Narrow Approach Research Articles

The Concept and Signs of Remote Crimes

Introduction. The article provides a comprehensive criminal law study of remote crimes. The modern doctrine of criminal law in this field is analyzed. It is established that the opinions of modern scientists regarding the legal understanding of the category of "remote crime" differ. Some authors reveal this category through theft committed using various achievements of the IT industry, which we recognize as a narrow approach. Other researchers rightly expand the boundaries of the remote method of criminal activity, bringing under the category of "remote crime" any crime that is prohibited by criminal law and excludes direct physical contact between the victim and the subject of the crime. In this regard, it is proved that remote crimes, which today form a separate independent group of a wide variety of socially dangerous acts, are endowed with special legally significant signs.Materials and methods. Are presented by referring to the modern doctrine of criminal law, criminology and the practice of applying criminal law in law enforcement, as well as the complex use of such general scientific methods as dialectics, logic, comparison, juxtaposition, induction, deduction, generalization, division, as well as the following private scientific methods of cognition: comparative legal, formal-logical, system-structural, content analysis and mathematical.Research results. The analysis made it possible to consider theoretical and legal approaches to the interpretation of remote crimes, clarify the concept of remote crimes in modern criminal law, study modern judicial practice on the issues of applied interpretation and criminal qualification of remote crimes, identify and characterize the key objective and subjective signs of these crimes, focus on the increasing criminogenic potential of crimes committed at a distance and their increased public danger to ordinary citizens, so it is for the security of society and the state as a whole.Discussion and conclusion. Remote crimes are a special kind of socially dangerous acts prohibited by criminal law, committed in conditions of territorial separation between the subject of the crime and the object of the crime (victim), as well as characterized by the absence of direct physical contact between them, including with full or partial mediation of criminal actions (inaction). The signs that distinguish remote crimes from other types of crimes are accumulated in the objective side and characterize a special method and a special environment in which a socially dangerous act finds its development.

Emojis: digital flyers of neoliberal feminism

ABSTRACT Emojis are digital icons incorporated into almost all digital devices and platforms for online text-based interactions. They represent facial expressions, body gestures, different characters, ideas, concepts, and more. This paper scrutinizes the portrayal of female characters in emojis, suggesting that they accord with the principles of “neoliberal feminism.” Neoliberal feminism is a socio-political and economic approach to feminism that emphasizes individual empowerment and market-driven solutions to gender inequality, often critiqued for its potential to prioritize the interests of privileged women while neglecting systemic issues. Neoliberal feminism is closely linked to middle-classness, which is the axis of identity representation in emoji images. The set has been widely described as “universal.” Utilizing Foucauldian discourse analysis, this paper posits that emojis’ depiction of female characters follows a narrow approach. On the one hand, the visage of emoji characters implies the collection’s limitedness to the depiction of identities rooted in Western culture. On the other hand, in its incorporation of femininity, the series is confined to the depiction of women of middle-class backgrounds who are the potential ideals under neoliberal feminism. The paper concludes that the emoji set manifests a picture of equality that could be best explained through the notion of “neoliberal feminism.”

Measuring and Forecasting the Development Concept of the “Green” Macrosystem Using Data Analysis Technologies

A research framework is formed by the semantics of the “green” macrosystem, supported by a methodological approach, data analysis, and forecasting, with a focus on the dynamics of transition to a qualitatively new state. The purpose of the work is to develop conceptual provisions and methodological tools for assessing the implementation of the concept of a “green” macrosystem. Applying methods of system analysis, content analysis, formalization, statistical analysis (technologies of knowledge discovery in databases and time series analysis), and discriminant analysis contributed to achieving the goal. As a result of the research, the categorical apparatus of a “green” economy was clarified by outlining narrow and broad approaches to defining the “green” macrosystem; the author’s method of assessing the implementation of the concept of the “green” macrosystem was modified by expanding the list of factors of greening the economic system, transforming the condition of the “green” corridor to calculate the developed dynamic coefficient of transition to the concept of the “green” macrosystem (DCGM), and adapting the method to the macrosystem level; the regularities of a transition to the concept of a “green” macrosystem were revealed. The novelty of the study lies in the proposal of an integral DCGM indicator, which avoids the problems of normalization, weighting, and loss of relevant data, incorporates the determinants of the “green” economy (natural resources and pollution), and relies on available data. The formulated provisions develop the theoretical basis on which to transform the macrosystem to the “green” concept and can be taken into account in the implementation’s framework of strategic planning documents for the greening of production and economic systems.

