Nanowire Arrays Research Articles

Catalytic Growth of Ionic Conductive Lithium Nitride Nanowire Array for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anode

AbstractThe development of an artificial solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) has been recognized as the most efficient strategy to overcome the safety concerns associated with the lithium metal anode (LMA). Inorganic‐rich SEIs on the LMA are crucial for suppressing Li dendrites. Among the prevalent SEI inorganic compounds observed for LMA, lithium nitride (Li3N) is often found in the SEIs of high‐performance LMA. Herein, the Li3N nanowire array is successfully synthesized and the catalytic base‐growth mechanism is thoroughly investigated. The fast ionic conductor Li3N nanowires act as pillars to control the nucleation and growth of lithium metal along the vertical direction of the nanowire by bottom‐up self‐lubrication, which fundamentally prevents the dendrite growth. The Li3N is characterized by abundant lithiophilic nucleation sites, which effectively reduces the local current density, and facilitates homogeneous Li+ flux. Symmetric cells utilizing the Li3N@Li anode have demonstrated excellent stability, featuring uniform deposition without dendrite formation. Additionally, high‐capacity retentions of 98% at 0.5 C after 400 cycles and impressive high‐rate performance at 31.1 mA cm−2 have been realized in high‐loading Li3N@Li||LFP cells. The universal preparation of the Li3N nanowires with various precursors and substrates is further explored, which is expected to be applied in solid‐state batteries and hydrogen storage.

In-situ stabilization of metal-nitride sites in sprouted 2D cMOF@LDHs hetero-nano petals on metaloxynitrides nanostems for enhanced water splitting

Addressing the challenges of enhancing water-splitting efficiency necessitates the exploration and rational design of high-performance and durable electrocatalysts with appealing nanoarchitectures. In this study, we present the design and fabrication of conjugated cMOF/LDH hetero-nano petals decorated with monodispersed Metal-N sites, which are uniformly shelled over tungsten oxynitride (WNO) nanowire arrays to form a unique core–shell architecture. For this rational engineering, WNO nanowire arrays were grown on carbon cloth. Then, a thin-layered Ru-Co-Fe layered double hydroxide (RuCoFe/LDH) was deposited around these wires, resulting in a highly porous three-dimensional array of hierarchical hetero RuCoFe-LDHs@WNO-NWs core–shell nanowires (RuCoFe-NSs@WNO-NWs). Subsequently, the linkers coordinated with the RuCoFe-LDH nanosheets and transformed them in-situ into the RuCoFe-cMOF nano petals (RuCoFe-NPs@WNO-NWs). Notably, the linker’s amino groups functioned as hooks for precisely anchoring and stabilizing metal sites, forming the metal nitride (M-N) moieties. Interestingly, the designed bi-functional catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activities for both OER (230 mV @ 10 mAcm−2) and HER (49 mV @ 10 mAcm−2) in an alkaline medium. Additionally, an electrolyzer cell employing Ru-CoFe-NPs@WNO-NWs as a bi-functional electrocatalyst required 1.49V to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2. These remarkable catalytic performances can be attributed to several key factors, including opulent exposed active sites, an efficient charge/mass transport pathway, an optimized electronic structure, and an interfacial synergy effect. Hence, this study provides a new perspective for the design of efficient bi-functional electrocatalysts for use in the energy related electrochemical devices.

Assembly of large-area helical nanowire and nanosphere superstructures by PS-b-P2VP/S-mandelic acid via interfacial nanoarchitectonics

Chiral supramolecules have attracted great research interest due to their unique properties and functions. How to assemble them into the ordered superstructures, however, remains a challenge. In this paper, two methods have been developed to fabricate such superstructures. In method I, polystyrene-b-poly (2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) and S-mandelic acid (S-MA) diffused from the oil and aqueous phases respectively to the oil/water interface, combined and self-assembled into helical nanowires and nanospheres with monochirality, and formed parallel-aligned nanowire arrays and close-packed arrays at the liquid/liquid interface. In method II, PS-b-P2VP in DMF droplets was introduced into the aqueous solution of S-MA through a liquid/liquid interfacial phase transfer process. Then the polymer molecules self-assembled into helical nanowires and nanospheres with monochirality in the aqueous phase, which adsorbed at the air/liquid interface and organized into superstructures. The formation of chiral aggregates should be attributed to the induction of S-MA, while the superstructures at the interfaces were considered to result from the modulation by the interfacial pressures. This study has developed one-step techniques to assemble the chiral aggregates and superstructures, which is expected to become universal for fabrication of functional superstructures.

