Narrative Language Research Articles

The development of a digital story-retell elicitation and analysis tool through citizen science data collection, software development and machine learning.

In order to leverage the potential benefits of technology to speech and language therapy language assessment processes, large samples of naturalistic language data must be collected and analysed. These samples enable the development and testing of novel software applications with data relevant to their intended clinical application. However, the collection and analysis of such data can be costly and time-consuming. This paper describes the development of a novel application designed to elicit and analyse young children's story retell narratives to provide metrics regarding the child's use of grammatical structures (micro-structure) and story grammar (macro-structure elements). Key aspects for development were (1) methods to collect story retells, ensure accurate transcription and segmentation of utterances; (2) testing the reliability of the application to analyse micro-structure elements in children's story retells and (3) development of an algorithm to analyse narrative macro-structure elements. A co-design process was used to design an app which would be used to gather story retell samples from children using mobile technology. A citizen science approach using mainstream marketing via online channels, the media and billboard ads was used to encourage participation from children across the United Kingdom. A stratified sampling framework was used to ensure a representative sample was obtained across age, gender and five bands of socio-economic disadvantage using partial postcodes and the relevant indices of deprivation. Trained Research Associates (RA) completed transcription and micro and macro-structure analysis of the language samples. Methods to improve transcriptions produced by automated speech recognition were developed to enable reliable analysis. RA micro-structure analyses were compared to those generated by the digital application to test its reliability using intra-class correlation (ICC). RA macro-structure analyses were used to train an algorithm to produce macro-structure metrics. Finally, results from the macro-structure algorithm were compared against a subset of RA macro-structure analyses not used in training to test its reliability using ICC. A total of 4,517 profiles were made in the app used in data collection and from these participants a final set of 599 were drawn which fulfilled the stratified sampling criteria. The story retells ranged from 35.66 s to 251.4 s in length and had word counts ranging from 37 to 496, with a mean of 148.29 words. ICC between the RA and application micro-structure analyses ranged from 0.213 to 1.0 with 41 out of a total of 44 comparisons reaching 'good' (0.70-0.90) or 'excellent' (>0.90) levels of reliability. ICC between the RA and application macro-structure features were completed for 85 samples not used in training the algorithm. ICC ranged from 0.5577 to 0.939 with 5 out of 7 metrics being 'good' or better. Work to date has demonstrated the potential of semi-automated transcription and linguistic analyses to provide reliable, detailed and informative narrative language analysis for young children and for the use of citizen science based approaches using mobile technologies to collect representative and informative research data. Clinical evaluation of this new app is ongoing, so we do not yet have data documenting its developmental or clinical sensitivity and specificity.

Executive Function and Narrative Language Abilities in Emergent Bilingual Preschoolers: An Exploratory Study.

In light of the importance of preschool oral narrative skills as precursors to literacy, this exploratory study examined expressive language skills among emergent bilingual Latine preschoolers using a naturalistic personal narrative task. To understand the factors that support language use in the personal narrative context for this population, we examined the contribution of children's executive function (EF) skills to their narrative language abilities. Children completed two subtests from the Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment to measure EF and produced two personal narratives in response to conversational prompts. A series of linear regressions were used to evaluate the relation between children's EF skills and their narrative production ability, narrative organization, and expressive language skills derived from automated analyses of narrative samples. EF was found to predict children's ability to produce a personal narrative but not the language skills children demonstrated in these narratives. The current findings suggest that EF is implicated in emergent bilingual Latine children's narrative abilities. At the preschool age, the contribution of EF to narrative language production is apparent in the global task of producing a narrative, rather than in the organizational or linguistic features of the narrative. As such, supporting both EF and narrative skills might be an important means of facilitating preliteracy among bilingual children.

Angry lions and scared neighbors: Complex demonstrations in sign language role shift at the sign-gesture interface

Abstract Sign languages make use of the full expressive power of the visual-gestural modality to report the utterances and/or actions of another person. A signer can shift into the perspective of one or more persons and reproduce the utterances or actions from the perspective of these persons. This modality-specific device of utterance and action report is called role shift or constructed action. Especially in sign language narration, role shift is a productive and expressive means that can be used to demonstrate linguistic and non-linguistic actions. Recent developments in sign language linguistics put forth new formal semantic analyses of role shift at the interface between sign language and gesture, integrating insights from classical cognitive and formal analyses of quotation, demonstration and perspective/context shift in spoken and sign languages. In this article, I build on recent accounts of role shift as a modality-specific device of demonstration and show that a modified version of this theory even accounts for cases of complex demonstrations including hybrid demonstrations, multiple demonstrations and demonstrations involving a complex interaction of gestural and linguistic components.