Поняття та види кіберправопорушень в кримінальному праві

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the concept and classification of cyber offenses in criminal law. The author analyzes different approaches to defining the terms "computer crimes", "cyber crimes", "Internet crime" and others, emphasizing the difference in their application in legal science. Special attention is paid to the positions of scientists regarding the interpretation of cybercrime and its place in the field of criminal law. The author states that two approaches to understanding cybercrimes have been formed today, narrow and broad. The narrow approach focuses on the protection of information security, while the broad approach covers all types of offenses committed using information and telecommunication technologies. The lack of a unified approach to the definition of cybercrimes has a negative impact on the practice of countering these criminal acts. The author emphasizes the importance of unifying the conceptual apparatus and adapting criminal legislation to new challenges in the field of cyber security. The article examines international legal acts, in particular the Convention on Cybercrime, which defines five groups of crimes, including crimes against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data, as well as crimes related to content and copyright infringement, as well as national legislation, in particular the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Law "On Basic Principles of Ensuring Cybersecurity of Ukraine" The analysis of various classifications of cybercrimes proposed by scientists, which cover violations of constitutional rights, property rights, public morality and state security, is carried out. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the importance of adapting national legal systems to the rapidly changing conditions of the digital age and developing new legal tools to protect against cybercrimes. The main conclusion is the need for a wider recognition and definition of cybercrime in order to effectively understand and counter these criminal acts at the national and international levels. Key words: cyberspace; cybercrime; computer crimes; cybercrime; the Internet; criminal responsibility.

The Caregiver-Child Relationship Checkup Program for Infants 4–12 Months of Age: Application for Family Centers

The current government support for families with infants centers around financial aid and physical health checkups. This study aims to extend these narrow approaches by developing a new type of checkup that focuses on the relationship between caregivers and infants, as well as the entire family system. Based on various theoretical perspectives, including family systems theory, attachment theory, and cognitive-behavioral theory, the online caregiver-child relationship checkup, which consists of assessment and feedback sessions, was conducted using multiple methods (self-report questionnaires, observations of parent-child play interactions, and clinical interviews). Four families with infants aged 4 to 12 months participated in this study. A single-case research design, specifically a multiple baselines design, was employed. The results from 7 to 9 assessment points over 4 months showed that the relationship checkup improved multiple outcome indices, including the understanding of parental strengths and weaknesses, knowledge of relationship improvement, co-parenting relationships, parental stress, and parent-child relationships. Additionally, participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the program and a strong intention to recommend it. Qualitative interviews indicated that they received reliable guidance from their family consultant amidst the abundant information provided by pseudo-experts on social networking sites (SNS). Coaching while reviewing videos of parent-child interactions was also considered effective in terms of improving their parental competence. Implications for practice and policy were also discussed.

