Narrow Neck Research Articles

The effects of abaloparatide on hip geometry and biomechanical properties in Japanese osteoporotic patients assessed using DXA-based hip structural analysis: results of the Japanese phase 3 ACTIVE-J trial

SummaryDaily subcutaneous injection of 80 μg abaloparatide increased bone mineral density in Japanese patients with osteoporosis at high fracture risk in the ACTIVE-J trial. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry–based hip structural analysis from ACTIVE-J data showed improved hip geometry and biomechanical properties with abaloparatide compared with placebo.PurposeAbaloparatide (ABL) increased bone mineral density (BMD) in Japanese patients with osteoporosis at high fracture risk in the ACTIVE-J trial. To evaluate the effect of ABL on hip geometry and biomechanical properties, hip structural analysis (HSA) was performed using ACTIVE-J trial data.MethodsHip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans from postmenopausal women and men (ABL, n = 128; placebo, n = 65) at baseline and up to week 78 were analyzed to extract bone geometric parameters at the narrow neck (NN), intertrochanteric region (IT), and proximal femoral shaft (FS). Computed tomography (CT)-based BMD and HSA indices were compared between baseline and week 78.ResultsABL treatment showed increased mean percent change from baseline to week 78 in cortical thickness at the NN (5.3%), IT (5.3%), and FS (2.9%); cross-sectional area at the NN (5.0%), IT (5.0%), and FS (2.6%); cross-sectional moment of inertia at the NN (7.6%), IT (5.1%), and FS (2.5%); section modulus at the NN (7.4%), IT (5.4%), and FS (2.4%); and decreased mean percent change in buckling ratio (BR) at the IT (− 5.0%). ABL treatment showed increased mean percent change in total volumetric BMD (vBMD; 2.7%) and trabecular vBMD (3.2%) at the total hip and decreased mean percent change in BR at femoral neck (− 4.1%) at week 78 vs baseline. All the changes noted here were significant vs placebo (P < 0.050 using t-test).ConclusionA 78-week treatment with ABL showed improvement in HSA parameters associated with hip geometry and biomechanical properties vs placebo.Trial registrationJAPIC CTI-173575

Advances in Experimental Research on the Influence of Friction Powders on Acoustic Liners (Helmholtz Resonators)

This paper presents the technological advancement of using friction powders to increase the absorption of acoustic liners used in the reduction of tonal noise generated by aero-engines or for other applications related to Helmholtz resonators used in noise absorption of low frequencies. The experimental research was conducted during the European project ARTEM (2017–2022), and after. This concept was inspired by the discovery made by several historians of narrow neck bottles filled with ash in the old Christian churches. These artifacts were made with the purpose of absorbing low frequency noises. Based on this creative idea, the present authors proposed a new method of noise absorption capabilities of acoustic liners filled with various types and quantities of natural and artificial powders. Considering the positive results the ARTEM project offered, COMOTI continued testing this concept by using even finer cork powders manufactured with a new technology. Measurements in Kundt tubes showed that noise absorption increased significantly in broadband for low frequencies (over 0.9 at high frequencies and 0.6 at low frequencies, 500 Hz). Some of the researched powders can be used in the field of bladed machines to reduce the aerodynamic noise of an aircraft or in the automotive industry where the reduction of low frequency noises is necessary.

The effect of zoledronic acid on hip geometry in renal transplant recipients: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study

BackgroundIn renal transplant patients, bisphosphonates may prevent bone loss, but little is known about their effects on bone microarchitecture and geometrical hip parameters, as the key factors of bone stability. This study aimed to analyze the effect of zoledronic acid on the mentioned parameters in kidney transplant patients.MethodsIn this double-blind, randomized trial, 33 patients were followed for six months after administering either 4mg of zoledronic acid or a placebo. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement of the spine, hip, radius, and whole body was obtained, and trabecular bone score (TBS) was evaluated using the software. Geometric assessment at the proximal femur was performed by the HSA program.ResultsEighteen patients in the intervention group and 15 in the control group completed the study. The mean percentages of the changes in the BMD at the lumbar spine and whole body were significantly different between the placebo and intervention groups (-0.23% vs. 4.91% and -2.03% vs. 1.23%) (P < 0.05). Zoledronic acid appeared to enhance the subperiosteal diameter, endocortical diameter, and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) at the narrow neck in comparison with placebo (P < 0.05); however, no difference in TBS was observed between both groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsWe concluded that a single administration of zoledronic acid might ameliorate bone loss at the lumbar spine and the whole body and maintain the subperiosteal diameter, endocortical diameter, and CSMI as parameters of bone strength at the narrow neck of the proximal femur after six months in renal-transplant recipients.Trial registrationThis study was registered in IRCT (ID: IRCT20181202041821N1) on 04–05-2019.

