Nanotube Nanocomposites Research Articles

Investigation of efficient adsorption-electrochemical degradation performance of ZIF-8/MWCNTs nanocomposites toward 2,4-dichlorophenol

The highly toxic and recalcitrant organic pollutant, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), is commonly found in wastewater. Therefore, it is critical to investigate novel techniques for the efficient removal of 2,4-DCP from wastewater. The present study employed a one-step synthesis method to fabricate ZIF-8/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ZIF-8/MWCNTs) nanocomposites with well-defined mesoporous structures, which were subsequently coated onto carbon cloth (CC) to form the anode ZIF-8/MWCNTs/CC. Subsequently, the adsorption performance of ZIF-8/MWCNTs toward 2,4-DCP and the adsorption-electrochemical degradation performance of ZIF-8/MWCNTs/CC toward 2,4-DCP were investigated. ZIF-8/MWCNTs exhibit exceptional adsorption capacity and rate toward the 2,4-DCP. At 303 K, it achieved a saturated adsorption amount as high as 1056.78 mg·g−1 within only 30 min of reaching equilibrium. Moreover, when coated on CC substrates, the internal pore structure of ZIF-8/MWCNTs is effectively exploited during the adsorption. In addition, the incorporation of MWCNTs enhances the conductivity of the ZIF-8/MWCNTs/CC electrodes, leading to reduced resistance and improved electron transfer rate. Notably, ZIF-8/MWCNTs/CC enabled complete removal of a 25 mg·L-1 solution of 2,4-DCP within only 90 min and a 50 mg · L-1 solution within 120 min. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism of 2,4-DCP was analyzed by means of DFT modeling theoretical calculations and intermediate product determination analysis, while evaluating the toxicity of the generated material was evaluated. This study provides improved solutions and strategies for the treatment of chlorophenolic compound pollution in wastewater.

Tensile modulus of polymer halloysite nanotubes nanocomposites assuming stress transferring through an imperfect interphase

In this work, Hui-Shia model is developed to reveal the efficiency of a deficient interphase on the tensile modulus of polymer halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposites. “Lc” as essential HNT length providing full stress transferring is defined and effective HNT size, effective HNT concentration, and efficiency of stress transferring (Q) are expressed by “Lc”. Furthermore, the influences of all terms on the “Q” and nanocomposite’s modulus are clarified, and also the calculations of the model are linked to the tested data of some nanocomposites. Original Hui-Shia model overpredicts the moduli, but the innovative model’s predictions appropriately fit the measured data. Lc = 200 nm maximizes the sample’s modulus to 2.6 GPa, but the modulus reduces to 2.11 GPa at Lc = 700 nm. Therefore, there is a reverse relation between the sample’s modulus and “Lc”. Q = 0.5 produces the system’s modulus of 2.1 GPa, while the modulus of 2.35 GPa is achieved at Q = 1 providing a direct relation between the nanocomposite’s modulus and “Q”. Generally, narrow and big HNTs, along with a low “Lc”, enhance the “Q”, because a lower “Lc”, reveals a tougher interphase improving the stress transferring.

Machine learning for nano-level defect detection in aligned random carbon nanotubes-reinforced electrically conductive nanocomposite

Machine learning allows fast nano-scale defect detection in polymer-impregnated aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites. Digital twins were populated by TEM-validated geometry; considered defects were flat cracks and close-to-spherical voids. Finite-element analysis of piezoresistive response was conducted by embedment of CNT network into matrix. Identification of a defect by change in CNT network piezoresistivity was challenged by: (1) randomness of CNTs’ shapes and placement, ML training happened on random realisations; (2) high strength of CNTs leading to the preservation of conductive paths along CNTs and changes only in conductivities of tunnelling contacts. “Artificial approximation“ was introduced to economise computer time multi-fold: ML was trained on cases with artificially degraded tunnelling conductivities within the defect. Three ML models: XGBoost, fully connected, and convolution neural networks were employed. All models managed the task for near-spherical voids, but performed poorly for flat cracks, due to the limited number of tunnelling contacts in crack volume. When trained on the mixed set of voids and cracks, both neural networks demonstrated the ability to learn the difference and detected even cracks, while XGBoost was not up to the challenge. By metrics, the convolutional neural network demonstrated the highest accuracy of predictions.

