Narrative Statements Research Articles

Mixed-Methods Analysis of Community-Building Activities in Minnesota Hospitals.

Nonprofit hospitals are required to annually report spending on community-building activities (CBAs) to the Internal Revenue Service. CBAs are actions that address root causes of community health problems such as housing and food insecurity. While addressing these issues is important regardless of location, CBA spending could particularly benefit rural residents who, on average, experience worse health outcomes. However, national CBA spending has historically been extremely low, potentially due to confusion surrounding reporting. This explanatory mixed-methods study sought to illuminate nonprofit hospital spending patterns on CBAs in one state, Minnesota, to understand why spending in this important category is so low. Authors first conducted quantitative analyses of publicly available tax return data for the year 2019' which revealed no statistically significant differences in CBA spending by rural location or hospital system affiliation. Authors then performed a case study of the top spending hospitals' narrative statements provided in nonprofit hospital tax return documents and found significant variation in what is reported as a CBA. We suggest CBA spending be reported differently to reduce confusion and render tax documents more accurate portrayals of nonprofit hospital spending, thereby providing policymakers with needed information to ensure nonprofit hospitals are financially supporting community health.

Assuring the chairperson’s statement in the integrated report

The study aimed to design the auditing framework for the audit of the chairperson’s statement. The chairperson’s statement is one of the most read narrative disclosure statements in the integrated report. Non-financial information has become twice as important as financial information yet, it is not required by the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS). The chairperson’s statement is not audited and this leads to the use of impression management tactics. This study answers the call from different scholars who have called upon the audit of the chairperson’s statement to curve the use of impression management tactics. The mixed method is used for data analysis. Perception of external auditors is sought through the Likert scale and interviews to ensure triangulation. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and thematic analysis are used to analyze the data. The study found that auditors are aware of the existing concern about the use of impression management in the chairperson’s statement. In this regard, an audit of the chairperson’s statement is deemed appropriate and long overdue. External auditors are the most suitable experts to audit the chairperson’s statement and issue reasonable assurance. Secondly, auditors believe that the reliability of the chairperson’s statement is crucial and to ensure credibility, the company must have strong internal control, and report accurate and complete information in the chairperson’s statement. The auditing framework is designed and shown through an integrative conceptual model. The results are consistent with previous studies that emphasise the need for the assurance of non-financial information in the integrated report. This study triggers debates amongst accounting firms, standard setters, and policymakers on the adoption of the auditing framework for the chairperson’s statement to give assurance to the users. The study contributes to the body of knowledge with an auditing framework to audit the chairperson’s statement, the first of its kind. Lastly, the study adds to the developing debate on the assurance of narrative disclosure parts of the integrated report.

Prehospital emergency care family satisfaction scale for care provided by emergency medical technicians: Scale development and validation.

To date, family satisfaction with emergency medical technicians (EMTs) has only been reported through narrative statements in subjective evaluations. Although a quantitative assessment of healthcare professional satisfaction is desirable, no specific measures have been devised to assess family satisfaction with the healthcare and care provided by EMTs. This study aimed to develop and validate an EMT care family satisfaction scale to measure patient satisfaction with prehospital emergency care. The study population comprised 216 family members (N = 216) of patients who used ambulances between November 2020 and May 2021 in a single region in Japan. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants who provided informed consent. An exploratory factor analysis of construct validity was performed to validate the Family Satisfaction Scale. The Cronbach's alpha was used to validate the internal consistency reliability of the scale. The exploratory factor analysis results revealed a four-factor structure: 'explanation and communication,' 'physical treatment,' 'psychological support,' and 'environment in the ambulance.' The Cronbach's range (0.80-0.93) for the total score for each of these four factors and the overall total score confirmed favorable internal reliability of this study. The family satisfaction scale developed in this study was constructed and validated to highlight the role of EMTs and needs of the families in the prehospital care settings. Moreover, this scale can be applied in the evaluation and consideration of interventions to improve family satisfaction with EMTs.