Typification of Projects for the Transition to Cloud Services

Introduction. Digital solutions make the operation of the company clearer, reduce staff costs, and provide data security. Various aspects of automation, digitalization and cloud technologies are described in the literature. The question is raised about the quality of the methodological basis for such transformations. Global and narrow technical approaches are presented. As a rule, materials are presented from the perspective of experts in the implementation of digital technologies. In this paper, for the first time, the author's scheme is proposed that can allow not only providers, but also their customers to navigate the upcoming transition to the cloud. The latter will receive systematic information on how to select a contractor and the most economically feasible option of cooperation.Materials and Methods. The information model was based on the semantic network as a system of nodes, their characteristics and connections. Management of the cloud migration project and the migration itself were visualized. The contraction practice between providers and their customers was summarized. The specifics of the tasks of such projects were taken into account. The part of the subject area related to the implementation of a cloud service is algorithmic — a step-by-step transition to the cloud, a generalized scheme of the process taking into account the hierarchy of elements are presented.Results. For the first time, a method of self-preparation of a company for the implementation of cloud solutions is proposed. The algorithm systematizes the cloud migration processes. The activities related to goal setting, audit, selection of cloud environment and services, calculation of the economic efficiency of the project, planning and implementation of migration, technical support and scaling of processes are described. The possibilities of determining the economic feasibility of measures for the transition to the cloud are shown. The costs of equipment, data storage and processing, software licenses, salaries, information security, etc., are taken into account. The amount received is compared to the providers' offers. For the final decision, the costs of infrastructure support are taken into account — by the customer or the outsourcer. The best option is selected. As a result, the customer gets the opportunity to work with better profitability and scale the project. Feedback is provided, and processes are adjusted, starting with IT reaudit.Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed solution will give the customer's management a system view of the execution sequence when migrating to the cloud, the issues and tasks to discuss with a potential outsourcer. Providers can use the algorithm to typify and unify projects, which can eventually simplify the coordination of the list of services and the migration procedure with customers. In this way, the parties can free up significant resources in terms of time, labor and other costs. In addition, customers and providers can partially use the described semantic network to develop not only the organizational, but also the technical aspect of the project.

Study of directions of unification of technology transfer in ukraine with the regulation of the European Union

Problem setting. In modern economic conditions, the key to effective economic development of any country is the development of the production sphere of the national economy. At the same time, its level depends on the penetration of knowledge-intensive, advanced and breakthrough technologies. Most economically developed countries even implement integrated state policies aimed at stimulating and scaling technology transfer processes. Thanks to this, the number of those technologies that are implemented in the sphere of public production increases, and the share of highly competitive products increases significantly. The economic system of Ukraine is no exception to this rule. Thus, since 2006, Ukraine has had a special official document the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities in the Field of Technology Transfer”. Its main task is to determine the requirements of how the state (in the form of authorized bodies) will contribute to the scaling process of technology transfer. The course announced by Ukraine for joining the European Union (hereinafter referred to as “the EU”) imposes on it special obligations regarding the unification of regulatory approaches to the identification of technology transfer with EU requirements. The specified situation determines, on the one hand, the relevance of scientific research on this topic, and places on scientists the task of forming relevant proposals. It is science that should shape them and determine effective directions, methods and forms of unification of the principles of functioning of Ukraine with EU requirements and thereby stabilize and intensify the transfer of technologies. Purpose of research is to develop methods and techniques for unifying the regulatory approach to defining the essence of technology transfer in Ukraine with the requirements of the European Union. This will make it possible to formulate recommendations for the Ukrainian public authorities when they implement managerial decisions within the framework of the State technology policy and form the basis for proposals for amending its national regulatory acts. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following interrelated tasks: (1) to analyze the state of regulatory support for technology transfer under EU law; (2) to study the state of regulatory support for technology transfer under Ukrainian law; (3) to formulate proposals on the main directions of unification of legal regulation of technology transfer under Ukrainian law with the requirements of EU law. Analysis of recent research and publications. An analysis of recent research and publications on the topic shows that many scholars have considered the general issues of state intervention in the national economy. The problem of the essence of technology transfer has been studied both at the level of independent economic systems and within international organizational entities. Article’s main body. The object of this research is a set of regulatory methods and techniques for determining the content and essence of such a category as technology transfer. Both the requirements of Ukraine and the regulatory approaches of the European Union are studied. The analysis and generalization of the existing world and international approaches to the identification of the essence of technology transfer established that they are not unified among themselves and differ significantly from each other. It has been proven that this does not meet the needs of technology transfer participants and does not meet the strategic goals of Ukraine’s development. The expediency of expanding the existing concept of determining the essence of technology transfer defined in Ukraine is substantiated. Recommendations on directions for the unification of regulatory approaches to the definition of technology transfer with the European Union have been formed. The need to amend the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities in the Field of Technology Transfer” in order to bring it into line with the requirements of the European Union has been proven. Conclusions and prospects for development. It was determined that the current legislation of Ukraine contains a narrower approach to determining the essence of technology transfer. Recommendations on the unification of the requirements of Ukraine with the requirements of the EU, on the issue of identification of technology transfer, have been formed. The expediency of expanding the forms of technology transfer is substantiated by supplementing them with the following: – Transfer of technology during the implementation of special interstate defense and industrial programs. – Transfer of technology within the framework of grant funding and cooperation. – Transfer of technology during the implementation of public procurement. – Transfer of technology as a contribution to the integral property complex (statutory or accumulated capital) of economic entities. – Transfer of technology during the creation of startups.