Efficient sensitive detection of nitrite with Binary Y/Fe-modified multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite by electrochemical approaches

Low-dimensional metal nanoparticles (MNPs) intercalated with three-dimensional multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) materials may be combined to produce new nanocomposites for enhancing their chemical, structural, and morphological features. These composites have interesting physical and chemical characteristics that can be used in electrochemical sensing systems that work significantly well. This research presents a new method for detecting nitrite using an electrochemical sensor that utilizes a flat-electrode made of GCE fabricated by nanocomposite of MWCNTs intercalated with yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) as Y/Fe-MWCNT at higher temperature. FT-IR, UV–vis., SEM, powder XRD, EDS, BET, and TEM were significantly used to characterize in detail the nanocomposite after its preparation by the solid-state chemical approach. Using CV, LSV, and EIS techniques, the electrochemical attributes of both the bare and Y/Fe-MWCNT fabricated electrodes (with the help of 5 % Nafion as conducting coating binder) were investigated. In addition, the linear relationship between nitrite concentration and peak current of LSV was seen between 1.0 and 1.6 M, with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.027 M. When compared to modified electrodes with nitrite, the electrocatalytic behavior of the nanocomposite electrode is enhanced significantly. At applied potential window of −0.1 to +1.8 V, the Y/Fe-MWCNT sensor shows good selectivity even when there are a lot of interfering chemicals and metal ions. In addition, different PBS electrolyte solutions with pH values ranging from 6.5 to 8 were used to study the prepared sensor. The standard addition method was employed to detect the unidentified nitrite concentration in various real samples including sea water, industrial wastewater, and well water. It introduced a new route for the development of noble sensor probe with nanocomposite materials by electrochemical approach for the safety of environmental and health care field in a broad scale.

Dependence of photocatalytic efficiency of titania-carbon nanotube nanocomposites on optoelectrical properties and colloidal stability

The correlation of photocatalytic efficiency of titania–amorphous (nitrogen doped) carbon nanotubes (TiO2–a(N)CNT) nanocomposites with colloidal and optoelectrical properties of the photocatalysts was investigated. TiO2–aNCNT and TiO2–aCNT exhibited narrow zeta potential variation, high polydispersity index, and large agglomerate size across the pH range 1–8. Despite the poor colloidal stability, TiO2–aNCNT exhibited superior degradation for high molecular weight reactive dyes, RR 120 and Remazol brilliant blue (RBB) with 55 mg.L−1 of RR 120 mineralized under solar irradiation. The photocatalytic performance for TiO2–aNCNT and TiO2–aCNT correlated with the respective energy band gaps 3.01 and 3.14 eV, Ubarch tailing energies. Cyclic voltammetry showed a narrow peak-to-peak separation (ΔEp) of 200.7 V (vs Ag/AgCl) for TiO2–aNCNT thus confirming enhanced electron transfer kinetics. Electron impedance spectroscopy confirmed low charge transfer resistance for TiO2–aNCNT. Herein it is demonstrated that optoelectrical properties are superior in driving photocatalytic reactions.

Copper and nickel hexacyanoferrates/carbon nanotube nanocomposites thin films as high-performance light cathode materials for aqueous sodium-ion batteries

Aqueous rechargeable Na-ion batteries are gaining popularity as an attractive alternative for energy storage systems due to their low cost, wide range of raw material sources, non-flammability, and ultrahigh ionic conductivity. Currently, Because of their three-dimensional open structure, high specific capacity, and inexpensive cost, Prussian blue analogues are being investigated as electrode materials for electrochemistry. In this work, we present an innovative strategy to create novel two-component nanoarchitected thin films that exhibit exceptional performance as cathodes in aqueous sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). By leveraging the versatility of the liquid-liquid interfacial method, we have prepared two distinct transparent nanocomposite films composed of carbon nanotubes and either copper or nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles. The results show that the NiHCF/CNT and CuHCF/CNT deliver a high specific capacity of 152 mA h g−1 and 135 mA h g−1, respectively, at a high current density of 1 A g−1. Moreover, the cells (rGO//NiHCF and rGO//CuHCF) show that the energy density of the battery can reach up to 7.75 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 27.92 W kg−1 for rGO//NiHCF/CNT, while rGO//CuHCF/CNT showed an energy density of 3.67 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 13.21 W kg−1. The results demonstrate that NiHCF/CNT and CuHCF/CNT nanocomposite films provide new insight into the design of high-performance PBA cathodes.

