Narrative Of Events Research Articles

The role of gestures in autobiographical memory.

Speakers employ co-speech gestures when thinking and speaking; however, gesture's role in autobiographical episodic representations is not known. Based on the gesture-for-conceptualization framework, we propose that gestures, particularly representational ones, support episodic event representations by activating existing episodic elements and causing new ones to be formed in the autobiographical recollections. These gestures may also undertake information-chunking roles to allow for further processing during remembering, such as a sense of recollective experience. Participants (N = 41) verbally narrated three events (a past autobiographical, a future autobiographical, and a non-autobiographical event) and then rated their phenomenological characteristics. We found that, even though gesture use was not different across the three event conditions, representational gestures were positively associated with the episodic event details as well as their recollective quality within the past autobiographical event narratives. These associations were not observed in future event narrations. These findings suggest that gestures are potentially instrumental in the retrieval of details in autobiographical memories.

Multiple and Transitive Meanings in Simple Verbs

This article considers the presentation of compound verbs used in plural or transitive meanings in the language of mini epics, and the structure of simple verbs in comparison with verbal phraseological and combinations in plural or transitive meanings. Research objectives: analysis of simple verbs in the language of the epic, close or similar both in meaning and in sound construction, in works and used as active language units in the artistic description and narration of events, scenes, actions and thoughts of characters. Research materials and methods: a scientific analysis of simple verbs, which are used in plural and transitive meanings and acting as active language units in the narrative, was carried out. Research results: it was studied that some primitive verbs were used in different ways in independent semantic differences or in repetitive situations. Conclusions: verbs with a simple structure are often used in the language of epic works in transitional meanings and serve as active language units in the artistic description and narration of events, scenes, actions of characters, thoughts.

Neural unscrambling of temporal information during a nonlinear narrative.

Although we must experience our lives chronologically, storytellers often manipulate the order in which they relay events. How the brain processes temporal information while encoding a nonlinear narrative remains unclear. Here, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging during movie watching to investigate which brain regions are sensitive to information about time in a narrative and test whether the representation of temporal context across a narrative is more influenced by the order in which events are presented or their underlying chronological sequence. Results indicate that medial parietal regions are sensitive to cued jumps through time over and above other changes in context (i.e., location). Moreover, when processing non-chronological narrative information, the precuneus and posterior cingulate engage in on-the-fly temporal unscrambling to represent information chronologically. Specifically, days that are closer together in chronological time are represented more similarly regardless of when they are presented in the movie, and this representation is consistent across participants. Additional analyses reveal a strong spatial signature associated with higher magnitude jumps through time. These findings are consistent with prior theorizing on medial parietal regions as central to maintaining and updating narrative situation models, and suggest the priority of chronological information when encoding narrative events.

Recalling self-disruptive events and maintaining self-continuity in adulthood.

Older adults exhibit a stronger sense of self-continuity than the young. How do they accomplish that? The present study examines that issue using a life story lens. We investigated (a) whether older adults differ from the young when narrating self-disruptive (i.e., compared to nondisruptive) personal life events in the extent to which they focus on stability, change, and event-event connections and (b) if these ways of narrating self-disruptive events mediate relations between a person's age and sense of self-continuity. Participants (N = 185; 53% women) completed a sense of self-continuity measure and orally shared two nondisruptive and two self-disruptive life events. Event narratives were transcribed, and best practices were used for reliable content analysis. Mixed analysis of variances showed that, regardless of age, individuals narrated greater stability when recalling self-disruptive than nondisruptive life events. Older adults described less change and made more event-event connections than younger adults when recalling self-disruptive events. In mediation analyses, older adults' stronger sense of self-continuity (i.e., compared to younger adults) was partially explained by their narrating more event-event connections in recalling self-disruptive life events. Narrating more stability was not a mediator but was directly related to having a greater sense of self-continuity, regardless of age. Post hoc analyses indicated that greater narration of change was related to a lower sense of self-continuity for older, not younger, adults. We draw on lifespan and life story theories to suggest that older adults' narratives may situate self-disruptive events in larger biographical context, fostering a greater experience of self-continuity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Chosen Peoples: Christianity and Political Imagination in South Sudan

Chosen Peoples: Christianity and Political Imagination in South Sudan

Empathic Accuracy Task: Indian Adaptation and Validation.

The Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT) is an objective measure to assess empathic accuracy. Due to the variability in the number and linked emotions of the narrated events, we adapted EAT for the Indian sociocultural setting as Indian EAT (I-EAT). Eight videos were adapted in three languages (English, Hindi, and Kannada), narrating emotional events with a uniform representation of age groups, different emotions, and sex. The adapted I-EAT was then validated by cross-sectional comparison with different tests similar to EAT and those that assessed concepts different from or similar to empathy, in 29 healthy young adults, 23 healthy older adults (aged ≥60 years) along with clinical groups of 15 young people with depression, 15 older people with depression, and 15 young people with schizophrenia. We selected eight videos with good content validity and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.73. We obtained satisfactory concurrent validity of the EAT scores with the self-reported empathic assessments using the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (Cognitive empathy score = 0.29, p = .034; Total score = 0.29, p = .035) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Empathic concern score = 0.45, p = .001). Good divergent validity was revealed in the high inverse correlation recorded with the Apathy Evaluation Scale ( = -0.67, p < .001). I-EAT did not correlate significantly with measures of social cognition. Known-groups validity was adequate in young adults with the significantly lower EAT scores (Cohen's d: 0.77 to 1.15) in the Schizophrenia group and higher EAT-N scores (Cohen's d: 0.51) in the Depression group, compared to the Healthy group. The Healthy group of the geriatric population also achieved significantly higher EAT scores (Cohen's d: 0.71 to 0.85) than the Depression group. With a good validity and internal consistency, I-EAT can be used in the Indian population to assess empathic accuracy without compromising performance of the original EAT.

Narrating the everyday: iterative narration in Gertrude Stein's Three Lives and Julie Otsuka's The Buddha in the Attic

ABSTRACT In this article, I explore Gertrude Stein's unconventional use of “iterative” narration, Gérard Genette's term for passages that narrate habitual or recurring action, as a way to represent the repetitious life patterns of the working-class women in Three Lives (1909). While less frequently discussed than Stein's syntactical repetitions, I argue that Stein's use of the iterative is an essential aspect of her revolutionary modernist aesthetics; whereas Genette writes that iterative passages are typically “functionally subordinate” to individually narrated events, Three Lives foregrounds the iterative and thus insists on the importance of the seemingly trivial day-to-day experiences that make up Stein's characters’ lives. Following my examination of iterative narration within Three Lives, I turn to Julie Otsuka's The Buddha in the Attic (2011), positing that Otsuka's contemporary novel embodies the spirit of Stein's modernism through its own harnessing of iterative narration as a distinctly feminist literary form.

Supernatural Narratives Entwined with The Subjugated Class- Mahasweta Devi and Charles Dickens

Supernatural events in narratives have been a part of literature since Shakespeare. There’s a new aspect added to it by the concept of ideology which is now getting interweaved with the subjugated class. People affected by supernatural events are taken for granted in society. In fact, they are marginalized to an extent where no one can help them. Their fate is unpredictable. The research paper takes two short stories completely different in their origin- Bayen by Mahasweta Devi and The Signal-Man by Charles Dickens. Mahasweta Devi’s Bayen illustrates life’s difficulty for those living on society’s margins. They are looked down upon and stripped of the basic tenets of humanity. Dickens molds his narrative where the supernatural elements find their place. Stripped of his name, the signalman is thrown much beneath his level of education. Focussing on the protagonists, the paper would aim to find solutions to free these characters of their plight.