Biopsychosocial pathways model of early childhood appetite self-regulation: Temperament as a key to modulation of interactions among systems

The widespread discrimination against individuals with obesity often stems from a simplistic perception of obesity as a mere consequence of personal choices of overeating and insufficient physical activity. This reductionist perception fails to acknowledge the complexity of the epidemic of obesity, which extends beyond diet and exercise decisions. The concept of appetite self-regulation (ASR) has been explored as a crucial element in identifying obesogenic behavioral approaches to food. Although an extensive understanding of ASR in children is essential as an early precursor and modifiable factor influencing obesity, the prevailing view of self-regulation of eating solely as a matter of cognitive and behavioral processing tends to overlook interacting systems of influences. This narrow approach attributes obesity to the lack of voluntary self-control in food consumption while neglecting to account for the biological, psychological, and social influences implicated in the developmental processes of ASR, which may further contribute to the stigmatization of obesity. The current critical analysis provides a comprehensive developmental framework that could guide future studies with testable hypotheses, outlining pathways of interactions among biopsychosocial systems, all of which contribute to the development of ASR in early childhood. Adopting developmental perspectives allows a holistic approach to investigating ASR, which accounts for intricate interactions between biological (B), psychological (P), and social (S) factors influential in the early manifestation of ASR.

Beyond error: A qualitative study of human factors in serious adverse events.

The field of healthcare quality and safety has been informed by the study of Human Factors contributing to adverse events. Hitherto, much of the study of Human Factors has been focused on a narrow lens of human error, identifying cognitive-based or knowledge-based errors and cognitive processes such as loss of situational awareness contributing to error. While these factors are important, this narrow approach fails to consider the complexity of relational and systemic factors that also contribute to adverse events. We aimed to explore the relational and systemic human factors, including shared clinician attitudes and behavior, that contribute to serious adverse patient events in a public health setting. The study, set in a metropolitan local health district in New South Wales, Australia, was conducted using a retrospective qualitative multi-incident content analysis design. Serious adverse event reviews (SAER) over 6 months (2022-2023) were subject to qualitative content analysis until data saturation was reached. Data saturation reached at 20 reports. Emergent themes related to human factors in serious adverse events included: (i) delays and inertia-with a subtheme of inertia of ageism; (ii) "All-or-nothing" approach to end-of-life care and planning; (iii) communication lapses; and (iv) implementation gap between standards and practice. Error-based incidents accounted for only 35% of the serious adverse events examined. The sample studied involved mostly (65%) male patients, with a mean age of 69 (70% aged >65), managed across the gamut of specialties, with the most common incident being the management of acutely deteriorating patients. In conclusion, there is more to Human Factors in adverse events than cognitive or knowledge-based error. While identifying and correcting errors is absolutely essential, we need adjunctive "soft measures" to address clinical attitudes, behaviors, and relationships in health care, particularly in increasingly complex, fraught, and stressful health care environments.

