Nardostachys Jatamansi Research Articles

Ameliorating Effects of Nardostachys Jatamansi And Valeric Acid On Alcohol Withdrawal Induced Anxiety In Wistar Albino Rats.

Ameliorating Effects of Nardostachys Jatamansi And Valeric Acid On Alcohol Withdrawal Induced Anxiety In Wistar Albino Rats.

A Brief Review on Neuropharmacological Evaluation of Different Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in The Management of Stress and Depression.

Numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative problems, such as anxiety, cerebrovascular problems, depression, seizures, Parkinson’s disease, and others. are currently dominating the scene as a result of their high-stress lifestyle. Treatment of these issues with postponed association of produced drugs will provoke serious coincidental impacts. In recent years, researchers have stood out sufficiently to be noticed in their investigation of phytochemicals as potential treatments for neurological issues. The unique phytochemicals found in various plants, such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, and flavonoids, contribute to the neuroprotective effects of nootropic flavors. Phytocompounds from restorative plants have a significant impact on maintaining the mind’s compound equilibrium by following up on the capability of receptors for the major inhibitory synapses. recovering plants, for example, Valeriana officinalis, Nardostachys jatamansi, Withania somnifera, Bacopa monniera, Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng have been utilized broadly in various standard frameworks of treatment considering their adaptogenic, psychotropic and neuroprotective properties. The significance of phytochemicals’ system of action and beneficial potential in relation to neuroprotective capacity and other issues is the subject of this study.

Review on Pharmacological Action and Therapeutic Uses of Balchar (Nardostachys jatamansi DC): Unani Perspective

Nardostachys jatamansi DC, commonly referred to as 'Balchar', is a perennial herb within the Valerianaceae family, locally known as "Jatamansi" or "Sumbul-ut-teeb". This species is indigenous to the Himalayan Mountain range, with its habitat extending across China, India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar, thriving at elevations between 3,000 and 5,000 meters. The roots of Nardostachys jatamansi are utilized in traditional Unani medicine for the treatment of various ailments, including hepatitis, inflammation, and obstructions. The genus Nardostachys, particularly Nardostachys jatamansi, is rich in phytoconstituents such as actinidine, angelicin, jatamansin, jatamansone, and jatamansinol. Extensive pharmacological research has demonstrated the plant's antilithiatic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cognitive-enhancing, cardioprotective, hypolipidemic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antiandrogenic, and antibacterial properties. This review aims to elucidate the therapeutic applications of Nardostachys jatamansi, drawing on traditional Unani medicine and contemporary scientific investigations.

APPLICATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MENTAL HEALTH CARE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a rich repository of medicinal plants with therapeutic potential for various health conditions, including mental health disorders. This review aims to explore the application of Ayurvedic medicinal plants in mental health care. A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and Various Ayurvedic texts. Several Ayurvedic medicinal plants, such as Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi), and Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis), have demonstrated significant neuroprotective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and cognitive-enhancing properties in preclinical and clinical studies. The mechanisms of action of these plants involve modulation of neurotransmitter levels, antioxidant effects, and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, Ayurvedic formulations, such as Sarasvata Churna, Smriti Sagar Ras, and Brahma Rasayana, have been traditionally used to improve memory, cognition, and overall mental well-being. Despite the promising evidence, further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action and establish the safety and efficacy of these plants in mental health disorders. In conclusion, Ayurvedic medicinal plants offer a valuable adjunctive or alternative approach to the management of mental health disorders. Integrating Ayurveda into mainstream mental health care could provide holistic and personalized treatment options for patients.

An efficient flavonoid glycosyltransferase NjUGT73B1 from Nardostachys jatamansi of alpine Himalayas discovered by structure-based protein clustering

Tilianin and linarin, two rare glycosylated flavonoids in the aromatic endangered medicinal plant Nardostachys jatamansi (D.on)DC., play an important role in the fields of medicine, cosmetics, food and dye industries. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding their biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the phytochemical investigation of N. jatamansi resulted in the isolation of linarin. With help of AlphaFold2 to cluster the entire glycosyltransferase family based on predicted structure similarities, we successfully identified a flavonoid glycosyltransferase NjUGT73B1, which could efficiently catalyze the glucosylation of acacetin at 7-OH to produce tilianin, also the key precursor in the biosynthesis of linarin. Additionally, NjUGT73B1 displayed a high degree of substrate promiscuity, enabling glucosylation at 7-OH of many flavonoids. Molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that H19, H21, H370, F126, and F127 play the crucial roles in the glycosylation ability of NjUGT73B1. Notably, comparation with the wild NjUGT73B1, mutant H19K led to a 50% increase in the activity of producing tilianin from acacetin.

