Narrow Body Research Articles

Philometra mirabilis sp. n. (Nematoda: Philometridae), a new gonad-infecting parasite from the freshwater fish Cichla mirianae (Cichlidae) in Brazilian Amazon.

A new nematode species, Philometra mirabilis sp. n. (Philometridae), is described based on a subgravid female specimen recovered from the ovary of the freshwater perciform fish Cichla mirianae Kullander and Ferreira (Cichlidae) in the Juruena River (Amazon River basin), State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The new species is morphologically very different from congeners parasitizing fishes in South America, being mainly characterized by the markedly elongate, narrow body 171mm long (maximum width/body length 1:598), the presence of three small cone-shaped oesophageal teeth protruding out of the mouth and an onion-shaped oesophageal inflation distinctly separated from the posterior part of the oesophagus, the relative length of the oesophagus, and the rounded posterior end of the body without any caudal projections. It is the third known valid species of Philometra Costa, 1845 parasitizing a freshwater fish in South America and the second species of this genus reported from fishes of the family Cichlidae.

Biphasic Allometry of Cardiac Growth in the Developing Kangaroo Macropus fuliginosus.

Interspecific studies of adult mammals show that heart mass (M(h), g) increases in direct proportion to body mass (M(b), kg), such that M(h) ∝ M(b)(1.00). However, intraspecific studies on heart mass in mammals at different stages of development reveal considerable variation between species, M(h) ∝ M(b)(0.70-1.00). Part of this variation may arise as a result of the narrow body size range of growing placental mammals, from birth to adulthood. Marsupial mammals are born relatively small and offer an opportunity to examine the ontogeny of heart mass over a much broader body size range. Data from 29 western grey kangaroos Macropus fuliginosus spanning 800-fold in body mass (0.084-67.5 kg) reveal the exponent for heart mass decreases significantly when the joey leaves the pouch (ca. 5-6 kg body mass). In the pouch, the heart mass of joeys scales with hyperallometry, M(h(in-pouch)) = 6.39 M(b)(1.10 ± 0.05), whereas in free-roaming juveniles and adults, heart mass scales with hypoallometry, M(h(postpouch)) = 14.2 Mb(0.77 ± 0.08). Measurements of heart height, width, and depth support this finding. The relatively steep heart growth allometry during in-pouch development is consistent with the increase in relative cardiac demands as joeys develop endothermy and the capacity for hopping locomotion. Once out of the pouch, the exponent decreases sharply, possibly because the energy required for hopping is independent of speed, and the efficiency of energy storage during hopping increases as the kangaroo grows. The right:left ventricular mass ratios (0.30-0.35) do not change over the body mass range and are similar to those of other mammals, reflecting the principle of Laplace for the heart.

Four new species of the aplacophoran class Caudofoveata (Mollusca) from the southern Sea of Japan

Four new species of the aplacophoran class Caudofoveata are described from the southern Sea of Japan, at a depth of 50–105 m. These are two Scutopus species of the family Limifossoridae, one Falcidens species and one Chaetoderma species of the family Chaetodermatidae. Scutopus schanderi sp. nov. has a greenish body in life and a large, heavily sclerotized radula. Scutopus hamatanii sp. nov. has a brownish body in life and a small, slightly sclerotized radula. Falcidens ryokuyomaruae sp. nov. has a tail-like narrow posterior body with a dark brownish pedal shield and lanceolate sclerites with flared base and broad keel. Chaetoderma marisjaponicum sp. nov. has erect sclerites at the anterior body.http:/zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:35D0830A-F351-4FC4-BCD1-FA3C2B697AE5

A New Species ofSphenophorusSchönherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae) from Sinaloa, Mexico

Sphenophorus spangleri Anderson, new species, from Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico is described. The species is very similar to Sphenophorus lineatus Champion and Sphenophorus quadrivittatus Gyllenhal, two similarly colored Mexican species that have a red pronotum with three longitudinal black stripes. The new species is distinguished by its larger body size, eyes narrowly separated in dorsal view, antennal club with the apical pilose portion very small, proportionally narrow body form, very long, slender, linear tarsal articles which are not expanded laterally, and the pygidium with deep, dense, subconfluent punctures limited to the apical portion. Illustrations comparing the three species and a key to the three species are provided. A lectotype is designated for Sphenophorus lineatus Champion.