CoSe2 nanowire array enabled highly efficient electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate for ammonia synthesis

The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO3–) not only facilitates the environmentally sustainable production of ammonia (NH3) but also purifies water by removing NO3–, thereby transforming waste into valuable resources. The process of converting NO3– to NH3 is complex, involving eight electron transfers and multiple intermediates, making the choice of electrocatalyst critical. In this study, we report a cobalt selenide (CoSe2) nanowire array on carbon cloth (CoSe2/CC) as an effective electrocatalyst for the NO3– to NH3 conversion. In an alkaline medium with 0.1 mol/L NO3–, CoSe2/CC demonstrates exceptional NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 97.6 % and a high NH3 yield of 517.7 µmol h–1 cm–2 at –0.6 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, insights into the reaction mechanism of CoSe2 in the electrocatalytic NO3– reduction are elucidated through density functional theory calculations.

Highly uniform organic nanowire synaptic arrays with excellent performance for associative memory

Synaptic devices of optoelectronic nature, which combine light-detection and data-storage capabilities, hold significant promise in the realm of neuromorphic computing. They are especially beneficial for the processing of visual data and the execution of intricate cognitive functions akin to learning, memory retention, and logical reasoning. However, current research is mostly confined to the level of individual devices, with corresponding studies on synaptic arrays being relatively scarce. Type II heterojunctions are widely used in optoelectronics. Bandgap engineering enables efficient separation and trapping of photogenerated excitons in selected materials, reducing carrier recombination. This prolongs carrier retention in the channel, delaying photocurrent decay, crucial for artificial optoelectronic synapses. We designed an organic nanowire/perovskite Type II heterojunction where CsPbBr3 perovskite films and TIPS nanowires serve as the photosensitive and channel layers, respectively. The composite synaptic array was successfully fabricated by in-situ growth of TIPS nanowires on the surface of perovskite thin films. It was further used to fabricate a photonic synapse array that exhibits characteristic photocurrent and stable optical response. Achieving high-performance photonic synapses was facilitated by characteristics such as high mobility and high on/off ratios, stemming from the formation of complete single-crystal nanowires on the perovskite films. Exhibiting synaptic behaviors such as photo-induced enhancements and paired-pulse facilitation, the device enabled a visual sensing system with a 5 × 5 pixel array for simulating memory processes and restoring associative memories. A novel photocurrent model was established for understanding device characteristics. This work provides valuable insights for future utilization of composite organic nanowire arrays in simulating brain-like computations and realizing large-scale intelligent visual sensing systems.

Optical properties of lead-free Cs3Bi2I9 nanowire arrays prepared by template

Bismuth-based (Bi) perovskites have garnered significant interest as alternatives to lead-based (Pb) perovskites in photoelectric applications due to their non-toxicity and diverse structural properties. However, the inherent high limitation of electrons presents a significant challenge to their further utilization in various applications. Herein, all-inorganic Cs3Bi2I9 nanowire arrays have been successfully prepared by AAO template combined with the two-step method of low-temperature solution. Compared to the Cs3Bi2I9 film, the Cs3Bi2I9 nanowire arrays obtained the higher photoluminescence intensity, indicating a strong interaction between Cs3Bi2I9 and AAO, resulting from the significant weakening of the high electron confinement in the valence band of Cs3Bi2I9, which presenting as the valence band of the Cs3Bi2I9-AAO is mainly contributed by the O 2p orbital, while the conduction band does not change significantly. In addition, the Cs3Bi2I9 nanowire arrays have been demonstrated with the enhanced environmental and thermal stability, which maintain 90 % of their initial photoluminescence intensity after 120 h (in a vacuum) heating at 80 °C or after 10 days in the air (relative humidity of 40 %).