Serum albumin exposure enhances cell invasiveness and paclitaxel resistance in human neuroblastoma cells, with attenuation by valeriana-type iridoid glycosides.

Neuroblastoma, a prevalent extracranial solid tumor in children, arises from undifferentiated nerve cells. While tumor vasculature, often characterized by increased permeability, influences metastasis and recurrence, the direct impact of blood-borne molecules on tumor progression remains unclear. In the present study, we focused on the effect of exposure to albumin, one of the most abundant proteins in the serum, on human neuroblastoma cells. Albumin exposure elevated oxidative stress and led to mitochondria dysfunction via the activation of TGFβ and PI3K pathways, accompanied by an increase in the metastatic and invasive properties of neuroblastoma cells. Proteins relevant to the induction of autophagy were upregulated in response to prolonged albumin exposure. Additionally, pre-exposure to albumin before treatment resulted in increased resistance to paclitaxel. Two valeriana-type iridoid glycosides, patrisophoroside and patrinalloside, recently isolated from Nardostachys jatamansi significantly mitigated the effect of albumin on oxidative stress, cell invasiveness, and chemoresistance. These findings illuminate the potential role of blood-borne molecules, such as albumin, in the progression and metastasis of neuroblastoma, as well as the possible therapeutic implications of valeriana-type iridoid glycosides in anti-cancer treatment.

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the MAPK gene family in Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the MAPK gene family in Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC

Reversal of restraint stress caused dendritic atropy in rats by Nardostachys jatamansi

Reversal of restraint stress caused dendritic atropy in rats by Nardostachys jatamansi

Sleep Disorder and its Treatment: From Nature to Laboratory

Sleep is the natural cellular repair mechanism to improve and restore central neural mechanism, memory, hormonal imbalance, and finally, cell rejuvenation. Sleep disorder is characterized by insomnia, circadian rhythm disorder (CRD), sleep apnea, narcolepsy, parasomnia, and restless leg syndrome (RLS) or periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). Both oversleeping and less sleeping are associated with sleep disorders (SD). Anxiety, schizophrenia, weight loss/gain, hypothyroidism, and oxidative stress are the most common outcomes of SD. There is also a genetic explanation behind circadian rhythmicity, circadian disorder, narcolepsy-cataplexy syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, and somnambulism. Excessive work pressure, stress, and consumption of caffeine and alcohol collectively push a person toward sleep deprivation. Anxiety, schizophrenia, weight loss/gain, hypothyroidism, and oxidative stress are the most common outcomes of SD. Adenosine, melatonin, dopamine, serotonin, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), orexin, and histamine regulate SDs by various pathways. Among natural sources, Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, Acorus calamus, Withania somnifera, Nardostachys jatamansi, Poria cocos is, Valeriana officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Lavandula angustifolia, Nelumbo nucifera, Melissa officinalis, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Camellia sinensis, Ziziphus jujube, Datura stramonium, Zhizhipus jujube, Passiflora incarnata, and Moringa oleifera showed remarkable effects on different forms of SDs through GABAA, serotonin, and melatonin receptors. Pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine, clonazepam, lorazepam, estazolam, zolpidem, lemborexant, daridorexant, and suvorexant showed its activity in the treatment of SDs as a dopamine agonist, inhibitor of GABAA receptor, dual orexin receptor antagonist, respectively. This article focused on the types of SDs, the effects of SDs on mental health, receptors involved in the sleep cycle, and the impact of natural molecules and synthetic molecules in the management of SDs.