Applying core lexicon analysis in patients with anomic aphasia: Based on Mandarin AphasiaBank.

Patients with anomic aphasia experience difficulties in narrative processing. General discourse measures are time consuming and require necessary skills. Core lexicon analysis has been proposed as an effort-saving approach but has not been developed in Mandarin discourse. This exploratory study was aimed (1) to apply core lexicon analysis in Mandarin patients with anomic aphasia at the discourse level and (2) to verify the problems with core words among people with anomic aphasia. The core nouns and verbs were extracted from narrative language samples from 88 healthy participants. The production of core words for 12 anomic aphasia and 12 age- and education-matched controls were then calculated and compared. The correlation between the percentages and the Aphasia Quotients of the revised Western Aphasia Battery was analyzed as well. The core nouns and verbs were successfully extracted. Patients with anomic aphasia produced fewer core words than healthy people, and the percentages differed significantly in different tasks as well as word classes. There was no correlation between the core lexicon use and the severity of aphasia in patients with anomic aphasia. Core lexicon analysis may potentially serve as a clinician-friendly manner of quantifying core words produced at the discourse level in Mandarin patients with anomic aphasia. What is already known on the subject Discourse analyses in aphasia assessment and treatment have increasingly garnered attention. Core lexicon analysis based on English AphasiaBank has been reported in recent years. It is correlated with microlinguistic and macrolinguistic measures in aphasia narratives. Nevertheless, the application based on Mandarin AphasiaBank is still under development in healthy individuals and patients with anomic aphasia. What this paper adds to existing knowledge A Mandarin core lexicon set was developed for different tasks. The feasibility of core lexicon analysis to evaluate the corpus of patients with anomic aphasia was preliminarily discussed and the speech performance of patients and healthy people was then compared to provide a reference for the evaluation and treatment of clinical aphasia corpus. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The purpose of this exploratory study was to consider the potential use of core lexicon analysis to evaluate core word production in narrative discourse. Moreover, normative and aphasia data were provided for comparison to develop clinical use for Mandarin patients with anomic aphasia.

Американский кинематограф, ФБР и пропаганда: образ внутреннего врага (1941–1942 гг.)

Introduction. The period 1941–1942 became a time when American art was rapidly rebuilt on “military rails.” Cultural figures in every way reinforced the morale of American soldiers and were engaged in justifying various actions of the government through a more accessible and understandable language of artistic narrative. Methods and materials. The rich material of the archive of the FBI, the army and other US security services allows a better look at how the cinema obeyed the propaganda needs of the warring power. The article is based on the principles of historicism and systematics, as well as the methods of historical comparativistics and imagology (discourse-analysis, analysis of audiovisual representation and some others). Analysis and results. It is quite clear that cinema played a special role in these processes – the most massive and popular type of art, which in the previous two decades became the most common form of leisure for Americans. This article is devoted to the use of cinema to justify the initially extremely unpopular measure of the American government to intern the Japanese in concentration camps in the light of the entry of the United States into World War II.

Envisioning motherhood: Mental-state language in caregiving narratives across the perinatal period.

Nancy Suchman's work highlighted the fundamental role of maternal mentalization in maternal addiction, mental health, and caregiving challenges. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of mental-state language (MSL) as a measure of mentalization in prenatal and postnatal narratives and their sentiment in a sample of 91 primarily White mothers from the western United States, followed from the second trimester of pregnancy, through the third trimester, to 4 months postpartum. Specifically, we investigated the use of affective and cognitive MSL in prenatal narratives when mothers visualized caring for their baby and postnatal narratives when mothers compared their prenatal visualization to the current caregiving reality. Results indicated moderate consistency in MSL between the second and third trimesters, but prenatal and postnatal MSL was not significantly correlated. Across all time points, higher use of MSL was related to more positive sentiment, indicating an association between mentalization and positive caregiving representations across the perinatal period. Women used more affective than cognitive MSL in prenatal imagination of caregiving, but this pattern was reversed in their postpartum reflection. Implications on assessing parental mentalization prenatally and considering the relative dominance of affective and cognitive mentalizing are discussed while considering study limitations.

Words matter: using natural language processing to predict neurosurgical residency match outcomes.