The camp, the zone, and sovereign sediments: Querying paradigms through the politics of Made-in-Italy agribusiness operations

The article questions the paradigmatic nature ascribed to “the zone”—and the concomitant dismissal of the camp's—by some analyses of the politics of capital's operations, and problematizes the very notion of the paradigm. Elaborating on previous reflections concerning contemporary agro-industrial zones in Italy, the article rethinks camps against state-centric and exceptionalist readings that consider them purely as sites of exclusion. At the same time, it retains a stress on the symbolic dimension of forms of containment and extraction, going beyond a narrow political-economic approach. The zone and the camp, it is argued, are mutually imbricated “infrastructure spaces” of present-day agro-capital's operations, which, however, result from the sedimentation of spatialized techniques for labor disciplining, reproduction, and containment that have developed alongside capitalist forms of agriculture throughout the contemporary period. The camp is thus defined as a function of the political, sovereign dimensions of extraction, that may operate within but also beyond the state. Furthermore, it is underlain by differential attributions of humanness, and therefore by a specific biopolitical anthropology. Engaging in a genealogy of the (humanitarian and/as labor) camps that today proliferate in agro-industrial zones, I argue that to understand the spatial formations emerging from and sustaining the politics of contemporary capital operations a recursive analytics is necessary, that thus questions the purchase of paradigms on the grounds of their atemporality and complicates the positing of mere historical continuities.

Anticipatory Grief: Vulnerability and Resiliency in Encore Women

This article explores the experiences of anticipatory grief in women in their mid-80s and beyond; women who are in Gene Cohen’s (2005) encore phase of aging. Women in this phase of life are quite vulnerable to multiple losses and frequently experience anticipatory grief. Since the emergence of the concept of anticipatory grief, or pre-loss grief, the literature has reflected a biomedical reductionist lens. This reframes a human reaction to a life experience as a medical problem, replete with measurement tools and a medical treatment focus. However, this narrow problem-centric approach is steadily being replaced by the concept of the holistic person-centered approach, a view that reframes the anticipated losses as challenges to be overcome, requiring the woman to call upon her stores of resilience. If her resilience is insufficient to support coping, she may exhibit behavioral changes like those exhibited by grieving individuals. Supportive professionals can facilitate growth by assisting the woman in identifying and participating in supportive activities that build resilience.

Improving Proteomic Identification Using Narrow Isolation Windows with Zeno SWATH Data-Independent Acquisition.

Data-independent acquisition (DIA) techniques such as sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) acquisition have emerged as the preferred strategies for proteomic analyses. Our study optimized the SWATH-DIA method using a narrow isolation window placement approach, improving its proteomic performance. We optimized the acquisition parameter combinations of narrow isolation windows with different widths (1.9 and 2.9 Da) on a ZenoTOF 7600 (Sciex); the acquired data were analyzed using DIA-NN (version 1.8.1). Narrow SWATH (nSWATH) identified 5916 and 7719 protein groups on the digested peptides, corresponding to 400 ng of protein from mouse liver and HEK293T cells, respectively, improving identification by 7.52 and 4.99%, respectively, compared to conventional SWATH. The median coefficient of variation of the quantified values was less than 6%. We further analyzed 200 ng of benchmark samples comprising peptides from known ratios ofEscherichia coli, yeast, and human peptides using nSWATH. Consequently, it achieved accuracy and precision comparable to those of conventional SWATH, identifying an average of 95,456 precursors and 9342 protein groups across three benchmark samples, representing 12.6 and 9.63% improved identification compared to conventional SWATH. The nSWATH method improved identification at various loading amounts of benchmark samples, identifying 40.7% more protein groups at 25 ng. These results demonstrate the improved performance of nSWATH, contributing to the acquisition of deeper proteomic data from complex biological samples.