Nardostachys jatamansi: A Review on Extraction Isolation Bioactivities of Phytoconstituents Chemical Structures and Traditional Uses

Nardostachys jatamansi: A Review on Extraction Isolation Bioactivities of Phytoconstituents Chemical Structures and Traditional Uses

The effects of Nardosinone on levodopa intervention in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

BackgroundThe roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. are reported to be useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous research has also shown that Nardosinone, the main active component isolated from Nardostachys jatamansi DC., exhibits the potential to treat PD. Aim of the studyTo investigate how the effects of Nardosinone could assist levodopa in the treatment of PD, how this process changes the intestinal flora, and to explore the effective forms of Nardosinone in the intestinal flora. Material and methodsWe used behavioral experiments, and hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining, to investigate the effects of a combination of Nardosinone and levodopa on rotenone-induced PD rats. In addition, we used LC/MS-MS to determine the levels of levodopa, 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and its metabolite 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid, to investigate the effect of the intestinal flora on co-administration in the treatment of PD. LC/MS-MS was also used to detect the metabolites of Nardosinone on the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal flora. ResultsThe behavioral disorders and neuronal damage associated with PD were significantly improved following the co-administration. Analysis also revealed that the co-administration increased the levels of five neurotransmitters in the striatum, plasma and feces. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that the levels of dopamine and levodopa were increased in the intestinal flora. In total, five metabolites of Nardosinone were identified. ConclusionOur findings indicate that Nardosinone and its metabolites might act as a potential adjutant to enhance the efficacy of levodopa via the intestinal flora, thus expanding the therapeutic potential of the combination of Chinese and Western medicine as a treatment method for PD.

Cycloolivil Isolated from Nardostachys jatamansi Inhibits TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Chemokine Production by Blocking NF-κB and JAK/STAT Activation in HaCaT Keratinocytes.

Nardostachys jatamansi is widely used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries. Numerous recent studies have reported the biological activities of its secondary metabolites and extracts. In this study, a total of 14 components were isolated, including cycloolivil and 2-(3'-hydroxy-5'-ethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxylmethyl-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxylic acid, which were first discovered in N. jatamansi. The isolated compounds were investigated for their anti-inflammatory effects on HaCaT keratinocytes and their potential to alleviate skin inflammation. The results of the screening revealed that cycloolivil and 4β-hydroxy-8β-methoxy-10-methylene-2,9-dioxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decane reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ, such as IL-6, IL-8, and RANTES, in keratinocytes. This study focused on exploring the biological effects of cycloolivil, and the results suggested that cycloolivil inhibits the expression of COX-2 proteins. Further mechanistic evaluations confirmed that the anti-inflammatory effects of cycloolivil were mediated by blockage of the NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. These results suggest that cycloolivil isolated from N. jatamansi could be used to treat skin inflammatory diseases.

Screening, evaluation and identification of promising plant extracts for development of novel natural preservatives

Chemical preservatives are widely employed as the primary approach to inhibit food spoilage, yet their acceptance among consumers is progressively diminishing. Consequently, researchers have increasingly made efforts to explore natural preservatives. Phytochemicals with diverse bioactivities offer promising opportunities for development of natural preservatives. In this study, extracts from a total of 90 plant materials were screened and evaluated for their inhibitory effects against the two pathogenic fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum. Initially, 20 plant extract samples that exhibited an inhibition rate exceeding 85 % against either or both fungal strains were conducted for further screening. Then, evaluations of their minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), spore germination, and mycelial growth were carried out for the subsequent screenings. Finally, GC-MS analysis was preformed to detect the chemical composition of the selected plant extracts. Thus, the antifungal index of the 90 plants was calculated, forming a repository of raw material for plant-based preservatives. The results revealed significant antifungal activities in the petroleum ether (PE) fractions of Cinnamomum cassia, Syzygium aromaticum, Amomum tsaoko, Nardostachys jatamansi, Angelica sinensis, and chloroform fractions of Cinnamomum cassia, Syzygium aromaticum, Houpoea officinalis and Ruta graveolens. Especially, the MICs of Cinnamomum cassia PE fraction (CMPE) against the Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum were only 0.125 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, CMPE also exhibited strong inhibiton effects on sprore germination (> 90 %) and mycelial growth (> 50 %, 1 day). These plant extract fractions are considered as potential candidates for novel natural preservatives.

JATAMANSI (NARDOSTACHYS JATAMANSI DC. ): INSIGHT OF ITS MORPHOLOGY AND ITS MEDICINAL USE IN AYURVEDA

Ayurveda is a traditional system of natural health care that originated in India's ancient Vedic times. Its primary emphasis is on disease prevention and maintaining mankind's health. In Ayurveda, various medicinal plants have been mentioned to cure diseases. The precious medicinal plants are the backbone of the Ayurvedic system of medicine. One such medicinal plant, Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.), has remained an all-time favourite of Vaidya's since ancient Vedic times to treat diseases. It is an endangered, primitive, and therapeutic herbal agent belonging to the family Valerianaceae and has been reported to have many therapeutic activities like Antioxidant, Antifungal, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective. It is a well-known drug in the list of Medhya drugs. This review article summarises the potential benefits of this medicinal plant as reported in offline and online literature. The review also highlights the need to use this plant in the Ayurvedic system of medicine and prospects for further research.