The structure of Asconius Pedianus’ Argumentum Orationis pro Milone

This article analyses the inner structure of the argumentum orationis pro Milone in order to evaluate how Asconius arranges his narration of events. The analysis focuses on how the various sections unwind, on the use of connectives and temporal indicators, as well as on the use of tenses, and argues that the argumentum proceeds according to the chronological succession of events in its general outlines, within which minor events are inserted by association of ideas regardless of the chronological order. A most striking example is provided by the episodes narrated at 36. 18-38. 13, which form a long digression on the topic of metus Milonis and, subsequently, of constantia Ciceronis.

‘Não fala o nome dele, senão ele vai aparecer aqui’: interseccionalidade e performance em narrativas de crianças pequenas

ABSTRACT This paper is based on a narrative event that took place among 5 and 6-year-old children at a Brasília/Brazil public kindergarten, in which characters such a s God and Zé Peli nda (among others) were evoked, to promote a debate about how young children use social markers of difference. Religious, ethnic-racial and gender issues arise from their narrative performances in intersectional distinctions, which enable us to understand how these markers, and the politics of fear that often impose them , operate in children’s social liv es from a very early age.

Performing Stance Classification and Bot Detection on the Indian Farmers’ Protest – A Study to Unveil Hidden Perspectives.

The presence of illegal, harmful content, rumors, misinformation, and Twitter bots has consistently brought the social media platforms such as Twitter into the spotlight. Therefore, it is advisable to exercise caution when analyzing tweets. To establish the credibility of any patterns and findings derived from tweets, it is essential to thoroughly investigate the source and authenticity of the tweets in question. This paper advances in this direction by introducing a novel approach involving bot detection and a comparative analysis of human and botgenerated tweets related to the farmers’ protest. A framework for knowledge differentiation is deployed to accomplish this goal. The framework unearths the global perspectives of people about Indian farmers’ protests, in the form of stances, the results of which serve as nuggets of knowledge derived at the lower level of abstraction. Unexpected results of stance detection motivated the study of bot detection in each tweet of each stance. Knowledge discovered by bot detection and characterization studies was thus built over stance detection and yielded higher-order knowledge nuggets, which identified the widespread presence of bots in tweets both for and against the protest, thus establishing the misuse of social media platforms like Twitter to influence and control the narrative of the social events that significantly impact people’s lives. Characterization of issues being tweeted by humans vs. bots in favor of and against farmers’ protests was accomplished by conducting a comparative analysis of Ngrams in each category. Vocabulary analysis established that texts tweeted by bots mimicked the vocabulary pattern of the tweets by human users. Research inferences such as these can be invaluable for policy makers, enabling them to gain a macro-level understanding of the situations on the ground level and leverage such information for making policy decisions, in order to be prepared to handle similar situations in the future.

КАК ИСТОРИЯ СТАНОВИТСЯ ФОЛЬКЛОРОМ: МЕХАНИЗМЫ ФОЛЬКЛОРИЗАЦИИ ИСТОРИЙ О ВОЙНЕ И ХОЛОКОСТЕ

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries folklorists used to believe that folklore can be a historical source. But soon this belief was refuted, and any attempts to correlate folklore and reality began to look unscientific and even ridiculous for many years. Folklore texts began to be spoken of as stable structures in which the narrative pattern dominates the details. However, the corpus of folklore texts about recent historical events, such as the Great Patriotic War and the Holocaust, is still being formed in our time. Based on interviews dedicated to the memory of the occupation and collected during expeditions to Rostov-on-Don, the Bryansk region and the North Caucasus, we described two mechanisms by which the narrative of real events turns into quasi-historical folklore narratives. The first folklorization mechanism is adding specific details to evoke strong emotions in the listener and force him to pass the text on. The second mechanism that distinguishes the evidence from the quasi-historical folklore narrative is the “moral” message contained in the text. In such stories, the perpetrators always are punished, and the people who have acted right are rewarded.

