Naphthaleneacetic Acid Research Articles

Detrimental Effects of Lithium on in vitro Seedlings of Pea (Vigna radiata)

The global demand for lithium-ion batteries has raised concerns about environmental consequences stemming from lithium leaching. In this study, we investigated the effects of lithium, sourced from Li2SO4, on in vitro seed germination and seedling growth of green moong (Vigna radiata). Our experiments used woody plant medium supplemented with 1 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA). We observed that in vitro seed germination remained unaffected by lithium concentration. However, at concentrations of 3-5 mg/l of lithium, significant changes were observed in stem parameters including growth reduction, shoot tip damage and stem discolouration. Root growth was inhibited at lithium concentrations of 4 and 5 mg/l. Additionally, we noted leaf abscission, dark colouration and reduced leaf area in a dose-dependent manner. Necrotic lesions were not observed in the seedlings. Chlorophyll accumulation, phenolic content and peroxidase (POD) activity showed enhancement with increasing lithium concentration. Our data analysis strongly suggests dose-dependent toxicity in young seedlings under in vitro conditions. These findings shed light on the potential ecological implications of lithium leaching from retired batteries.

Studies on Seed Germination and Micropropagation of Ebenus sibthorpii, an Endemic Shrub of Greece with Potential Ornamental Use

The introduction of new ornamental species is a challenge for the floriculture industry. Ebenus sibthorpii is an endemic species of Greece, with a strong ornamental potential. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies on the in vitro propagation of this species. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the possibility of micropropagation of Ebenus sibthorpii as a first step for its introduction into the floriculture industry. A preliminary study on the germination ability of the species was also conducted on 1/2-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (MS/2), in the range of 5–35 °C. Seeds germinated at 46–64% indifferently of temperature between the range of 10–30 °C. In vitro cultures were successfully established (77–80% explant response) from single-node explants excised from seedlings, on MS medium either hormone-free (Hf) or supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) at 0.5 and 1 mg L−1. The subsequent multiplication stage involved subcultures in MS medium either Hf or supplemented with various cytokinin types and concentrations, while the combination of 0.01 mg L−1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) with BA was also tested. Τhe highest multiplication indices (3.6–4.6) were observed in media containing BA at 0.1–0.5 mg L−1, regardless of NAA presence, and in those with 0.5 mg L−1 ZEA or 1 mg L−1 TDZ. The highest number of shoots were formed in TDZ media, but almost half of them did not elongate. To address this, a two-fold culture was developed, where micro-shoots produced on TDZ media were transferred to Hf, MS or MS/2 medium to elongate. Thus, the highest multiplication index (16.4) was achieved when micro-shoots from 1 mg L−1 TDZ medium were transferred to MS medium. The present study could be the basis of further exploitation and conservation of E. sibthorpii.

Effect of 2,4-D and NAA in Callus Induction and Differentiation from Different Explants of Moringa Oleifera Lam

This study was carry out in the Laboratory of Plant Cells and Tissue Culture / Department of Forestry Sciences in the College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul during the year 2021-2022 to study the effect of adding different concentrations of 2,4-Dichloro-Phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) to the MS medium in the induction of callus from different parts of the Moringa oleifera Lam. and then study the effect of different concentrations of 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and Kinetin (Kin) on the differentiation of callus into buds and embryogenesis. Concerning callus induction, the results showed that 2,4-D or NAA in the nutrient medium was necessary after three weeks of cultivation 2,4-D was superior to NAA in the percentage of callus induction, as callus induction occurred by 100% of the explants cultured in the media supplemented with 0.1 mg.l−1 2,4-D. On the other hand, the parts (apical buds, single node, parts of the leaf blade, epicotyl, cotyledon, hypocotyl) differed significantly among themselves in the percentage of their ability on callus induction, as the cotyledons gave the highest rate of induction, amounting to 80%. The shoots resulting from the callus rooted after four weeks of cultivation in media supplemented with different concentrations of IBA at a rate of 100%, regardless of the concentration of IBA. The study proved the existence of a genetic match between the mother plants and the plants produced from the callus induction from them.