Hierarchical core-shell electrode with rGO wrapped NiWO4 nanowire arrays on Ni foam for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

This paper presents a novel class of hierarchical core-shell nanowire arrays (NWAs) that may greatly enhance the electrochemical storage of energy capabilities of supercapacitors. These NWAs consist of rGO sheets surrounding a NiWO4 nanowire core. The average surface area of NiWO4 nanoparticles was 105.7 m2/g, and their sizes ranged from 20 to 100 nm. The NWO/rGO composite has an impressive specific capacitance of up to 1156 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 current density. The synergistic impact of NiWO4 and rGO, which offer conducting channels and active sites, is responsible for the NWO/rGO electrode's significantly improved capacitive performance. This hybrid electrode has a lot of promise for use in energy storage devices since the cyclic stability tests showed that its starting values did not decline after 5000 cycles. In a three-electrode system, the NiWO4/rGO electrode provides more energy density compared to the NiWO4 electrode because to a boost in specific capacitance and a wider potential window (1 V for nanocomposite NiWO4/rGO vs. 0.6 V for NiWO4). Electrodes made of a nanocomposite of NiWO4 and rGO are used to construct a symmetric capacitor. Both the asymmetric and symmetric capacitors function similarly when driven within a 1.5 V potential region. On top of that, the device achieved a power density of 932 W kg−1 and an energy density of 42 Wh kg−1.

Enhanced electroreduction of low-concentration nitrate using a Cu-Pd bimetallic cathode system: Performance evaluation, mechanism analysis, and potential applications

Copper (Cu) is a widely recognized cathode for the electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO3-). Nevertheless, its practical applications are currently restricted due to limited activity and selectivity, particularly at low NO3- concentrations. Herein, a Cu-Pd bimetallic cathode system was designed for NO3- reduction reaction with low NO3- concentrations (≤40 mg-N L−1). In this system, a Cu nanowire array cathode was utilized for NO3- reduction, while a Pd/C particle cathode was employed for NO2- reduction with H2 generated in situ from a polypyrrole electrode. Due to the improved mass transfer and active sites derived from Pd/C particle cathode, along with the synergistic effects of NO3- reduction and NO2- reduction, the constructed Cu-Pd bimetallic cathode system achieved a 7.32-fold increase in NO3– removal rate and a 1.70-fold increase in NH4+ selectivity compared to the traditional Cu cathode. This performance surpassed that of many other state-of-the-art Cu-based cathodes under similar conditions. Moreover, the Cu-Pd bimetallic cathode system displayed high reusability, and extremely low Cu and Pd leaching. Additionally, it showed strong resistance to environmental factors and can adapt to a wide pH range (3−9) and various NO3- concentrations (10–40 mg-N L−1). The electron spin resonance and scavenger experiments confirmed that both direct electron transfer and indirect reduction by atomic H* were involved in the NO3- removal process, with indirect reduction playing a more significant role. Overall, our findings guide the design of superior catalytic systems for NO3- removal to enhance the activity and selectivity of NO3- reduction for efficient water purification.

High-performance zinc metal anode enabled by large-scale integration of superior ion transport layer

Aqueous zinc (Zn) metal battery is regarded as a promising candidate with low cost and high safety for energy storage systems at large scales. However, the destabilized Zn2+ transport at the reaction interface severely restricts the lifespan of zinc anode, and the strategies suitable for large-scale integration of the anode’s protection layer are required. Herein, an independent protective layer of Cu@CuO nanowire arrays is proposed to stabilize zinc anode with comprehensive regulation of Zn2+ transport. Through wet-chemical etching, the nanowire structure with a geometric area of 250 cm2 can be synthesized in one pot. From experimental analysis and simulation results, such a layer not only homogenizes the distribution of interfacial electric field, but also enhances Zn2+ transfer kinetics with improved ionic conductivity and increased transference number. Meanwhile, the activity of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is decreased due to the integration of this unique layer. As a result, the protected zinc anode can be stably operated at 2 mA cm−2/2 mAh cm−2, and the stable current density can further increase to 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the protective layer is featured with superior hydrophilicity, and can be feasibly utilized for large-area pouch cells, revealing the scalability and effectiveness in practical devices. This work proposes a facile protection strategy for zinc anode from the perspective of optimizing Zn2+ transport by large-scale integration of superior ion transport layer, showing great potential in high-performance zinc metal anode.

