Narrow Sense Research Articles

Correlation of evaluativeness, expressiveness and emotionality

The linguistic category of evaluation is a reflection of the logical category of evaluation, which expresses the subject's attitude to some object or phenomenon. The category of evaluation has points of contact with such phenomena as comparison, as in the evaluative act there is always a correlation with a certain standard, and modality, which, like evaluation, contains such elements as objectivity, subjectivity, and attitude. The distinctive features of the two mentioned categories from the category of evaluation are the absence of an axiological conclusion in the comparison and the limitation of the expression of modality to the level of the sentence, while evaluation can be expressed by elements of all linguistic levels. The obligatory elements of the evaluation frame are the subject, object and basis of evaluation. In literary texts, the source of all evaluative judgements is the author, who can put them into the mouth of the observer, narrator or characters. The object can be any element of reality, but most often people’s actions and qualities are subject to evaluation. Depending on the basis, there are axiological, intellectual, emotional, etc. evaluations. Although there is a notion of subjective and objective evaluation, we can only speak of relative objectivity. In connection with this criterion, we distinguish between evaluation in the narrow sense, associated with the subjective opposition between good and bad, and in the broad sense, where the object is correlated with the norms accepted in society. The evaluative semantics is revealed most fully by means of lexical-phraseological and syntactic levels. Lexical evaluative predicates are divided into general evaluative predicates, in which the evaluative meaning constitutes the denotation, and particular evaluative predicates, where the evaluative component of the meaning is included in its connotation along with expressive and emotional components. In most cases, these three components are co-present in a word, on the basis of which many linguists do not distinguish between evaluativeness, emotionality and expressiveness. However, there are differences: expressivity consists in the purposeful influence on the listener by increasing the impressive power of the utterance without changing the semantics of the unit, emotionality expresses the subject’s own impressions, while the evaluative component is associated with the reflection of the measure of conformity of the object to a standard in some quality.

TRAINING SKILLS STRATEGY

Learning is a complex process. Learning is considered as the main source of new information. The acquisition of reading skills by schoolchildren is the main factor in the successful study and development of other subjects. The term “reading” is used in different meanings: in a narrow sense, it is the formation of reading skills; mastering the technique of reading; in a broad sense, mastering the technique of reading along with reading comprehension. We consider the term “learning” as a form of educational activity. The reading skills of elementary school students are mainly formed in the literary academic subject, and it will be the main tool in teaching reading in all academic subjects in elementary school. Reading skills are actively used in teaching reading in all academic subjects, through which other academic subjects are mastered. This article is about the place of strategies in increasing educational skills about their use in working with text.

КАУЗАЛДЫҚ ҰҒЫМЫНЫҢ ФИЛОСОФИЯЛЫҚ ЖӘНЕ ЛИНГВИСТИКАЛЫҚ ЗАҢДЫЛЫҚТАРЫ

The article describes the consideration of functional grammar in the philosophic and linguistic sciences in the causal category, which is one of the new directions in linguistics. The concept of causality originates in the science of general philosophy. It follows the philosophical research that linguistics, including those considered as a special concept of functional grammar, is interpreted as a natural phenomenon. The fact that the study of global linguistics and Kazakh linguistics are formed on the basis of speech activity attracts the attention of scientists to the study in several aspects. It is proved that the causal category attracted the attention of philosophers to the search for motives, causes of the basic concepts of being in life, the reality that induced the interest of linguists. The article focuses on the integration of philosophical and linguistical patterns of the causal concept as a complex body within the framework of the interrelation of semantic levels of all linguistic groups, and not in a narrow sense. The disclosure of the semantic–functional purpose of causality shows that the nature of language and semantic aspects are various. Therefore, considering the activity of causal concepts from the point of view of the theory of the functional-semantic field, it is possible to fully recognize the nature of this category by specifying the paradigm and syntagmatic correlations of all linguistic means and revealing their semantic structure. At the same time, language levels that belong to the causal category can be considered not only grammatically, but also occupying a place in categories that can be expressed through other degrees of language. Therefore, causal progress falls into a philosophical and linguistic classification. In philosophy, it searches for the cause of the world, the creation, of being, in linguistics, it is conceptualized as a functional semantic category expressing the essence and content of this cause through a series of different linguistic operations. It is entrenched that the linguistic techniques that reveal the essence of causal semantics are very diverse, and its paradigm is proposed on the basis of scientific concepts for plain systematization.

