Phototherapy Research Articles

Cisplatin Encapsulated Plasmonic Blackbodies for NIR Light Activatable Chemo-Phototherapy and Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is an FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drug used for treating various solid tumors. Despite of its effectiveness towards chemotherapy, it faces several challenges, such as multi-drug resistance (MDR) and significant damage to the normal tissues. To address these challenges, various nanoformulations were developed to improve the delivery and safety of CDDP. One of the limitation in these CDDP loaded nanoformulations is that the effective CDDP loading concentrations are very poor. Therefore, this leaves a grand challenge to develop an effective strategy to carry higher concentrations of CDDP molecules, and also simultaneously exhibit very unique properties. Herein, we have developed an one-pot synthesis of Cisplatin encapsulated Plasmonic blackbody (CiP), which offers a double play for near infrared (NIR) light activatable chemo-photothermal therapy in destructing cancer cells as well as mediate catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The CiP nanoformulation exhibits superior light absorbing capabilities in the NIR region with an appreciable photothermal conversion efficiency of 41 %. Further, NIR light activatable combinatorial therapeutic approach of CiP was demonstrated against ovarian cancer cells and as a catalyst for the reduction of model pollutant 4-nitrophenol. Our findings highlight the potential of CiP as a versatile platform for light-activated combinatorial cancer therapy and environmental pollutant remediation.

A Double-Blind Study on the Effectiveness of Polarized Light Therapy in the Treatment of Venous leg Ulcers-Pilot Study.

Vein diseases are one of the most common civilization diseases. The most advanced form chronic venous insufficiency are venous leg ulcers. The study included 40 patients, 20 male (50%) and 20 female (50%) in age between 52 and 88 years (mean age: 68.00 ± 8.55 years) with venous leg ulcers lasting 12.50 ± 5.45 months. Patients were distributed randomly in a double-blind study into two equal groups including 20 patients each (group 1-polarized light therapy and group 2-sham exposure). Patients from both groups received routine pharmacological treatment, specialistic medical dressings and compression therapy. In addition, patients were exposed to a cycle of polarized light therapy procedures or to sham exposures (30 procedures performed in two series of 15 procedures). Wound surface area was evaluated by computerized planimetry and pain intensity was assessed with the use of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after therapy (2.5 months). The analysis showed a statistically significant reduction of surface ulcers area between groups 1 and 2. The median (IQR) size of wounds in group 1 was 2.4 (1.95-2.9) cm2, in group 2; 2.8 (2.6-3.1) cm2 (p = 0.038). The level of pain (VAS) after treatment was assessed in group 1, median (IQR): 2 (2-3) points, in group 2 4.5 (4-5) points; and the observed difference was also statistically significant (p < 0.001). In group 1, after treatment, the area of ulcers decreased-median (IQR): 33.05 (28.7-41.48) %, in group 2 by 18.99 (15-24.4) % (p < 0.001). In group 1, the pain intensity measured using the VAS scale decreased with a median (IQR): 71.42 (61.25-71.42) %, in group 2: 37.5 (28.57-50) % (p < 0.001). Complex therapy with polarized light therapy added to standard care was more effective than standard care alone in reducing of ulcers surface area and intensity of pain ailments in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers.

Ocean exploration-oriented temperature and salinity sensor based on bend-insensitive microfiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer

Ocean exploration-oriented temperature and salinity (TS) sensor based on bend-insensitive microfiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MMZI) is proposed and demonstrated in a marine environment. To solve the demodulation problem induced by the narrow waveband of the spectrometer used in the sea trial, a MMZI sensor is calibrated and demodulated by machine learning method. Results show that even if the wavelength range used in demodulation is as small as tens of nanometers, a relatively accurate demodulation can still be achieved. Then a sea trial is performed based on the design of the test system on board. Compared with commercial conductivity-temperature-depth systems, mean relative errors of 2.28% and 2.29% for TS measurement are obtained. In addition, the influence of spectral range on the demodulation result and response of the spectrum to fiber bending is discussed. Repeatability and stability of the sensor are proved in repeated sea trials. The sensor demonstrated here provides a new optical method for measuring TS in seawater with the advantages of multi-parameter measurement, low cost, easy deployment, and high accuracy, which will hopefully become a useful complement to the existing electrical method used in ocean exploration.

Environmental Bright Light Exposure, Depression Symptoms, and Sleep Regularity

This cross-sectional study examines the associations between bright light therapy, sleep regularity, and depression symptoms among adults in the US.