Exploration of the optical characteristics in sol-gel synthesized europium-doped zinc oxide thin films for potential optoelectronic use: a comprehensive characterization approach

Abstract In this study, we present our findings on the spin coated pure Zinc-Oxide (ZnO) nanowire arrays and Europium doped ZnO (Eu3+: ZnO) nanostructure thin films. These arrays were grown on soda lime (silica) coated glass substrate. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the structural and optical properties of the as-synthesized nanostructures. The characterization techniques included x-ray Diffraction, FESEM Analysis, Raman Spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and UV–vis Analysis. The XRD findings indicate the incorporation of Europium (Eu3+) into the ZnO crystalline lattice, potentially replacing Zn2+ ions. This doping with Europium (Eu3+) led to a reduction in crystalline size, as determined by Scherrer’s equation decreasing from 48 nm to 28 nm demonstrates a decrease in defects within the films. Raman Shift analysis revealed changes in the optical properties of films with inclusion of Europium in host matrix. Photoluminescence studies demonstrated a distinctive 5D0 to 7F2 transition arising from the Eu3+ ions, observed at approximately 612 nm. We have thoroughly examined the optical characteristics of both Europium-doped and pure ZnO thin films through a systematic study. The optical properties were assessed by analyzing the absorption spectra (220–600 nm) and transmission spectra within the wavelength range of 200 to 1200 nm. The film exhibited an impressive 80% transparency, particularly noteworthy for window layer application. The refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k) and all other associated parameters were found to be impacted by the doping of Europium. The refractive index dispersion relation has been explored using a single oscillator model. Furthermore, the non-linear optical susceptibility (χ 3) and non-linear refractive index were computed using semi-empirical relationships based on the linear optical parameters. The Europium (Eu3+) doping in ZnO led to an increase in the χ 3 value elevating it from 4.07 × 10–1° to 5.91 × 10–1° e.s.u. These findings suggest that Europium-doped ZnO nanostructures have the potential to be a promising platform for the development of efficient multispectral light-emitting diodes (LED’s) and optical devices.

Template-Confined Oriented Perovskite Nanowire Arrays Enable Polarization Detection and Imaging.

Polarized light detection can effectively identify the difference between the polarization information on the target and the background, which is of great significance for detection in complex natural environments and/or extreme weather. Generally, polarized light detection inevitably relies on anisotropic structures of photodetector devices, while organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are ideal for anisotropic patterning due to their simple and efficient preparation by solution method. Compared to patterned thin films, patterned arrays of aligned one-dimensional (1D) perovskite nanowires (PNWAs) have fewer grain boundaries and lower defect densities, making them well suited for high-performance polarization-sensitive photodetectors. Here, we fabricated PNWAs crystallographically aligned with variable line widths and alignment densities employing CD-ROM and DVD-ROM grating pattern template-confined growth (TCG) methods. The photodetectors constructed from MAPbI3 PNWAs achieved responsivity of 35.01 A/W, detectivity of 6.85 × 1013 Jones, and fast response with a rise time of 172 μs and fall time of 114 μs. They were successfully applied to high-performance polarization detection with a polarization ratio of 1.81, potentially applicable in polarized light detection systems.

Organized AlN Nanowire Arrays by Hybrid Approach of Top-Down Processing and MOVPE Overgrowth for Deep UV Emission Devices

Organized AlN Nanowire Arrays by Hybrid Approach of Top-Down Processing and MOVPE Overgrowth for Deep UV Emission Devices

High light utilization of double-layer InxGa1−xN heterojunction nanowire array photocathodes

We propose a photocathode structure based on InxGa1−xN heterojunction nanowire array to enhance solar energy utilization efficiency. Compared with single-component InGaN nanowires, heterojunction nanowires can achieve higher effective quantum efficiency through the introduction of built-in electric field. This means that it has higher actual performance than previous studies. The maximum effective quantum efficiency of 300 nm-300 nm In0.5Ga0.5N-In0.57Ga0.43N heterojunction nanowires can reach 40.8 % when the incident light is obliquely incident at an angle of 70°. In addition, the external electric field can significantly help the heterojunction nanowires maintain higher actual performance over a longer wavelength range. This research is expected to provide theoretical support for the development and performance improvement of high-performance solar photocathode.