State antimonopoly control in the in the water sector Kyrgyz Republic: Theoretical aspects

This article deals with the theoretical aspects of state antimonopoly control, doctrinal and legislative definition of the concepts of state control, state antimonopoly control, principles of state antimonopoly control, its types and forms, which are the subject of close attention from the representatives of both economic and legal sciences. Uniform definition of the concept of state antimonopoly control, clear classification of its principles, types and forms is dictated by the need for adequate application of this type of state control in the practical plane, as well as in the training of specialists in this area. By means of comparative-legal analysis and the study of different positions of scientists concerning the highlighted problems, the possibility of finding the most succinct definition of state antimonopoly control, which is presented in a broad and narrow sense, was realized. Using the above methods, a generalized classification of the principles of state antimonopoly control, its types and forms was proposed. Normative enshrining in the antimonopoly legislation of Kyrgyzstan the theoretical provisions proposed in this article, which are directly related to the antimonopoly control, will contribute to improving the economic and legal mechanism of protection and development of competition, civil rights of economic entities and other stakeholders (interested parties) in this area of public relations.

The collapse of life plans; paradoxes of combination of historical personality (based on the novel by L. Feuchtwanger “The Ugly Duchess Margarita Maultasch”)

Lion Feuchtwanger is known mainly as the creator of historical novels and voluminous epic canvases. However, all his thoughts are directed to the future. With a certain reservation, we can say that he tried on the past to the realities of his time. Until his death, he was concerned with the key question: what are the paths, prospects and main driving forces of events distant from the 20th century in visual comparison with those changes in German society, which he directly witnessed. In a narrow sense, these were the writer’s attempts to resolve the “damned issues” concerning his own nation. In broad terms – philosophical reflections on the fate of humanity. Thus, his work objectively went beyond the national framework, enriching itself with universal and deeply humanistic content.

Potential root mean square error skill score

Consistency, in a narrow sense, denotes the alignment between the forecast-optimization strategy and the verification directive. The current recommended deterministic solar forecast verification practice is to report the skill score based on root mean square error (RMSE), which would violate the notion of consistency if the forecasts are optimized under another strategy such as minimizing the mean absolute error (MAE). This paper overcomes such difficulty by proposing a so-called “potential RMSE skill score,” which depends only on (1) the cross-correlation between forecasts and observations and (2) the autocorrelation of observations. While greatly simplifying the calculation, the new skill score does not discriminate inconsistent forecasts as much, e.g., even MAE-optimized forecasts can attain a high RMSE skill score.

Ensuring the safety of business activities in the context of an acute sanctions policy on the part of foreign states (administrative and legal aspect)

The work is devoted to the study of the issue of ensuring the safety of entrepreneurial activity in the context of acute sanctions policies. Why the concept of an acute sanctions policy has been studied. Using historical and legal methods, cases of the application of economic and political sanctions between states in ancient times have been identified. The number of sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation after the events of February 2022 is given. Further, the author's concepts are given in the work: the safety of entrepreneurial activity in the conditions under consideration, ensuring the safety of entrepreneurial activity in a narrow and broad sense. This allows us to take a fresh look at the issue under study, the classification of economic and political sanctions is given. Legal phenomena such as legitimate and non-legitimate sanctions, which are used by various countries, are revealed. By the security of business activity, we mean the following: - the state of the business, formed from a set of constantly performed joint actions of employees of the company, its managers or owners, different in content and direction; - organization and orderly functioning of existing business processes, their protection; - the formation of a planned, progressive movement, goal-oriented development carried out within the framework of a short-term, medium-term and long-term business development strategy; - these actions are aimed at meeting the needs of society in order to systematically generate business profits regardless of internal and external challenges (threats). Ensuring the safety of entrepreneurial activity is impossible without ensuring the security of the state, ensuring the security of the state is impossible without ensuring the safety of entrepreneurial activity.