Vegetative anatomy of five domesticated members of the genus Cucurbita (Linn.) in Southwestern Nigeria

The vegetative anatomy of five domesticated species of the genus Cucurbita L. found in South Western Nigeria was studied. The aim was to establish some useful diagnostic features that may be employed in combination with other characters as intra or inter-specific or generic tools for their delimitation. The study revealed exciting features that are helpful in the identification of each species. The genus can be divided into three groups based on the shape of the midrib. Those with a U-shape are C. pepo, C. argyrosperma and C. ficifolia. C. maximum has a round/flat shape while C. moschata has V shape. Those with a U-shape can further be classed into those with a wide and narrow neck. C. argyrosperma has narrow neck with two vascular bundles, four layers of palisade tissues and 6 layers of abaxial epidermis. C. pepo has a wide neck with three bicollateral bundles and two layers of palisade tissues while C. ficifolia has two bundles and three layers of palisade tissues. Overlaps and similarities in the number of vascular bundles, and layers of tissues showed generic affinity among the members.

AMBA CUP: Ensuring Accuracy in Measurement of Volume of Water for Salt Sugar Solution or Oral Rehydration Solution Preparation in Diarrhea Management.

Diarrhea remains a major cause of under-five mortality globally. In 2016, it accounted for 8% of under-five mortality worldwide. Most of these deaths occur in developing countries. Fluid replacement using Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) or Salt Sugar Solution (SSS), has been the mainstay of diarrhea management. Gaps in knowledge and practice regarding the preparation of these solutions have been identified by various researchers. One challenge encountered by healthcare providers and caregivers of under-five children has been lack of a standard, easy to clean cup for measurement of accurate volume of water for ORS or SSS preparation. Soft drink bottles, which are currently being used, are difficult to clean because of their narrow necks. More so, the size and volume of these bottles change so often that non-numerate caregivers get easily confused. The aim of this paper is to introduce the AMBA CUP, an easy-to-clean cup that can be used to accurately measure one litre of water for SSS or ORS preparation.

Illicit drug use is associated with lower bone mineral density and bone strength

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of illicit drug use with bone mineral density (BMD) and hip geometric parameters at the narrow neck. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional matched cohort study conducted in the Hong Kong Chinese population. Associations with illicit drug use were estimated using linear regression for BMD (lumbar spine and femoral neck) and hip geometrical parameters (cross-sectional area [CSA], cross-sectional moment of inertia [CSMI], section modulus [SM], average cortical thickness [ACT] and BMD at the narrow neck) after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, and history of antipsychotic and antidepressant use. Mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated between 108 illicit drug users and 108 controls using an adjusted linear model and cluster-robust standard errors after matching by age and sex. The false discovery rate was used to correct for multiple testing. ResultsIllicit drug users had a significantly lower BMD (g/cm2) at the lumbar spine (mean difference: −0.062; 95% CI: −0.108 to −0.015), and femoral neck (mean difference: −0.058; 95% CI: −0.106 to −0.010) in the fully adjusted model. Illicit drug users also had a significantly lower CSA (mean difference: −0.238 cm2; 95% CI: −0.462 to −0.013), ACT (mean difference: −0.018 cm; 95% CI: −0.030 to −0.006) and BMD (mean difference: −0.070 g/cm2; 95% CI: −0.128 to −0.012) at the narrow neck. ConclusionsIllicit drug use is associated with lower BMD and bone strength. Future studies evaluating the risk of illicit drug use with fragility fracture are warranted.

ERECTION OF BOTHRIOCESTUS N. GEN. (CESTODA: BOTHRIOCEPHALIDEA) AND REDESCRIPTION OF BOTHRIOCESTUS CUSPIDATUS (COOPER, 1917) (SYN. BOTHRIOCEPHALUS CUSPIDATUS) FROM WALLEYE, SANDER VITREUS, (PERCIFORMES: PERCIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA.