Template-assisted electrodeposition of freestanding antimony, tin, and antimony-tin nanowire arrays from an ionic liquid

In the present study, we show the electrochemical synthesis of Sb, Sn, and Sb-Sn nanowire arrays from the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonate ([Py1,4]TfO) via templated-assisted approaches. Commercially available track etched polycarbonate template with a nominal pore diameter of 400 nm was utilized as a template. The nanowires were electrochemically deposited inside the pores of the template; then, a supporting copper layer was electrodeposited on the back side of the template. Subsequently, the template was dissolved with dichloromethane, and the structural morphology of the nanowire structures was explored by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX). Freestanding, mechanically stable nanowire arrays of Sb, Sn, and Sb-Sn with an average pore diameter of 400 nm were obtained. The charge/discharge characteristics of the electrodeposited nanowire films were investigated to explore the Li storage capacity of the fabricated electrodes. The results revealed that the electrodeposited nanowire films are promising anode candidates for the future generation of Li-ion batteries.Graphical abstract

Uniaxial Magnetization and Electrocatalytic Performance for Hydrogen Evolution on Electrodeposited Ni Nanowire Array Electrodes with Ultra-High Aspect Ratio.

Ni nanowire array electrodes with an extremely large surface area were made through an electrochemical reduction process utilizing an anodized alumina template with a pore length of 320 µm, pore diameter of 100 nm, and pore aspect ratio of 3200. The electrodeposited Ni nanowire arrays were preferentially oriented in the (111) plane regardless of the deposition potential and exhibited uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with easy magnetization in the axial direction. With respect to the magnetic properties, the squareness and coercivity of the electrodeposited Ni nanowire arrays improved up to 0.8 and 550 Oe, respectively. It was also confirmed that the magnetization reversal was suppressed by increasing the aspect ratio and the hard magnetic performance was improved. The electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution on the electrodeposited Ni nanowire arrays was also investigated and the hydrogen overvoltage was reduced down to ~0.1 V, which was almost 0.2 V lower than that on the electrodeposited Ni films. Additionally, the current density for hydrogen evolution at -1.0 V and -1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl increased up to approximately -580 A/m2 and -891 A/m2, respectively, due to the extremely large surface area of the electrodeposited Ni nanowire arrays.

Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide nanowire arrays as self-supporting catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction to ethylene

The transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanowire arrays on Cu mesh (CM) (M-Cu2O@CM, M = Fe, Co, Ni) are successfully synthesized for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to ethylene (C2H4) through the simple calcination and impregnation-exchange methods. Systematic characterizations have demonstrated that the Ni/Co doping in Cu2O@CM is conducive to stabilizing the Cu+ sites due to the electron transfer from Cu2O to Ni/Co, while the Fe doping has the opposite effect. Consequently, they show the different electrocatalytic performances of Ni-Cu2O@CM > Co-Cu2O@CM > Cu2O@CM > Fe-Cu2O@CM for CO2RR to C2H4 in an H-cell. Among them, Ni-Cu2O@CM exhibits the ∼2.0-fold faradaic efficiency for C2H4 (58.2 % vs. 28.7 %) and the ∼2.5-fold current density (−37.6 vs. −15.0 mA·cm−2) at −1.1 V vs. RHE, as compared with Cu2O@CM. Further experiments reveal that during the electrocatalytic CO2RR, the Ni-Cu2O@CM can generate more *CO, which promotes the C–C coupling reaction. The activity of Co-Cu2O@CM is lower than Ni-Cu2O@CM because of the strong adsorption of *COOH, while the Fe-Cu2O@CM even exhibits a lower activity than Cu2O@CM. This work provides an insight into the effect of transition metal-doped Cu2O array on the electrocatalytic CO2RR to C2H4 products.