Nurses’ experiences of caring for COVID-19 patients: A systematic review of qualitative studies

Background & Aim: Nurses are considered one of the most important members of the healthcare system in facing pandemics, including COVID-19. This study was conducted to explain the nurses' experiences in caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods & Materials: This study was a qualitative systematic review. A structured search was conducted using CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pub Med, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, MedNar, and ProQuest. All qualitative studies describing nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with Covid-19 were included. This review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews. Themes and narrative statements were extracted from included papers using the JBI SUMARI data extraction tool. Results: The findings of 46 qualitative studies were included in this systematic review. From the data analysis, four themes "Professional Development", "Psychological exhaustion", "Care Challenges" and "Work-family conflict" were extracted. Conclusion: Nurses have experienced conflicts between their work and family and challenges when caring for patients with COVID-19. Hence, they were psychologically under pressure but professionally developed. To ensure the survival of nurses in critical situations, all their needs must be carefully monitored and the necessary support provided to them.

Assessing the Performance of Teachers of Students With Significant Disabilities: Establishing Content Validity for the TRAIT-SD

This study was conducted to collect validity evidence to support the use of an observation instrument to evaluate the performance of special education teachers (SETs) of students with significant disabilities (SWSD). In the study, a purposive sample of 49 SETs of SWSD, who were appropriately credentialed and experienced, evaluated the content of the Teacher Rating and Assessment Instrument for Teachers of Students with Significant Disabilities (TRAIT-SD) to determine each item’s importance for teaching SWSD. To do this, the participants were presented with the 37 items on the current version of the TRAIT-SD and asked to rate the importance of each using a 5-point Likert-type scale that ranged from very important to not important. They were also requested to provide narrative statements about the items and to recommend any relevant changes to the items, or recommend any new items they deemed to be missing from the current instrument. The results of the study showed that all participants, regardless of degree level, experience, or geographical location, rated all items between important and very important, resulting in all items being retained on the instrument. Additional comments resulted in a small number of items being reworded for clarity, and one new item being recommended for a subsequent version of the instrument.

Self-Esteem Pada Guru Taman Kanak-Kanak (TK)

This research aims to explore and understand self-esteem among Kindergarten (TK).TK teacher is responsible for a child's basic abilities in the field of education, not only teaching educational concepts but also introducing children to behaviors and daily life. The research subjects are TK teachers, and the study adopts a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Qualitative research emphasizes natural or intrinsic processes, prioritizing meanings that are not tested or measured precisely with descriptive data. The study describes incidents heard, felt, and formulated in narrative or descriptive statements. This research is characterized by its naturalistic setting, focusing on the quality of phenomena. The results indicate that the depiction of self-esteem among TK teachers in various regions/schools can be concluded based on the overall observed participants. The findings suggest that teacher creativity can be enhanced to influence teaching quality, and there is a significant positive relationship between communication skills components and teacher work effectiveness. In conclusion, TK teachers exhibit good levels of self-esteem, as most fall into the "Good" category based on data analysis. The self-esteem of TK teachers positively and significantly influences students' social aspects.

Parent inferential questions and child responses during shared reading predict DLLs’ receptive vocabulary development

The present study investigated whether parent–child interactions during shared reading in a diverse sample of 91 three- to five-year-old dual language learners (DLLs) in Norway supported the development of the children’s first (L1) and second language (L2) vocabulary skills. The dyads spoke 11 different L1s (i.e., Arabic, Polish, Somali, and Urdu). The analysis of shared reading was based on predefined story elements in the book, and differentiated between whether central story elements were introduced as parent inferential questions and child responses, or as parent and child narrative statements. The children’s L1 and L2 receptive vocabulary skills were assessed prior to the reading as well as 8 months later. Regression analyses revealed that parent inferential questions predicted children’s L1 vocabulary development across the time-period. Child responses to adult inferential questions predicted their L1 and L2 vocabulary development. These findings support the growing research base that emphasizes the importance of eliciting child reasoning during shared reading.

Aesthetic Expressions of Caring in Nursing Among Thai Undergraduate Nursing Students

Caring is a core value of nursing and is often incorporated in nursing curricula. A qualitative research study was conducted based on Gadamer’s philosophical viewpoints to collect, analyze, and interpret aesthetic expressions of caring in nursing by Thai undergraduate students of nursing. Participants were 41 second-year baccalaureate degree nursing students from a university in Thailand. Data generated were graphic illustrations and short descriptions and narrative statements, which were analyzed and interpreted using thematic analysis. Trustworthiness was established following Lincoln and Guba’s criteria. Meanings of caring in nursing revealed five thematic categories: (a) nurturing wholeness of persons, (b) practicing aesthetic caring in nursing, (c) sharing self with honesty and trust, (d) helping persons using multiple processes, and (e) enhancing personhood. This study described caring in nursing as focused on persons, human relationships, and nursing processes of caring that enhance personhood. These findings inform professional nursing education toward a transformative caring process for students of nursing who are imbued with caring attributes.