Based on previous molecular phylogenetic analyses, Bothriocestus n. gen. is erected to accommodate bothriocephalid tapeworms that have an elongate scolex, a well-developed apical disc, and a narrow neck region, parasitize freshwater fishes in the Holarctic, and were previously placed in the polyphyletic genus Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808 (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea). Bothriocestus claviceps (Goeze, 1782) n. comb., a parasite of eels (Anguilla spp.) in the Holarctic region, is designated as the type species. Another species of the new genus, Bothriocestus cuspidatus (Cooper, 1917) (syn. Bothriocephalus cuspidatusCooper, 1917) is redescribed from type and voucher specimens, and new material from the type host, the walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill, 1818) (Perciformes: Percidae), in Manitoba and Ontario (where the type locality is located) (Canada) and in New York state and Wisconsin. Bothriocestus cuspidatus of S. vitreus is characterized primarily by the possession of a narrow, long strobila (total length up to 18 cm) composed of distinctly craspedote, trapezoidal proglottids, with primary, secondary, and tertiary proglottids differing in size, and by an arrow-shaped (=cuspidatus) scolex that is distinctly broader than the first proglottids, widest near the base in lateral view and gradually becoming broader toward the anterior end in dorsoventral view. A "dwarf" form of B. cuspidatus (total length of 9-27 mm) from Johnny darter, Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque, 1820, and tessellated darter, Etheostoma olmstedi Storer, 1842 (both Percidae: Etheostominae), is also characterized morphologically in the present paper.

Narrow escape in composite domains forming heterogeneous networks

Cellular networks are often composed of thin tubules connecting much larger node compartments. These structures serve for active or diffusion transport of proteins. Examples are glial networks in the brain, the endoplasmic reticulum in cells or dendritic spines. In this latter case, a large ball forming the head is connected to the dendrite by a narrow passage. In all cases, how the transport of molecules, ions or proteins is regulated determines the time scale of chemical reactions or signal transduction. In the present study, based on modeling diffusion in three dimensions, we compute the mean time for a Brownian particle to reach a narrow target inside such a composite network made of tubules connected to spherical nodes. We derive asymptotic formulas by solving a mixed Neumann–Dirichlet boundary value problem with small Dirichlet part. We first consider the general case of a network domain organized in a 2-D lattice structure that consists of spherical ball compartments connected via narrow cylindrical passages. For a single target located on the boundary of one of the spherical domains, we derive a sparse linear system of equations for each Mean First Passage Time (MFPT) averaged over the different compartments. We then consider a composite domain consisting of a spherical head-like domain, with narrow absorbing targets on its boundary, that is connected to a large cylinder via a narrow cylindrical neck. For Brownian particles starting within the neck, we derive an asymptotic formula for the MFPT. When diffusing particles can be absorbed upon hitting additional absorbing boundaries of the large cylindrical compartment, we derive asymptotic formulas for the splitting probability and conditional MFPT to reach a target on the spherical head. We compare these formulas with numerical solutions of the mixed boundary value problem and with Brownian simulations, allowing to explore geometrical parameter ranges. To conclude, the present analysis reveals that the mean arrival time, driven by diffusion in heterogeneous networks, is controlled by the targets and tubules sizes, as well as the size of the nodal compartments.

Clinical, radiological and surprise diagnosis of femoral hernia

The author has treated three cases of femoral hernias over the years. Femoral hernias are rare compared to inguinal hernias. Here, there were varied clinical presentations of all femoral hernias. Obstruction, strangulation and groin swelling were the presentations observed. Management of all varies according to presentation. Because of narrow neck and stiff femoral canal chances of complications are more. Use of minimal access techniques may reduce the morbidity of surgical treatment in emergency.

Generic Revisions of the Scopaeina and the Sphaeronina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini)

Generic Revisions of the Scopaeina and the Sphaeronina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini)

Меотские сероглиняные кружки IV–III вв. до н.э.