Governance fix? Power and politics in controversies about governing generative AI

Abstract The launch of ChatGPT in late 2022 led to major controversies about the governance of generative artificial intelligence (AI). This article examines the first international governance and policy initiatives dedicated specifically to generative AI: the G7 Hiroshima process, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development reports, and the UK AI Safety Summit. This analysis is informed by policy framing and governance literature, in particular by the work on technology governance and Responsible Innovation. Emerging governance of generative AI exhibits characteristics of polycentric governance, where multiple and overlapping centers of decision-making are in collaborative relationships. However, it is dominated by a limited number of developed countries. The governance of generative AI is mostly framed in terms of the risk management, largely neglecting issues of purpose and direction of innovation, and assigning rather limited roles to the public. We can see a “paradox of generative AI governance” emerging, namely, that while this technology is being widely used by the public, its governance is rather narrow. This article coins the term “governance fix” to capture this rather narrow and technocratic approach to governing generative AI. As an alternative, it suggests embracing the politics of polycentric governance and Responsible Innovation that highlight democratic and participatory co-shaping of technology for social benefit. In the context of the highly unequal distribution of power in generative AI characterized by a high concentration of power in a small number of large tech companies, the government has a special role in reshaping the power imbalances by enabling wide-ranging public participation in the governance of generative AI.

Factors Associated with STEM Career Expectations of Greek 15-Year-Old Students

AbstractScience, technology engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professions offer competitive earnings, tend to be compatible with technological advances, and are predicted to remain in high demand in the future. Many countries, including Greece, have prioritised STEM education on their educational agendas, aiming to prepare students for careers in these fields. In this study, we investigated factors that may predict Greek students’ STEM career expectations through analysing data from the 2015 cycle of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). In doing so, we categorised the responses of 4910 15-year-old students to the question “What kind of job do you expect to have when you are about 30 years old?” into STEM and non-STEM professions, following a wide approach that included health and medical professions in the STEM category and a narrow approach that excluded these professions from the STEM category. Binary logistic regression results showed that student enjoyment of science, instrumental motivation, interest towards broad science topics, and their science performance were associated with their career expectations across both approaches; family economic, social, and cultural status was associated with students’ career expectations within the wide approach only, while gender and achievement motivation were associated with students’ career expectations within the narrow approach only. The differences in the factors predicting students’ career expectations between the two approaches indicate that transparency in the definitions and operationalisations of STEM is needed within the relevant research.

THE NOTION OF SANCTIONS IN THE DOCTRINE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

The article explores the issue of sanctions in international law with a focus on defining the term. This topic has been of interest to researchers for many years, but there is still no universally accepted approach to resolving it, both in terms of international law doctrine and its sources. This lack of clarity in terminology creates practical problems related to controversial practices in applying sanctions and their subsequent legal assessment from the perspective of international law. Given the increasing number of sanctions regimes, it is crucial to address these issues urgently. While foreign legal literature has made systematic attempts to tackle this problem, domestic literature has not paid sufficient attention to the concept of sanctions. Taken together, these factors point to the expediency of conducting this study, which aims to outline the range of measures that are defined as sanctions in modern international law. Based on the analysis conducted, it is argued that the science of international law adopts two approaches in defining sanctions. The first, broad approach suggests that the concept of sanctions should encompass coercive measures taken by the injured state individually as self-help in the form of countermeasures and retorsions to ensure compliance with the violated obligations by the offending state, as well as coercive measures taken collectively by the UNSC under Chapter VII of the UN Charter to restore international legality. Instead, the second, narrower approach defines sanctions exclusively as coercive measures applied by the UNSC under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The author concludes that the narrow approach is currently regarded as prevailing in the science and aligns with the provisions of modern international law. Simultaneously, attention is drawn to the widespread phenomenon of so-called “unilateral sanctions” in the world practice, the definition and legal nature of which also remain controversial. The review of existing definitions concludes that they all share the common understanding of these measures as coercive measures taken by a state, group of states, or international organizations without the approval of the UNSC, with the intention of compelling another state to change its policy. This understanding of “unilateral sanctions” distinguishes them from “sanctions” in the strict sense of the term and as defined by the prevailing narrow approach. Nonetheless, the practice of state relations shows the widespread use of these measures and their identification as “sanctions” in domestic legislation. This suggests that, in reality, there are two distinct coercive measures referred to as “sanctions” in today’s international reality. These include coercive measures taken by the UNSC under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, as well as coercive measures taken by a state, a group of states, or international organizations without the approval of the UNSC to compel another state to change its policy.