Fuel flow analysis for the cruise phase of commercial aircraft on domestic routes

From the point of view of the environmental impact of aviation, rather than fundamental strategies mainly intended for lower fuel consumption, and thereby less carbon dioxide emissions, more comprehensive approaches have emerged as climate optimized flight concepts, which promise potentially better strategies due to consideration of the tradeoff elements in a broader sense. Since climate optimized flight concepts introduce dynamic flight parameters for the best tradeoffs between economic and environmental indicators, defining the effect of these parameters on fuel consumption becomes ever more crucial. In this context, this study develops empirical equations for the cruise phase fuel flow which could be used to better understand fuel consumption. Major domestic routes in Turkey and the most frequently used narrow body commercial aircraft are investigated. The empirical equations are generated using actual flight data of 3857 flights (4320 cruise observations) performed by A319/320/321 and B737/B738 in Turkish air space. All of the flight data are obtained from the national flag carrier airline of Turkey, Turkish Airlines. According to the results, the effects of three main performance parameters, cruise altitude, mass and speed on the fuel flow, are characterized. The results show the amount of inefficient fuel usage through the carriage of unnecessary mass, departing from the optimum cruise altitude or expediting cruise flight.

Refinement of the Thermal Press Curing Process for Advanced Composites

Thermal press curing (TPC) is an alternative process to autoclaving for consolidating and curing thermoset and thermoplastic prepreg composite parts by pressing them between a heated “curing mold” and a customized rubber-faced “base mold” that are engineered to provide uniform temperature and pressure conditions. A study was performed with a kayak paddle part made from eight plies of woven carbon/epoxy prepreg material and formed by double diaphragm forming (DDF). The study expounds on the narrow body of TPC knowledge around three main objectives: (1) to experimentally compare TPC cured parts to a benchmark autoclave process using a realistic part shape with fine geometrical details, (2) to evaluate the necessity of vacuum bagging of TPC cured parts, and (3) to characterize the robustness/sensitivities of pressure application during the TPC process by varying both the total pressure applied to the base mold and the location the hydraulic press ram applied pressure to the base mold. Maximum temperature and pressure variations around the target levels over the entire clamped tool surface were measured as 5.0 °C and 5.5%, respectively, both of which were well within the manufacturer's recommendations. The TPC part had fewer defects, was generally thinner, and had a higher fiber volume fraction than a comparable autoclaved part. Little difference was observed between the TPC parts made with and without vacuum bagging. Parts with too little pressure (90%) resulted in more thickness variation and defects than too much pressure (110%). Finally, TPC parts exhibit some thickness variation, as expected, when ram force is applied off the center of pressure (COP).

Agrilus rubensteini, a New Species From the Philippines Related to the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Abstract. A new species from the Philippines closely related to the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is described: Agrilus rubensteini Chamorro and Jendek, new species. This is the first species in the A. cyaneoniger species-group recorded for the Philippines. Agrilus rubensteini resembles A. pseudolubopetri Jendek and Chamorro specifically by the elongate and narrow body shape, the narrow marginal and submarginal pronotal interspace not reaching the anterior pronotal margin, absent prehumerus and arcuate elytral apices, however, it can be easily distinguished from any other species in the group by the presence of golden tomentum in lateral pronotal impressions and laterally on ventrites 3 and 4.