The Restless Republic: Britain without a Crown

Britain's “restless republic” survived for only eleven turbulent years, from 1649 to 1660. Britain today is a somewhat restless monarchy, troubled from within by two turbulent and disgruntled royal princes, Andrew and Harry, and from without by considerable public unease. If the two princes had been firstborns rather than younger brothers, and in the direct line of succession, the long-term future of the monarchy would look very uncertain. Charles I, stubborn and inept, was a younger brother too. Had his very popular older brother Henry, Prince of Wales, not died at the age of eighteen, from typhoid fever caught by swimming in the river Thames (very unwise then as now), the English Revolution might well never have happened. A generation later, Charles II came close to facing a second revolution, so we monitor the reign of Charles III with interest and some trepidation.Keay gives us the dramatic history of the republic through the eyes and lives of a dozen or so very diverse individuals and families. They include several major players, such as John Bradshaw, the judge who sentenced the king to death; Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector; and George Monck, architect of the Restoration. The cast of characters also includes a brilliant, time-serving journalist, a Norfolk country squire, a formidable French-born countess, an ambitious inventor, a lowborn visionary and prophetess, and Gerrard Winstanley, leader of the tiny Digger movement. Winstanley established a small and short-lived communist settlement in Surrey in 1649, and his name is still commemorated centuries later in an obelisk standing in Moscow's Red Square, credited as a forerunner of the Bolshevik Revolution. The settlement's site is now, paradoxically, home to a gated community of the megarich. Keay weaves these personal stories into a wider narrative of events across England, Scotland, and Ireland. Remarkably, she gives us a sympathetic and empathetic insight into each of her diverse subjects’ minds and lives. We enter their worlds and see events through their eyes, words, and actions. The composite world that emerges is splintered and full of contradictions, and Keay does not ignore the sometimes darker elements in her subjects’ visions and lives. I have been reading and writing on this period for over fifty years, and this book is probably the most engaging, page-turning account of it that I have encountered. Keay captures brilliantly its people and places, and her judgments are sharp and perceptive. There are lots of good pictures too. This is an ideal introduction for anyone coming new to the subject, or indeed new to history, and with plenty to delight hardened veterans too. Do read it.

From villainess to Eco-icon: the blossoming Poison Ivy

Nowadays, the entertainment industry produces countless works, many exploring well-known stories or characters from different perspectives and through different media. In order to sell, superhero comics must be able to adapt to their audience. Through recurring narrative events, in which characters are rearranged by different authors, different relevant traits are gradually selected, afferent to varying codes of reading reality, which change as the semiotic field of reference changes. Thus, the ways of coding and decoding the same character at the diachronic and synchronic levels are different. This paper aims to analyse the case of Poison Ivy in terms of the differences between encoding and decoding. Created in 1966 as a femme fatale associated with venomous plants, the enemy of Batman, and a deadly poisonous seductress, it turns out that she is perceived differently today. Poison Ivy, alias Pamela Lillian Isley, is seen by today's writers and readers as a bearer of very different values and, above all, as a bearer of strong ecological messages of hope and activism on behalf of Planet Earth. Therefore, the referential reading models and the shifts in the semiotic field that could explain how the character's perception has changed will be studied.

Master narrative methodology: A primer for conducting structural-psychological research.

The emphasis placed on individual-level analysis throughout psychological science in general, and diversity science in particular, has left the role of structural factors undertheorized. Moreover, the field suffers from a lack of research methods that fully investigate structural-individual relations. This article outlines one structural-psychological approach, the master narrative framework, and details various methods for taking social structures into account while still maintaining the focus on the individual. These methods, including event narratives, in-depth interviews, life-script analysis, focus groups, experiments, and conversation analysis, allow for an understanding of both the nature and substance of the structures and how individuals interact with them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