Magnetic-guided nanocarriers for ionizing/non-ionizing radiation synergistic treatment against triple-negative breast cancer

BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with the worst prognosis. Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the core modalities for the disease; however, the ionizing radiation of RT has severe side effects. The consistent development direction of RT is to achieve better therapeutic effect with lower radiation dose. Studies have demonstrated that synergistic effects can be achieved by combining RT with non-ionizing radiation therapies such as light and magnetic therapy, thereby achieving the goal of dose reduction and efficacy enhancement.MethodsIn this study, we applied FeCo NPs with magneto thermal function and phototherapeutic agent IR-780 to construct an ionizing and non-ionizing radiation synergistic nanoparticle (INS NPs). INS NPs are first subjected to morphology, size, colloidal stability, loading capacity, and photothermal conversion tests. Subsequently, the cell inhibitory and cellular internalization were evaluated using cell lines in vitro. Following comprehensive assessment of the NPs’ in vivo biocompatibility, tumor-bearing mouse model was established to evaluate their distribution, targeted delivery, and anti-tumor effects in vivo.ResultsINS NPs have a saturation magnetization exceeding 72 emu/g, a hydrodynamic particle size of approximately 40 nm, a negatively charged surface, and good colloidal stability and encapsulation properties. INS NPs maintain the spectral characteristics of IR-780 at 808 nm. Under laser irradiation, the maximum temperature was 92 °C, INS NPs also achieved the effective heat temperature in vivo. Both in vivo and in vitro tests have proven that INS NPs have good biocompatibility. INS NPs remained effective for more than a week after one injection in vivo, and can also be guided and accumulated in tumors through permanent magnets. Later, the results exhibited that under low-dose RT and laser irradiation, the combined intervention group showed significant synergetic effects, and the ROS production rate was much higher than that of the RT and phototherapy-treated groups. In the mice model, 60% of the tumors were completely eradicated.ConclusionsINS NPs effectively overcome many shortcomings of RT for TNBC and provide experimental basis for the development of novel clinical treatment methods for TNBC.

A randomized controlled trial to assess if changing sleep timing can improve glucose metabolism in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

BackgroundSocial jetlag is a chronic disruption of sleep timing that is characterized by different sleep timing during workdays and free days. Social jetlag has been associated with disturbed glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and increased risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aim to investigate whether a combination of bright light therapy in the morning, bright light reduction in the evening and sleep advance instructions for 3 weeks reduces social jetlag and if this results in improvement of glycemic and metabolic control, sleep, mood and quality of life after 3 and 12 weeks in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes and to assess possible mediators, compared to regular sleep habits.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 60 people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes with > 1 h social jetlag will be recruited. The intervention consists of bright light therapy (5000 lx) emitted by Vitamine-L (Lumie, UK) for 30 min each morning, combined with the advice to follow sleep advance instructions and to wear bright light-dimming goggles every evening for a period of 3 weeks. The control group adheres to their regular sleep habits and conditions. The primary outcome is glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after 12 weeks comparing the intervention and control in an intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary outcomes at 3 and 12 weeks are (1) social jetlag; (2) insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose, glucose-lowering medication use, and frequency of perceived hypoglycemia; (3) metabolic outcomes, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage, and blood pressure; (4) mood, including depression, fatigue and anxiety (measured with questionnaires); and (5) quality of life measured using EQ5D questionnaire. To assess other factors that might play a role as possible mediators, we will measure (para)sympathetic nervous system activity assessed with ECGs and electrochemical skin conductance tests, sleep quality and sleep phase distribution assessed with a sleep measuring headband (ZMax), the Dim Light Melatonin Onset in saliva samples (in a subgroup) at 3 and 12 weeks, the feeling of satiety and satiation with a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS), diet using a food frequency questionnaire, and physical activity using an accelerometer (ActiGraph).DiscussionSocial jetlag can contribute to poorer glycemic control and metabolic control in those with type 2 diabetes. With this intervention, we aim to reduce social jetlag and thereby improve glycemic and metabolic control. This could offer a way to improve overall population health and to reduce the disease burden of type 2 diabetes.Trial registrationISRCTN registry ISRCTN11967109. Registered on 9 May 2024.