Effect of Soil Mulching and Spraying with Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Growth and Yield of Broccoli

The field experiment was carried out at the research station of the College of Agriculture / University of Anbar between 33.4538 East and 43.3270 North lines. The experiment included using each of the four types of soil mulching (without mulching, black mulching, yellow mulching, and transparent white mulching) and spraying with naphthalene acetic acid naphthalene (without spraying, spraying with a concentration of 50 mg L, spraying with a concentration of 100 mg L, spraying with a concentration of 150 mg L) in some characteristics of Broccoli Remind the name of hybrid. The research was applied using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial experiment with three replications for each treatment. The results showed that black mulching was superior to the rest of the Types of mulches, which gave the best results in terms of plant height, floral head circumference, leaf length, head weight, 50% flowering rate, and TSS (79.193 cm, 61.066 cm, 64.069 cm, 1.025 kg plant−1, 59.667 days, and 12,140) sequentially compared to the control treatment, spray treatment with acetic acid naphthalene at a concentration of 100 ml gave the best values through plant height, which reached (81.453 cm), floral head circumference, (61.969 cm), leaf length (62.547 cm), head weight (1.045 kg), flowering 50% (59.833 days), TSS (12.073) compared to the control treatment

Effect of Some Bio-agents and Naphthalene Acetic Acid to Inhabit Fusarium Nygamai Isolated from Hibiscus Sabdarriffa

A laboratory experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete design (RCD) during the season of 2022- 2023 to study the effect of Trichoderma harzainum, Bacillus subtilis and Naphthalene acetic acid. The results showed that the biological agent T. harizanium achieved an antagonistic ability against F. nygamia amounted 1.25 according to the Bell scale, the concentration 300 mg/l of NAA led to inhibiting of F. nygamia 100%, compared to the control treatment 0%, in comparison, the concentrations 300mg/L of NAA did not cause any inhibitory effect on T. harizanum 0%, the Uniform fungicide at concentrations (100-900) mg/L caused inhibition of F. nygamia, which reached 24.82, 57.78, 89.26 and 100% respectively compared to the control treatment 0%.

Effect of Media Type and Cytokinines on Micropropagation of Two Cultivars of Pomegranate Punica granatum L

Present study was done to describe micropropagation protocol of Pomegranate (granatum Punica L) for two cultivar (Yamani and Wonderful), by testing their tolerance to sterilization duration with sodium hypochlorite solution at 1%, and investigation of suitability of of two media murashige and skoog (MS) and woody plant medium (WPM) during establishment stage in addition study the role of four type of Cytokinines BA (benzyl adenine), 2iP (isopentyl adenine), Kinetin(6-furfury lamino Purine) and TDZ (Thidiazuron) at different concentrations for two cultivars in multiplication stage and investigation of two type of Auxin NAA and IBA for rooting stage. the results appeared that sterilization at 10 min with sodium hypochlorite at 1% reduce contamination percentage to 6.2% and increased survival to 93.8%, the result proved WPM media was better than MS in increase shoot number, shoot length and leaf number was 1.17 shoot per explant, 5.02cm and 6.60 leaf per explant respectively. in the other way Yamani cultivar gave maximum value in comparison with wonderful for same characteristics. concerning the multiplication stage at 0.5 mg.l-1 BA achieved highest value of shoot number and leaf number (2.89 and 5) per explant respectively. while Kin gave best value of shoot length 4.12cm. moreover BA and 2iP at 1mg.l-1, Kin at 5mg.l-1 and TDZ at1mg.l-1 achieved maximum values of same characteristics mentioned above. Auxins NAA (Naphthaleneacetic acid) and IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) at 1mg.l-1 achieved highest root number was (4 and 3.17) per explant respectively.

Role of Plant Growth Regulators on Multiplication of Stevia rebaudiana Inside Manufactured Temporary Immersion Bioreactor and Induction of Callus from Explant

The experiment was conducted at Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory - Department of Horticulture and landscape gardening, from October 2021 to January 2023. micropropagation experiments were conducted using five levels of Kinetin 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mg L. Callogenesis experiments were performed using four levels of Naphthalenacetic Acid 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg L. A temporary immersion bioreactor was used with a 10-minute immersion period every 4 hours, and two levels of Kinetin and two levels of benzyl adenine were added to the Murashige and Skoog medium as a comparative treatment. The results showed that the concentration of 1.0 mg L had a significant effect on the number of shoot and leaves, and the comparative treatment showed a significant effect on shoots height. The results of multiplication in the manufactured bioreactor showed a significant effect on shoots height, reaching 4.8 cm, and the concentration of 1.0 mg L benzyl adenine showed a significant effect on the number of shoots, with 3.2 shoot per plant, and the number of leaves for the same treatment was 17.1 leaves per shoot.

