Historical Narrative Research Articles

THE EMERGENCE OF WOMEN AS HISTORICAL SUBJECTS: DECONSTRUCTING THE HISTORY OF SPAIN FROM TEXTBOOKS

The work we present is not an analysis of the presence of women in textbooks, a very fruitful historiographical line from which magnificent works have been published in recent years. The methodology is logical-argumentative and qualitative, where the written and visual contents of the textbooks are the pretext to rethink/deconstruct History in the light of the gender perspective. We start from an evolutionary analysis of the presence of women in the current manuals of History of the second year of Baccalaureate, for the period from 1931 to 1975, to understand the keys to the inclusion/exclusion of the female collective in the historical narrative and to propose how the conception of citizenship present in the LOMLOE can become a challenge and an opportunity to rethink and, Consequently, to rewrite a subject that continues to be largely articulated from androcentrism, patriarchy and classism, although its main mission is to develop the critical thinking of students and prepare them to think historically and act socially. We present, for this, a conceptual proposal that necessarily starts from an epistemological deconstruction of history as a science. For this, we have taken as a reference a representation of the research published in recent years that make visible the significance of women in the historical story, with the aim of outlining the thematic lines that allow us to move towards history free of androcentric and patriarchal biases, where women are integrated and made visible as historical subjects.

Book Review: Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750

The book examines Ottoman Sunnism’s evolution, orthodoxy, and spatial dimensions. Divided into three chapters, it critically engages with historical narratives, doctrinal debates, and socio-political dynamics shaping Ottoman Sunnism. Chapter I reevaluates Sunnī orthodoxy by tracing its historical dialogue with the past and the present. It examines the emergence of a new hadith culture in the sixteenth century, challenges conventional views through Shāhzādah Qorqud’s writings, explores the influence of Ibn Taymiyyah on Ottoman thought, redefines knowledge boundaries in Ottoman catechisms, and scrutinizes perceptions of heresy in Ottoman society. Moreover, Chapter II focuses on the spatial dimensions of Sunnitization, exploring how pious communities were constructed within urban institutions and convents. It investigates the transformation of spaces like the ʿimārah into mosques, the integration of Abdāl-affiliated convents into Khalwatī darwīsh networks, and the role of imāms in congregational prayers during the Ottoman Sunnitization era. Chapter III delves into the contextual and genre-specific nature of confessional politics, shedding light on the complexities of Sunnī-Shiʿī’ relations and Ottoman-Safavid diplomacy. It reexamines the portrayal of Qizilbash actors in Ottoman borderlands, evaluates Ottoman historical writing through the lens of Islamic history, and explores Islamic discourse in Ottoman-Safavid diplomatic exchanges.

Challenges and paradoxes in mental health care for transgender people in Brazil: a review of historical contexts and narratives

Individualized interviews with transgender people reveal diverse experiences, offering unique data for mental health care providers. These narratives challenge psychopathological categories and highlight the need for deeper investigation. The study aims to address these experiences comprehensively, understand the importance of each transgender narrative, and counteract biased approaches. Understanding the historical context of transgender assistance in Brazil is crucial. This context reveals a paradox: the need for individualized listening versus the standardization of transgender individuals under "conditions related to sexual health" in ICD-11. Brazil leads in transgender murders. Violence against this population stems from prejudices, ignorance, and pathologization, as historical evidence shows. We consider it essential to investigate these causes further and contribute by listening to this population, revealing the diversity in their experiences. A literature review of articles from 2011 to 2021 in Brazil identified 29 publications on transgender issues and psychology. This qualitative research used refined scales to address diverse transgender experiences, reducing result generalization. The historicization of the problems faced by transgender people in Brazil and the verification of the particularities revealed in the narrative of each participant are necessary counterpoints to the segregation and critical situation of this population in the country. By synthesizing individualized narratives, historical context, and literature, this study contributes to improving mental health care and social support for transgender individuals, emphasizing the importance of individualized listening and culturally sensitive approaches to reduce stigmatization and promote depathologization.

