Narrative Method Research Articles

Who Wants to Become a Role Model? Personal Narratives of Success and Internal Dynamics of Change in Nairobi’s Ghettos

Abstract This article contributes to an understanding of the internal dynamics of change in Nairobi’s ghettos (Kenya). Spaces of relegation for the urban poor, referred to by our interlocutors as “ghettos”, are often portrayed either as objects of international interventionism or as deprived areas neglected by national or metropolitan policies. We argue that social and material change in these spaces can be conceptualised at the interface between personal narratives of change and the structural urban dynamics at play. Using qualitative methods of individual narratives, we examine in particular how individuals identified as successful by those around them, born and raised in Nairobi’s marginalised neighbourhoods, construct their self trajectories as role models to invest themselves as vectors of change within their “ghetto”. Drawing on literature that focuses on the power of personal and collective narratives of social change, we explore how they perform their narrative and transform it into a “narrative capital”. This way, they contribute to the production of a narrative that is partially detached from external developmentalist imperatives, emphasising the importance of intergenerational links as a driving force for change, as well as the links that the ghetto maintains with its immediate urban environment.

The strategic use of ethnic and religious identity in Nigerian elections by the two dominant political parties

ABSTRACT This article examines the use of religion and ethnicity during elections in Nigeria. Nigeria’s diverse ethno-religious landscape has profoundly shaped its political dynamics, and political parties often leverage these identities to gain electoral advantage. During elections, Nigerians tend to align with political parties based on the party’s religious ideology. Self-serving politicians and political parties have turned to religion as a campaign tool. This is a qualitative study using the narrative method. Data was gathered from semi-structured interviews with 11 purposively selected informants and from relevant academic literature. Documentary analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study were presented thematically, thus: a) the resurgence of political religion; b) the rise of religious populists; c) the emergence of militarizated non-state actors; d) the targets of Christian religious voters; e) the targets of ethnic groups from southern Nigeria; f) the target of state apparatus; g) bad leadership; and h) the institutionalisation of authoritarianism. During election campaigns, Nigerians vote for candidates with particular religious or ethnic identities due to the fear of losing their lives or properties.

Artificial Intelligence in Dental Caries Diagnosis and Detection: An Umbrella Review.

Dental caries is largely preventable, yet an important global health issue. Numerous systematic reviews have summarized the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI) models for the diagnosis and detection of dental caries. Therefore, this umbrella review aimed to synthesize the results of systematic reviews on the application and effectiveness of AI models in diagnosing and detecting dental caries. MEDLINE/PubMed, IEEE Explore, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to retrieve studies. Two authors independently screened the articles based on eligibility criteria and then, appraised the included articles. The findings are summarized in tabulation form and discussed using the narrative method. A total of 1249 entries were identified out of which 7 were finally included. The most often employed AI algorithms were the multilayer perceptron, support vector machine (SVM), and neural networks. The algorithms were built to perform the segmentation, classification, caries detection, diagnosis, and caries prediction from several sources, including periapical radiographs, panoramic radiographs, smartphone images, bitewing radiographs, near-infrared light transillumination images, and so forth. Convoluted neural networks (CNN) demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve in the caries detection, segmentation, and classification tests. Notably, AI in conjunction with periapical and panoramic radiography images yielded better accuracy in detecting and diagnosing dental caries. AI models, especially convolutional neural network (CNN)-based models, have an enormous amount of potential for accurate, objective dental caries diagnosis and detection. However, ethical considerations and cautious adoption remain critical to its successful integration into routine practice.

Success Story or Traumatic Experience? An Attempt to Integrate Trauma Theory with Oral History Research for the Interpretation of First-Person Stories

This article focuses on the following issues: (1) how a narrator describes life under political repression in a retrospective first-person story; (2) the extent to which such a story can be analysed from the perspective of trauma theory; (3) what the use of trauma theory in combination with the methods of folk narrative and oral history research can offer for a more diverse interpretation of such a story. The story selected for observation was written in 2001, focusing on events in Soviet Estonia (1940–1941, 1944–1991). At the time of telling this story, the Soviet era was publicly interpreted as a period of interruption of Estonian cultural and political continuity. Social scientists observed the Soviet period from the perspective of cultural trauma. In this way, the narrator presented complex past events in a framework that points to the restoration of historical justice. Although this story represents a positive attitude towards historical and cultural developments in Estonia, the analysis of this story indicates that traces of trauma can be found at the levels of the story that reflect the formation of the narrator’s identity.

