Narrowband Wireless Communication Research Articles

Организационно-правовые направления совершенствования системы обеспечения антитеррористической защищённости объектов транспорта: приоритет современных информационных технологий

Authors validate the relevance of development for regulatory and other organizational measures, which ensure public safety in railway transport. Internet of Things and Big Data technologies are inspected in part of ensuring the security of transport facilities. Fragments of the Concept for the construction and development of narrow-band wireless communication networks “Internet of Things” in the territory of the Russian Federation are being studied. Directions for the use of modern information technologies are proposed. Authors summarize expert opinions on amendments to the legislation on transport security, on control and supervision in the field of transport security.

A Design for Increasing the Capacity Fourfold in NB-IoT Systems using A Modified Symbol Time Compression Approach

One of the most significant obstacles facing the Internet of Things (IoT) is how to offer support for communication to an expanding number of linked items. Narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT), which is currently an aspect of fifth-generation (5G), is a new narrow-band wireless communication technology that has evolved in recent years to address this issue. To save power, NB-IoT currently exploits modulation schemes that are characterized by low order to deliver low data rate. However, as the number of applications dependent on data rate increases, NB-IoT needs to use data rate improvement technologies that do not consume additional power. This paper proposes a design for quadrupling the total number of linked items in the NB-IoT system using a symbol time compression methodology. A modified symbol time compression (MSTC) approach is specifically suggested, which could preserve 75% of the bandwidth (BW) by reducing the symbol time to a quarter (25%). This study suggests a design that uses the MSTC method four times in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (4-MSTC-OFDM) to take advantage of the unused bandwidth and has the capability to deliver a quadruple quantity of information in comparison to the standard OFDM system. Simulations show that the suggested design (4-MSTC-OFDM) lowers the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 3.9 dB (at BER = 10-6) and 4.4 dB (at BER = 10-4) compared to the OFDM system with 16-QAM (16-QAM-OFDM) when sending the same amount of data over the Rayleigh fading channel and additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGN). Moreover, the results of simulations indicate that the proposed design possesses an identical BER as the conventional OFDM technique, implying that using the suggested method does not degrade the BER.

Study of Interference Detection of Rail Transit Wireless Communication System Based on Fourth-Order Cyclic Cumulant.

The wireless communication system is used to provide dispatching, control, communication and other services for rail transit operations. In practice, interference from other wireless communication systems will affect the normal operation of trains, so it is an urgent problem to study the interference detection algorithms for rail transit applications. In this paper, the fourth-order cyclic cumulant (FOCC) of signals with different modulation modes is analyzed for the narrow-band wireless communications system of rail transit. Based on the analysis results, an adjacent-frequency interference detection algorithm is proposed according to the FOCC of the received signal within the predetermined cyclic frequency range. To detect interference with the same carrier frequency, a same-frequency interference detection algorithm using the relationship between the FOCC and the received power is proposed. The performance of the proposed detection algorithms in terms of correct rate and computational complexity is analyzed and compared with the traditional second-order statistical methods. Simulation results show that when an interference signal coexists with the expected signal, the correct rates of the adjacent-frequency and the same-frequency interference detection algorithms are greater than 90% when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is higher than 2 dB and -4 dB, respectively. Under the practical rail transit wireless channel with multipath propagation and the Doppler effect, the correct rates of the adjacent-frequency and the same-frequency interference detection algorithms are greater than 90% when the SNR is higher than 3 dB and 7 dB, respectively. Compared with the existing second-order statistical methods, the proposed method can detect both the adjacent-frequency and the same-frequency interference when the interference signals coexist with the expected signal. Although the computational complexity of the proposed method is increased, it is acceptable in the application of rail transit wireless communication interference detection.