ПРАВОВА СЕМАНТИКА ПОНЯТТЯ “ЦИФРОВЕ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ”

Background. The article conducts scientific exploration of the legal foundations of the world of the digital environment as a certain system of interconnections of its elements. Methods. Problems of a methodological nature are raised, in particular, issues of legal semantics of the digital environment. The questions of the legal nature of the digital environment and its components are touched upon. Results. The appeal to theoretical problems of the concept of the digital environment is caused by the desire to explore the direction in which modern jurisprudence is developing on the way of regulating modern relations in the IT sphere. The emphasis is on the methodology for defining the concept of the digital environment. Issues of human interaction with elements of the digital environment and legal aspects of regulation of private legal relations related to the circulation of digital things and the provision of digital services are disclosed. Сonclusions. The concept of "environment" is defined in its objective and subjective sense. The formation of the digital environment is proposed to be considered according to the three-level criterion: pre-convention, convention, post-convention. Analyzing the elements of the digital environment, it is indicated that not only digital things, but also certain technological systems are its components. It is proposed to consider the elements of the digital environment in their narrow and broad sense. The article provides the author's definition of the concept of "digital environment".

Broad sense and narrow sense perspectives on the metaverse in education: roles of virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence and pedagogical theories

Broad sense and narrow sense perspectives on the metaverse in education: roles of virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence and pedagogical theories

Transforming Agriculture through Nanotechnology: A Comprehensive Overview

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in agriculture, offering innovative solutions to address critical challenges in food production, sustainability, and resource management. This comprehensive overview explores the multifaceted impact of nanotechnology on agriculture, providing insights into its potential to revolutionize the sector and by elucidating the fundamental principles of nanotechnology and its applicability in agriculture, emphasizing nanomaterials’ unique properties that enable precise manipulation at the molecular and nanoscale levels. It explores diverse applications, including nanoparticle-based nutrient delivery systems, nanoencapsulation for controlled release of agrochemicals, and the development of nanosensors for real-time monitoring of crop health and environmental parameters. Furthermore, this delves into the emerging field of precision farming enabled by nanotechnology, where data-driven decision-making and targeted interventions optimize resource utilization, minimize environmental impacts, and maximize crop yields. It examines the potential of nano pesticides in integrated pest management, highlighting their eco-friendly nature and reduced environmental contamination. Nanotechnology’s role in soil management and remediation is also discussed, showcasing its capacity to improve soil health, remediate contaminated lands, and enhance nutrient availability. The review sheds light on the application of nanofertilizers, which not only enhance nutrient use efficiency but also mitigate nutrient runoff, contributing to sustainable agriculture. While nanotechnology holds immense promise, it is imperative to consider safety and environmental implications. This examines the challenges and regulatory considerations surrounding the use of nanomaterials in agriculture, emphasizing the need for responsible development and rigorous risk assessment.

Broad sense and narrow sense perspectives on the metaverse in education: Roles of virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence and pedagogical theories

Broad sense and narrow sense perspectives on the metaverse in education: Roles of virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence and pedagogical theories

Obraz obcego, innego i wroga w sztuce ludowej - analiza wybranych przykładów

In the community of the former village, many things from the world around it were a great unknown. Fears born from the fear of the unknown were often transferred to supernatural forces, people with specific physical features or diseases, as well as to newcomers from outside a given community. An important issue for the researcher is how these types of concepts were presented in folk art, and in what areas. Based on the secondary literature and practical knowledge as a folk artist, an analysis (together with the study of selected examples) is offered of the issue of broadly understood otherness in Polish folk art, both in the narrow sense referring to other people and in the broad sense including demonic beings embodying certain human features or forces of nature. Although folk art largely focuses on decorative, ritual, and religious functions, we can also find representations of, for example, the devil, a witch, or Jewish neighbours, i.e. of various categories of otherness. With the development of knowledge, images based largely on stereotypes slowly disappeared, becoming at most a part of the local folklore, treated as a relic of old times or a harmless tradition. Focusing on the issues of otherness in folk art allows for a better understanding of folk culture, which in various forms persists to this day, as well as of how certain thought and social patterns are adapted and processed by folk artists.