A Case Study of Integrating Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Heritage Bridge Documentation: The Edmund Pettus Bridge

The Edmund Pettus Bridge, Selma, Alabama, a symbol of the American Civil Rights Movement and an exemplar of early 20th-century engineering, stands as a testament to the progress and challenges of its era. The bridge, recognized for its pivotal role in the 1965 “Bloody Sunday” conflict and the following Selma to Montgomery marches for voting rights, also represents significant engineering achievements with its distinctive design and construction methodology. In this study, the research team presents a comprehensive framework for documenting heritage bridges by utilizing Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology, supplemented by other Reality Capture (RC) techniques, including Structure from Motion (SfM), 360-degree photography, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and integrating the data within a Building Information Modeling (BIM) environment. The focus on the Edmund Pettus Bridge case study demonstrates how this novel approach can capture the intricate details of its structural and architectural features while preserving its historical narratives. The documentation outcomes, including a detailed BIM model and a set of Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) drawings, highlight the effectiveness of combining TLS and BIM in conserving unconventional heritage structures like bridges. This paper also discusses the technological challenges encountered, such as dealing with heavy traffic and environmental constraints during data acquisition and developing the BIM model and drawings. It outlines the strategies implemented to address these issues. This research contributes to preserving a severely under-represented American National Historic Landmark (NHL). It sets a precedent for documenting other non-building heritage structures, balancing technological advancements with historical integrity.

The Good Shepherd. On Endre Bálint’s late photomontages

In this paper I analyse the photomontages of Endre Bálint (1914–1986) in the context of the cultural politics of the Iron Curtain period in Eastern Europe and Hungary. First, the study takes a diachronic, historical approach to photomontage as a creative method that maintained continuity between the avant-garde generations of artists, a way of thinking and a creative process accordingly, cultivated in the circles of persecuted, banned or silenced artists experimenting during the decades from the 1920s to 1970s. Second, by placing Endre Bálint’s late photomontages (made after his 1963 return from his “exodus” to Paris) in the context of contemporary artistic phenomena (e.g. Brecht’s photobook, Jean-Luc Godard’s work, David Hockney’s montages or bricoleur punk artists), I argue that, in contrast to the generally held view, they are not the withering signs of renunciation, but rather a way out of renunciation, that is, a solution. “We breathe in fragments,” Bálint wrote, and the pictorial form to fittingly reflect a fragmented way of existence (together with the psychological burdens, shadows of the past, and the social and cultural-political determinations) was the montage-technique that had flourished from the 1920s, and whose Eastern European, distinctively Hungarian variant found its guardian, its good shepherd in Bálint, in his creative practice. Bálint’s late photomontages also deserve attention from the point of view of a silent narrative of art history, which does not focus on middle-aged artists’ major works, but on the profuse production by the old masters, the masters of sprezzatura, which is characterised by an aesthetic lightness, a kind of aesthetic liberation and swiftness, and the ability to allow memories a free influx into the creative work. One of the conclusions of this study is that Hungarian photomontage, and especially the late work of Endre Bálint, can be instructively read in conjunction with the equally restrained psychoanalytic literature of the period, in which the splitting of Self as a traumatic consequence of shocking events and also a means to survive those events is a key concept. A critically productive artistic construction that is based on fragments can be seen and read as the visual counterpart of a psychological notion of Self-splitting.