The Impact of Parent Torture and Family Functioning on Youth Adjustment in War-Affected Families: A Path Analysis Describing Intergenerational Trauma and the Family System.

The direct exposure to physical or psychological trauma from torture or war leads to well-documented individual health consequences. Less understood are the inclusive and intergenerational effects of war trauma on family systems and youth adjustment. The purpose was to examine mechanisms in war-affected families that explained the significant emotional and behavioral consequences of intergenerational trauma in youth through the use of multiple methods. Quantitative assessments of maternal and paternal caregivers and youth characterized associations between parent torture, parent mental health distress, parent physical health problems, family functioning, and youth adjustment. Narrative statements further contextualized processes through which the trauma of a parent impacted youth and family systems. The research was conducted in partnership with local, refugee-serving community-based organizations. The study sample included parents and youth in 96 Karen families, originating from Burma in Southeast Asia, who had been resettled to the United States through the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program. Path analysis results indicated that parent torture (β = -0.173) had statistically significant negative direct effects on youth adjustment. Parent torture had a negative indirect effect on youth adjustment through the mental health (β = -0.345) and physical health problems of parents (β = -0.305), and youth gender (β = 0.126) and trauma exposure of youth (β = -0.048). Family functioning type demonstrated a positive direct effect on youth adjustment (β = 0.449). Family type had an indirect effect on youth adjustment through youth gender (β = 0.142), youth trauma exposure (β = -0.165), parent physical health problems (β = -0.202), and parent mental health (β = 0.509). The current study developed and tested the first model of intergenerational trauma's effects on the adjustment of Karen refugee youth. Results emphasize that individual recovery from torture must be accompanied by adjunct interventions focused on family systems and youth adjustment, to holistically address intergenerational sequala of trauma.

Integrated Reporting Disclosures: Evidence from Local Councils in Malaysia

Purpose: The objective is to determine the degree of Integrated Reporting (IR) disclosure in annual reports of selected city councils based on seven IR Framework Guiding Principles, namely (1) Strategic focus and future orientation, (2) Connectivity of information, (3) Stakeholder relationships, (4) Materiality, (5) Conciseness, (6) Reliability and completeness and (7) Consistency and comparability. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study performs content analysis on recent online annual reports of ten city councils against the IR Guiding Principles. Findings: Overall, the results indicate that IR is still at infancy and receives low acceptance by city councils. The results demonstrate that strategic aims and objectives were reported without indicating the time frame of the objectives. It was found that the annual report focuses more on the achievements of the department. All the city councils that were under study disclosed engagement activities with the community; used a combination of narrative statements, figures, pictures, and graphs; and disclosed positive information. The executive summary and Mayor’s message were provided at the beginning of the annual report to give an overview of the organization’s performance. Comparative data was used to benchmark performance across several years, but comparative data against other local authorities was limited. Research Limitation: The limitations include the small sample size, thus the findings from this study should not be generalized. However, it justified the objective to examine the individual disclosure of IR guiding principles by large public sector organizations. Second, the content analysis was performed on the most recent annual reports of selected city councils which may not reflect the overall practice on consistency and comparability. Third, this study focused on seven guiding principles of IR, which is only part of the comprehensive IR framework. Practical Implication: The findings from this study could be used as an input for regulators and other public sector entities to facilitate IR implementation in public sector organizations. Originality/Value: The paper contributes to the existing literature on the current stage of IR implementation in public sector. The findings obtained show that IR, which was initially observed as a private sector initiative, has implications in public sector organizations. Keywords: Integrated reporting, annual report, guiding principles, local council.