Effect of chemical thinning on the fruit parameters of ‘Majhoul’ date palm during fruit development

The aim of this work was to study the effect of NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) on the chemical thinning of ‘Majhoul’ date palm in order to use this operation as an alternative to manual thinning, which is a costly operation carried out by the farmers. Experiments were carried out on an adult plantation of ‘Majhoul’ cv in Tafilalet area. Thinning treatments used were T0 (control treated with water), T1 (application of 150 and 300 ppm NAA 30 and 60 days after pollination), T2 (application of 250 and 500 ppm NAA 30 and 60 days after pollination) and T3 (manual thinning performed by the farmer). These treatments were used on three flowering phases of this variety. Obtained results showed that for the early flowering phase, T2 NAA treatment increased fruit drop for 77% compared to the control. Thinning treatments T1, T2 and T3 yielded fruit with larger size (fruit mass of 17.26, 18.51 and 20.88 g respectively) than that of the control (13.67 g). The late flowering phase also gave fruit with larger size (fruit mass of 18.73 g and fruit length of 4.44 cm) than that of the other flowering phases (fruit mass of 17 g and fruit length of 4.34 cm for the other flowering phases).

Optimization of the regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in pear

Conventional breeding in pears is inefficient due to a long juvenile phase and self-incompatibility. Genetic transformation offers a promise to expedite the breeding process. However, the frequencies of regeneration and genetic transformation in most Pyrus spp. are relatively low. This study investigated various factors influencing regeneration and genetic transformation using leaves from Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim “Shanli” and P. communis L. “Conference” as explants. The optimum regeneration medium for “Shanli” and “Conference” was NN69 containing 3.0 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.3 mg L−1 indolybutyric acid (IBA) for the former or 1.0 mg L−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg L−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for the latter. Sectioning the leaves from 30-day-old plantlets transversely and placing them with their abaxial side facing downward could significantly improve the regeneration ratio in both accessions. Moreover, a two- or four-week culture under the dark was beneficial for the regeneration of “Shanli” and “Conference” respectively. The optimal infection time was 12 and 8 min, while the time of the delayed screening test was two and one day for “Shanli” and “Conference” respectively. Moreover, a coculture of two days was recommended for both accessions. Post-transformation, the optimal concentrations of antibiotics were 16 mg L−1 kanamycin (Kan), 150 mg L−1 timentin (Tim), and 300 mg L−1 cefotaxime (Cef). The optimized regeneration and transformation system can be an effective alternative for either gene function analysis or genetic improvement in pear.

Branch Cutting Propagation of Different Bamboo Species Through Varying Levels of Alpha Naphthalene Acetic Acid Supplementation

A study was conducted to determine the survivability and growth performance of different bamboo species supplemented with varying levels of Alpha Naphthalene Acetic Acid (ANAA). The study is a two-factor experiment arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The study revealed that the different bamboo species had influenced the growth characteristics of bamboo cuttings in terms of number of shoots developed, height of shoots, number of leaves developed, length of leaves, number of roots, and survival rate. Supplementation of ANAA to different species of bamboo had a positive effect on the growth performance of bamboo cuttings in terms of length of leaves, width of leaves, number of roots, and survival rate. There was a significant interaction effect observed between the different species of bamboo and the level of ANAA supplementation on the survivability of bamboo cuttings. For higher survivability of bamboo cuttings, supplementation of 2 parts per million ANAA is recommended to obtain better growth performance in propagating bamboo and faster multiplication of planting materials. Keywords: Bolo, Kawayang Kiling, Kawayang Tinik, ANAA, Propagation

Micropropagation of Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] Leaf Explants and Single Nodes in Response to Plant Growth Regulators