É Astrologia MA non É Astrologo: John Aubrey's Brief Lives and Astrology

This article explores John Aubrey's (1627–1697) extensive use of astrology in his biographical collection Brief Lives (1680–1681), which has been widely celebrated for its vivid portrayal of seventeenth-century English culture and society. Aubrey's life writing was not only informed by his antiquarian pursuits, the vibrant coffee house culture of his time and his lively scientific community, but also by the practice of astrology. Through Aubrey's horoscope collection, Collectio geniturarum (1674–1690), and his correspondence with a wide astrological network, this article traces his deep engagement with the practice. In squarely focusing on these two sources, I argue that Aubrey greatly relied on astrological methods to inform his life writing. In making his collection of horoscopes, Aubrey drew on a long tradition of astrological data gathering. Aubrey's careful collation and calculation of data to verify birth times, identify major life events and determine ‘ingenious’ traits also contributed to a wider effort to reform astrology considering the nascent experimental philosophy. By examining Aubrey's multifaceted astrological writings, this article clarifies one of Aubrey's key techniques used in his early sketches of Brief Lives . More broadly, it further complicates the historical narrative that astrology was largely marginalized in late seventeenth-century English intellectual and scientific communities.

Городская идентичность и историческая память: сравнительное исследование прикладных кейсов малых городов Ленинградской области

The article delves into material gathered as part of applied research for urban planning. The sample includes 7 small towns in the Leningrad region: border towns (Ivangorod and Svetogorsk), a satellite town of St. Petersburg (Kommunar of Gatchina district), and towns of Ladoga Lake and the river Svir’ (Novaya Ladoga, Volkhov, Syasstroy, and Podporozhye). Through necessarily brief fieldwork and specialized open-ended questions in questionnaires aimed at filling gaps in field data short due to lockdown 2020, the following aspects were identified: themes of local history present in the current discourse of residents, personalities known to the townsfolk, semantic clusters of local identity for internal use and for external representation, mental map of local objects important for representation of the town. The meta-analysis uncovered that for the examined towns, the preservation of specific historical narratives is tied to two main factors — the incorporation of these narratives into the core of urban identity and their manifestation in the physical environment (in objects and toponyms). Historical memory correlates with the length of time families have lived in the city: the later the last mass influx of new residents occurred, the less widespread and varied historical narratives are. The preservation of historical memory demonstrates an inverse correlation with the demographic prosperity of the city: population growth, in the cases examined, is only observable in satellite towns and only due to migration, which further “washes out” local narratives. The most common and important of the latest for the residents of these towns were stories about the Second World War; tales of the industrial glory of the early Soviet Union; lamentations over the “lost paradise” of the Soviet era and the “ruin” that followed it; residents’ reflection on the urban status of their settlement.

Memória e Monumento. O local histórico da Batalha de Boyacá

Introduction: The Boyacá ́s field is the place where the freedom of the Nation was forged and constitutes the fundamental scenario for the construction of collectivememory, through a monumental sculptural ensemble as a cultural representation. Objective: to understand how the historical narratives that build the identity of thenation are consolidated through the monument. Reflection: It raises a discussion about the symbolic aspects that have allowed the prevalence of this historical ensemble over time, perpetuating these narratives as cultural representations; It is based on thehistorical perspective and its cultural significance through stages associated with the construction of monuments and how these make visible the construction of values associated with the enthronement of the hero. Conclusion: arises as the construction of an official celebratory system is built through archetypes of memory represented inthe monuments that respond to the official history that recognizes the importance of the Historic Site of the Battle of Boyacá as a place of national memory.

From chisels to lasers: a narrative of history of dentistry in the Indo-Pak Subcontinent

<p>The research highlights the rich heritage of dentistry in the Indian subcontinent and the diverse influences that have shaped its evolution. The roots of dentistry can be traced back to the inhabitants of the Indo-Pak subcontinent at Mehrgarh where the earliest evidence of dental practices was found. By analyzing the methods of the primitive “tooth-pullers” to those of modern-day specialists, this study delves deep into the influence of Ayurveda, Unani medicine, colonialism, and global exchanges on the field of dentistry.The study begins with the analysis of Ayurvedic records which document early dental procedures and the use of herbal remedies for oral diseases followed by the exploration of colonialism and the effect of Western medicine on shaping oral health practices. The dual system of healthcare prevailed due to the incorporation of traditional and modern medicine. Furthermore, the key milestones are discussed. Alongside the developments, the study also discusses the challenges faced in achieving those developments and the initiatives launched that aimed at improving the quality of care provided. Patterns that led to the development of dentistry can be recognized which will help in further improvement.In conclusion, the transition of dentistry from primitive practices to modern procedures is mainly due to the interaction between tradition and modernization. The findings of the paper underscore the need for improvement in research standards and a greater focus on public health by adopting both, traditional and modern-day medicine.</p>