Forced Identity Performances, Self‐Identification, the Material, and Ballotee Bevin Boys in WWII UK 1943‐1948: ‘An Experience I Would Not Have Had, or Chosen’

AbstractThis manuscript examines the relationship between forced, or required, identity performances, self‐identification, and the material. It tests core premises of identity formation within the performativity literature against the lived experiences of ‘Ballotee Bevin Boys’ ‐ coal mining conscripts managed under the UK's WWII National Registration and Ministry of Labour and National Service program. Data were drawn from fifty‐eight personal accounts of Ballotee Bevin Boys and analyzed to identify core themes around identity and performance by means of a narrative analysis. Multiple regression analyses then found that the quantity of i) narrative statements of self‐identification as a Bevin Boy, and ii) narrative statements of the material, could be predicted based on the prevalence of narratives of institutionally forced performances, and individual performances of resistance. These results support the claim that performances required of Ballotee Bevin Boys did sediment into their understandings of self, regardless of their individual intention or desire to be a Bevin Boy – even in cases of active resistance against this externally applied category. These findings support a theorization of identity formation and the material which decenters the role of the intention of the performing individual, instead, placing greater emphasis on institutional categories and their enforcement.

Policy Implementation for Water Resources Protection: Assessing Spatio-Temporal Trends of Results from Process-Based Outcomes of Resource-Directed Measures Projects in South Africa

Governments are continuously developing strategies for policy implementation toward water resource protection. However, little is known about the practical application of such plans to test their effectiveness in policy practice. This study focused on resource-directed measures (RDMs) in South Africa to assess progress made on policy implementation for water resource protection. The study included document surveys and content analysis of the publicly available reports and documents sourced from state departments and government websites. The findings of the study indicated that water resource-directed measures are used as policy implementation strategies for water resource protection in the country. Furthermore, the study revealed that significant progress has been made in this regard, when a multi-sectorial policy implementation practice approach through public-private partnerships ensured that 69% of the catchments have process-based RDM projects completed, while 18% are in progress, and only 13% are outstanding. In addition, it was found that water resource classes (WRC), numerical limits and ecological conditions for water resource reserve, and numerical limits and narrative statements for resource quality objectives (RQOs) are intermediate outputs originating from RDMs projects. The study recommends that outputs derived from process-based policy implementation plans must be applied at the water resource level and monitored to assess the effectiveness of policies for their effects on the status of water resources.

Institutional Structures and Sustainability of Projects in Nyangores River Sub-Catchment Basin in Bomet County, Kenya

Integrated basin management approach has been applied in Nyangores River sub-catchment basin, since the year 2009 but with minimal success. Sub catchment degradation, organizational weakness, the flow and quality of water had started to diminish, creating challenges for local livelihoods, wildlife in the Maasai Mara Game Reserve, and in maintaining biodiversity and healthy ecosystem functioning. Water resources can be successfully managed only if the natural, social, economic and political environments, in which water occurs and used, are taken fully into consideration. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of institutional structures influence on sustainability of projects in Nyagores river sub-catchment basin in Bomet County, Kenya. The research designs used were descriptive survey and correlational research design. Stepwise and purposive sampling formed the sampling procedure. The results are presented descriptively using Tables while for qualitative data, narrative statements were used. Questionnaires, Interview guide and document analysis were used for data collection. The sample size was 371, from a targeted a population of 56,508 household heads and 10 informants, purposively selected from the water concerned institutions and ministries of Water and Agriculture. Total of 371 questionnaires were given out to the respondents and only 321, were duly filled and returned representing (86.5%). The objective was to establish the extent to which institutional structures influence sustainability of projects in Nyangores River sub-catchment Basin. The results indicated that there was a positive correlation r = 0.552, (p is was rejected and concluded that there is a significant relationship between the institutional structures and sustainability of projects in Nyangores river sub-catchment basin. R2 was 0.304; hence, 30.4% of changes in sustainability of projects are explained by institutional structures. Recommendations are; ensure a stringent policy for robust planning and management, and more robust forum for the stakeholders to complement the efforts of WRUA. It is suggested for further research, similar studies are done for the other adjacent river basins and to investigate ways of raising the level of community participation in the basin.