Composition of Essential Oils from Fruits of Peucedanum longifolium and Rhizomatophora aegopodioides (Apiaceae) with Regard to Other Related Taxa—A Chemometric Approach

The aim of this work was to investigate the composition of essential oils isolated from fruits of Peucedanum longifolium, and Rhizomatophora aegopodioides (a species which was previously placed in the genus Peucedanum), as well as to compare the obtained results to those available for other previously investigated related species (including taxa which are also, according to some authors, excluded from the genus Peucedanum). Essential oils were obtained via hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and their composition was analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. To compare these data to those of previously investigated taxa, a chemometric approach was applied; the data were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods: non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and hierarchical cluster analysis. The most abundant in P. longifolium essential oil were monoterpenes (79.7%), mostly α-phellandrene (26.2%), β-phellandrene + limonene (21.0%) and myrcene (9.5%), followed by sesquiterpenes (18.3%), mostly germacrene B (9.5%). On the other hand, dominant in R. aegopodioides essential oil were non-terpenic aliphatic hydrocarbons (46.1%), mainly n-undecane (16.5%) and n-nonane (11.3%). In addition, this essential oil also contained a notable quantity of sesquiterpenes (25.1%), with (E)-sesquilavandulol being the most abundant (10.0%). The results of multivariate statistics revealed a clear separation of the essential oil composition of R. aegopodioides and P. longifolium, as well as of P. longifolium and P. officinale. The clustering of the samples of most of the taxa that do not belong to the Peucedanum in the narrow sense (sensu stricto) was also observed, which is in accordance with their recent inclusion in separate genera.

Social Work in Austria

Social Work in Austria can be described as an action and profession based science dealing with the dif- ferent forms of social support that help people maintain agency in difficult circumstances and situations in life. At the same time, the field sees itself as a practical form of social policy that undertakes a critical examination of how social problems and risks of exclusion are generated within society. Finally, Social Work pursues its own educational goal based on opportunities for personal realisation and participation. Historically, Social Work in Austria developed along two separate paths, firstly as Sozialarbeit (social work in a narrow sense), administrative practice that is rooted in occupations around youth welfare and healthcare, and secondly as Sozialpädagogik (Social Pedagogy), which arose from social education work in out-of-home care for children and young people. Since the 1970s, the number of tasks and approaches in this context has proliferated, increasingly causing social work and Social Pedagogy to overlap and converge. In recent years, there have been signs of growing professionality and of the field slowly becoming established as an academic discipline. Simultaneously, approaches are becoming more important that are participatory or relate to social spaces and civil society.

Subordination of Civil Cases: Theoretical Rules and Practical Problems

This article is devoted to the topic of subordination, which is one of the oldest and most relevant institutions of civil procedural law, the content of this topic includes which body is competent to consider disputes (cases), its criteria and conditions, as well as the limits of the competence of the court and other bodies in this area. The task of subordination in a broad sense determines the forms of protection (judicial or extrajudicial resolution) of the rights and interests of individuals (individuals and legal entities). In a narrow sense, it is understood to belong to a number of state bodies and organizations empowered to protect violated and disputed subjective rights of individuals and legal entities and their legally protected interests. The subordination of cases plays a key role in delineating their powers from each other. The article also includes aspects of subordination, which is a broad concept in relation to jurisdiction, similarities and differences with this procedural institution. At the same time, the article provides detailed information and analysis of several types of subordination in civil procedural law, including alternative, contractual, imperative and exceptional types. At the end of the article, problems related to the topic of subordination, suggestions and recommendations for their solution, and the author's conclusions are presented.