TRADITIONAL REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN INDONESIAN AND ENGLISH FOLKTALES

In Toraja, Indonesia and England folktales bring important impact to the community. In Indonesia, a folktale is used as a medium of entertainment as well as a teaching tool for children. These folktales are told by grandparents, mother, father, or uncles to their children or grandchildren with the aims to educate, tell the histories, and give the information about the origin of the names and places.This study aims to understand how the similarity and differences between the main characters in Torajanese and English folktales. Furthermore, the research also studies how the traditional representation of women in Indonesia and English folktales. This study uses a qualitative method that refers more to narrative. With regard to data, this research, which is an area of literary study, refers to narrative events in a story that contain events that are described by words, phrases, sentences, and involve characters and settings. Based on the results of our research, we argue that many female characters in Eastern Indonesian folktales and English folktales are subject to objectification. The objectification of female figures is carried out in the form of women as objects of sexuality, women as a medium of exchange of power, and women being passive and working in the domestic sphere. This finding shows that the folktale of Eastern Indonesia cannot be separated from patriarchal ideology. These stories show that women in the imagination of the Indonesian people still occupy an inferior position compared to men. Furthermore, the female characters also experience objectification and inequality as in folktales from Western Indonesia.

Script Event Prediction via Multilingual Event Graph Networks

Predicting what happens next in text plays a critical role in building NLP applications. Many methods including count-based and neural-network-based have been proposed to tackle the task called script event prediction: predicting the most suitable subsequent event from a candidate list given a chain of narrative events (context). However, two problems including event ambiguity and evidence bias hinder the performance of these monolingual approaches. The former means that some events in the event chain are ambiguous. The latter means that both the wrong and correct candidate events can obtain sufficient support from the event context. In this article, we propose a novel multilingual approach to address two issues simultaneously. Specifically, to alleviate the event ambiguity problem, we project the monolingual event chains to parallel cross-lingual event chains, which can provide complementary information for monolingual event disambiguation. To deal with the evidence bias problem, we construct two monolingual event graphs and a cross-lingual event aligned graph to fully explore connections between events. What’s more, we design a graph attention mechanism to model the confidence of the complement clues, which controls the information integration from various languages. By modeling the events with graphs instead of pairs or chains, the model can compare the candidate subsequent events simultaneously and choose the more suitable subsequent event as the final answer. Extensive experiments were conducted on the widely used New York Times corpus for script event prediction task and experimental results show that our approach outperforms previous models.

Biography Concepts of Viktor Telychko’s «Karpatske Kaprytchio»

The purpose of the article is to implement music studies analysis of «Karpatske kaprytchio» by Viktor Telychko, to reveal the key biographic dominants of the opus, to confirm the master’s subjective concerns implemented through the prism of creativity ascending the level of defining the region’s chronicle concepts. The research methodology encompasses a range of the following approaches: music studies, hermeneutic, biographic, culture studies, analytical, systemic, and theoretic generalization. The music studies method has been used to grasp the style and genre parameters of the suggested creative pattern. The hermeneutic method has been applied to interpret the senses presupposed by the author of the masterpiece. The biographic method has enabled considering Viktor Fedorovych’s chronicles, while the culture studies method has helped revealing various processes of the locus existence. The analytical method has been used to study the literature referring to the research issue. The systemic method has enabled comprehensive review of the question under consideration; the theoretic generalisation method has been used to summarise the research outcomes. Scientific novelty. For the first time ever in national humanitarian studies, «Karpatske kaprytchio» by Viktor Telychko was researched, and the idea of the artwork featuring the master’s biography and Zakarpattia’s history indirectly, was justified. Conclusions. «Karpatske kaprytchio» is a significant phenomenon of contemporary Ukrainian artistic domain. It reflects psychological characteristics of the regional dwellers (their optimism, humor, expressiveness, religiosity, and admiration of the nature); the paradigm basis of regional composer’s school (interpreting the microcosm images, reflecting the region’s polyethnic individuality, philosophic features, and the chamber nature of the utterance); the specifics of Viktor Telychko’s personal style (the grasp of a considerable range of avant-garde, traditional technologies of composing music, national identity, and autobiographic characteristics). Biographic dominants within the opus are revealed not as a consistent development of the plot or a definite narration of essential events, but as those through the cultural symbols, codes, and semantic prognostications. By decoding them, the recipient obtains information about the genesis, development of the master’s talent, civil position, outlook focuses, and relationships with people. By manifesting the concepts of personal biography, the master demonstrates the fundamental chronical parameters of the locus ontology and transfers the political, social, spiritual vicissitudes, as well as displays its mental and civilisational features.&#x0D; Key words: biography; Viktor Telychko, «Karpatske kaprytchio», Zakarpattia, music art.