Understanding of Nurses as Causative Factor of Physical Health, Mental Health and Emotional Aspect of Nurses in Local Government Hospital

Nurses facilitate the entire health care journey from hospital admission to discharge. This role gives them unique perspective and power to drive positive patient outcomes. However, understaffing of nursing personnel in local government hospital is causative factor that leads to resignations, change of profession, moving to another hospital with a higher salary, and migration to other countries. Thereby intensifying the shortage in local government hospitals like Ospital ng Lungsod ng San Jose Del Monte of Bulacan. Qualitative narrative research method was used in this study. Interview guide questions were validated by experts in the academe with chosen nurse supervisors, head nurses and staff nurses as participants. The study affirmed the opinions and ideas of the nurses on understaffing in the Ospital ng Lungsod ng San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan. Moreover, this study revealed the negative effects of understaffing in the physical health, mental health and emotional challenges of nurses in the said hospital. Based on the results of the study enhancement of policies on the nurse staffing towards the well-being of nurses was framed.

Multisided collaboration and double stakeholder approach coexistence in restaurants: From Corporate Social Responsibility practices to partnerships for the goals

AbstractRestaurants have been becoming increasingly aware of their responsibilities and impact; however, literature on corporate social responsibility has mainly applied quantitative methods to analyze the environmental dimension of sustainability. By drawing on the stakeholder theory approach (normative vs. instrumental) and through a qualitative narrative method based on the analysis of 41 open interviews, this study aims to evaluate which stakeholders are engaged in restaurant‐related CSR practices and the nature of the relationship that ties them together. The results show that although a normative approach is more common, both approaches coexist in many cases. The emergence of multisided collaboration and a double approach enables achieving sustainability issues outside a strictly instrumental logic. This study contributes to the scant literature on CSR in restaurants by analyzing a wider set of stakeholders engaged in sustainability practices and indicating which practices are common and why and how stakeholders are involved.

Eco-print Exploration As An Effort To Improve Writing Ability Based On Project Based Learning (Pjbl)

The low ability to write procedure texts for making eco-prints for students in grades V and VI is caused by several things that must be observed. This is due to students' lack of understanding of procedural texts, difficulty communicating knowledge in written form, and difficulty composing effective sentences. This research aims to analyze Eco-print exploration activities as an effort to improve writing skills based on project-based learning (PjBL) integrated with Tri-N (niteni, niroake, nambahi). Tri-N concert encourages students to have the ability to observe and scrutinize an object or the stages of the Eco-print process. Then, imitate with a bank that will eventually grow creativity and innovation. This research uses the narrative method to describe the steps of making eco-print, which serves as teaching material to improve students' writing skills. The data collection technique in this research is using observation, interview and documentation techniques. The research findings show that Eco-print exploration activities with the stages of the work creation process are able to explore, narrate the stages, and ultimately foster the ability to write a narrative based on project-based learning (PjBL) integrated with Tri-N (niteni, niroake, nambahi). Through the narrative approach, it can improve students' writing skills, especially in terms of writing descriptions and creativity. The implications of this study highlight the potential of using hands-on activities, such as eco-print making, to improve students' writing skills and enhance their understanding of the writing process.

О некоторых причинах создания органов лагерной юстиции

The article analyzes the reasons that led to the appearance in the first half of the 1930s camp justice. This topic is understudied. In previous studies, this issue was either ignored, or the emphasis was placed on the allocation of any one factor that contributed to the appearance of these organs. This study is based on the use of historical-genetic, historical-systemic and narrative methods. The source base for this article was unpublished archival documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. Among them, the reports of the People's Commissariat of Justice and the USSR Prosecutor's Office on the situation in places of detention should be noted. The author believes that a complex of factors contributed to the creation of camp justice. Among them, the author highlights: a high number of prisoners; high crime rate in places of detention; weak administration in places of detention, which posed a threat to the fulfillment of economic plans; the desire of the country's leadership to have an additional channel for obtaining information about the situation in places of detention; the need for prompt consideration of cases in these places; exclusion or minimization of the influence of local leadership on the decisions made by the camp justice authorities.

"I Want Everybody to Know as Much of My Life Story as They Can": Life Stories of Former Foster Youth.

The power of stories shared by young people in foster care is well-documented. Largely left unexplored is a story of foster care that is told within a fuller context of the life course. Using narrative and life history methods, this study sought to retrospectively identify and connect life experiences in histories of young people and explore how systems are portrayed. Twelve adults formerly in foster care completed three interviews each and nominated six professionals from foster care for an interview. A three-phase analytical process identified and displayed themes across six developmental stages. Results suggest that life stories contained adversities that were: (1) intergenerational, (2) chronic, (3) complex, and (4) structural. The participants intentionally acted to try to mitigate adversities by accessing opportunities for prosocial pathways. These exploratory findings challenge child welfare policy and practice to attend to young people's life stories and their conceptions of systems that advance well-being.