Efficacy of Herbal Medicines in Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Scoping Review

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is most frequently stated gynaecological and metabolic disorder. Many pharmacological drugs have been used to treat PCOS with numerous side effects, which have resulted in the selection of alternative treatments from natural sources. Hence, this review aims to investigate the efficacy of medicinal herbs in regularising ovulation, hyperandrogenism, and other metabolic condition in PCOS. To conduct this review, extensive literature was searched between 2010 to 2021, from PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, and ProQuest. Based on the keywords “polycystic ovarian syndrome” or “medicinal herbs” or “ovarian cysts” or “hyperandrogenism” or “insulin resistance”. Irrelevant studies were excluded from the database. Twelve clinical studies and nine animal studies were included in the review paper. Treatment included herbs such as “Cinnamomum zeylanicum Meism, 1864”,“Curcuma longa L. 1753”, “Tribulus terrestris L. (1753)”,“Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt., 1818” and “Vitex agnus-castus (1753)”. These bioactive compounds have shown to reduce luteinising hormone, progesterone, oestradiol and fasting insulin levels. The evidence supports Vitex agnus-castus and Cimicifuga racemosa have a synergistic impact in management of amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, infertility, and ovulation. cinnamon spp. and Curcuma longa improve insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tribulus terresitris alone and in combination with “Withania somnifera Dunal, 1852” & “Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC, 1830” has shown promising effects but in the latent stage. Based on the evidence, it may be suggested herbal medicines are effective, alone or in alternative form, in amelioration of the symptoms of PCOS.

Efficiency of Jatamansi (Nardostachys Jatamansi [D. Don] DC.) and selected Yoga module in test anxiety of school-going children: A single-arm clinical trial

Abstract Introduction: Test anxiety (TA) is a form of social evaluation anxiety experienced by individuals in a setting of assessment. Studies among students have reported an anxiety rate of 10%–30% which affects their overall performance. On analyzing the symptoms of TA, it is found that, there is a predominance of imbalance of Vata and Pitta humor. Jatamansi (Nardostachys Jatamansi [D. Don] DC.) has the property to balance all three Sharira Dosha (body humor) along with Manasa Dosha (psychic humor) and is hence widely used in psychiatric conditions. Several studies concluded that Yoga therapy is effective in various anxiety conditions. Aim: As the reported trials are less in TA from the Ayurvedic fraternity, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Jatamansi and Yoga in test anxiety (TA) of school-going children. Materials and methods: Four hundred higher secondary students with age group 15-17 Yrs. were screened with TA self-assessment questionnaire after the quarterly examination. The 32 students satisfying the criteria and with informed assent, were selected for intervention, 45 days before the half-yearly examination. Jatamansi tablet was administered to the participants at the dose of two tablets (each of 500 mg) twice daily at 7 am and 7 pm with lukewarm water along with practicing 50 min of the selected Yoga module in the morning, continuously for 1 month. Assessments were done by the Westside TA scale (WSTAS) and Suinn TA behavior scale (STABS) before and after the intervention and after the half-yearly examination. The data were analyzed using paired “t-test.” Results: The total score of the WSTAS showed a statistically significant effect at the level of P < 0.001, which is suggestive of improvement in the wandering of mind, improving confidence, and concentration ability during the examination. Similarly, the total score of the STABS showed a statistically significant effect at the level of P < 0.001 suggesting improvement in anxious behavior during the examination. The scale showed highly significant results in anxiety at the level of P < 0.001 during preparation and after completing the examinations and at the level of P < 0.05. The drug does not show any drug tolerance or adverse drug reaction. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a significant role for the Jatamansi tablet 500 mg twice daily along with a selected Yoga module for one month in reducing the test anxiety (TA) of school-going children.