The article is devoted to the typology and chronology of gray clay cups from the Maeotian burial grounds on the right bank of the Kuban river. Type 1 refers to biconical cups with a high, narrow neck widening upwards (30 items). A little over half of the studied vessels come from assemblages with a wide chronological range dating back to the 4th and early 3rd centuries BC, where they are accompanied by swords of the Sindian-Maeotian type or sets of pottery characteristic of this period. The remaining burials with cups can be dated more precisely by the finds of container amphorae from different centers (Heraclea, Thasos, Ikos, Mende, Sinope, etc.). The wide chronological framework of the existence of type 1 cups among the Maeotians can be determined within the first half of the 4th century BC, but their narrow chronology is limited to the second quarter of this century. Two versions of the origin of cups of this shape are put forward: the first one is from imported red clay vessels; the second one is from hand-made cups of the 6th–5th centuries BC. Type 2 is truncated conical cups widening upwards (13 items). There are not enough strong chronological references for a narrow dating of this type of cups. Furthermore, apart from the cups, imported vessels were found in the three assemblages including amphorae of Rhodes, a black glazed plate and a fish plate. As the analysis of the assemblages shows, type 2 cups existed among the Maeotians for a rather limited period from the late 3rd century BC up until the beginning of the next century.

Bleeding giant pseudoaneurysm non-visualized on arterial phase imaging: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided angioembolization to the rescue.

A 51-year-old man, with known diabetes and coronary artery disease and a history of acute pancreatitis, presented with melena for 1 day. Investigations revealed anemia (hemoglobin 6.8 gm/dl) with tachycardia. After initial resuscitation, computed tomography (CT) angiography was done. In the arterial phase, no extravasation or aneurysm was noted ([Fig. 1]). However, in the venous phase, contrast filling was noted with a giant pseudoaneurysm measuring 7.2 × 6.2 × 9.7 cm, likely arising from the splenic vessel ([Fig. 2]). The patient, being a poor candidate for radiological endovascular therapy (non-visualization on arterial phase, narrow neck) as well as surgery (multiple comorbidities), was planned for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided angioembolization. EUS-guided localization of the aneurysm was done and Doppler showed turbulent blood flow in the giant pseudoaneurysm ([Fig. 3]). It was punctured with a 19-G needle (EZ Shot3 Plus; Olympus Medical, Tokyo, Japan) and blood aspirated to confirm the position. After flushing the needle with saline, four Nester coils (20 mm × 14 cm) were deployed one after the other. Using this coil-complex as a scaffold, 4 ml of cyanoacrylate glue was injected. The coil-glue cast formed caused thrombosis of the blood contents, which gradually increased in size and slowed the intravascular turbulence ([Fig. 4] ). On further observation for another 1 minute, the whole aneurysm showed formation of an echogenic thrombus with minimal flow ([Video 1]). A repeat EUS 48 hours later showed complete obliteration of the pseudoaneurysm with no flow ([Fig. 5]), and CT revealed coil artifacts with no filling in the venous phase. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient was doing fine with no further bleeding episodes.

Fabrication of Mechanically Strong Silica Aerogels with the Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) Method of Poly(methyl methacrylate).

Constructing and maintaining a three-dimensional network structure with high porosity is critical to the preparation of silica aerogel materials because this structure provides excellent properties. However, due to the pearl-necklace-like structure and narrow interparticle necks, aerogels have poor mechanical strength and a brittle nature. Developing and designing lightweight silica aerogels with distinct mechanical properties is significant to extend their practical applications. In this work, thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) from a mixture of ethanol and water was used to strengthen the skeletal network of aerogels. Strong and lightweight PMMA-modified silica aerogels were synthesized via the TIPS method and supercritically dried with carbon dioxide. The cloud point temperature of PMMA solutions, physical characteristics, morphological properties, microstructure, thermal conductivities, and mechanical properties were investigated. The resultant composited aerogels not only exhibit a homogenous mesoporous structure but also achieve a significant improvement in mechanical properties. The addition of PMMA increased the flexural strength and compressive strength by as much as 120% and 1400%, respectively, with the greatest amount of PMMA (Mw = 35,000 g/mole), while the density just increased by 28%. Overall, this research suggests that the TIPS method has great efficiency in reinforcing silica aerogels with less sacrifice of low density and large porosity.