Complexities and Dynamics of the Popular Movement of 1990 in Nepal

After decades of autocratic control, Nepal's political landscape saw a dramatic change in 1990 when the democratic revolution brought multiparty democracy back. This article examines the tactics, difficulties, and final success of political parties in launching and maintaining the movement. Utilizing historical narratives, primary materials, and academic examinations, it offers perspectives on how political parties evolved into catalysts for transformation, galvanized the populace, and engaged in negotiations with the king to usher in a novel phase of democracy in Nepal. The complex dynamics influenced by many social, political, and economic elements led to the movement's success. In the face of authoritarianism and popular discontent, the study explores the intricacies of the movement and sheds insight on the interlocking dynamics that drove Nepal toward democratic reform

Меняющиеся нарративы в школьных учебниках по истории: сравнительный анализ содержания (на примере темы «СССР и мировое сообщество в 1929-1939 гг.»)

The article reveals the modifications in the content of History textbooks. Various textbooks are studied: modern books and books published in earlier periods, which contains the events of the 1920s and 1930s, including the Great Depression, the interaction between the USSR and the West, the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, etc. The thorough analysis of the influence of an integrated approach to the representation of events in modern textbooks on the formation of historical consciousness of students is conducted. The article explores how changing approaches to historical narrative can affect the educational process and public’s perception of historical events.

AI-Enhanced Digital Learning: Revolutionizing Middle East History Education

This abstract highlights the transformative impact of AI-enhanced digital learning on Middle East history education. By integrating artificial intelligence technologies into educational platforms, personalized learning experiences are offered, catering to diverse student needs and preferences. Through dynamic content delivery, interactive activities, and real-time feedback, learners engage more deeply with complex historical narratives, fostering critical thinking skills and a nuanced understanding of the region’s cultural, political, and social dynamics. This innovative approach not only enhances accessibility to historical knowledge but also revolutionizes traditional pedagogical methods, ushering in a new era of engaging and effective history education in the Middle East.

Historical Narratives and Spatial Strategies of Reappropriation in Three Romanian Orthodox Monasteries

Contrary to the abundance of shared religious places throughout south-eastern Europe, multi-religious interaction is not a regular feature in Romania. Pilgrimages and visits to the popular Orthodox monasteries of Prislop and Nicula in Transylvania and Dervent in Dobruja are an exception to this trend. Unsurprisingly, these two regions are historically characterized by a remarkable ethnic and religious diversity. The two Transylvanian monasteries attract practitioners of different Christian denominations (Orthodox, Greek-Catholic, Roman-Catholic and Evangelical), while Dervent is a devotional site for Christians and Muslims (Tatars, Turks and Roma) alike. Common to all three monasteries is the presence of allegedly miracle-working objects, artefacts and bodies: a stone cross at Dervent, the Virgin Mary icon at Nicula, and the tomb of the charismatic monk Arsenie Boca at Prislop, respectively. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the three monasteries during both important feasts and everyday monastic life, this article is a multidisciplinary exploration of the workings of inter-religious competition, sharing and interaction. It combines the methods typical of ethnographic research with observations on how the religious space is navigated and socialized through the support of cartography and archival satellite images. The article casts light on how the historical narratives and spatial strategies enacted by the Romanian Orthodox Church overlap in the attempt to reclaim legitimate ownership and exclusive primacy over three popular devotional sites with a composite ethnic and religious past.