Trypanosoma epinepheli n. sp. (Kinetoplastida) from a farmed marine fish in China, the brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)

An outbreak of trypanosomosis occurred in farmed Epinephelus fuscoguttatus in Xincun Bay, province of Hainan, South China Sea. The infected fish showed loss of appetite, lethargy, emaciation, severe anemia, and splenomegaly. Light and scanning electron microscopic examination of bloodstream trypomastigotes revealed morphological features typical for small-sized marine fish trypanosomes. The trypanosome possesses a short body length (mean 22.3 μm, range 17.6-25.9 μm) and narrow body width (mean1.7 μm, range 1.3-2.0 μm), a central nucleus, a narrow but distinct undulating membrane, and a relatively long free flagellum (mean 10.1 μm, range 7.4-13.3 μm). The kinetoplast is situated at approximately one quarter of body length from posterior extremity. The division process of this trypanosome was observed in the peripheral blood of the host, and occurred by transverse constriction at a point between the kinetoplasts. Comparison of the small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) sequences revealed that the trypanosome from E. fuscoguttatus showed 93.4-97.1% identity with the available sequences from Trypanosoma spp. from other piscine hosts. Phylogenetic analysis supported the existence of an aquatic clade, and the present trypanosome grouped with other marine fish trypanosomes, in a subclade together with Trypanosoma senegalense. Based on the differences in morphological characteristics, host species, and molecular data, the trypanosome infecting E. fuscoguttatus is considered to be a new species, for which we propose the name Trypanosoma epinepheli n. sp.

Plasticity of basal cells during postnatal development in the rat epididymis

Our previous study has shown that basal cells sense luminal factors by forming a narrow body projection that can cross epithelial tight junctions. As a first step toward characterizing the structural plasticity of basal cells, in this study, we followed their appearance and morphology in the rat epididymis and vas deferens (VD) during postnatal development and examined their modulation by androgens in adulthood. Immunofluorescence labeling for cytokeratin 5 showed that basal cells are absent at birth. They progressively appear in a retrograde manner from the VD and cauda epididymis to the initial segments during the postnatal weeks PNW1-3. At the onset of differentiation, basal cells are in contact with the lumen and their nucleus is located at the same level as that of adjacent epithelial cells. Basal cells then position their nucleus to the base of the epithelium, and while some are still in contact with the lumen, others have a 'dome-shaped' appearance. At PNW5-6, basal cells form a loose network at the base of the epithelium, and luminal-reaching basal cells are rarely detected. The arrival of spermatozoa during PNW7-8 did not trigger the development of projections in basal cells. However, cells with a narrow luminal-reaching projection began to reappear between PNW8 and PNW12 in the corpus and the cauda. Treatment with flutamide from PNW10 to PNW12 significantly reduced the number of luminal-reaching basal cell projections. In summary, basal cells exhibit significant structural plasticity during differentiation. Fewer apical-reaching projections were detected after flutamide treatment in adulthood, indicating the role of androgens in the luminal-sensing function of basal cells.

The Vision of Piers Plowman, Said to be Wrote by Chaucer:

The Vision of Piers Plowman, Said to be Wrote by Chaucer:

Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (Beals-Hecht syndrome): a rare connective tissue disorder

Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) or Beals-Hecht syndrome (BHS) presents a very rare connective tissue disorder characterized by narrow body habitus, crumpled ears, arachnodactyly, contractures, and scoliosis. In our case report, the physical examination revealed typical physical findings to determine the physical diagnosis of BHS in contrast to negative finding on DNA analysis. From clinical point-of-view, it is important to include a complex clinical approach in making the diagnosis.