The circular bioeconomy: a driver for system integration

BackgroundHuman and earth system modeling, traditionally centered on the interplay between the energy system and the atmosphere, are facing a paradigm shift. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s mandate for comprehensive, cross-sectoral climate action emphasizes avoiding the vulnerabilities of narrow sectoral approaches. Our study explores the circular bioeconomy, highlighting the intricate interconnections among agriculture, forestry, aquaculture, technological advancements, and ecological recycling. Collectively, these sectors play a pivotal role in supplying essential resources to meet the food, material, and energy needs of a growing global population. We pose the pertinent question of what it takes to integrate these multifaceted sectors into a new era of holistic systems thinking and planning.ResultsThe foundation for discussion is provided by a novel graphical representation encompassing statistical data on food, materials, energy flows, and circularity. This representation aids in constructing an inventory of technological advancements and climate actions that have the potential to significantly reshape the structure and scale of the economic metabolism in the coming decades. In this context, the three dominant mega-trends—population dynamics, economic developments, and the climate crisis—compel us to address the potential consequences of the identified actions, all of which fall under the four categories of substitution, efficiency, sufficiency, and reliability measures. Substitution and efficiency measures currently dominate systems modeling. Including novel bio-based processes and circularity aspects might require only expanded system boundaries. Conversely, paradigm shifts in systems engineering are expected to center on sufficiency and reliability actions. Effectively assessing the impact of sufficiency measures will necessitate substantial progress in inter- and transdisciplinary collaboration, primarily due to their non-technological nature. In addition, placing emphasis on modeling the reliability and resilience of transformation pathways represents a distinct and emerging frontier that highlights the significance of an integrated network of networks.ConclusionsExisting and emerging circular bioeconomy practices can serve as prime examples of system integration. These practices facilitate the interconnection of complex biomass supply chain networks with other networks encompassing feedstock-independent renewable power, hydrogen, CO2, water, and other biotic, abiotic, and intangible resources. Elevating the prominence of these connectors will empower policymakers to steer the amplification of synergies and mitigation of tradeoffs among systems, sectors, and goals.

О дополнении физкультурно-спортивной деятельностью триады социально значимых видов деятельности

In the article, the author continues to study the issue of supplementing optional types of behavior of employees and employees of organizations performing publicly significant functions (hereinafter referred to as Employees) with physical education and sports activities. Moreover, the positive attempts to solve the problem under consideration today are characterized by a narrow approach, extending only to athletes from elite sports who are also military personnel and (or) employees of internal affairs bodies and other services with special ranks. The author, with the growing importance of physical culture and sports as an independent industry, based on previously conducted research on the authenticity of the social essence of physical education and sports along with pedagogical (teaching), scientific and other creative activities, proposes to supplement the list of optional behavior options for those serving in physical education and sports activities regardless of the nature of its payment, which does not interfere with the performance of official (official) duties by Employees, starting with deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. In addition, the inclusion of physical education and sports activities in the list of optional behavior options for Employees will not only eliminate the false legal consciousness existing in society about the applied, secondary nature of physical education and sports activities along with other socially significant activities, but will also serve as the basis for improving the all-Russian classifiers of labor, education and types of economic activities by identifying in them an independent section “Physical culture and sports”.

