEs) under tension static loading. RVEs are extracted from Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images by image processing. Von Mises yield criterion with hardening is used to model plastic deformation. Failure criteria are achieved by relating PD total work needed for eliminating the interactions to the critical energy release rate. A new approach is also proposed for boundary conditions and assigning interface region properties. The failure mechanisms such as martensite cracking, ferrite, and martensite interface decohesion, are captured in the analyses. It is also found that damage initiation occurs in narrow cross-section of martensite grains, ferrite/martensite interfaces, and trapped ferrite phases. The predicted deformations, stress-strain curves, and damage patterns are also compared with the available experimental results. It is shown that the achieved results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Numerical simulations and experimental measurements on flow features in a patient-specific upper airway model with obstructive sleep apnea

In this article, the turbulent flow features in a patient-specific upper airway model with obstructive sleep apnea before and after surgery are numerically and experimentally studied by applying the large eddy simulation and laser Doppler anemometry. Two three-dimensional anatomically accurate numerical models are reconstructed based on the CT-scan of one severe obstructive sleep apnea patient for both pre- and post-surgery. Two experimental models of the same upper airway are established by using the three-dimensional printing technique according to the numerical models. The first direct comparison of flow velocity profiles between measurement and simulation at different locations and cross-sections is conducted in two upper airway models. The simulated result indicates that the especially large axial velocity and negative pressure appear in the narrowest cross-section before surgery, but they either reduce or vanish after surgery. Both measurement and simulation can capture the “pharyngeal jet” flow and the reversed flow in two upper airway models, and the agreement between the measured and calculated velocity profiles at different locations and cross-sections is excellent, which gives us great confidence that the large eddy simulation can be a reliable method for predicting the flow features associated with obstructive sleep apnea airway. Although this work represents significant advance, there still exists some limitations, such as the discrepancies between measurement and simulation in the interface of main stream velocity and reverse velocity due to the flow complexity, in the reversed flow region owing to the uncertainty of laser Doppler anemometry measurement at low velocity range, and the incapability of capturing flow near the wall due to the intrinsic feature of laser Doppler anemometry measurement. Besides, it is very difficult to find the corresponding locations exactly between experimental and numerical models, which could also cause the deviation between experiment and simulation.

Active Temporal Control of Radiative Heat Transfer with Graphene Nanodisks

The ability to dynamically control the radiative transfer of heat at the nanoscale holds the key to the development of a diverse number of technologies, ranging from nanoscale thermal-management systems to improved thermophotovoltaic devices. Recently, graphene has emerged as an ideal material to achieve this goal, since it can be electrically doped to support surface plasmons, collective oscillations of the conduction electrons. These resonances produce large and spectrally narrow optical cross sections, which dictate the emission and absorption properties of the graphene nanostructure and, thus, the heat that it radiatively exchanges with other objects and the environment. For attainable levels of doping, the plasmons supported by graphene nanostructures naturally lie in the midinfrared part of the spectrum, which is the most relevant wavelength range for radiative heat transfer under realistic temperatures. Furthermore, these resonances are actively tunable, thus providing full dynamic control over the heat transfer. Motivated by this great potential, we present a comprehensive analysis of the temporal evolution of the radiative heat transfer between arrangements of graphene nanodisks, showing that it is possible to exploit the tunability of these structures to obtain actively controlled heat transfer scenarios not possible with conventional passive nanostructures. The results of this work provide a framework for achieving fully dynamical control over nanoscale radiative heat transfer and thus provide fundamental insights into this process.

Computed tomography-based bronchial tree three-dimensional reconstruction and airway resistance evaluation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

To investigate airway development and airway resistance by computed tomographic three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the bronchial tree in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). We evaluated factors predicting postoperative respiratory complications to provide timely treatment, prevent complications, and improve operative and anesthetic safety. From August 2015 to August 2017, 53 AIS patients with a mean age of 15.4years (range 10-20years) were included in this study. Scoliotic parameters on radiographs were analyzed. Airway resistance was obtained by pulmonary function testing. All patients' pulmonary bronchial trees were 3D-reconstructed via chest thin layer computed tomography to explore the correlation between the spinal-thoracic deformity parameters and airway resistance. Correlations between scoliotic parameters and airway development parameters were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The scoliotic parameters such as Cobb angle, apical vertebral translation, rotation angle to sagittal plane, rotation angle to middle line, and apical vertebral body-rib ratio (AVB-R) were positively correlated with tracheal bifurcation angle (R2: 0.429, 0.374, 0.430, 0.504, and 0.414, respectively; P < 0.05). Cobb angle, rib hump, and apical vertebral body-rib ratio (AVB-R) were positively correlated with left principal bronchus length to right principal bronchus length (PBL-R) (R2: 0.373, 0.503, and 0.377, respectively; P < 0.05). Superficial area of bronchial tree (SABT) and narrow cross section of trachea (NCT) were negatively correlated with plethysmography Pre-Ref resistance ratio (Pre/Ref) (R2: - 0.365 and - 0.452, respectively; P < 0.05). SABT and NCT were negatively correlated with respiratory impedance (Zrs) (R2: - 0.327 and - 0.436, respectively; P < 0.05). Pulmonary bronchial development in patients with AIS is affected by spinal-thoracic deformity. Comprehensive assessment of preoperative pulmonary function, especially airway resistance, is necessary in patients with AIS whether the thoracic scoliosis is severe or mild-to-moderate. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.