SIMULINK를 이용한 2-스풀 분리형 배기방식 터보팬 엔진의 구성품 성능맵 생성 및 성능모사에 관한 연구

본 연구에서는 중형 항공기의 추진 기관인 2 스풀 분리-배기 형식 터보팬 엔진 (BR715-56)의 성능 해석을 수행하기 위하여 상용코드인 MATLAB/SIMULINK를 이용하여 성능모델을 구성하였으며 유량 및 일 조합에 새로운 조합 서브시스템 블록을 새로이 개발하였다. 성능 모사는 먼저 팬, 고압압축기, 고압터빈, 저압터빈 구성품 성능 맵들을 축척방법을 이용하여 유사성능 맵들로 부터 생성하였고, 다음은 탈설계점 성능 해석을 할 수 있도록 구성품들 간 유량과 일 조합이 이루어 질수 있도록 하였다. 제안된 SIMULINK 성능모델은 정상 및 동적 모사와 사용자 편의의 장점을 가지고 있으며, 다양한 작동 조건들에서 개발된 프로그램을 이용한 탈설계점 해석 결과들이 GASTURB에 의한 해석 결과들과 잘 일치함이 확인 되었다. In this work, a steady-state performance modeling and off-design performance analysis of the 2-spool separate-flow turbofan engine named (BR715-56) which is a power plant for the narrow body commercial aircraft is carried out for engine performance behaviors investigation and condition monitoring using a commercial code MATLAB/SIMULINK. Firstly, the engine component maps of fan, high pressure compressor, high pressure turbine and low pressure turbine are generated from similar component maps using the scaling method, and then the off-design performance simulation model is constructed by the mass flow matching and the work matching between components. The model is developed using SIMULINK, which has advantages of easy steady-stare and dynamic modelling and user friendly interface function. It is found that the off-design performance analysis results using the proposed model are well agreed with the performance analysis results by GASTURB at various operating conditions.

A suspected case of air embolism in endonasal surgery using CO2laser

A suspected case of air embolism in endonasal surgery using CO₂laser

Recommendations on size and position of surgically and gastrically implanted electronic tags in European silver eel

Information on European silver eel Anguilla anguilla anatomy was collected to gain information on limitations on size and placement of electronic tags. To reduce the eel’s ability to bite its own sutures, it may be an advantage to make surgical incisions close to the head, but this increases the risk of cutting the liver. Recommended placement of an incision was slightly further from the head than one-fourth of the fish’s body length (L T) to avoid damaging the liver. Long, flexible tags comprising various components can be adjusted to the narrow body cavity and undulating movements of eels. There was space for surgically implanting a 100 mm long tag (11 mm in diameter) in the body cavity of eels with L T ≥380 mm. During gastric tagging, tag length is limited by stomach length. Silver eels with L T 380 to 998 mm had stomach lengths of 47 to 185 mm, indicating that there was space for short gastric tags in the smallest eels, but that there was space for relatively long tags in larger eels. The distance from the snout to the start of the stomach constituted 15 to 23% of L T, indicating how far the transmitter should be inserted during tagging. This information aids the development of tags and tagging methods that consider the unique morphological and behavioral features of eels.

Low-frequency dielectric dispersion of brain tissue due to electrically long neurites

The dielectric properties of brain tissue are important for understanding how neural activity is related to local field potentials and electroencephalograms. It is known that the permittivity of brain tissue exhibits strong frequency dependence (dispersion) and that the permittivity is very large in the low-frequency region. However, little is known with regard to the cause of the large permittivity in the low-frequency region. Here, we postulate that the dielectric properties of brain tissue can be partially accounted for by assuming that neurites are of sufficient length to be "electrically long." To test this idea, we consider a model in which a neurite is treated as a long, narrow body, and it is subjected to a stimulus created by electrodes situated in the region external to it. With regard to this electric stimulus, the neurite can be treated as a passive cable. Assuming adequate symmetry so that the tissue packed with multiple cables is equivalent to an isolated system consisting of a single cable and a surrounding extracellular resistive medium, we analytically calculate the extracellular potential of the tissue in response to such an externally created alternating-current electric field using a Green's function that we obtained previously. Our results show that brain tissue modeled by such a cable existing within a purely resistive extracellular medium exhibits a large effective permittivity in the low-frequency region. Moreover, we obtain results suggesting that an extremely large low-frequency permittivity can coexist with weak low-pass filter characteristics in brain tissue.

The promise and perils of Antarctic fishes

The waters around the Antarctic are a treasure trove of fauna specially adapted to extreme cold temperatures. However, as with many other marine ecosystems, its life forms are threatened by human actions.