Topical Treatment and Aesthetic Procedures in Management of Acne Vulgaris

Acne vulgaris is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting up to 80% of young adults and adolescents. The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial and involves the pilosebaceous units of the skin. As a result of the disease process, skin lesions such as open and closed comedones, nodules, pustules, and papules appear on the skin. In recent years, acne has been increasingly observed in younger patients, which is associated with the earlier onset of puberty. Moreover, acne is increasingly diagnosed in individuals over 20 years of age, particularly in women, which is referred to as adult female acne (AFA). Effective and rapid implementation of treatment is crucial to prevent complications such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and acne scars, as well as to mitigate the negative psychological impact of the disease on patients. The article discusses both topical treatment and aesthetic medicine procedures in the management of acne vulgaris. Topical treatments include the use of retinoids, antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, clascoterone, dapsone, azelaic acid, and combination therapies. Aesthetic procedures such as chemical peels, microdermabrasion, photodynamic therapy, blue light therapy, and laser therapies can be beneficial as adjunctive treatments. The article also addresses the issue of acne as a comorbid condition in patients seeking aesthetic medicine treatments, even if it is not the primary reason for their visit.

A Systematic Review of Light Therapy on Mental Health on and Beyond Earth

Light can influence human emotional well-being, sleep quality, and circadian rhythms. The application of these qualities in a therapeutic context is currently being explored. Research has been conducted into the effects of light therapy on wound healing, sleep enhancement, stress management, and the improvement of depressive symptoms. Despite the extensive amount of studies in this field, a satisfactory framework for categorizing light therapies has yet to be developed. To address this problem, our research team proposes to categorize light therapy by wavelength (color). The benefit of this categorization is that, while therapeutic applications may evolve, the fundamental properties of light colors remain constant. Categorizing by color supports scientific innovation and maintains consistent categories even as new research emerges. On the other hand, light therapy’s potential is undermined. Light therapy is characterized by its affordability, durability, consistency, and minimal side effects. While light therapy is interchangeable with other therapeutic methods in common scenarios, it is specifically suited for environments where all those attributes are essential. Space missions represent one such environment. Space exploration is a major frontier for humanity, yet the mental health and living conditions of astronauts have received limited attention. Space missions present unique environmental challenges to astronauts due to altered light exposure, high-pressure, and isolated living environments. These environmental problems need to be addressed, but the resource-scarce space environment requires a reliable and durable solution. Light therapy’s advantages align well with these constraints. Moreover, its ability to address issues such as disrupted circadian rhythms and psychological stress caused by space environmental problems renders it an optimal intervention for space exploration. This article will examine the therapeutic effects of light therapy, with a particular focus on the ways in which different light colors address various health issues and recent discoveries. The potential of light therapy will be demonstrated through the use of space missions as an illustrative example. Additionally, we will briefly discuss future research directions for light therapy. Our primary objective is to establish an intuitive and stable categorization of light therapy. We will examine the potential of light therapy in unique environments, such as space missions, and discuss how it can address common symptoms experienced during these missions. Our ultimate goal is to fully realize the potential of light therapy in tailored environments and inspire the discovery of other scenarios where light therapy can be equally effective.

Light Therapy in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies.

Background: Due to limitations in treatment strategies for post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), therapeutic options such as light therapy (LT) have garnered some interest in recent years. We aimed to review the effectiveness of LT in patients with PTSD. Methods: Using PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, the Cochrane database, ClinicalTrials.gov, and PTSDpubs, we systematically searched for papers assessing the effect of LT in PTSD. We evaluated the risk of bias of included studies using the Cochrane handbook, and synthesized our findings following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA 2020). Results: From 140 initial papers, we included four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one single-arm study. The study sample size ranged between 15 and 82, the mean age (standard deviation) varied between 31.4 (8.8) and 44.9 (11.8) years, and LT was applied for four or six weeks. The risk of bias was low in three studies, and of some concern in the two other trials. Most studies reported no significant differences between LT and placebo regarding effects on subjective (sleep quality and insomnia severity) and objective sleep parameters. LT was associated with a significant improvement in PTSD symptom severity in the single-arm study and two RCTs, as well as a greater retention of extinction learning. Results on depression and anxiety were discrepant. Conclusions: This review revealed that relevant studies are scarce, with promising findings concerning PTSD symptoms, but inconsistencies for the other parameters. Further research projects are needed to better explore this topic.