Narrative letters of recommendation (NLORs) are considered by neurosurgical program directors to be among the most important parts of the residency application. However, the utility of these NLORs in predicting match outcomes compared to objective measures has not been determined. In this study, the authors compare the performance of machine learning models trained on applicant NLORs and demographic data to predict match outcomes and investigate whether narrative language is predictive of standardized letter of recommendation (SLOR) rankings. This study analyzed 1498 NLORs from 391 applications submitted to a single neurosurgery residency program over the 2020-2021 cycle. Applicant demographics and match outcomes were extracted from Electronic Residency Application Service applications and training program websites. Logistic regression models using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were trained to predict match outcomes using applicant NLOR text and demographics. Another model was trained on NLOR text to predict SLOR rankings. Model performance was estimated using area under the curve (AUC). Both the NLOR and demographics models were able to discriminate similarly between match outcomes (AUCs 0.75 and 0.80; p = 0.13). Words including "outstanding," "seamlessly," and "AOA" (Alpha Omega Alpha) were predictive of match success. This model was able to predict SLORs ranked in the top 5%. Words including "highest," "outstanding," and "best" were predictive of the top 5% SLORs. NLORs and demographic data similarly discriminate whether applicants will or will not match into a neurosurgical residency program. However, NLORs potentially provide further insight regarding applicant fit. Because words used in NLORs are predictive of both match outcomes and SLOR rankings, continuing to include narrative evaluations may be invaluable to the match process.

A Study on the Relationship between Slow Journalism and Virtual Reality: The New York Times and The Guardian Samples

The present study has highlighted the relationship between virtual reality and slow journalism in news presentation and has sought an answer to the question whether this relationship would create a journalism model that prioritizes sensation and empathy required by the society. To this end, a content analysis was conducted in the context of slow journalism on a total of 316 news stories on the YouTube channels of The New York Times and The Guardian newspapers that were prepared with virtual reality applications. The findings of the analysis have revealed that the news stories (VR news) prepared using the virtual reality technology hold the potential to enable the users to sense the events more deeply. It has also been found that VR news stories are mainly selected from timeless topics that are among the most important elements of slow journalism and prepared and presented with a narrative language. It is believed that when virtual reality experiences and slow journalism contents are brought together, it is possible to produce a sensitive journalism practice that has a potential to prioritize sensation, feeling and empathy and destroy prejudices formed over stereotypes. Through such news, the audience will be able to feel, sense and finally empathize with the event enjoying the technical features of virtual reality applications that enable storytelling. Drawing on the fact that media is an important means of cultural transmission and adopting the principles of slow journalism, it is thought that news content prepared with the virtual reality technology has a transformative effect on society.

Curriculum-Based Dynamic Assessment of Narratives for Bilingual Filipino Children.

Speech-language pathologists need tools that can accurately estimate bilingual children's language abilities and thus help avoid misdiagnoses. This study addresses this need by investigating the accuracy of a novel curriculum-based dynamic assessment of narratives in distinguishing bilingual children with language difficulties (LDs) from children with typically developing (TD) language. Participants comprised 34 Filipino-English bilingual children attending elementary school in English: seven with LDs and 27 with TD language. All children were assessed on narrative skills relevant to their school curriculum during a dynamic assessment involving a test-teach-test sequence. We then examined how accurately the children's scores on narrative tasks completed during the test phases, and on a modifiability rating scale completed during the teaching phase, discriminated the LD and TD groups. According to discriminant analyses, logistic regressions, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, the modifiability rating classified the children with 97.1% accuracy. Children's scores on the narrative measures following the teaching phase were also better at predicting language group than their initial scores, with the Test of Narrative Language-Second Edition (TNL-2) Narrative Language Ability Index score reaching 100% accuracy at posttest. The curriculum-based dynamic assessment of narratives shows promise at distinguishing TD language from LD in a group of understudied bilingual children that is rapidly growing in both Canada and the United States. The findings compare favorably to past studies of dynamic assessment and extend this work by integrating curricular goals to the narrative assessment process.