INTEGRATION OF HISTORICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIETY INTO THE INFORMATION CULTURE OF THE ENGINEER OF MODERN SOCIETY

The article examines the issue of changing the very paradigm and model of the information society. There was a need to ensure a balance between the dynamic changes occurring in nature and society, the entire environment, the increased amount of information, and the rapidly developing information and communication and information technologies. Information comes to the fore. The most important indicator of the information society is that each of its members has equal rights and opportunities to freely produce and timely receive any information that interests him, except for cases limited by law. The foundation of this process is the information culture of society. The concept of “information culture” was formed in the second half of the twentieth century in connection with close attention to the mechanisms and processes associated with information exchange. From the point of view of cultural studies, information culture characterizes culture in terms of information which has been accumulated, processed and transmitted within its framework. Information culture is an integral part of a broader concept, such as – «personal culture». Personal culture is defined as a system of personal qualities (mind, character, imagination, memory) recognized by the individual as values established and valued in society. This is in a broad sense. And in a narrow sense, it is the ability and need of a specialist to use available information opportunities for a systematic and conscious search for new knowledge, its interpretation and dissemination. This means that information culture should be seen as one of the aspects of cultural activity in general and therefore it is inextricably linked with the «second nature» (social nature) of a person and acts as a product of their mental abilities. Depending on the subject who acts as a carrier of information culture, the latter can be considered at three levels: information culture of the individual; information culture of individual community groups (a certain society, nation, age or professional group, etc.); information culture of society as a whole. Nowadays, the state's innovation policy and the introduction of new technologies require increasingly complex solutions aimed at the development and transformation of the techno environment and the whole world. It is possible that in the era of globalism and technicism, the approach seems legitimate. In our time of electronic technology and enormous opportunities, there is a temptation to feel like the Creator. When a person, guided by their knowledge and skills, the achievements of civilization, science and technology, allows themselves to decide their fate and create something new, even for themselves such living creature, then the question naturally arises about the mechanism for containing and regulating such inventions and research, which could lead to the death of humanity (the discovery of the neutron bomb, for instance). Therefore, the role of information culture, which manifests itself in human information ignorance, is great. By information behaviour we understand a course of action, a set of efforts made by a person to obtain, assimilate and use and create new knowledge, its transfer and dissemination in society. The information behaviour of specialists becomes the basis for social differentiation. Historically the causes of social inequality were associated with the origin and availability of civil rights, property and income, position in the social structure of society, but at present the level of information culture, manifested by information behaviour, becomes a factor of hierarchy. Sustainable greening culture is a transition to an ecologically oriented culture, which enables a person to preserve their environment and survive physically and spiritually. The anthropological dimension of culture comes to the fore. Culture should ensure the integrity of a person, their health and happiness in conditions when many factors of scientific, technical and social development destroy this integrity, negatively affect the health of a person, and prevent the achievement of their happiness.

COMBINING ABILITY AND GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENETS USING LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS IN SUMMER SQUASH

This study was aimed to investigate combining ability and genetic parameters in summer squash (cucurbita pepo L.). Eight inbred lines of summer squash were crossed in line x tester method in summer season 2020. The parental lines (3 tester and 5 lines) and their off springs (15 hybrids) were planted out in the summer season 2021 at vegetable field, Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, Duhok University. The experiment lay out using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that the mean square for genotypes were highly significant effect for tester , line and line x tester in all studied traits. The Tester LBL2 and line PEP1670 were the best combiner for days to 50% female flowering, number of fruit plant-1 and yield kg plant-1. The crosses (LBL2 X N33133) and (LES3 X CNS2881) exhibited significant positive effect of specific combining ability for fruit length cm, number of fruit plant-1 and yield plant-1. The heritability in broad sense were higher than narrow sense heritability for all studied traits ranged between 93% for days to 50% female flowering to 40% for fruit weight. The average degree of dominance less than one in all traits except days to 50% female flowering and fruit length.