THE DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS OF PERSONALITY NARRATIVE COMPETENCE DETERMINATION

The article presents and analyzes results of the development of diagnostic tools of narrative competence of personality. Empirical study of formation of the narrative competence is carried out on methodological basis of post-non-classical psychology, according to which a personality is considered as an author of oneself, who has a potential for self-regulation and self-development. Within the psychological hermeneutics, narrative competence has been articulated as an ability of personality to identify and interpret narrative statements of the Other, that is to discover narratives in sociocultural and personal discourses and based on them to generate their own narrative constructs. The structural model of narrative competence as a dynamic configuration of pre-semantic, semantic and meta-semantic levels of understanding and generation of narrative expressions by personality is characterized; this model in turn became a basis for developing psycholinguistic diagnostic tools. The author proposed a method for determining formation levels of narrative competence of personality, which involves selection of texts meeting certain criteria for processing; development of diagnostic tasks for these texts; algorithm for determining a certain formation level of narrative competence of respondents depending on their results of proposed tasks. According to the results of approbation of the diagnostic technique, three main and two transitional levels of narrative competence of respondents have been identified. The algorithm for determining of these levels is presented in the form of a structural mathematical model, the validity of which is confirmed by correlations with expert evaluation. The main advantage of the proposed psycholinguistic tools for determining the formation levels of narrative competence of personality is the possibility of its application for diagnostics of respondents based on their processing of fiction texts without restrictions as for the language they speak.

English

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-19) popularly known as COVID-19 is an emerging pandemic which resulted in varying degrees of lockdown in India. Medical undergraduates remain affected due to lockdown-imposed disruptions in medical education, an unprecedented event, which can cause significant academic stress in addition to psychological stress. Understanding the coping methods is essential to develop interventions and to minimise the adverse effects of stress during pandemics. We wanted to determine the major coping methods using French version of the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE), a novel 4 - factor structure among medical undergraduates of a private tertiary teaching institution during COVID-19 lockdown period and describe the selfmanagement of the stress as verbatim narrative statements. METHODS A cross-sectional, web-based survey based on French version of the Brief COPE, a novel 4-factor structure was used to assess the major coping methods among medical undergraduates of a private, tertiary care teaching medical institution in Chennai, South India. Self-management of stress was documented verbatim as narrative statements. After obtaining approval from institutional ethical committee and informed consent, the web-survey data from Google forms was collected from 223 medical undergraduate students and analysed using STATA (V 12.0) statistical package. The strategies for self-management of stress were identified and classified into themes. RESULTS Among total 223 respondents, 132 (59.2 %) were female medicos and 88 (39. 5 %) males, and mean age was 20.36 (SD +_1. 43) years. Major coping method adopted was positive thinking (115, 51.6 %), followed by avoidance (44, 19.7 %), seeking social support (37, 16.6 %) and problem solving (19, 8.5 %). Students with positive thinking had high levels of managing stress very well (33 %) followed by avoidance (10 %) compared to other methods but there was no significant difference in the self-rating of coping between different coping methods. CONCLUSIONS The coping mechanism of medical undergraduates reveals positive outlook while experiencing COVID-19 pandemic related extended lockdowns. KEYWORDS SARS-Cov-19, Medical Undergraduates, Coping, Cope Brief Inventory - 4 Scale, Positive Thinking

Meeting report of Gastro Update Europe 2020, September 4-5, 2020

This narrative review summarizes a selection of clinically-important novel gastrointestinal developments, presented and discussed at the virtual Gastro Update Europe. The selected topics, fully referenced, reflect what the distinguished faculty considered of vital importance to be communicated to the astute busy gastro-hep clinician who is eager to stay abreast of important novel developments. Whenever appropriate a personal comment or addition was added to further raise the educational value of this review. Given its narrative character, statements and conclusions are largely expert opinion-based, and referencing within this summary is limited to the included slide images.

Use and Potential Misuse of Milestones.

By 2001, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) 6 core competencies were established, which introduced graduate medical education's (GME's) transition to competency-based medical education (CBME).1 Competencies are teachable attributes that residents and fellows must develop in order to carry out professional roles. Milestones describe the developmental pathway for achieving each competency in more than 150 GME specialtes and subspecialties. Yet confusion remains about their optimal use as well as misuse, which may produce adverse consequences for all stakeholders (eg, residents, faculty, programs, sponsoring institutions [SIs]).Milestones are narrative statements that describe skills, knowledge, and behaviors for performance in each of the 6 core competency domains and are arranged sequentially from attributes of novices to attributes that are aspirational.2 Milestone-based assessments enable faculty to provide GME learners specific formative feedback and improvement goals through the defined progression of levels toward expertise.3 Aggregated Milestone data from within and across programs can facilitate program, SI, and review committee (RC) learning and improvement.Milestones themselves are not assessments. They are constructs used by the GME community to build assessments. As constructs, Milestone assessments are open to interpretation and may be affected by context and other factors such as the skill and biases of assessors. These features can be mitigated during formative feedback sessions, but they make Milestone-based assessments inappropriate for high-stakes summative assessments of learning or competence. Thus, Milestone assessments should never be shared with certifying, credentialing or licensing boards or agencies, or potential employers, or provided as evidence of competence for legal purposes.4 When used for these unintended purposes, faculty may be reluctant to give honest assessments and clinical competency committees (CCCs) may be tempted to inflate Milestone judgements. Milestone security can facilitate the integrity of the assessment processes.