Inset-fed microstrip patch antenna for ubiquitous wireless communication applications

This paper presents an inset-fed microstrip patch antenna for ubiquitous wireless communication applications. The studied design is comprised of an inset-fed rectangular radiator and a partial ground plane and is printed on an FR4 microwave substrate. The measured results reveal that the fabricated prototype achieved a good impedance bandwidth of 1.78 GHz (2.02 GHz-3.8 GHz) and is able to cover well-established narrow-bands including ISM, IMT, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WiMAX, WLAN and 3.5 GHz for sub-6 GHz 5G communication system. Moreover, it achieved a maximum gain of 5.14 dBi, a maximum efficiency of 94.16% and exhibits stable radiation patterns which make it a suitable candidate to be used in narrow-band wireless communication services.

Low Noise Amplifier Design and Performance Analysis of RF Front-End for Narrow Band Receivers

This manuscript presents the low noise amplifier design and performance analysis of receiver RF front-end for narrowband wireless communications. The LNA is a central building block of the wireless receiver. A single-ended cascode CMOS LNA is purposeful for reconfigurable applications such as Wireless LAN. The scope of this manuscript is to design an LNA appropriate for wireless applications with improved performance metrics. The contributions of this paper are noise reduction and high gain using an inductive degeneration common source stage. The proposed LNA espouses the entire simulation results in the frequency band of 2.44GHz. The excellent Noise Figure obtained as 0.95dB; the preferable power gain (S21) is 17dB, also the results of P-1dB of -17.3dBm, IIP3 of -10.7dBm at 2.44GHz, respectively. However, the perfect input and output matching network is achieved with proper reverse shielding and excellent stability.

ID Insertion and Data Tracking with Frequency Offset for Physical Wireless Parameter Conversion Sensor Networks.

As the applications of the internet of things are becoming widely diversified, wireless sensor networks require real-time data reception, accommodation of access from several sensors, and low power consumption. In physical wireless parameter conversion sensor networks (PhyC-SN), all the sensors use frequency shift keying as the modulation scheme and then access the channel to the fusion center, simultaneously. As a result, the fusion center can recognize the statistical tendency of all the sensing results at a time from the frequency spectrum of the received signal. However, the information source, i.e., the sensor, cannot be specified from the received signal because no ID-indicating sensor is inserted to the signal. The data-tracking technique for tracing the time continuity of the sensing results is available for decomposing the sequence of the sensing results per sensor but the error tracking, which is a wrong recognition between the sensing results and the sensor, occurs owing to the similarity of the sensing results. This paper proposes the sensing result separation technique using a fractional carrier frequency offset (CFO) for PhyC-SN. In the proposed scheme, the particular fractional CFO is assigned to each user and it is useful for the ID specifying sensor. The fractional CFO causes inter-carrier interference (ICI). The ICI cancellation of the narrowband wireless communications is proposed. The two types of data-tracking techniques are proposed and are selectively used by the fusion center. Since the proposed data-tracking technique is multi-dimensional, high accuracy of data tracking is achieved even under the similar tendency of the sensing results. Based on computer simulation, we elucidate the advantage of the proposed sensing results separation.

Performance of Poly-Polarization Multiplexing in Narrow-Band Wireless Communication Aided by Pre-Compensation and Multi-Notch OPPFs

In this letter, a poly-polarization multiplexing system applying orthogonal dual polarized antennas is designed to enhance the spectrum efficiency for narrow-band wireless communication. In order to minimize the co-channel interference, we apply the multi-notch oblique projection polarization filters (OPPFs) to separate parallel streams at the same frequency at the receiver. Due to the polarization dependent loss effects of the narrow-band polarized channel, the pre-compensation method is proposed to mitigate the impairment of the signal-to-interference ratio in OPPFs. Whereas, the signal-to-noise of polarized channel would decrease after pre-compensation. Therefore, the optimal pre-compensation coefficient is calculated to obtain maximum capacity of the multiplexing system by signal to interference plus noise ratio. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of our design.