Identifying women with postdelivery posttraumatic stress disorder using natural language processing of personal childbirth narratives

BACKGROUNDMaternal mental disorders are considered a leading complication of childbirth and a common contributor to maternal death. In addition to undermining maternal welfare, untreated postpartum psychopathology can result in child emotional and physical neglect and associated significant pediatric health costs. Some women may experience traumatic childbirth and develop posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms after delivery (childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder). Although women are routinely screened for postpartum depression in the United States, there is no recommended protocol to inform the identification of women who are likely to experience childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Advancements in computational methods of free text have shown promise in informing the diagnosis of psychiatric conditions. Although the language in narratives of stressful events has been associated with posttrauma outcomes, whether the narratives of childbirth processed via machine learning can be useful for childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder screening is unknown. OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to examine the use of written narrative accounts of personal childbirth experiences for the identification of women with childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. To this end, we developed a model based on natural language processing and machine learning algorithms to identify childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder via the classification of birth narratives. STUDY DESIGNOverall, 1127 eligible postpartum women who enrolled in a study survey during the COVID-19 pandemic provided short written childbirth narrative accounts in which they were instructed to focus on the most distressing aspects of their childbirth experience. They also completed a posttraumatic stress disorder symptom screen to determine childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. After the exclusion criteria were applied, data from 995 participants were analyzed. A machine learning-based Sentence-Transformers natural language processing model was used to represent narratives as vectors that served as inputs for a neural network machine learning model developed in this study to identify participants with childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. RESULTSThe machine learning model derived from natural language processing of childbirth narratives achieved good performance (area under the curve, 0.75; F1 score, 0.76; sensitivity, 0.8; specificity, 0.70). Moreover, women with childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder generated longer narratives (t test results: t=2.30; p=.02) and used more negative emotional expressions (Wilcoxon test: sadness: p=8.90e-04; W=31,017; anger: p=1.32e-02; W=35,005.50) and death-related words (Wilcoxon test: p=3.48e-05; W=34,538) in describing their childbirth experience than those with no childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. CONCLUSIONThis study provided proof of concept that personal childbirth narrative accounts generated in the early postpartum period and analyzed via advanced computational methods can detect with relatively high accuracy women who are likely to endorse childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder and those at low risk. This suggests that birth narratives could be promising for informing low-cost, noninvasive tools for maternal mental health screening, and more research that used machine learning to predict early signs of maternal psychiatric morbidity is warranted.

Theory in the short story "Sogavanam"

Damage to the environment affects not only humans, but all living beings. People get tensed when something harms their beloved and the same people don’t get tensed when birds and animals are affected. Knowingly or unknowingly, animals and birds play an important role in human living environment. A wise man knowingly destroys nature. S. Tharman's short story “Sogavanam” shows that the birds that nest in trees and stay in tree trunks and roam around happily are greatly affected by the urbanization. He has created a sad forest with his writings and mentioned about the noisy environment due to the increase in traffic and the change in the food styles of the birds. The story travels along with the ecological aspects of conservation and non-pollution of ecological factors. This article examines how ecological principles fit into narrative events and how the future society should maintain ecological factors.