Multimodal therapeutic intervention program associated with photobiomodulation therapy for individuals with chronic nonspecific neck pain: protocol for a clinical trial

BackgroundNeck pain is a prevalent global musculoskeletal issue, significantly contributing to the loss of years of healthy life due to disability. Chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNNP) involves diverse symptoms impacting mobility and quality of life. While therapeutic exercises demonstrate efficacy, the role of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the additional effects of PBMT within a multimodal therapeutic intervention for CNNP.MethodsA randomized, two-arm, controlled, blind clinical trial follows CONSORT and SPIRIT guidelines. Participants diagnosed with CNNP will receive a stand-alone multimodal therapeutic intervention or the same program with additional PBMT. The primary outcomes will be assessed by the functional disability identified through applying the NDI (Neck Disability Index). Secondary outcomes will be pain intensity during rest and active neck movement, catastrophizing and kinesiophobia, functionality, and disability assessed at baseline, after 8 weeks, and at a 4-week follow-up. Both groups receive pain education before personalized interventions, including resistance exercises, neuromuscular activities, mobility, and body balance. The PBMT group undergoes low-level light therapy. Intention-to-treat analysis, using linear mixed models, employs data presented as mean, standard deviation, and differences with a 95% confidence interval. Non-normally distributed variables transform. Statistical significance is set at 5%.DiscussionThis study addresses a critical gap in understanding the combined effects of PBMT and therapeutic exercises for CNNP. The findings aim to guide clinicians, researchers, and CNNP sufferers through rigorous methodology and diverse outcome assessments, offering valuable insights into evidence-based practices for CNNP management. Data confidentiality is maintained throughout, ensuring participant privacy during statistical analysis.Trial registrationEffects of adding photobiomodulation to a specific therapeutic exercise program for the treatment of individuals with chronic nonspecific neck pain, registration number: NCT05400473, on 2022-05-27.

THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF PERINATAL DEPRESSION: An integrative review

Perinatal depression can occur during pregnancy and/or in the following year after childbirth, with adverse repercussions for maternal and child health if left untreated. The aim of this study is to characterize the therapeutic strategies found in the literature for the treatment of perinatal depression in women. An integrative literature review was conducted in the Virtual Health Library and Pubmed databases in December 2023, using the following controlled descriptors: depression; depression, postpartum; pregnancy; pregnant women and treatment. The results came to a final sample of 15 articles and revealed that all of them were conducted in high-income countries. The majority of the studies belonged to the quantitative approach (86.67%) and presented five main therapeutic strategies: bright light therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, group music therapy and zuranolone. The review indicated bright light therapy as a promising intervention for perinatal depression, although it requires further studies. It demonstrated the positive impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy in different formats for this period. In postpartum depression, the study showed a favorable outcome for group musical interventions and the use of zuranolone medication for symptom management. It is suggested that future research be carried out using qualitative and qualitative-quantitative approaches, including in countries with limited resources.

Sausage Quality during Storage under the Partial Substitution of Meat with Fermented Oyster Mushrooms.

The increasing global demand for meat production, driven by a rapidly expanding population and changing dietary preferences has prompted the search for protein-rich, sustainable, and healthier meat alternatives. In this context, edible mushrooms are viewed as advantageous substitutes for meat, offering a viable solution. This study aimed to investigate the effects of partially replacing (25% and 50%) pork meat in sausage samples with fermented oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), which were subjected to various pretreatments. Six different pretreatments were applied to fresh oyster mushrooms as follows: blanching in water, steaming, oven-cooking, microwave treatment, high hydrostatic pressure treatment, and ultraviolet light treatment. The effects of mushroom replacement on the moisture, pH, lipid oxidation, color, and textural properties of sausages during the 4-week refrigerated storage period were evaluated. The results revealed that replacing pork meat with fermented oyster mushrooms resulted in an increase in moisture content and b* values and a decrease in pH, L*, a*, and shear force values, proportional to the mushroom percentage. The lipid oxidation findings suggest that the antioxidant capabilities of fermented oyster mushrooms were influenced by the pretreatment methods applied to the mushrooms, exhibiting varying levels of effectiveness.

Management of Glaucoma-Related Dry Eye Disease with Intense Pulsed Light: A Randomized Control Study.