Lisianthus has long-lasting, white, blue-purple, velvet or pink flowers. Varieties that can be used in pots, outdoors, or cut flowers are widely used and it is essential to develop new varieties to increase their commercial value. Breeding studies with classical methods can take a long time in lisianthus. Techniques to create variation in these plants and facilitate their reproduction always contribute to shortening the breeding period and one of the best known of these methods is plant tissue culture. This study aimed to investigate the micropropagation possibilities in lisianthus and examine the effects of auxin and cytokinin applications and doses on shoot reproduction. Supplemented with 10 different plant growth regulators in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, leaf explants from lisianthus plants that were germinated under in vitro conditions (seedlings) were cultivated. 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) was utilized in 5 doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mg L-1) alone in the first 5 groups. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was also added to the BAP mediums at a concentration of 0.5 mg L-1. Shoot formation, shoot lengths, the number of shoots longer and shorter than 1 cm, and regeneration of new shoots after subcultures were determined. According to the results, MS mediums containing 3.0 and 4.0 mg L-1 BAP could be good starting mediums for regenerating new lisianthus shoots from leaf explants. These treatments got the highest values both in shoot formation and the number of shoots longer than 1 cm. It has been determined that 3.0 mg L-1 BAP alone can be used for both organogenesis from leaf explants and shoot proliferation in single node culture. In vitro shoots of the lisianthus species were easily rooted and both PGR-free MS or ½ MS mediums. Lisianthus shoots propagated under in vitro conditions can be rooted under ex vitro conditions both in the float hydroculture and in the soil mixture. The acclimatization stage was optimized also successfully.

Organogenesis versus somatic embryogenesis pathway efficiencies in in vitro propagation of white and water yams

AbstractThe primary goal of this study was to compare the multiplication rates of yam varieties propagated through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis (SE). Callus was induced from axillary bud explants of three genotypes of Dioscorea rotundata (Asiedu, Ekiti2a, and Kpamyo) and two genotypes of Dioscorea alata (Swaswa and TDa2014) cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 9.1 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxylacetic acid and 5.4 µM naphthaleneacetic acid. Plantlets were regenerated in MS containing 4.4 µM benzylaminopurine and 34 µM uniconazole-P through SE. Single-node cuttings of the five genotypes were grown in MS for 8 wk via organogenesis. The SE and organogenesis regenerants were acclimatized and potted in a 2 (propagation techniques (PTs)) × 5 (genotypes) factorial arranged in a completely randomized design (r = 10). The multiplication ratios (MR), number of tubers (NoT) of the SE, and organogenesis regenerants were collected and analyzed using ANOVA, and means were separated using DMRT (P ≤ 0.05). The SE and organogenesis MR ranged from 1:2 (TDa2014) to 1:8 (Asiedu) and 1:4 (Asiedu) to 1:5 (Ekiti2a and TDa2014), respectively. The NoT differed among genotypes, ranging from 1.15 ± 0.49 (Swaswa) to 2.45 ± 1.39 (Asiedu), and between PTs, ranging from 1.42 ± 0.70 (SE) to 1.86 ± 1.11 (organogenesis). The optimum propagation pathway was genotype-specific.

Effect of Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on Growth and Yield Parameters of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

Effect of Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on Growth and Yield Parameters of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

Improvement of Culture Conditions and Plant Growth Regulators for In Vitro Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Paeonia lactiflora Pall.

Owing to its high ornamental, medicinal and horticultural values, herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) has been widely used as a landscaping and economical plant around the world. However, the lack of an efficient and stable regeneration system in P. lactiflora restricts its rapid propagation and large-scale production. By testing the key factors affecting callus formation, proliferation, adventitious bud induction and rooting, here, we developed an in vitro system for callus induction and regeneration in P. lactiflora. Our results show that callus formation was affected by explant types, culture environment, basal medium and plant growth regulators. Using cotyledons as explants, we established good conditions for P. lactiflora callus induction and callus proliferation. We effectively obtained adventitious buds differentiated from callus in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing kinetin (KT) and thidiazuron (TDZ). Adventitious bud growth can be further promoted by adding gibberellin 3 (GA3), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyleaminopurine (6-BA) into the MS medium. A high percentage of rooting can be achieved by adding indolebutyric acid (IBA) and activated carbon (AC) to ½ MS medium. Overall, our system promotes callus induction and adventitious bud regeneration for P. lactiflora through improved culture conditions and plant growth regulators in the culture media, and lays a foundation for subsequent genetic engineering research.