“Or even Frisian, yes. No, no”: The negotiation of space for a minority language in narratives by pre-service teachers

AbstractNegative attitudes towards minority languages in educational settings can have far-reaching consequences for pupils’ academic achievement and well-being, yet they prevail in most education systems. The current study adds to research on language attitudes in education by analysing the narrative negotiation of the value of Frisian, a minority language from the northern Netherlands. For this analysis, a number of narratives on experiences with Frisian in a variety of learning environments will be discussed. These narratives come from interviews (n=8) that were selected from a larger corpus of semi-structured interviews on multilingualism in education with pre-service teachers from the northern Netherlands. Our analysis shows that in these narratives, Frisian is continuously cast as having to be neutralised, as it threatens classroom order, academic success, and the quality of teaching. Even in narratives that instead propose Frisian as something positive, the language needs to be somehow managed, often by ascribing it to a marginalised space, thus reifying implicit or explicit language hierarchies, as well as the supposedly peripheral, rural, and outdated character of this language. This study paves the way for future research on the regulating effects of dominant narratives for the value of minority languages in actual learning environments.

Reliability and validity evidence for the English and Spanish preschool narrative language measures-listening

For young Spanish-speaking children entering U. S. schools, it is imperative that educators foster growth in the home language and in the language of instruction to the fullest extent possible. Monitoring language development over time is crucial for promoting language development because it allows educators to individualize student instruction. The Narrative Language Measures-Listening (NLM-Listening) subtest of the CUBED assessment was designed as a curriculum-based benchmark and progress monitoring tool for eliciting narrative language samples from preschool children in an authentic manner. In both English and Spanish, NLM-Listening includes 25 preschool alternate forms equated on story structure and language complexity. Standardized administration and real time scoring procedures enhance the NLM-Listening's reliability and feasibility. This study offers a rigorous examination of the reliability and validity evidence for using the Spanish and English NLM-Listening with preschool children. Using a Latin-square design to randomize order of administration, 126 three- to four-year-old children attending Head Start preschool received up to 25 forms of the Spanish (N = 61) or English (N = 65) versions, and two criterion measures of language in Spanish or English, respectively, within a few weeks of each other. Results indicated that the NLM-Listening has strong alternate-form reliability and strong evidence of validity based on unidimensional factor analyses and moderately high correlations with criterion measures of language. The NLM-Listening is a promising tool for monitoring preschoolers’ language development in English and Spanish.

The Challenge of Representing Ethno-Literature: The Case of Macunaima's Decolonial Glossary

Among the challenges in organizing ethnoknowl­edge is adhering to the theoretical methodological principle of literary warrant. This paper seeks to build a terminological tool that meets both the principle of literary warrant and the decolonial perspective. In Mário de Andrade’s work Macunaíma, we identified the connection with an ethno- literature that served us as a literary warrant for constructing a notional system grounded in a decolonial perspective. The corpus was compiled from the glossary produced by M. Cavalcanti Proença. Proença’s research drew from Tupinologist sources, comprising records of an ethno-literature previously unknown to us. These records are rooted in narratives of the once-forgotten General Language of the Amazon, the Nheengatu. Proença's sources also include the Brazilian South Americanist Capistrano de Abreu, and the German ethnologist Theodor Koch-Grünberg. The research identified 2112 entries consisting of terms and synonyms. Each entry was accompanied by a definition that considered both the semantic aspect and the historical context. Collectively, these entries grant us with the depth and richness of Brazilian vocabulary at its roots. Despite encountering representation challenges akin to those in interdisciplinary spaces, the Macunaíma’s Decolonial Glossary will contribute to the documentation of the National Inventory of Linguistic Diversity.

Audiovisual content of cultural journalism in wartime to the issue of national identity

The research relevance is defined by the mission of cultural journalism that is clearly aware of the changes in society’s values and historical topics, modern narratives of Ukrainian culture, language, and history both for the domestic consumer and abroad. The research subject is the audiovisual content of the Ukrainian media space, which is represented by a community of media professionals, amateurs, and video bloggers. This is due to the simplification of video production technologies and the availability of communication platforms for the distribution of audiovisual content. The aim of the research is to consider the impact of cultural journalism in the form of audiovisual content on the processes of creating national identity and self-awareness of Ukrainians during the war. The methods of content analysis, cultural and semantic analysis were used to achieve the goal. As a result of the research, the special role of wartime cultural journalism in the process of creating national identity was proved. It should also be taken into account that long-term research into the nature of an audiovisual work has proven the power of its influence on the processes of forming values and the worldview of a mass audience, however, this segment of the media space is not used enough in cultural journalism today. The majority of audiovisual content in the media today consists of conversational informational and analytical formats like video blogs of experts, analysts, and opinion leaders on relevant wartime topics. Many young Ukrainian YouTube amateurs create and promote such content very actively. At the same time, the creation and distribution of similar projects by professional media have a non-systematic nature, often a convergent form. On the one hand, the simplification of video production technologies and the availability of communication platforms led to the explosion and distribution of amateur audiovisual content on the topics of Ukrainian culture and history. On the other hand, insufficient attention of journalists and editors of Ukrainian media to audiovisual journalistic works of artistic and journalistic genres on the relevant subject is observed. Hybridization takes the place of genres into situational formats and the rapid development of cultural journalism and video blogging covering the topics of Ukrainian culture and history. The specified processes testify to the effectiveness of the factors of national identity creation in the media space today and outline the perspective of research on the specified problem.