3D Miniature Antenna Design for RFID Applications in IoT Environment

The antenna application for internet of things (IoT) in urban infrastructure is introduced. Here, an effective design of microstrip 3D antenna for a RFID system in IOT which can also be used in narrow-band wireless communication is proposed. The antenna is combination of meander line techniques implemented with 3D structure resulted to miniature size of antenna that will be useful in many application. The critical parameters analysis and simulation results demonstrate the validity of the antenna with high gain and impedance matching are discussed as well.

Risks posed by obesity to body-surface narrowband wireless communication

Little work has been done on the effect of being overweight on the wireless narrowband radio propagation of wearable medical instruments. In this paper, by applying a finite-difference time-domain technique and a statistical learning method, the authors find that being overweight might be an obstacle to body-surface wireless communication. The findings have certain instructive meanings for those engineers who are designing on-body medical instruments for patients, especially those patients who are overweight.

Low Profile UWB Log‐Periodic Dipole Antenna for Wireless Communication with Notched Band

ABSTRACTA low profile Log‐Periodic dipole microstrip antenna is proposed for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. Logarithmically scaled dipoles with defected ground plane are fabricated on both of the sides of the dielectric substrate. The triangular taper transition is used for providing better matching. The proposed antenna shows an impedance bandwidth of 3.3–20.7 GHz, which covers the entire C, X, and Ku bands and partially S and K bands. The antenna shows stable radiation characteristics with a good front‐to‐back ratio for entire operating band. Further, a U‐shaped slot is integrated with the UWB antenna to provide a rejection function at narrowband wireless communication system such as IEEE 802.11a in USA (5.150–5.350 GHz and 5.725–5.825 GHz). The notched band is created at 5.8 GHz. The measured results reveal that the proposed antenna offers a very wide bandwidth with notched band at 5.8 GHZ. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2901–2906, 2013

Engineering Management of Urban Infrastructure Based on Internet of Things

We discuss the application of internet of things (IOT) in the management of urban infrastructure and study critical technology in IOT. As an important component and critical technology in IOT, radio frequency identification (RFID) system provides an effective method to detect, monitor or control the object and is composed of tag, reader and antenna. At last we design a compact microstrip antenna with low cost and small weight for a RFID system in IOT which can also be used in narrow-band wireless communication.

Band-notched printed log-periodic dipole antennas using loaded slots pair (LSP) resonators

Novel printed log-periodic dipole antennas (PLPDAs) with 3.5/5.5 GHz dual band-notched characteristics are investigated in this paper. The proposed antennas are comprised of a modified ground plane etched with rectangular slots, which are capable of tailoring the input impedance. Loaded slots pair (LSP) resonators are cut in the radiators to achieve band-notch mechanism. By etching several pairs of U-shaped LSPs on the radiation structure of the PLPDA, multiple notched bands are generated for blocking the interference from other narrow band wireless communication systems. Antennas with the notched-band of World Interoperability for Microwave Access/Wireless Local Area Network operating frequencies are designed and fabricated. The measured impedance bandwidth defined by voltage standing wave ratios <2 of 8.0 GHz (3.0–11 GHz), with the dual notched bands of 3.3–3.6 and 5.0–6.0 GHz, is obtained. Measured and simulated reflection coefficient curves are provided along with normalized beam patterns, gain and group delay values as a function of frequency.

Antenna Design for IOT in Urban Infrastructure

The application of internet of things (IOT) in the urban infrastructure is introduced and as a critical technology in IOT radio frequency identification (RFID) includes tag, reader and antenna which provide an effective method to detect, monitor or control the object. We design an effective microstrip patch antenna for a RFID system in IOT which can also be used in narrow-band wireless communication. The critiZAcal parameters are discussed and simulation results demonstrate the validity of the antenna with high gain and impedance matching.

Downsampling technique for computational complexity reduction in narrowband wireless communication systems

Presented is a novel downsampling technique for narrowband wireless communication systems. The presented technique employs digital notch filters for downsampling in a low IF receiver. The presented results are compared with conventional results. Although these are found to be almost the same, the presented technique has lower computational complexity than the conventional technique.