Why Do Physicians Prescribe Antibiotics? A Systematic Review of the Psycho-Socio-Organisational Factors Related to Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing of Antimicrobials in Europe.

Purpose: Effective antimicrobial use enhances care quality and combats antibiotic resistance. Yet, non-guideline factors influence potentially inappropriate prescribing. This study explores psycho-socio-organisational factors in antimicrobial prescribing as perceived by physicians across primary, secondary, and tertiary care. Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases from 1 January 2000, to 8 March 2023, with an update search until 30 January 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on studies in Europe exploring psycho-socio-organisational factors for antibiotic prescribing from physicians' perspectives in hospital, inpatient, or primary care settings. Exclusion criteria targeted out-of-office prescriptions or low-quality studies. To evaluate the latter, several quality and risk-of-bias checklists were used. Data were extracted on study characteristics, study design, and methods and identified determinants of antibiotic prescribing. Data was analysed using a narrative synthesis method. Results: Among 8370 articles, 58 met inclusion criteria, yielding 35 articles from 23 countries. Three main themes emerged: personal, psychological, and organisational factors, encompassing seven determinants including work experience, knowledge, guideline adherence, uncertainty management, perceived pressure, time constraints, and diagnostic resource availability. Uncertainty management was key, with work experience and knowledge mitigating it. No additional factors emerged in the updated search. Conclusion: Enhanced uncertainty management decreases perceived patient and/or parental pressure to prescribe antibiotics, contributing to reducing potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP). Therefore, it is imperative to educate physicians on effectively managing uncertainty. Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing should be tailored to the specific needs and preferences of the different prescribing physicians.

Carrusel Colaborativo: Grupo Nutresa

By the year 2005, the meat business sector formed by “Rica Rondo S.A.”, “Industria Nacional de Alimentos S.A.”, “Suizo S.A.”,” Zenú S.A.”, and “Almacenes La 14 S.A.” started a new strategic alliance aiming to increase their supply chain efficiency, a strategy they named “Collaborative Carousel”. Their main goal was to improve delivery times, reception and assortment of of brands such as: “Zenú”, “Rica Rondo”, and “Suizo” in the ten “Alma - cenes La 14 S.A.” stores, looking forward to ensure the best service for the final consumer. The result of this experience helped generate a collective knowledged, which allowed everyone to identify improvement opportunities in their logistics operations. This article presents a success story based on the application of the principle of collaboration in last mile processes. The methodology used corresponds to the narrative case method, presents the business evolution of several businesses, accounts for the success of the collaborative carousel type articulation process (step by step), which links resources, actors, interests, culture, and results.

Linguistic landscape as a tool of identity negotiation: The case of the Nepali ethnic communities in West Bengal

Ethnic identity is dynamic and hence mutable concerning time and place. It is a social construction that involves society and its actors. Ethnic identity as a social construction is not free from the negotiation process. Such negotiations occur through various tools, the linguistic landscape being one of them. Despite the plethora of literature on identity negotiation in a multicultural and multilingual context, the linguistic landscape has not been sufficiently explored, especially considering it a tool in the ethnic identity negotiation process. Thus, how an ethnic community negotiates identity through linguistic landscape has been the major quest of the research. Therefore, the research tries to empirically examine the process of identity negotiation among the Nepali ethnic communities of Siliguri in the Darjeeling district of the state of West Bengal, India. 60 shop signs of the Nepali ethnic communities were photographed, applying the photographic data collection method. Unstructured interviews with each Nepali shop owner (ethnic sign producer) were also conducted. Photographic data were analyzed semiotically, and thematic and narrative analysis methods were adopted to interpret the interview data. In general, a mixed-method approach was used to analyze the data. The findings suggest that ethnic members symbolically ethnicize their shop signs to negotiate identity. The study shows how LL can be a tool of ethnic identity politics in India. The study signifies how ethnic communities assert identity through LL signage and how LL acts as an effective tool for identity negotiation in contemporary multicultural and multilingual Indian society. Also, this study contends that ethnicity is a relevant aspect of contemporary society and a political resource to ethnic communities.