Features of the formation of political and legal subjectivity of modern Russia S. Shakhray. How I wrote the Constitution of the Yeltsin and Putin era

The features of an autobiographical narrative allows the reader to trace not only the main stages of the life path of the hero of the story, but also to get a more complete picture of the events of the past, when the desire inevitably arises to agree, and in some ways disagree with the author’s vision and perception of events, people, features of the formation of new foundations of Russian statehood. The rather voluminous narrative of the author about the work of the First Congress of People’s Deputies of the RSFSR, where he was elected chairman of the Committee of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on legislation, deserves attention. By virtue of his position, he also became a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, which was headed by B.N. Yeltsin. Constant communication with the head of the Russian parliament helped to form a clear idea among the author of the memoirs and his colleagues, which made it possible to convince B.N. Yeltsin of the need to adopt the law on a referendum as the first practical step of the new parliament. It is obvious that such a decision made it possible to overcome many negative consequences that were the result of unprecedented political processes that took place in society in the early 1990 s. in the last century. The creation of a mechanism for holding referendums allowed the head of state to largely maintain control over the development of the situation in the country. We note the simple language of narration that is accessible to the reader, the book contains the author's assessments of legal battles that are tough in their content, emotionally colored political clashes, capacious, but at the same time objective characteristics of statesmen and public figures are given. It can be said that the author, with his work, became a forerunner for those who dare to write such memoirs, especially when it comes to such a difficult period, which began with the events of thirty years ago

Język eksponatów matematycznych jako kontekst budowania mentalnych ścieżek edukacyjnych zwiedzających centra nauki

Mathematical exhibits are an element of mathematical and didactic culture. The text below analyzes the elements of the narrative language of exhibits/exhibitions, which may be the carrier of specific meanings created by visitors to science centres. The analyzes undertaken in the text made it possible to indicate the categories of the language of commands and questions contained in these narratives. They are a cognitive context for creating mathematical cultural meanings among visitors to the centres. The study was carried out in two science centers in Poland, using a qualitative strategy, analyzing documents. The results showed quite a rich educational potential of mathematical exhibits. The language of the exhibits revealed the possibility of extensive cognitive support in the mathematical development of people visiting the centres. Forming beliefs consistent with current scientific knowledge about math cognition and learning.

Topic and Content of Personal Narratives of Children from Three East Asian Cultures and Three English-Speaking Cultures: A Collaborative Qualitative Analysis.

Narrative language skills are critical for effective social interactions and academic success. Consequently, narratives are regularly an aspect of assessment and intervention for children with communication impairments, supporting the need for information about typical development from children across cultures. Development of coherent personal narratives is associated with growth of both one's individual identity and cultural identity which are linked to psychological well-being. The topics and contents of children's personal stories can provide insight into cultural influences on what children consider important, how they interpret experiences, and their values and beliefs, which in turn contribute to their developing individual and cultural self-identity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the topics and content of personal narratives told by typically developing 10-year-old children from East Asian and Western English-speaking cultures. There were 20 children in each of three East Asian language groups - Mandarin, Cantonese, and Korean; and 62 children in the English-speaking groups (22 in the USA and 20 each in the Australian and New Zealand groups). In each group, half were boys and half were girls. Children responded to prompts from the Global TALES protocol to elicit personal narratives. All language samples were transcribed, translated, and coded for topic choices using qualitative content analysis in collaborative discussions by the four authors, who included an English-speaking author from the USA (C.E.W.), and three authors, who are native speakers of the three East Asian languages, Mandarin (K.-M.C.), Cantonese (A.M.-Y.W.), and Korean (J.P.L.). Results on topics in stories from East Asian and Western English-speaking cultures are described in relation to literature on anthropology. English-speaking children and East Asian children in this study talked about similar topics in their personal narratives, but the frequency of these topics within their stories varied. Possible explanations for differences in story topics are discussed within a framework on cultural dimensions. Evaluation of the topics of children's personal narratives provides insight into what is important to the children and the way they view their worlds. This information may inform clinical approaches to assessment and intervention with children with communication impairments, encouraging clinicians to go beyond analysis of language structure to consider multiple factors that influence communicative competence.