Efficient in vitro regeneration of Artemisia annua: effect of different combinations of plant growth regulators on various types of explants

The global supply chain of artemisinin for treating malaria relies on the natural population of Artemisia annua. To enhance artemisinin levels in planta, genetic and molecular interventions, and clonal propagation through tissue culture is being explored worldwide. This investigation establishes an efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration by utilizing various plant growth regulators that have significant effects on plant development. Leaf and petiole explants of A. annua were cultured on MS media with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The highest frequency of callus development (96.13 ± 0.89% response) was observed in explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 benzyladenine (BA) and 0.4 mg l−1 thidiazuron (TDZ). The most effective regeneration medium for shoot formation from explants included 0.3 mg l−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.5 mg l−1 BA, which resulted in a regeneration response of 88.90 ± 2.48%. The MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg l−1 NAA demonstrated the highest root initiation from the regenerated shoots. These findings have the potential to contribute to the efficient in vitro regeneration of A. annua and facilitate the generation of genetically modified plants with improved artemisinin content.

Callus Induction, Regeneration of Rice Variety BRRI Dhan29 and Determination of Lethal Dose Of Ethyl Methanesulfonate

Rice is an essential meal for a large section of the world's population including Bangladesh. BRRI Dhan29 is known as an excellent rice variety in Bangladesh but it is now susceptible to several diseases and pests, which might reduce rice yields. Therefore, it becomes necessary to explore and optimize different approach with the aim of enhancing yield, diseases resistance and overall genetic variability of this important rice variety. Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) produces a large number of non-lethal point mutations by alkylates guanine bases and leads to mispairing-alkylated guanine pairs with thiamine instead of cytosine. The LD50 of EMS is frequently used as a general indicator of a substance's acute toxicity and a lower LD50 is indicative of increased toxicity. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive protocol for callus induction, regeneration for the BRRI dhan29 rice and to determine the LD50% of EMS on callus survival for further genetic improvement. Mature embryos were used to induce callus by utilizing different concentrations (0.00, 0.5, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50, 3.00 and 3.50 mg/L) of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyactic acid (2, 4-D), while callus regeneration was studied using varying combine concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA: 0, 5, 10 and 15 μg/L) and kinetin (0.00, 1.00, 2.00 and 3.00 ml/L). The optimal concentrations for callus induction was 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D and a combination of 10 μg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L kinetin were identified for efficient callus regeneration. The LD50 of EMS on BRRI dhan29 calli was 0.31%, indicating its potential mutagen for creating genetic variations. Regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized at field conditions. These findings might provide valuable insights for tissue culture-based studies and genetic improvement efforts for the BRRI dhan29. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 37(1): 1-10, 2023

Auxin mediated elevated CO2-induced stolon growth and soluble sugar accumulation in creeping bentgrass

Stolon is crucial for competitive ability, stresses tolerance, as well as carbohydrate and nutrition storage in plants. In our previous study, stolon growth as well as the content of both indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) in stolon nodes and internodes were found to be increased due to elevated CO2 in stoloniferous creeping bentgrass. The objectives of this study were to determine the roles of auxin and the underlying mechanism of auxin in regulating elevated CO2-induced improvement on stolon growth and carbohydrate accumulation in stolon nodes and internodes of creeping bentgrass. Plants were treated with foliar applications of auxin (1-naphthalene acetic acid, NAA) and auxin transport inhibitor (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, TIBA) at different concentrations to observe their effects on stolon growth. Hence, 10 mg⋅L−1 NAA and 100 mg⋅L−1 TIBA were selected as optimal concentrations to foliarly spray plants grown under either ambient CO2 (400 µmol⋅mol−1) or elevated CO2 (800 µmol⋅mol−1). Under water control and NAA treatments, stolon growth (stolon internode number, total stolon length, and stolon biomass) and contents of carbohydrate (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) were significantly increased by elevated CO2, but no positive effects were found in TIBA treatments in stolon nodes and internodes of creeping bentgrass. The results confirmed that IAA mediated elevated CO2-enhancement in stolon growth and carbohydrates accumulation in stolon nodes and internodes. The increase in IAA level was mainly associated with genes involved in auxin synthesis and transport in stolon nodes and internodes of creeping bentgrass. Our results would provide new insights for the rapid growth of stoloniferous plants under the scenario of continuous rise of the atmosphere CO2 concentration.