3D sodiophilic mixed-ion-electron-conducting framework of hierarchical nanowire arrays for ultra-stable sodium-metal batteries

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have attracted increasing attentions as next-generation energy storage systems, regarding its high energy density and raw materials abundance. However, its practical application is impeded by the inferior reversibility of Na anode, stemmed from the non-uniform Na plating/stripping process and formation of “dead Na”. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) mixed-ion-electron-conducting scaffold (MIECS) is in-situ established by self-assembled hierarchical Cu2S nanowire arrays, which renders enhanced sodiophilicity, high surface area, and robust architecture to the current collector, thereby promoting interfacial kinetics, homogenizing Na deposition, and ensuring “top-down” dissolution. As a result, Cu2S NWs@Cu MIECS enabled Na metal anode with exceptional Coulombic efficiency as high as 99.94 % over 1600 cycles at 4 mA cm−2, as well as steady plating/stripping profile for at least 2000 h at depth of discharge of 75 %. Impressively, full-cell SMB achieves ultra-stable cycling of 2000 cycles, exhibiting capacity retention as high as 96.3 % at high cathode loading of 14.7 mg cm−2, or that of 87.8 % at 5 C, with limited Na excess (N/P = 3). The 3D sodiophilic Cu2S NWs@Cu MIECS provides a promising route to highly reversible Na metal anode for developing high-energy-density SMBs.

Room-Temperature Ferroelectric Epitaxial Nanowire Arrays with Photoluminescence.

The development of large-scale, high-quality ferroelectric semiconductor nanowire arrays with interesting light-emitting properties can address limitations in traditional wide-bandgap ferroelectrics, thus serving as building blocks for innovative device architectures and next-generation high-density optoelectronics. Here, we investigate the optical properties of ferroelectric CsGeX3 (X = Br, I) halide perovskite nanowires that are epitaxially grown on muscovite mica substrates by vapor phase deposition. Detailed structural characterizations reveal an incommensurate heteroepitaxial relationship with the mica substrate. Furthermore, photoluminescence that can be tuned from yellow-green to red emissions by varying the halide composition demonstrates that these nanowire networks can serve as platforms for future optoelectronic applications. In addition, the room-temperature ferroelectricity and ferroelectric domain structures of these nanowires are characterized using second harmonic generation (SHG) polarimetry. The combination of room-temperature ferroelectricity with photoluminescence in these nanowire arrays unlocks new avenues for the design of novel multifunctional materials.

Rational design of superaerophobic array electrode synergy enhanced by wettability engineering and doping engineering for HER catalytic performance

This article elucidates the synthesis of NiMoO4-based catalysts with different arrays and crystal structures, including nanowires (nw), nanoplates (ns), and nanocolumns (nc). Subsequently, a high-temperature phosphorization method was employed to generate the corresponding P-NiMoO4 catalysts. The study investigates the structural evolution of the catalysts and changes in the active species under operational conditions. Concurrently, density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide a more in-depth description of the HER reaction mechanism, considering d-band centers and adsorption energies. Experimental results demonstrate that phosphorized NiMoO4 with a nanowire array structure and crystal structures of NiMoO4 and MoO3 exhibit the optimal HER performance, displaying superhydrophilic and underwater superaerophobic behaviors. The hydrophilic contact angle is 0°, and the aerophobic contact angle is 156.8° This array electrode achieves a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 at an overpotential as low as 73.97 mV. The experiments indicate that through doping and morphology control engineering, catalytic performance can be further synergistically enhanced, providing a new perspective for preparing HER catalytic electrodes with potential applications.

Imaging the mechanical properties of nanowire arrays

Abstract Dimensional and contact resonance (CR) images of nanowire (NW) arrays (NWAs) are measured using our newly developed microprobe CR imaging (CRI) setup. Then a reference method is employed to calculate the indentation modulus of NWs (M i,NW ) representing the elasticity of NWs, by measuring NWAs and reference samples at the same static probing force. Furthermore, topography is imaged in combination with CR and M i,NW separately by software, in which the z values indicate the topography of the NWs and the color bars show its CR or M i,NW . Then NWs’ topography relation to M i,NW is visualized. As typical examples, 3D imaging of topography and measurement of M i,NW is performed with Si<111> pillar arrays as well as Cu and ZnO NWAs. The novel method enables fast mechanical performance measurements of large-scale vertically-aligned NWAs without releasing them from their respective substrates. For instance, the diameter and pitch of the Si<111> pillars and the diameter of the Cu NWAs are in good agreement with the values measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The position of ZnO NWs bunches grown at arbitrary sites on silicon can be identified with the help of combined topography and indentation modulus images. Furthermore, M i,NW measured by our homemade CRI setup agrees well with bulk values. Differences between the measured M i,NW and bulk M i values may be related to a size effect in NW elasticity.