Students as co-researchers: participatory methods for decolonising research in teaching and learning in higher education

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the potential, challenges, and limits of participatory, narrative and multimodal research methods as contributions to decolonising research on understanding student experiences of teaching and learning in higher education. Drawing on Fraser’s social justice concepts of participatory parity, redistribution, recognition, and representation, we argue that methodologies and methods for researching students’ experiences need to redress power imbalances implicit in many existing approaches. We suggest how participatory methodologies can be combined with narrative inquiry and multimodal methods where students research their own lives and contexts. We critically reflect on an international study based in South Africa with South African and UK partners involving 65 undergraduate students from rural backgrounds who participated as co-researchers over 12 months. We highlight decolonial debates in relation to participatory research, before outlining our methodological approach and interrogating the potential, limitations, and future possibilities of co-researcher methodologies for decolonising student-focused research in higher education

신체폭력을 동반한 교권침해로 인한 초등교사의 공무상요양 경험에 대한 자전적 내러티브 탐구

Objectives In this study, an elementary school teacher was subjected to violence by a student during class in a classroom within the school, and the case was filed as a violation of teaching rights. After becoming a recipient of official medical care and spending time devoting time to treatment, a study was conducted to derive and understand the meaning of the violation of teaching rights accompanied by physical violence and the experience of official medical care. Methods For this purpose, an elementary school teacher who was disrupted by a student during class hours at S Elementary School in Region C, and who suffered physical violence from a student while providing guidance on the student's disruptive behavior, was selected as a research participant. The study was conducted by applying an autobiographical narrative Inquiry research method. The field text collected according to the narrative Inquiry was composed of intermediate text, and the meaning of the experience was derived by converting it into research text through review and cooperation with a research participant. Results In the telling process of autobiographical narrative inquiry, the content was described in five themes centered on the three-dimensional axis of narrative inquiry(temporality, spatiality, and sociality). In retelling, there are three topics (looking at the violation of teaching rights accompanied by physical violence properly in the learning space, overcoming the violation of teaching rights through a culture of consideration and respect, and creating an education system that allows teachers who have been victims of teaching rights infringement to grow again). The meaning of experience was explored by grouping as topics. Conclusions These research results sought to reach a conclusion by clarifying the legitimacy of the research at the personal, practical, and social levels, which is the legitimacy of narrative inquiry, and ended the research by presenting three research suggestions.

동료지지모임을 통한 상담수련생의 ‘상담자-되기’에 관한 자전적 내러티브 탐구

Objectives This study was conducted to understand the experiences and meanings of counseling trainees' ‘counselor-becoming’ through peer support group. Methods For this, the autobiographical narrative inquiry method of Clandin and Connelly was used. Researchers simultaneously played the role of research participants and explored the empirical meaning. It was intended to secure the validity of the study through recording of experiences, transcription of speech, social text, and SNS data, and in-depth writing and cross-analysis of three researchers. Results As a result of the study, the participants had the following experiences through peer support group. First, they experienced the process of embodying counseling knowledge through intellectual discussion and relationship dynamics. Second, by opening themselves up in the field of experiment called relationship, they experienced the experience of discovering ‘I’ and building introspection toward each other. Third, they experienced being a counselor by experiencing personal and professional care together within peer support group. Conclusions In the conclusions and suggestions, based on the derived research results, the implications of the ‘counselor-becoming’ experience in which cognition, emotion, and relationship skills are integrated through peer support groups and the significance of the study were derived. It also presented tasks on how counseling trainees, including research participants, can use peer support groups more effectively.

Reformation of the Almajiri Educational System in Nigeria Through the Maqashid Al-Shari’ah Paradigm

The Almajiri phenomenon is one of the pandemic matters affecting Muslims in the North, specifically Nigeria as a nation. It depicts a condition whereby children of school age, ostensibly enrolled to study under Mallams, roam about the streets in tattered clothes, begging, scavenging, and doing all sorts of odd jobs. While Islam places a high premium on education, emerging issues about The Almajiri system of education have heightened the need to re-examine the concept from the perspective of the essence, purpose, goal, and objective of Islamic law (Maqasid al-Shari’ah). To this extent, the practice of the Almajiri system of education as obtainable in Nigeria should be subjected to the balance of Maqasid as-Shari’ah to ascertain its acceptability and fecundity. This paper therefore attempts to assess and appraise the Almajiri educational system in Nigeria to reform its operation and recommend steps towards attaining the overall educational goals of Islam as enshrined in the Shari’ah. The researcher adopts both historical and narrative research methods in the work. This article finds a strong correlation between the Almajiri system of education and Maqasid as-Shari’ah. The research concludes that there is a dire need for Nigerian Muslims to adopt the Maqasid as-Shari’ah as the guiding principle for the reformation and operation of the Almajiri educational system, particularly in the northern part of the country.