ОБУЧЕНИЕ ИНОЯЗЫЧНОМУ НАРРАТИВУ НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ НОВОСТНЫХ СООБЩЕНИЙ НАУЧНО-ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧЕСКОГО ЖАНРА

The purpose of studying a foreign language at a technical university is to provide students with the necessary skills and methods of communication in academic discourse, ensuring the adequacy of social and professional contacts. To achieve this goal, the teaching strategy of this discipline has shifted from traditional translations of texts in the specialty to the primacy of oral speech. Revision of pedagogical priorities has led to the need in updating information and educational resources and implementation of methods aimed at developing students` communicative skills by organizing different types of speech activity. The article discusses the method of creating foreign language narratives of a scientific and journalistic genre by using the latest research news. The author develops a step-by-step algorithm with the particular focus on identifying common and specific elements in the structure of news texts. The article presents a narrative analysis of the field-specific authentic news text that includes structuring the primary source of information into basic elements: those of an abstract, localization, complication, evaluation, and denouement. The preliminary division of the media text into elements allows students to create a framework structure and a basis for reporting back on the actual news stories. The linguodidactic potential held by professionally-oriented news narrative is established. The author believes that construction of narratives can contribute to the development of students` abilities to analyze, synthesize, evaluate and reflect on information. Learning a foreign language through news narratives allows engineering students to improve their creative and communicative skills. Teaching a foreign language using media sources, which highlight scientific and technological breakthroughs, forms educational and cognitive competence of engineering and technical profile students and stimulates their research activities.

An Analysis of Narrative Art in Liu Cixin’s Science Fiction

The Three-Body Trilogy is Liu Cixin’s masterpiece. Since its publication, it has gained widespread attention from both domestic and international literary circles and science fiction enthusiasts, attracting a large number of scholars to study it from various angles. The novel presents a unique narrative art in its narrative language and structural arrangement, and its narrative style demonstrates Liu Cixin’s superb narrative skills. Using the trilogy as a specific study text and applying theories related to narratology, this article analyses the narrative art of the novel from two aspects, language and mode, and discusses the unprecedented aesthetic experience it brings to readers.

Critical Analysis of Zoomorphism Narrative Language Technique: Little Bird Motha's attributes in the Characters of Moth Smoke by Mohsin Hamid

Zoomorphism is the literary Greek language term used for animal characteristics in people, divine creatures, and lifeless things that are not animals but act like animals. This research paper deeply analyzes the text of "Moth Smoke" which is written by Mohsin Hamid. The present research aims to explore how Zoomorphistic interpretations are created in literary content. The study uncovered the secret nature which is hidden in the habits, manners, and attitudes of the characters which whom they work in the story. The complete text of Mohsin Hamid's novel, "Moth Smoke" (MS), is the primary data analysis source. The researchers investigated the flying little bird Moth's attributes which exist in the various characters of the novel as applied to "humanized" animals. The present study presumes that the zoomorphism strategy can work as an analytical tool in the linguistics analysis of literary text which also can work as a useful systematic analytical tool for the consideration of a scholarly text of the novel's characters in Moth Smoke with the instinct of Moth.

An Analysis of Narrative Language used in Film and Television Commentary Videos: Evidence from Bilibili.com

With the advent of the new media era, audiences are no longer satisfied with watching film and television works but with output and sharing their views through We-media platforms. At the same time, the fragmented communication mode brought by the new media era makes the audience demand to obtain the substantive content of the film in a short time. Thus, film and television commentary videos came into being. This paper chooses the most representative video we media platform - Bilibili. From the perspective of narrative language, this paper analyzes the picture, sound, and text language of video commentary. Through the extensive use of case analysis and literature analysis, this paper concludes that, in terms of picture language, video commentary vloggers will re-edit the original film of film and television works according to their understanding and the narrative logic of the video so that the original movie will play an auxiliary role in the narrative. In addition, some bloggers elevate narrative tension by inserting material other than the original film. Regarding text language, film and television commentary videos have labeled role definition, highly summarized plot, and subjective theme summary.