Mechanical strength and nature of lithospheric deformation beneath the rifted sedimentary basins of the east India passive margin

The study of gravity signatures corresponding to sediment load over the passive margins is helpful to constrain the mechanical properties of continental rift systems as well as the adjacent ocean basins. Seismic reflection, free-air gravity and well information from the East India Passive Margin (EIPM) are investigated through spectral approach and 2D process-oriented gravity modelling for quantifying effective elastic plate thickness (Te) to understand the rift mechanisms and the sedimentary basins evolution. The characteristics of lithosphere within the major structural domains along the margin are quite variable. A narrow necking zone (40 km) in the southern segment, and approximately a 70 km hyper-thinned and exhumed domains are inferred in the central segment, while a narrow hyper-thinned domain (30–35 km) is observed in the northern segment of the margin. The southern segment of EIPM, adjacent to Southern Granulite Terrain has low Te values ranging from 5 to 10 km. The segment in the central margin, offshore Dharwar Craton has moderate Te values of 15–20 km. And the northern segment adjacent to onshore Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt has relatively high mechanical strength with Te values ranging from 25 to 35 km. The pattern of Te values and extent of major structural domains along the margin indicates that the southern, central and northern segments evolved as three different modes of rifting such as transform, hyperextended and hypoextended, respectively. In the oceanic domain, the lithospheric strength broadly increases with age following the thermal induced cooling plate model (600 °C isotherm). The thick sedimentary basin of the Bay of Bengal had attained the high value of elastic thickness (Te > 45 km) in the last 23 Myrs. The significant rheological strengthening of the oceanic lithosphere may be attribute to the following reasons: 1) increase in shear-wave velocity anomaly at a depth of 150 km and upper mantle density, 2) change in plate curvature caused by excessive deposition of Bengal Fan sediments in the deep ocean basins and subduction of oceanic plate under the Eurasian plate near the Bengal Fan and 3) modification of stress state of the lithosphere as a convergent interaction of the Indian plate with SE Asia.

Tough Transient Ionic Junctions Printed with Ionic Microgels (Adv. Funct. Mater. 20/2023)

Ionotronics An hourglass measures time by a regulated flow of sand through a narrow neck. In article number 2213677, Jianyu Li and co-workers show that with similar shapes, ionic junctions regulate ion flow, allowing unidirectional current conduction. Like sand in an hourglass, microgels can be the building blocks of such ionotronics to achieve printability and tough mechanics. The ionic junctions are critical elements in the world of soft and stretchable circuits. Cover illustration by SciFig (Mitra, Aram, and Farzan; https://sci-fig.com/).

HERNIA SAC NECK RATIO - A TOOL TO PREDICT THE DEVELOPMENT OF SYMPTOMS AND COMPLICATIONS IN UMBILICAL HERNIA

BACKGROUND: An umbilical hernia with a narrow neck and a wide sac is more prone to complications, thus the morphology of an umbilical hernia is crucial in determining the development of symptoms and consequences. The hernia sac-neck ratio and ultrasonographic ndings are used in this study to take into account the physical properties of the hernia in order to anticipate the onset of symptoms and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a prospective observational study conducted in Victoria Hospital from February 2021 to July 2022.Atotal of 115 patients with umbilical hernia underwent an ultrasound of abdomen to note the size of the neck of the hernia. The diameter of the hernia sac was measured clinically for both emergency and elective patients intra-operatively. The ratio was calculated and compared. RESULTS: The 115 research participants included 52 complicated cases and 63 uncomplicated cases. The mean hernia neck size in complicated case was 2.07 cm and in uncomplicated group was 2.53 cm. According to the ROC curve analysis, the mean hernia sac neck ratio, the study's area of interest, was higher in the complicated group than in the uncomplicated group (2.78 vs. 2.42) and was linked with a 49% sensitivity and 70% specicity at a cutoff ratio of 2.6. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the Hernia sac neck can be used as a specic tool for predicting complications and that individuals with a smaller neck and a bigger sac are more likely to have complications.