Tissue-specific and novel secondary metabolites identified by SPME/GC-MS in Artemisia annua calli cultured under different wavelength

The controlled environment in the in vitro conditions allow for a stable and high-quality production of metabolites. Also, the use of different tissues, under in vitro conditions, can produce a profile of secondary metabolites different from those produced under conventional systems. The present study aimed to develop a protocol for in vitro calli induction and proliferation of Artemisia annua, and to compare the secondary metabolite profile of in vitro calli, in vitro plantlets, and plants cultivated ex vitro. The effects of different light wavelengths on the production of secondary metabolites were also evaluated. The presence of phytoregulators 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) promoted the induction and proliferation of calli, with an increase in diameter and fresh weight of the calli. SPME/GC-MS analysis showed differences in the profile of secondary metabolites produced by different A. annua cultivation systems and light wavelengths. White light sources (cold fluorescent) and red light (LEDs) resulted in a greater diversity of metabolites produced by the calli. In total, 25 metabolites were detected exclusively in calli of A. annua, four of which are reported for the first time in the species: menthyl acetate, geranyl acetate, 4-methoxy benzaldehyde, and alpha-santalene. Of these, six metabolites were uniquely identified in calli cultured under red LED, demonstrating calli response specificity. The results demonstrate the potential of in vitro culture of A. annua calli in the production of metabolites different from those obtained in different tissues, such as in vitro plantlets and plants grown in greenhouse.

Establishment of an Efficient In Vitro Propagation Protocol for Cannabis sativa L. subsp. ruderalis Janish

Cannabis sativa L., subsp. ruderalis Janish., ‘Finola’ is a dioecious cultivar of Finnish origin. This cultivar is very interesting because its cultivation cycle lasts less than 3 months. The aim of this study was to define an efficient micropropagation protocol to ensure in vitro multiplication and rooting and in vivo acclimatization. Two different explant sources were tested: seed-derived in vitro explants and nodal segments containing axillary buds from selected mother plants. Shoot proliferation was tested on different growth media enriched with cytokinin alone or cytokinin in combination with auxins. Among all combinations, the best results were obtained by combining the Basal Medium (BM—a Murashige and Skoog modified medium) with sucrose (20 g L−1), thidiazuron (TDZ 0.4 mg L−1), and 1-naphthalenacetic acid (NAA 0.2 mg L−1). Regarding rooting induction, the plants developed an extensive root system under red/blue lights on BM enriched with sucrose (30 g L−1) and indol-3 butyric acid (0.1 mg L−1), which allowed the survival of more than 90 percent of the plantlets once transplanted into the climate-controlled greenhouse.

Propagation of rose varieties by cuttings under the effect of different rooting hormones

Abstract Roses are one of the oldest and perhaps most noble and beautiful plants in the world. The propagation of roses by stem cutting is the simplest and a largely used method to multiply them. For the present experiment, seven varieties of roses were selected as follows: ‘Monika’, ‘Mr. Lincoln’, ‘Queen Elisabeth’, ‘The Fairy’, ‘Peace’, ‘King’s Ransom’, and ‘Don Juan’. To assess the differences between the varieties, growth, root length, root number, and frost damage were determined. The aim of the experiment is to determine which rose varieties are better suited to propagation by cuttings, which varieties have a higher rooting tendency, and to what extent the rooting could be influenced by rooting hormones [Incit-8 (0.8% of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) and Radi-Stim®]. From our results, it could be determined that the Incit-8 positively influenced the number of roots of all varieties. In conclusion, our research suggests that the rooting hormones increase the rooting of the rose varieties; moreover, that proper rooting could also be depending on the appropriate conditions.