Tailoring molecularly imprinted polymer on titanium-multiwalled carbon nanotube functionalized gold electrode for enhanced chlorophyll determination in microalgae health assessment.

A unique method for determining chlorophyll content in microalgae isdevised employing a gold interdigitated electrode (G-IDE) with a 10-µm gap, augmented by a nano-molecularly imprinted polymer (nano-MIP) and a titanium dioxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube (TiO2/MWCNT) nanocomposite. The nano-MIP, produced using chlorophyll template voids, successfully trapped chlorophyll, while the TiO2/MWCNT nanocomposite, synthesized by the sol-gel technique, exhibited a consistent distribution and anatase crystalline structure. The rebinding of procured chlorophyll powder, which was used as a template for nano-MIP synthesis, was identified with a high determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9857). By combining the TiO2/MWCNT nanocomposite with nano-MIP, the G-IDE sensing method achieved a slightly betterR2 value of 0.9892 for detecting chlorophyll in microalgae. The presented G-IDE sensor showed a significant threefold enhancement in chlorophyll detection compared withcommercially available chlorophyll powder. It had a detection limit of 0.917mL(v/v) and a linear range that spanned from10-6to 1mL. The effectiveness of the sensor in detecting chlorophyll in microalgae was confirmed through validation of its repeatability and reusability.

PVA/titanate nanotube nanocomposites: Evaluating the required structural properties for their performance as macromolecule delivery systems

AbstractBiopolymer‐based nanocomposites are gaining prominence in the fabrication of biomedical devices, with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) being widely used in smart dressings for drug and protein integration. This study introduces electrospun mats composed of partially hydrolyzed PVA and sodium titanate nanotubes (TiNTs). The investigation involved mats with TiNT concentrations ranging from 0% to 5% at room temperature. The morphological and structural changes resulting from adding TiNTs were examined in detail. The inclusion of TiNTs impacted parameters such as mean fiber diameter (130–190 nm), crystallinity degree (30–50%), and porosity (70–55%) and was closely associated with the viscoelastic properties of the mats. Higher TiNT concentrations led to reductions in either the storage modulus, from 350 to 220 MPa, or in the loss modulus, from 30 to 25 MPa, unveiling an increase in tenacity. Furthermore, in vitro release tests were conducted using bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Franz cells over 48 h. The results indicated that release profiles were best fitted by the Higuchi model (0.95 > R2 > 0.99) for both PVA mats (0% and 5.0% TiNTs), with the 5% TiNTs‐PVA membrane demonstrating greater BSA diffusion when compared to pure PVA. The release constant 𝐾rel, representing the rate of drug diffusion, was found to be 0.006 for 5% TiNT‐PVA mats and 0.002 μg h‐1/2 for pure PVA, respectively. These results suggest the potential of these materials in designing controlled transdermal delivery systems that could significantly improve the efficacy and safety of drug applications.

Deep-Learning-Based Blood Glucose Detection Device Using Acetone Exhaled Breath Sensing Features of α-Fe2O3-MWCNT Nanocomposites.