Exploring the Social Role of Contemporary Women from the Perspective of the Lack of Historical Female Characters

Historically, women have been underrepresented in literature, the arts, and historical records, and their achievements and roles have often been marginalized or ignored. This phenomenon has led to an intriguing paradox: despite the fact that contemporary women have demonstrated strong abilities and potential in various fields, they are still usually considered to be in a disadvantaged position compared to men. This paper aims to explore the complex reasons behind the paradox of womens underrepresentation in history. To this end, it will review the lack of womens image in history, analyze the impact of social, cultural, and institutional factors on this lack of representation, and explore the gender issues that exist in contemporary society. The paper discusses in detail women's achievements in contemporary society, the embodiment of womens power, and the struggle for womens rights, demonstrating the strong capabilities and potential of contemporary women in many fields. The study concludes that the marginalization of women in historical narratives is a result of social structures, cultural norms, and institutional biases. Despite these challenges, contemporary women have made significant strides in various fields, suggesting that gender should not be a determining factor in assessing competence or potential. This paper argues for a greater awareness of gender equality and calls for a fairer and more inclusive reconstruction of historical narratives to ensure that the contributions of all genders are fairly recognized.

Forgotten Truth

The Haitian Revolution stands as an important event in the history of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade due to it being the first successful slave revolt resulting in complete independence from the former slave society. This paper, follows the cultural history of the Haitian Revolution by analyzing political femininity present within Saint-Domingue/Haiti pre, mid, and post-revolution in order to bring forward female Haitian political actors. By examining how gender influenced the Haitian Revolution, a broader historical narrative is formed, one that accounts for intersectional perspectives and understandings to better conceptualize the whole history of the Haitian Revolution. This paper seeks to preserve the often-forgotten female legacies by analyzing primary sources written directly on the Haitian revolution and secondary sources written by historians specializing in either Trans-Atlantic or gendered histories.

Adapting European heritage: Bernardine Evaristo’s Soul Tourists (2005) and Omar Victor Diop’s Project Diaspora (2014)

ABSTRACT This article considers how the novel Soul Tourists (2005) by the British writer Bernardine Evaristo and the series Project Diaspora: a Journey through Time (2014) by the Senegalese photographer Omar Victor Diop critically intervene in and contribute to ongoing conversations about how ‘Europe’ is conceptualized. By adapting historical narratives and by playing with genre conventions, Evaristo and Diop shed light on historical perspectives and interpretations of Europe that have remained obscured. Most important with regard to the European public sphere, Soul Tourists and Project Diaspora adapt the category of ‘European heritage’. Artistically re-narrating the stories of Black people in Europe, Evaristo and Diop establish geographical and historical dialogues between Europe, Africa and the African Diaspora that re-write European heritage and that deconstruct the prevailing narrative of Europe as White. While their works could be said to ‘Africanize’ the categories of ‘European heritage’ and ‘Europe’, ‘Afro(euro)pean heritage’ and ‘Afroeurope’ are not the end-goal. Rather, by adapting categories that many Europeans continue to conceive as universals, Evaristo and Diop reveal received understandings of these categories as racialized particulars.

The Malaysian Social Contract: A Historical Perspective

This paper delves into the concept of social contract, a framework rooted in the diverse theories pioneered by Western philosophers, to expound on the unique facets of the Malaysian social contract. This concept elucidates different forms of agreement between the people and the ruler in establishing an organised society. Unique and central to Malaysia, this contract involves traditional elements integral to the Malay establishment, encompassing Islam, the Malay language, the special position of the natives and the institution of Malay rulers in addition to citizenship rights for qualified individuals. To comprehend the distinctiveness of the Malaysian social contract, it is imperative to explore its historical context, tracing back the compromise forged among the inter-ethnic groups towards the independence of the Federation of Malaya. This historical narrative reveals that the post-World War II is Malaysia’s state of nature. However, the Malaysian social contract extends beyond understanding and consensus of inter-ethnic groups namely the Malays and the non-Malays. It also incorporates the agreement between the populace as a whole and the sovereign Malay rulers. Enshrined in the Federal Constitution, traditional elements and balancing provisions ensure compliance with the mutually agreed-upon social contract for both the Malays and the non-Malays.