Legal opinion of the Supreme Court as a source of judicial lawmaking

The article reveals the modern concept of legal opinion of the Supreme Court as a source of judicial law-making. The author reviewed scientific approaches to understanding the place and role of court precedent in general and its presence in the legal system of Ukraine. It has been clarified which features of the legal position of the Supreme Court give it the properties of a judicial precedent, and also the ever-increasing importance of knowledge and use of the legal positions of the Supreme Court in the activities of all civil servants, lawyers, as well as representatives of other professions who apply the relevant norms in their work has been proven legislation.
 It has been proven that the legal opinion of the Supreme Court is the result of judicial law­making. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, the author concluded that judicial law-making in modern conditions is gaining weight, although it remains a very debatable issue. It is argued that judicial law-making should be considered in broad and narrow senses. It was found that in a broad sense, judicial law-making is the formation of conclusions by courts of all instances during the administration of justice in order to eliminate gaps in legislative regulation in the absence of a law regulating disputed legal relations. It is proved that in a narrow sense, judicial law-making is the law-making of the Supreme Court, the result of which is the formation of a judicial precedent (legal opinion).
 The author substantiates the opinion that the binding of courts during the consideration of a case by a specific way of applying the rule of law, determined in the decisions of the courts of cassation instance (court precedents) in similar legal relations, applies not only to the system of common law, but also to the states belonging to the continental systems of law. It has been proven that the binding nature of the Supreme Court's conclusions for courts of all instances should be based on the necessary balance between the independence of judges and ensuring the unity and stability of judicial practice.

Fashion: an Occasional or Non-Occasional Guest at the Library?

The compatibility of library and fashion is examined in the context of the current problem — audience engagement. The study uses the method of observation, analysis of scientific literature and documents.Does a modern library need fashion? Can such topics of library events and information content of library media be considered appropriate for the “temple of the book”? Are these issues of interest to readers (visitors)? What forms and formats of work to apply for fashion coverage? What advantages does a library have over a fashion magazine? The authors offer answers to these questions. Fashion is a cultural phenomenon that has a significant influence and is therefore of interest to many categories of readers. The concept of “fashion” in the text of the article is most often used in a narrow sense, as the art of creating a beautiful image with the help of clothes and accessories. The extent to which libraries address this topic is analyzed. Three main library sites of Yekaterinburg (Library Center “Yekaterinburg”, Sverdlovsk Regional Universal Scientific Library named after V.G. Belinsky, Municipal Association of Libraries of Yekaterinburg) were chosen for the study. The library media of these institutions were studied. Libraries, using the official website and social media pages, are gradually enhancing the dialogue with the reader by offering articles, reports, videos and other information materials with a broad cultural theme. In the future, library media can develop in the thematic niche of urban periodicals covering lifestyle and everyday culture, systematically addressing the theme of “fashion”. The authors suggest creating a separate rubric dedicated to fashion in the corporate media of libraries (on their websites) in order to make this process manageable. The article presents a model of a fashion column, justifies its importance, and lists the target groups.

Intelligent drivers for building a smart economy in the conditions of the current challenges of the development of the global economy on the basis of a systematic approach

This article comprehensively explores the concept of the «smart economy.» It observes that contemporary challenges faced by post-industrial and information societies have led to the emergence of the smart economy concept. The active development of the smart economy concept is associated with the idea of «Industry 4.0,» which establishes principles such as the functional compatibility of humans and production tools, transparency of information, the ability of industrial systems to create a virtual copy of the physical world, technical assistance provided by production tools to humans, autonomous decision-making capabilities of industrial systems, enhanced industrial ecology, and socialization. The article illustrates the existence of diverse perspectives on the essence of the smart economy concept. Based on the analyzed viewpoints, it proposes considering this phenomenon in broad and narrow senses. In the broad sense, smart economy combines traditional industrial means with artificial intelligence and IT achievements, leading to a transition to a qualitatively higher type of societal economic development. In the narrow sense, smart economy constitutes part of other contemporary innovations in a logical connection (smart cities, intelligent industries). The article explores various components of the smart economy concept and formulates its own elements: smart environment, smart governance, smart digitalization, smart education, and intelligent life, based on doctrinal perspectives. The article illustrates different viewpoints regarding the components of intellectual drivers and proposes its perspective — human-centric management in industry, digitization of economic management processes, effective environmental protection methods, and the increased role of intellectual resources in society’s daily life. It determines the expediency of implementing the smart economy in the economic system of Ukraine, highlighting the positive and negative aspects of such implementation. The gradual introduction of the smart economy into Ukraine’s economic system is deemed necessary; otherwise, it may exacerbate societal problems.