Owing to the correlation between acetone in human's exhaled breath (EB) and blood glucose, the development of EB acetone gas-sensing devices is important for early diagnosis of diabetes diseases. In this article, a noninvasive blood glucose detection device through acetone sensing in EB, based on an α-Fe2O3-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite, was successfully developed. Different amounts of α-Fe2O3 were added to the MWCNTs by a simple solution method. The optimized acetone gas sensor showed a response of 5.15 to 10 ppm acetone gas at 200 °C. Also, the fabricated sensor showed very good sensing properties even in an atmosphere with high relative humidity. Since the EB has high humidity, the proposed sensor is a promising device to exactly detect the amount of acetone in EB with high humidity. The sensor was powered by a 3200 mAh battery with the possibility of charging using mains electricity. To increase the reliability and calibration of the sensing device, a practical test was taken to detect acetone EB from 50 volunteers, and a deep learning algorithm (DLA) was used to detect the effect of various factors on the amount of acetone in each person's acetone EB. The proposed device with ±15 errors had almost 85% correct responses. Also, the proposed device had excellent response, short response time, good selectivity, and good repeatability, leading it to be a suitable candidate for noninvasive blood glucose sensing.

Two models for wave propagation in polymer/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites: network phenomena/generalized continuum mechanics

In the modeling of polymer/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites, it is essential to include the influences of halloysite nanotube/interphase network because this type of reinforcement creates networks after percolation onset. Besides, it has been proven by experimental tests and theoretical simulations that classical continuum theories are unable to study some nano-sized problems. In the present paper, considering the above facts, new research is done on wave propagation in the polymer/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites while considering the halloysite nanotube/interphase network and generalized continuum mechanics instead of classical continuum theories. In this article, two different models are used to study the effects of halloysite nanotube/interphase network and the length scale parameters on wave behaviors. The results for several different cases are compared and validated with experimental and theoretical results. As far as the authors of the present article know, this is the first time that the combination of these two interesting topics is studied, which can have its points.

Atomic layer deposition of NiO-Coated CNT nanocomposites: Tailoring electrochemical properties for salivary lactate detection

NiO-coated stacked-cut carbon nanotubes (NiO/SCCNT) nanocomposites were synthesized via atomic layer deposition (ALD), coating the CNT core walls with a shell of NiO at different thickness varying NiO ALD cycles (0, 50, 200, and 700). The as-prepared core–shell composite nanomaterials were applied as electrode materials for modifying screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) for the non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of lactate (LA). Electrochemical tests performed by CV and EIS demonstrated the reduced charge transfer resistance in NiO(x)/CNT-SPCE compared to pristine CNT-SPCE configuration, and the pronounced dependence of electrochemical behavior on NiO coating thickness. Notably, the NiO/CNT composite with 200 ALD cycles exhibited superior electrochemical properties for the electrooxidation of lactate. The developed sensor showed high sensitivity to LA, (138.44 µA mM−1 cm−2 in the 0–4 mM range). The limit of detection (LOD) values stood at 0.067 mM (considering the signal-to-noise ratio of S/N=3). The sensor showcased several advantages including a conductive supporting carbon material, impressive sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility, thereby enabling rapid and precise lactate quantification in salivary real samples.

An efficient voltammetric sensing platform for trace determination of Norfloxacin based on nanoplate-like α-zirconium phosphate/carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

Norfloxacin (NOR) residues pose a potential threat to our health and ecosystem, so it is highly urgent to develop a simple but accurate method for NOR determination. Therefore, an efficient voltammetric sensing platform was constructed for trace detection of NOR based on nanoplate-like α-zirconium phosphate/carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (α-ZrP/CMWCNT). The physiochemical characteristics of α-ZrP/CMWCNT were scrutinized using various microscopic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical means. In order to pursuit higher voltammetric responses, detection conditions of NOR such as accumulation potential, accumulation time and buffer pH, were explored comprehensibly. The α-ZrP/CMWCNT enlarged the electrochemically active surface area and lowered the charge transfer resistance. Owing to the synergistic interactions between nanoplate-like α-ZrP NPs and CMWCNTs, the α-ZrP/CMWCNT boosted the voltammetric response signals and reduced the over-potential of NOR. Consequently, the α-ZrP/CMWCNT demonstrated remarkably catalytic activity for NOR electrooxidation, with two broad linear detection ranges (0.01–0.1 μM; 0.1–10.0 μM) and a low detection limit (2.8 nM). The α-ZrP/CMWCNT modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibited strong anti-interfering ability even in excess of other antibiotics and common metal ions, and maintained robust response peaks up to two weeks. The α-ZrP/CMWCNT/GCE realized accurate determination of NOR from complicated matrices at trace levels with good recoveries (99.00–104.40 %).