Influence of intermetallics and element concentrations on the performance of the heat treated HVDC AlSiMgMnCu alloys at nano-scale

A method to calculate element concentrations in Al alloy castings, based on the serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM) measurement at nano-scale, was proposed. For the high vacuum die casting (HVDC) Al-10Si-0.4MgMn-0.6Cu alloy, it reveals that the solute fractions of the Si, Mg and Cu in the Al matrix reaches about 0.39 wt%, 0.15 wt%, and 0.10 wt%, respectively, under the as-cast condition. After it was heat treated via T5 process, larger nano-scale precipitation phases with low density and non-uniform distribution were formed in the α-Al matrix. After T6-treated, the narrow neck regions of the seaweed-like α-Fe phase particles were fragmented as well, but could not dissolve into the α-Al matrix. The element concentrations of the Si, Mg and Cu in the α-Al matrix increases to 0.75 wt%, 0.23 wt%, and 0.43 wt%, respectively. Hence, finer nano-scale precipitation phases with high density and uniform distribution are formed in the Al matrix. Consequently, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the T6-treated alloy simultaneously increase of about 15%, 52% and 63%, respectively. It presents that the solute solution during high pressure die casting solidification has decisive effect on the mechanical properties before and after heat treatment.

Post-harvest Anthracnose of Carambola (Averrhoa carambola) Caused by Colletotrichum fructicola in China.

Carambola (star fruit), a popular fruit of Averrhoa carambola in many parts of the world, is considered to have many beneficial nutritional and medicinal effects (Lakmal, K., et al,2021). In March 2020, anthracnose disease was observed on carambola (about 15% of the fruit showed similar symptoms) in multiple local agricultural markets (113°36'E, 23°11'N) of the Yuancun district in Guangzhou, China. Initial symptoms of infected fruit samples appeared as water-soaked, brown lesions. As the disease progressed, numerous acervuli appeared on fruit surfaces. Salmon-colored spore masses were observed on some fruit. To isolate and identify the pathogen, small pieces (3-5 mm2) were excised from the lesion margins of the fruit, which were surface disinfested by 1% NaOCl (60 s), 70% ethanol (30 s) and then washed twice with sterile distilled water. After surface disinfestation, the tissues were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Pure cultures were obtained by transferring hyphal tips onto fresh PDA. Fungal isolates (YT-5/6/9) were obtained and the strain YT-5 was selected for further study. The colony of strain YT-5 grown on PDA for 7 days appeared to be cottony, white to pale gray with the presence of multiple masses of conidia. Conidia 13.5-20 × 4.8-6.5 μm (n = 50), hyaline, aseptate, straight and cylindrical with rounded ends. Perithecia were thick-walled and globose with a prominent, narrow neck. Asci 37.1-60.2 × 7.1-11.3 μm (n = 25), 4-8 spored, clavate to cymbiform. Ascospores 7.1-17.2 × 4.5-6.5 μm (n = 35), hyaline, large guttulate at the center, slightly curved with rounded ends. Based on the morphological characteristics, the strain was identified as Colletotrichum fructicola (Prihastuti et al. 2009). The molecular identity of the isolates was confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region, chitin synthase (CHS-1), actin (ACT), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta-tubulin (TUB2) genes (Prihastuti et al. 2009, Weir et al. 2012). BLASTN analysis of isolate YT-5 sequences, which were deposited in GenBank (ON428449, ON462353, ON886225, ON886224, ON462354) showed 100% identity with those of Colletotrichum fructicola (MW513778.1, MT918417.1, MW426526.1, MN525875.1, MT941526.1), respectively. A phylogenetic tree analysis based on the concatenated sequences confirmed the isolate YT-5 as C. fructicola. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on fresh fruit of carambola with the isolate YT-5. Healthy fruit was surface disinfested and inoculated with 5 mm mycelial discs of the strain YT-5 after being wounded with a needle or unwounded. Control fruit was inoculated with sterilized PDA plugs. All inoculated fruit was incubated at 26°C for 10 days post inoculation. Control fruit remained asymptomatic, whereas inoculated fruit developed symptomatic at the point of inoculation. The pathogenicity test was performed in duplicate. The pathogenic isolate of C. fructicola was successfully re-isolated on PDA from the symptomatic fruit, thus confirming Koch's postulates. C. fructicola has also been reported as a dominant and aggressive causal agent of anthracnose on sandy pear and avocado in China (Zhang et al. 2015; Li et al. 2022). To our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate and characterize C. fructicola causing carambola anthracnose and evaluate its pathogenicity in China, which will provide a better strategy for accurate diagnosis and effective management of anthracnose disease on carambola.