Conceptualizing "Family" and the Role of "Chosen Family" within the LGBTQ+ Refugee Community: A Text Network Graph Analysis.

This study analyzed meaning attributions regarding “family” and “chosen family” by Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Pansexual, Transgender, Gender Queer, Queer, Intersex, Agender, Asexual, and other Queer-identifying community (LGBTQ+) refugees. The meaning and significance of a chosen family in the newly established life of the refugees was also pin-pointed for its value of safekeeping the wellbeing and settlement process. We analyzed narrative statements given by 67 LGBTQ+ refugees from 82 YouTube videos. Using InfraNodus, a text graph analysis tool, we identified pathways for meaning circulation within the narrative data, and generated a contextualized meaning for family and chosen family. The conceptualization process produced a deduction within family relationships, exploring why people, other than in biological relationships, appear to be vital in their overall wellbeing and settlement, as well as the process through which this occurs. Biological family is sometimes associated with words that instigate fear, danger, and insecurity, while the concept of chosen family is associated with words like trusting, like-minded, understanding, welcoming, loving, committed, etc. The results of the study are intended to add knowledge to the gap by showing the types and characteristics of family relationships in LGBTQ+ refugee settings. It is also a call for the relevant research community to produce more evidence in such settings, as this is essential for obtaining a better understanding of these issues.

The Value Relevance of Forward Looking Disclosure: A Content Analysis of the Annual Reports of Egyptian Listed Companies

Forward-looking financial disclosure (FLD) is intended to be value relevant to capture information about company’s future performance. However, a concern often arises over the boilerplate, storytelling, bias, and the auditing nature of FLD. This study aims to examine the measure of FLD in Egyptian corporate annual reports using automated content analysis technique. Second, is to identify the main FLD determinants. Finally, it examines the impact of FLD on firm value. The study uses a sample of Egyptian narrative statements in the annual reports over the period from 2008 to 2016. The final sample comprised 360 observations of listed non-financial companies in Egypt and two empirical regression models are used. FLD was measured by the number of sentences coded as containing both Egyptian forward looking and financial keywords. Firm value for listed companies was measured by Tobin’s Q. The study finds company’s size, leverage market risk, industry type, dividend policy, and competitive environment are the main firm-level determinants of FLD, while, auditor type is the main governance-level determinant of FLD in Egypt. Further, findings also reveal an association between the level of FLD and firm value. The results suggest that forward-looking financial information is value relevant about company performance and complements financial statements in Egypt. The managers, investors, external auditors, regulators and researchers should pay more attention to economic consequences of FLD, and how to deliver signals and information more understandably and readably for stakeholders. This research adds to the literature related to automated content analysis of narratives, and firm value for listed companies. The results enrich agency, signalling, stakeholders, communication and dividend theories

The roles of critical incidents to construct public senior high school english teachers’ identities development

This study investigated the role of critical incidents (CIs) to construct Public Senior High School English teachers’ identities development. The researchers examined the meanings of CIs and how these developed their identities as Public Senior High School English teachers. To gain the data, the researchers conducted Open-Form Questionnaire and Open-Ended Interview toward eight Public Senior High School English teachers in Yogyakarta. The data were collected using narrative inquiry statements which displayed respondents’ life story in constructing teachers’ identities related to their CIs. The result of this research demonstrated that there were 12 CIs which were classified into 3 major categories of CIs namely: students’ misbehavior, smart student, and self-improvement. The meanings of these CIs were; motivating teacher to be reflective teacher, empower teacher to be agentic teacher in finding solution, developing teachers’ identities, supporting teachers to have better quality of teaching, and improving teacher confidence. Those meanings of CIs gave a great role to construct Senior High School English teachers’ identity.