Enhancing ammonia decomposition in ammonium hydroxide/diesel emulsion through hybrid nanocomposite and optimization for improved and greener combustion

In this study, a hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized to intensify ammonia decomposition in ammonium hydroxide (AH) emulsified diesel fuel. The optimal concentrations of AH and zinc oxide/carbon nanotube (ZnO/CNT) nanocomposite in diesel fuel were evaluated using response surface methodology for effectual and greener combustion. The range of AH concentration was varied from 10 % to 30 %, and ZnO/CNT nanocomposite concentration ranged from 50 ppm to 150 ppm in diesel fuel. Validation experiments were performed to confirm the optimized parameters’ competence compared to regular diesel fuel (RDF). Fourier Transform Infrared and X-ray Diffraction analyses verified successful ZnO/CNT nanocomposite synthesis with desired structural and chemical properties. Optimization results indicated that an 17.2 % volume concentration of AH and 82.3 ppm of ZnO/CNT nanocomposite in RDF yielded efficient combustion with reduced emissions. Validation results showed that the inclusion of 17 % AH in RDF decreased engine brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 11.1 % and increased brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions by 11.3 %, 9.1 %, 9.9 %, and 3 %, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of the nanocomposite (82.3 ppm) enhanced BTE by 10.1 % and reduced BSFC, HC, CO, and NOx emissions by 6.9 %, 6.2 %, 6.9 %, and 5.9 %, respectively. The advancements in fuel additives, such as ZnO/CNT nanocomposites in AH emulsified diesel fuel, have the potential to create more fuel-efficient and cleaner diesel engines. These improvements can significantly contribute to sustainable energy solutions.

Development and characterization of UV‐curable PCL/AESO/CNT nanocomposites for biomedical engineering

AbstractThis study investigates the development and characterization of UV‐curable Poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil (AESO), and Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposites for biomedical engineering applications. The PCL/AESO blends were prepared in various ratios, and CNTs were incorporated at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% to enhance mechanical properties. The UV‐curable formulations aimed to leverage rapid curing times, precise control over material properties, and the ability to fabricate complex structures. Results indicated that the incorporation of CNTs improved the tensile strength, modulus, and toughness of the composites. The PCL/AESO/CNT nanocomposites exhibited a tensile strength increase of 25%, a modulus improvement of 30%, and a toughness enhancement of 20% compared to pure PCL. Thermal analysis showed an increase in crystallization temperature and thermal stability, with a crystallinity degree of 63.31% and a maximum degradation temperature of 407°C for the B/C 50/50/1.5 sample. Biocompatibility assessments using L929 fibroblast cells revealed that the composites supported cell viability and proliferation over 7 days with negligible cytotoxicity. Cell attachment studies indicated favorable morphology and adherence, suggesting a conducive environment for cell growth and differentiation. Hydrolytic biodegradation studies demonstrated adjustable degradation rates, making these composites suitable for various biomedical applications requiring controlled biodegradation.

Novel application of carbon nanotube electrodes for electrochemical detection of amino acids in athlete’s biological samples

Understanding different physiological processes and spotting any health problems, especially in athletes, depend on tracking the quantities of amino acids in biological samples. This study looked at the creation of a unique electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and targeted identification of the necessary amino acid methionine in biological materials. Based on a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface, the sensor incorporated a tungsten disulfide (WS2) and carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite. The improved electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of this material combination towards methionine oxidation led to its selection. The sensor that was created showed remarkable selectivity for methionine over other amino acids, along with a wide linear range of 5–1475 μM and a low detection limit of 10 nM. A relative standard deviation of 3.62 % was obtained across ten consecutive measurements, confirming the sensor's repeatability. The practical use of the CNTs-WS2/GCE sensor was verified by the detection of MTN in human blood serum, urine, and food samples. The recovery values ranged from 93.00 % to 99.40 %, and the relative standard deviation was less than 4.71 %. Based on these findings, we believe that our new CNTs-WS2/GCE sensor holds great potential for quick and precise methionine identification in biological samples from athletes.