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy in individuals diagnosed with glaucoma and dry eye disease (DED). This randomized control study recruited 22 individuals diagnosed with glaucoma, ranging in age from 33 to 82 years. These participants were undergoing treatment with hypotensive eyedrops and had clinical indications and subjective complaints associated with dry eye. Each patient underwent three sessions of IPL therapy in one eye, while the contralateral eye served as the control eye (CT). The following parameters were assessed at three time points: baseline, week-2, and week-4. These parameters include non-invasive breakup time (NITBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), conjunctivocorneal epithelial staining score (CS), tear film lipid layer (TFLL), meibomian gland expressibility score (MGEx), Schirmer I test, ocular bulbar redness score (OBRS), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI). Intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and corneal endothelial cell count (ECC) were assessed for safety. The clinical trial was registered on 25/12/2023 at ClinicalTrials.gov website (NCT06158984). Comparing baseline and 4-week measurements revealed that the IPL group found significant improvements in NITBUT (IPL: 8.74±2.60 sec. vs CT: 5.76±1.75 sec. p<0.01), TMH (IPL: 0.23±0.05mm vs CT: 0.19±0.06mm, p=0.011), C.S. (IPL: 1.14±0.56 vs CT: 1.95±1.17, p=0.005), TFLL (IPL: 2.91±2.91 vs CT:3.36±0.58, p=0.047), MGEx score (IPL: 1.14±0.35 vs CT: 1.45±0.51, p=0.020) and OSDI scores (IPL: 31.77±15.59 vs 50.59±21.55, p=0.002) significantly improved. Conversely, other parameters showed no significant improvements (p>0.05). The progression of ocular surface disease in individuals using topical anti-glaucoma medication may worsen if the condition is not addressed. Nevertheless, IPL therapy has the potential to result in significant improvements in both objective and subjective measures of dry eye. Best-corrected visual acuity, endothelial cell count, and intraocular pressure were determined to be within the permitted limits. No adverse events were reported during the course of the study.

Modulation of gene expression in skin wound healing by photobiomodulation therapy: A systematic review invivo studies.

Wound healing is a multistep process involving coordinated responses of a variety of cell types, cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components leading to the physiological restoration of tissue integrity. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been highlighted as an approach to improve the healing process, nonetheless at the molecular level, the effects of PBMT are not entirely understood. To systematically review publications that investigated gene expression after PBMT during invivo skin repair. An electronic search was undertaken in Medline Ovid (Wolters Kluwer), PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), Scopus (Elsevier), Embase, and LILACS databases. The search strategy was conducted from the terms: low-level light therapy, gene expression, and wound healing and their synonyms. The databases were consulted in December 2023 and no publication year limit was used. Eleven studies were included in this review and the expression of 186 genes was evaluated. PBMT modified the expression of several targets genes studied, such as down-regulation of genes related to extracellular matrix proteases (MMP2 and MMP9) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL10 and IL6) and up-regulation of DNMT3A and BFGF. This review demonstrates that PBMT is capable of regulating gene expression during wound healing. Most evidence showed a positive impact of PBMT in regulating genes linked to inflammatory cytokines improving skin wound healing. Yet, the effects of PBMT in genes involved in other mechanisms still need to be better understood.

X‐ray‐ultraviolet–visible‐near‐infrared photoresponses realized in a lead‐free hybrid perovskite ferroelectric through light‐induced ferro‐pyro‐phototronic effect

AbstractDue to the built‐in electric field induced by spontaneous polarization in hybrid perovskite (HP) ferroelectrics, the devices based on them exhibit excellent performance in self‐powered photodetection. However, most of the self‐powered photodetector are made of lead‐based HP ferroelectrics and have a relatively narrow photoresponse waveband. Although lead‐free HPs solve the problem of lead toxicity, their optoelectronic performance is inferior to that of lead‐based HPs and photoresponse waveband is limited by its optical band gap, which hinders their further application. To solve this problem, herein, a lead‐free HP ferroelectric (HDA)BiI5 (HDA is hexane‐1,6‐diammonium) with large spontaneous polarization shows an enhanced photocurrent and achieves x‐ray‐ultraviolet–visible‐near‐infrared (x‐ray‐UV–Vis–NIR) photoresponse through the ferro‐pyro‐phototronic (FPP) effect. The ferroelectric, pyroelectric, and photovoltaic characteristics coupled together in a single‐phase (HDA)BiI5 ferroelectric is an effective way to improve the performance of the devices. What is particularly attractive is that the FPP effect not only improves the optoelectronic performance of (HDA)BiI5, but also achieves broadband photoresponses beyond its optical absorption range. Especially, the current boosting with an exceptional contrast of ~1100% and 2400% under 520 and 637 nm, respectively, which is associated with FPP effect. Meanwhile, single crystal self‐powered photodetector based on (HDA)BiI5 also exhibit significant FPP effects even under high‐energy x‐ray, which owns an outstanding sensitivity of 170.7 μC Gy−1 cm−2 and a lower detection limit of 266 nGy s−1 at 0 V bias. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the coupling of multiple physical effects and improve device performance based on lead‐free HP ferroelectrics.image