Uncovering the Past: DNA Analysis of Skeletal Remains from the Medieval Bosnian City of Bobovac

Numerous archaeological sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina represent a historical heritage and testify to the rich cultural, social, and political life of medieval Bosnia. Bobovac, the capital of the Bosnian Kingdom after King Tvrtko I's coronation in 1377, featured a royal complex with a palace, church, and fortification. Recent molecular-genetic research on skeletal remains from Bobovac aims to uncover medieval ancestors' customs and genetic origins. Fifteen well-preserved teeth samples from Bobovac were processed. STR amplification employed PowerPlex® Fusion and Investigator® 24plex QS Kits, with Y-STR profiles generated using the PowerPlex® Y23 System. Fourteen partial autosomal STR profiles were obtained, enabling sex determination and kinship analysis. STR amplification success varied due to ancient DNA degradation, with larger loci showing lower amplification rates. Kinship analysis confirmed appropriate marker selection, demonstrating high reliability for determining close relationships. Integrating aDNA analysis with archaeological research enhances our understanding of historical populations, connecting archaeology and forensic genetics to contribute to the broader narrative of human history.

Научные школы на рубеже XX–XXI вв.: разработка истории предпринимательства дореволюционной Сибири

The exploration of scientific schools focusing on the history of entrepreneurship in pre-revolutionary Siberia stands as a crucial endeavor at the intersection of historical research and economic studies. This article delves into the conceptual frameworks and methodological approaches employed by researchers to illuminate the multifaceted dynamics of entrepreneurial activities in Siberia during the late XX and early XXI centuries. Drawing on principles of holism, integrity, historicism, and a value-based approach, scientists have embarked on a comprehensive examination of the historical trajectory of entrepreneurship in Siberia. By integrating insights from various disciplines, including history, economics, and sociology, researchers aim to provide a nuanced understanding of the socio-economic landscape of the region. Utilizing a diverse array of methodological tools, such as comparative-historical analysis, concrete examination, retrospective study, and historical-typological analysis, scientists have endeavored to unravel the complexities of entrepreneurial endeavors in Siberia. Through meticulous archival research and interdisciplinary engagement, researchers have shed light on the activities of merchants across different industries and their impact on the socio-cultural fabric of the region. This article underscores the significance of studying scientific communities dedicated to the history of entrepreneurship in Siberia. By acknowledging the contributions of researchers and elucidating their role in shaping historical narratives, this research aims to highlight the richness and diversity of scientific endeavors in Russian historiography. In conclusion, the study of scientific schools focusing on the history of entrepreneurship in pre-revolutionary Siberia represents a vital aspect of historical scholarship. By embracing interdisciplinary perspectives and methodological pluralism, researchers continue to uncover new insights into the economic, social, and cultural dimensions of entrepreneurial activities in Siberia, thereby enriching our understanding of this pivotal period in Russian history.

Microhistory, Archaeological Record, and the Subaltern Debris

Abstract This article explores the challenges of translating the empirical data recorded in the microhistorical events documented in most archaeological sites into narratives that provide a deeper understanding of long-term historical processes. It specifically focuses on the importance of studying the history of subaltern communities through this microhistorical scale. Drawing on the concept of “subaltern debris,” the article proposes a new approach to analyzing archaeological deposits generated by the everyday life of subaltern communities. It argues that these deposits can offer valuable insights into the living conditions and agency of subaltern communities. The article presents two case studies from the late antique period in the Iberian Peninsula to illustrate the potential of this approach. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of recognizing the material agency of subaltern communities in reshaping historical narratives.