Mussel-Inspired Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite for Methyl Orange Removal: Adsorption and Regeneration Behaviors.

A mussel-inspired multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite (MWCNTs@CCh-PEI) was prepared by the co-deposition of catechol (CCh)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) and modification of MWCNTs for the efficient removal of methyl orange (MO). The effects of MO solution pH, contact time, initial MO concentration, and temperature on the adsorption capacity of MWCNTs@CCh-PEI were investigated. The results indicate that the adsorption capacity of MWCNTs@CCh-PEI was two times higher than that of pristine MWCNTs under the same conditions. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that the adsorption process was chemisorption. The adsorption isotherm shows that the experimental data were fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9873, indicating that the adsorption process was monolayer adsorption. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity was determined to be 400.00 mg·g-1. The adsorption thermodynamic data show that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. More importantly, the adsorption capacity of MWCNTs@CCh-PEI showed no significant decrease after eight reuse cycles. These results demonstrate that MWCNTs@CCh-PEI is expected to be an economical and efficient adsorbent for MO removal.

Application of ultrasonic radiation for the development of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites and its effect on the PP chemical degradation

Application of ultrasonic radiation for the development of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites and its effect on the PP chemical degradation

In Vivo Detection of Abscisic Acid in Tomato Leaves Based on a Disposable Stainless Steel Electrochemical Immunosensor.

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important regulatory role in plants. It is very critical to obtain the dynamic changes of ABA in situ for botanical research. Herein, coupled with paper-based analysis devices, electrochemical immunoelectrodes based on disposable stainless steels sheet were developed for ABA detection in plants in situ. The stainless steel sheets were modified with carbon cement, ferrocene-graphene oxide-multi walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites, and ABA antibodies. The system can detect the ABA in the range of 1 nM to 100 μM, with a limit of detection of 100 pM. The ABA content in tomato leaves under high salinity was detected in situ. The trend of ABA changes was similar to the expression of SlNCED1 and SlNCED2. Overall, this study offers an approach for in situ detection of ABA in plants, which will help to study the regulation mechanism of ABA in plants and to promote the development of precision agriculture.

A Biosensor for Simultaneous Detection of Epinephrine and Ascorbic Acid Based on Fe(III)-Polyhistidine-Functionalized Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube Composites.

Epinephrine (EP) is a very important chemical transmitter in the transmission of nerve impulses in the central nervous system of mammals. Ascorbic acid (AA) is considered to be the most important extracellular fluid antioxidant and has important antioxidant properties in the cell. In this study, a series of transition metal-polyhistidine-carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotube nanocomposites were synthesized, and their simultaneous catalytic effects on epinephrine and ascorbic acid were investigated. The results showed that nanocomposites based on iron ions had the highest catalytic activity. The prepared biosensor expressed high selectivity toward EP and AA with LOD values of 0.1 μΜ (AA) and 0.01 μΜ (EP), and sensitivity values of 4.18 μA mM-1 with a range of 0.001-5 mM (AA), 50.98 μA mM-1 with a range of 0.2-100 μM (EP), and 265.75 μA mM-1 with a range of 0.1-1.0 mM (EP). Moreover, it showed good stability, good repeatability and high selectivity in real sample detection. This work is a reference for the design of new electrochemical enzyme-free biosensors and the detection of biomarkers.

π-π Stacked Nigrosine@Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite as an All-in-One Additive for High Energy Flexible Batteries.

The pursuit of high energy density in lithium batteries has driven the development of efficient electrodes with low levels of inactive components. Herein, a facile approach involving the use of π-π stacked nigrosine@carbon nanotube nanocomposites as an all-in-one additive for a LiFePO4 cathode has been developed. This design significantly reduces the proportion of inactive substances within the cathode, resulting in a battery that exhibits a high specific capacity of 143 mAh g-1 at a 1 C rate and shows commendable cyclic performance. Furthermore, the elimination of rigid current collectors endows the electrode with flexibility, offering avenues for future wearable energy storage devices.