Light and classical music therapies attenuate chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression via BDNF signaling pathway in mice

Depression, a pervasive mental health issue, often necessitates innovative therapeutic interventions. This study explores the efficacy of music therapy, a non-pharmacological approach, in ameliorating depression symptoms in a murine model. Employing a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model to induce depressionlike behaviors in mice, we investigated the therapeutic potential of four distinct music genres: light, classical, atonal composition, and rock music. Behavioral assessments, including sucrose preference and immobility time, were conducted to evaluate the impact of music therapy. Additionally, we measured the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptic proteins and neurogenesis to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms. Our findings indicated that light and classical music significantly alleviated depression-like behaviors in mice, evidenced by increased sucrose preference and reduced immobility time. Conversely, atonal composition and rock music did not yield similar therapeutic benefits. Biochemically, light and classical music were associated with decreased levels of corticosterone and increased levels of glucocorticoid receptor, alongside enhanced BDNF signaling, synaptic proteins and neurogenesis. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that specific genres of music, notably light and classical music, may contribute to alleviating depression-like symptoms, potentially through mechanisms associated with BDNF signaling and neurogenesis. These results highlight the potential of targeted music therapy as a complementary approach in treating depression, with implications for its incorporation into broader therapeutic regimes. Further re-search is warranted to translate these findings into clinical practice.

Photobiomodulation therapy: Ushering in a new era in personalized supportive cancer care

Abstract The human body can utilize light for a broad range of pathophysiological responses, such as circadian rhythm, Vitamin D metabolism, and vision, among others. The therapeutic use of light has spanned many ancient health practices. Recent advances in using low-dose light therapy, termed photobiomodulation (PBM), have made tremendous progress in unravelling precise biological mechanisms and clinical dosimetry, enabling this treatment modality’s clinical safety and effectiveness. The evidence for PBM has received its strongest endorsement via recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses recommending its routine use to address various acute and chronic side effects associated with cancer treatment. Carefully done studies have noted unequivocal evidence demonstrating its effectiveness in managing oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, chemotherapy, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This brief narrative review will explore the therapeutic benefits of PBM therapy, supported by recent research findings, to provide a comprehensive understanding of its potential in clinical settings. Additionally, the review will highlight our current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying PBM and the importance of novel harmonized dosing that enables its optimal clinical implementation and utilization.

Cross-Over Study Evaluating Photobiomodulation in Pain Control in the Lower Limb.

Introduction Photobiomodulation is an emerging treatment modality in dermatology, with increasing use in doctors' offices. Photobiomodulation is the use of various light sources in the red light (620-700 nm) and near-infrared (700-1440 nm) spectrums as a form of light therapy. Objective The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of photobiomodulation to improve pain in patients who take analgesics daily for chronic non-arterial leg ulcers. Method A cohort trial was performed with 20 patients to evaluate the improvement in pain, patient tolerance to treatment, and evolution of chronic, difficult-to-heal leg ulcers treated with low-frequency laser. Data were entered into a MicrosoftExcel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, US). Statistical analysis used the Stats Direct 3 program with significance being set at an alpha error of 5% (p-value <0.05). Results An improvement in pain immediately after the first session was experienced by 18/20 patients; these patients remained pain-free for at least four days. One patient had suffered much pain during the entire day; a biopsy with culture and antibiogram was performed with the pain improving after treating an infection with appropriate antibiotics. However, one other case reported no improvement in the pain. Conclusion Photobiomodulation is an optional adjuvant therapy to improve pain in the treatment of chronic, difficult-to-heal leg ulcers.

The role of Frequency Modulation in the Magic Light Anti-Cancer Therapy

The role of frequency modulation in the Magic Light anti-cancer therapy was investigated both in theory and in clinical trials. The existence of at least four different optimal modulation frequencies is required for cancer treatment. This was disclosed and is explained by the presence of at least of four different kinds of cancer cells within the same cancer, whereby each cancer cell type has its own speed of proliferation. The application of several different frequencies for cancer treatment in turn, during each treatment session, thus allows the Magic Light therapy to cure any type of cancer faster and completely.

Quantum mechanics principle and other physics principles involved in light and laser therapy

Quantum mechanics principle and other physics principles involved in light and laser therapy