A review of natural resource extraction industries and their influence on the occurrence of poverty

PurposeThis research paper takes a narrow approach to examining the apparent link between poverty and the resource extraction industries. However, it acknowledges that much more is to be explored about this relationship. Many complexities influence the occurrence and degree of poverty in a particular country, region, or community.Design/methodology/approachThe literature review identified proposed and operational poverty reduction actions and processes categorized under the broad concept of community development projects. The surveyed cases describe how various corporate strategies, work processes, labor requirements and efficient management and governance solutions are purported to improve poverty-reduction efforts potentially.FindingsNo causal linkages between poverty and hypothetically valuable and successful community development projects were found. No poverty monitoring evaluations and learning data (MEL) for these projects were proposed and published in most of the literature. However, associations were observed between some business practices implemented in these resource extraction community development projects and observations of indicators of lower poverty levels.Practical implicationsThe research improves our understanding of the requirements and opportunities for successful community development projects by highlighting processes, company strategy, human resource programs and enlightened governance that can contribute to reducing poverty.Originality/valueThe paper identifies the characteristics of community development projects that appear to span natural resource extraction industries and countries. Effective management strategies and representative and formally designated organisational governance boards are essential for these projects.

Современные тенденции определения подведомственности споров

Since 2018, the term jurisdiction cannot be applied to civil proceedings as the legislator found it outdated after the single Supreme Court had been introduced. In fact, this term has never been mentioned in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. However, the phenomenon designated by the term cannot be removed from the doctrine and judicial practice for the following reasons. First, the rules of jurisdiction distribute cases between judicial and non-judicial bodies. Second, they make it possible to identify cases of a non-legal nature that cannot claim state protection. The law of 2018 had some positive consequences. Now, the refusal procedure is less complicated. Non-judicial cases can be easily transferred under proper jurisdiction where they will be considered according to a different type of legal proceedings. As for the negative consequences, it seems that the legislator interpreted jurisdiction only as the distribution of cases between different courts and substituted the term subject matter jurisdiction with court jurisdiction. The author criticizes this narrow approach and highlights two urgent issues: 1) not every case has to go to court; 2) digital technologies are important in legal proceedings. These trends can optimize judicial competence, as well as create new rules of court jurisdiction without violating the constitutional right to judicial protection. The article describes the rules of jurisdiction and their improvement, as well as determines the place of jurisdiction among other procedural institutions and introduces some ways to reform the subordination of civil cases to courts of civil jurisdiction. Jurisdiction has an intersectoral nature and is a way of distributing cases between judicial and non-judicial bodies. A combination of standard scientific methods with the formal-legal analysis made it possible to identify the following development directions. 1) Non-judicial cases need proper criteria. 2) New information technologies should enter the judicial system to update the court procedure, e.g., minor cases could be reviewed in court exclusively as an electronic procedure.

Права корінних народів України як центральний елемент їх правового статусу

The proposed article examines specific aspects of regulating the legal status of indigenous peoples of Ukraine and their rights as an element of its regulation. It was established that the rights of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine must be considered in the context of their legal status. It was determined that the legal status of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine is based on several international legal acts and the provisions of current national legislation. Given the existing classifications of legal status, the legal status of Indigenous peoples can be considered a special legal status due to its belonging to a particular group of people. The article examines the existing scientific controversy regarding the definition of the concept of “Indigenous peoples,” the basis of which is proposed to be defined based on its legal definition in the Law of Ukraine “On Indigenous Peoples of Ukraine.” The main characteristics of the indigenous people, distinguished by modern scientists in the field of law, are summarized. Broad and narrow approaches to understanding the indigenous people are determined depending on the number of such signs. It was established that the current Law of Ukraine, “On Indigenous Peoples of Ukraine,” demonstrates a three-level approach to the legal regulation of the rights of Indigenous peoples, consolidating them, in fact, into three groups: those that determine legal personality, fundamental rights, and others. However, the current legislation needs to allow to clearly define the legal markers of such a gradation and a clear understanding of the separation of fundamental rights and the rights provided for by individual articles of the profile law. The legal uncertainty of the mechanism of guarantees for the protection of the legal status of the indigenous peoples of Ukraine and its protection is established, as well as the need for further scientific research to improve the understanding of existing guarantees at the theoretical and legal level and their development at the regulatory level. Keywords: indigenous people, legal status, rights, guarantees, responsibility.