외연적 유한요소기법을 활용한 리저널급 항공기 동체 내추락 특성 분석

The impact energy absorbing is a very important characteristic of an aircraft to enhance the survivability of occupants when an aircraft is under the survivable accident such as an emergency landing condition. The impact energy is generally transmitted into the occupant and absorbed through a landing gear, a subfloor (lower structure of fuselage), and a seat. The characteristic of crash energy absorbing of a subfloor depends on the type of an aircraft, a shape of structure, and an applied material. Therefore, the study of crashworthiness characteristics of a subfloor structure is very important work to improve the safety of an aircraft. In this study, a finite element model of a narrow body fuselage section for the 80~90 seats regional aircraft was developed and crash simulation was executed using an explicit finite element analysis. Through survey of the impact energy distribution of each structural part of a fuselage and floor-level acceleration response, the crashworthiness characteristics and performance was evaluated.

The Success Rate of Narrow Body Implants Used for Supporting Immediate Provisional Restorations

Implants were first designed to be used in the reconstruction of edentulous mandibles. However, with the technological advancement, enormous changes were made to improve the implant design and surface characteristics leading to the wide use of implants in the replacement of missing teeth. During the transition from an edentulous span to a fixed prosthesis, narrow body implants (NBIs) have been proposed to enhance patient comfort and function. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the survival and success rates of NBIs used for supporting immediately nonfunctional loaded provisional fixed partial denture (PFPD). Either 2.2- or 2.4-mm-diameter dental implants were placed transmucosally into the edentulous ridges of 10 partially edentulous patients. PFPD of self-cured bis-acryl composite material were made using either a vacuform template chairside or a relined prefabricated PFPD. Occlusal adjustments were made to ensure that there was no functional loading on the provisional restorations before they were secured onto the transitional implants. At 1 year, the implant success and survival rates were 38.7% and 93.5%, respectively, with a mean percentage of bone loss of 9.46% (0%-40%) and a mean bone loss of 1.19 mm (range: 0-3.5 mm). With a favorable implant survival rate, the use of NBIs to support provisional restorations seemed to be a feasible treatment option. In addition, there is merit for research on the long-term use of NBIs-supported final prostheses.

78. Genomic profiling in breast cancer

Methods:Evaluationof anew techniqueof laparoscopic transanal proctectomy by TEM device in a prospective unfavorable selected group of patients. Results: A total of thirty men with anterior-advanced or recurrent low rectal tumors joint with narrow pelvis and/or high body mass index were operated by TAEP. Twenty-nine patients had received preoperative treatment. A sphincter-sparing surgery was always performed with a 6% conversion rate, no postoperative mortality and a 30% morbidity rate. The mesorectal resection was graded as ’good’ in all patients, while the median lymph node yield was 13. R0 resection was achieved in 26 patients (87%), the median radial and distal margins were 7 mm and 9 mm, respectively. The shortterm stoma closure rate was 85%. Conclusion: TAEP is a safe and feasible alternative surgical option to conventional laparoscopic techniques that offers significant advantages for successfully performing radical rectal resection in selected unfavorable cases. Further multicenter investigations with larger cohorts will be necessary to validate the interest and reproducibility of this new surgical strategy.

A Nation Dispossessed: The Tea Party Movement and Race

This analysis combines both qualitative information and quantitative data. The author reviewed numerous first person reports of Tea Party rallies, conferences and meetings from every corner of the country, and read most of the movement’s own literature. The Tea Parties are described as a unique movement appearing at a specific historical moment. The movement encompasses constituent national networks, core members and more loosely aligned supporters. Its supporters are overwhelmingly white and middle class. Matters of race and national identity motivate many Tea Partiers as well as a sense of dispossession from their place of privilege in the racial order. This analysis takes at face value the movement’s dress, symbols and invocation of the constitution, as well as its claims to embody the aspirations of a narrow body of ‘real Americans’. By making an exclusionary claim on the nation’s founding moments, they actually set themselves apart from other Americans.