Contour device implantation versus coil embolization for treatment of narrow neck intracranial aneurysms

The novel Contour device is an intrasaccular flow disruption device designed for treatment of intracranial wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms. Outside its original purpose, Contour implantation can be used to treat aneurysms with a higher dome-to-neck ratio which would be suitable for conventional unassisted coil embolization. We compared both techniques in a retrospective single-center analysis. A total of 42 aneurysms from 42 patients with a dome-to-neck ratio of 1.6 or higher were included in this study. Data on technical success, implantation times, radiation dosages, procedural complications, reinterventions and recurrences were gathered and compared. Technical success was achieved in all cases with both techniques. Aneurysm embolization was achieved significantly faster in the Contour group compared to coiling (Overall p = 0.0002; r = 0.580; acute setting: p = 0.005, r = 0.531; elective setting: p = 0.002, r = 0.607). Significantly less radiation dosage was applied in the Contour group (Overall p = 0.002; r = 0.478; acute group p = 0.006; r = 0.552; elective group p = 0.045; r = 0.397). The number of complications was higher in the coiling group compared to the Contour group (Coiling 7/21 (33,3%); Contour 3/21 (14.3%). There was a higher rate of reinterventions in the coiling group (7.6% vs 21.4%). Outside its original intention, the Contour device seems to be a safe and fast alternative to coil embolization for the treatment of narrow-neck-aneurysms.

Abstract Number ‐ 115: A Case of Post‐Pipeline Headache : New Post‐Flow Diversion Headaches for Intracranial Aneurysm

Introduction Flow diversion using devices such as the “pipeline” stent is now a common treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Though much is known about the efficacy of the device, less is reported regarding potential side effects. We aimed to describe a case of giant aneurysm with new onset and severe headache Post‐ Pipeline flow diversion stent application. Methods A 70‐year‐old female patient was admitted to the neurology outpatient clinic with complaints of diplopia and drooping of the left eyelid that started three months ago. Neurological examination revealed decreased visual acuity and total ophthalmoplegia in the left eye. In neuroimaging,semi‐thrombosed aneurysm, 20*25*20 mm in size, compressing the optic nerve and cavernous structures was observed in the left internal carotid artery cavernous segment. In digital subtraction angiography, a narrow neck, 20*25*22 mm giant aneurysm was observed in the left ICA C4 segment in three‐dimensional imaging. In premedication, were started seven days ago acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg 1*1 and 48 hours ago ticagrelol 2*90 mg and Pipeline 4.25*30 mm flow diverter was applied to cover the aneurysm neck under general anesthesia. One day after the procedure, the patient developed a new headache behind the left eye, throbbing, sensitive to sound and light, unresponsive to paracetamol and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents.In contrast‐enhanced cranial MRI, an aneurysm causing a central thrombosed hypointense mass effect was observed in the left cavernous structure neighbor with a peripheral enhanced, hyperintense T2 Flair sequence compatible with peripheral vasogenic edema. Pulse 1 gram/day steroid treatment was applied to the patient for three days.The patient’s headache completely regressed at the end of the third month, and perianeurysmal inflammation disappeared in the same contrast‐enhanced cranial MRI.In the 12th month post‐procedure imaging of the patient, it was observed that the aneurysm was completely occluded. Results In the case, we reporta patient with neurologic worsening after flow‐diverter treatment for unruptured cerebral aneurysms. We found MR imaging evidence of perianeurysmal brain inflammation after the therapeutic thrombosis of the sac to be the main cause explaining clinical aggravation. Consequently, we may consider a perianeurysmal brain inflammation when encountering the association of a postprocedure headache with an increase in previous compressive signs, possibly associated with MR imaging signs of inflammation1,2. We tried pulse steroid therapy, which is accepted as the first‐line treatment for postimplantation syndrome after endovascular repair of aortic aneurysms in the literature for a patient who did not respond dramatically to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory therapy3.We experienced a significant improvement in the patient’s clinical findings and contrast‐enhanced MRI findings after steroid treatment. Conclusions An inflammatory reaction may aggravate, transiently, clinical symptoms after aneurysm treatment with a flow‐diverter device. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms as well as to achieve better prevention strategies.