Role of Evidence based Management of Ayurveda Medicines in Insomnia: A Critical Review

Abstract A person with insomnia has trouble falling asleep or gets insufficient, poor-quality sleep. They might experience frequent nighttime awakenings with difficulty going back asleep and early morning wakefulness. It is common in older adults, females, students, and people with medical illness. The aim is to analyze and review the published clinical studies conducted on insomnia to assess the effectiveness of Ayurvedic remedies for the management of insomnia. For this review, the literature has been searched using databases such as Medline, PubMed, NLM, Ayush Research Portal, and many others. All randomized controlled trials involving individuals with insomnia, utilizing Ayurvedic herbs either alone or in combination and Panchakarma procedures (processes of detoxifying and purifying the body) with an exposure period of ≥7 days, and with the primary outcome being the improvement in sleep quality, were included. This review includes 16 clinical trials, among them Mansyadi Kwath (decoction made up of Jatamamsi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Linn.) and Parsik Yvani (Hyoscyamus niger Linn.), Aswagandha (W. somnifera Linn.), Jatamansi (N. jatamansi DC), Tagar (Valeriana wallichii DC.), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri Linn.), Gud Pippali Churna (powder of jaggery and root of Piper longum Linn.), Jatipatri Ksheerpaka (milk decoction of Myristica fragrans Houtt.), Insomrid tablet (tablet made up of 5 drugs named Jatamamsi, Ashwagandha, Parsik Yvani (H. niger Linn.), Tagar (Valeriana wallichii DC.), and Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina Benth.) and Shirodhara (~slowly and steadily dripping medicated liquids on the forehead) are found effective in the treatments of insomnia according to these studies. This research serves as secondary data for further studies and the medication are described here have the ability to manage insomnia with very minimal or no side effects. These drugs are also cost-effective and nonaddictive.

<i>In silico</i> screening of phytochemicals against Ypd1 protein of a destructive storage fungi, <i>Aspergillus</i>

One of the most common pests in stored grain is Aspergillus. This group of fungi produces a carcinogenic toxin, Aflatoxin during their growth and development. Contamination of Aspergillus in food grains during storage leads to food insecurity. In the present-day scenario, using plant-based derivatives in controlling Aspergillus is one of the efficient and eco-friendly ways. Hence an in silico study was carried out to know the effective phytochemicals present in Citrus, Carum carvi, Coriander sativum, Aloysia citriodora, Mentha citrate, Spent hops, Nardostachys jatamansi, Feoniculum vulgare, Zingiber officinale, Lantana camara, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Ocimum kilimandscharium, Tagetes filifolia against Aspergillus. Results revealed that the photochemicals viz. Eugenol, zingiberene, carvone, citronellal, limonene, coumaran, linalool, linalyl acetate, esdragol, menthol, E-anethole, camphor, bornyl acetate, xanthohumol and aristolone present in the selected plants can inhibit the normal functioning of Ypd1 protein of Aspergillus by blocking its active site. Thus, the present study makes a base for future researchers to find the most effective phytochemicals in controlling Aspergillus following in vivo method.

Evaluation of Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC.

Nardostachys jatamansi is an endangered medicinal plant of the Caprifoliaceae family. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolites and their biological activities. The shade dried, powdered plant materials were subjected to successive ultrasonic extraction with solvents hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol in the increasing order of polarity. Flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolic volatile oils, and alkaloids were discovered in the phytochemical screening. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis identified 13, 10, and 6 chemical compounds in hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. Cyclic saturated hydrocarbons, organic acids, alcohol, and ester were the main constituents of extracts verified by GC-MS. Chloroform extracts had a higher phenolic content (49.53 mg GAE/g) than ethyl acetate extracts (44.41 mg GAE/g). Chloroform extracts had a higher total flavonoid concentration (18.42 mg QE/g) than ethyl acetate extracts (10.57 mg QE/g). The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts revealed moderate results to antioxidant activity.

Volatile constituents of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. rhizomes: from Uttarakhand Himalaya (India)

The rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. were collected from two alpine Himalayan locations of Uttarakhand (India). The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to determine the variation of concentration in their constituents. A total of 22 compounds were identified in both the oils, accounting 96.4198.22%. The major constituents of N. jatamansi oils were characterised as patchoulol (46.054.11%) and calarene (9.1015.6%). Due to the higher relative area quantum of patchoulol in N. jatamansi populations growing in Uttarakhand, there is need to develop propagation protocol for mass multiplication and in-situ and ex-situ conservation.