MİLAN KUNDERA – “GÜLMƏLİ MƏHƏBBƏTLƏR” HEKAYƏSİNDƏ MƏHƏBBƏT İDEYASI

Milan Kundera – The Idea of Love in the Story "Laughable Loves" Summary Born in Brno, Czechoslovakia, Milan Kundera was a student when the Czech communist regime was established in 1948, and later worked as a laborer, jazz musician and professor at the Institute for Advanced Cinematographic Studies in Prague. His books were banned after the Russian occupation in August 1968. She and her husband settled in France in 1975, and in 1981 became French citizens. He is the author of the novels "Joke", "Life is Elsewhere", "Goodbye Waltz", "Book of Laughter and Forgetfulness", "The Unbearable Lightness of Being" and "Immortality" and a collection of short stories "Laughable Loves" – all originally in Czech. His most recent novels, Slowness, Personality, and Ignorance, as well as his non-fiction works, Roman Art and Betrayed Will, were first written in French. The core of the themes that the author will work on in his later novels, as well as the original and innovative narrative methods in the development of these themes can be found in Kundera's "Laughable Loves", written with the greatest pleasure and delight. It can be said that the story book, which took ten years to write, is very different in terms of both content and form. In Kundera's stories, men persecute women with their "erotic passions." Married, single, old and young men face social difficulties, accept the loss of time and economic difficulties and try to attract women. Kundera beautifully reflects the universal challenges they face during this marathon. "Laughable Loves" is about raising the power of expression and aesthetics, as well as the successful depiction of this universal event – with humor.

The effect of psychotherapeutic interventions on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, depression and self-esteem in women exposed to violence: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This study aimed to reveal the level of effect of psychotherapeutic interventions on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, depression, and self-esteem in women who had been exposed to violence. For this systematic review and meta-analysis study, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and YÖK Thesis Center databases were searched without any year limitation in August-December 2022, and 28 studies were included. The data were synthesized using meta-analysis and narrative methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis found that psychotherapeutic interventions for women exposed to violence were effective on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in individuals (SMD: -0,590, %95 CI: -0,893- 0.196; Z= -2,937, p = 0.003, I2= %93,59). Psychotherapeutic interventions had a significant effect on women’s depression levels in favor of the intervention group, and there was high heterogeneity between the studies (SMD: -0,475, %95 CI: -0,838- 0.113; Z= -2,569, p = 0.010, I2= %90,68). Subgroup analyses showed that cognitive behavioral therapy was effective in the treatment of intimate partner violence. It was also found that psychotherapeutic interventions did not affect women’s self-esteem levels. Psychotherapeutic therapies for women who have experienced violence have a favorable impact on them and improve their mental health.

Islamic Value-Based Digital Storytelling in Persuasive Messages on Social Media for Crowdfunding Organizations (Narrative Analysis of Instagram Account @Actforhumanity)

This research aims to analyze narrative digital storytelling based on Islamic values created by the Instagram account @actforhumanity. The researchers use a narrative analysis method within a constructivist paradigm, focusing on posts containing photos, videos, and captions that include Islamic values, characterization, emotion, and setting elements. The study covers posts from October 1, 2021, to January 20, 2022. The research identifies ten programs conducted by the Aksi Cepat Tanggap team. Two characterization methods were found: Aksi Cepat Tanggap as the hero helping victims and descriptions of the problems faced by victims. The study identifies thirteen types of settings, with citizen residences, refugee camps, and open spaces being the most dominant. Eleven emotions were identified, with sadness, compassion, and joy being the most prevalent. Seventeen kinds of Islamic values were used to build narratives, with the values of caring, charity, and helping each other being the most prominent.

The Structure of the Place and Its Transformations in TV Drama

The diversity of narrative methods has opened up new horizons in the process of recounting events and entering into narrative sequences, after which the dramatic text follows varying levels in the movement of dramatic events. This overlap in the narrative has made the artworker have multiple options in shaping his graphic structure, beginning with the formation of the logical introduction, the appearance of the actor, and leading to conflict and confrontation and the creation of tension and excitement. These methods, the multiple reading of the dramatic text, the formation of events, the building of a vision, the treatment, the development of excretive solutions and the creation of a virtual world, run in many strange and fantasi places, for those worlds, and the transformations of the dramatic event accompanied by a shift in space and time. Based on the movement of the operator, the search for its objective, the overlapping of the narrative systems, and its use in accordance with the narrative sequences created by the artworkmaker, the recipient is able to keep track of the events and expand the narrative of the events, as determined by the artwork industry, thus creating a beautiful response and arriving at the composition of the meaning of the visual output. Therefore, the problem of research can be formulated with the following question: What are the ways in which the dramatic narrative and spatial intuitions can be reflected in the output? The aim of the research is to detect dramatic robotics and spatial structure transformations in visual output.