Ultrawideband Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna With Multiple Notched Bands

A printed log-periodic dipole antenna (PLPDA) with multiple notched bands is proposed for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. The impedance bandwidth of 3.1 GHz–10.6 GHz with VSWR less than 2 is achieved based on the wideband property of the PLPDA as well as the half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) Balun. Different from omnidirectional UWB antennas, the end-fire radiation pattern of the PLPDA is more stable within the UWB band. Multiple notched bands are generated by integrating U-shaped slots into the PLPDA for blocking the interference from other narrow band wireless communication systems. Several antennas with the notched frequencies of 3.5 GHz, 5.5 GHz, 6.8 GHz, and 8.5 GHz are designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results are in agreement with the predicted results.

Coexistence Between UWB and Narrow-Band Wireless Communication Systems

Ultra-wide-band (UWB) signals are suitable for underlay communications, over a frequency band where, possibly, other systems are active. Such coexistence of UWB and other systems is possible if the mutual interference has a small impact on their respective performance. This paper aims to present recent results on the interference and coexistence among UWB systems and other conventional narrow-band (NB) systems. Specifically, we consider a point-to-point UWB (NB) under the interference generated by a finite number of NB (UWB) radio transmitters. We consider channels including additive white Gaussian noise and multipath fading both for the victim and the interfering links, and different receiver architectures. While our main focus is on UWB systems based on impulse radio, wide-band systems employing carrier-based direct-sequence spread-spectrum and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing are also considered.

Ultrawideband through-the-wall propagation

The propagation of ultrawideband (UWB) signals in indoor environments is an important issue with significant impacts on the future direction and scope of UWB technology. The propagation of UWB signals is governed, among other things, by the properties of materials in the propagation medium. The information on electromagnetic properties of construction materials in the UWB frequency range would provide valuable insights into the appreciation of the capabilities and limitations of UWB technology. Although electromagnetic properties of certain construction materials over relatively narrow bandwidths in GHz frequency ranges are available, ultrawideband characterisation of most typical construction materials for UWB communication purposes has not been reported. In narrowband wireless communications, only the magnitude of insertion loss has been the quantity of interest. But for UWB signals, in addition to the magnitude, the phase information is an equally important factor that needs to be accounted for. In fact, UWB signals not only suffer attenuation when propagating through walls, but also suffer distortion due to the dispersive properties of the walls. This research examines propagation through typical construction materials and their ultrawideband characterisation. Ten commonly used construction materials are chosen for this investigation. Results for the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the materials over the UWB frequency range are presented. Accuracy of the measured results is discussed and distortions of UWB signals due to the dispersive properties of wall materials are addressed.

Channel estimation in narrowband wireless communication systems

AbstractChannel estimation is an integral part of standard adaptive receiver designs used in narrowband, digital wireless communication systems. In this tutorial paper, commonly used approaches to channel estimation are reviewed. Both time‐invariant and time‐varying channels are considered. For time‐varying channels, both pilot symbol interpolation and data‐directed channel tracking are considered. Applications include the Global System for Mobile communications, the Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution system, and another Time‐Division Multiple‐Access system known as Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronics Industry Association/Interim Standard—136 (TIA/EIA/IS‐136 or IS‐136). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

The 220 MHz ITS spectral allocation: potential, pitfalls, and applications

In 1992 five narrowband frequency pairs in the 220-222 MHz band were allocated for intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications. These allocations are capable of supporting low-rate digital communications (4-30 kb/s). This article examines potential applications within the ITS program which can effectively use the low data rate that these allocations can provide. An overview of the narrowband wireless data communication challenges and the communication theoretic techniques likely to be employed on high-performance modems is provided. An experimental system was built, and preliminary field test results are presented which demonstrate that spectral efficiencies in excess of 3 b/s/Hz are achievable in practical modems.