Nano Titanium Research Articles

Distinct profiles of oxylipid mediators in liver, lung, and placenta after maternal nano-TiO2 nanoparticle inhalation exposure.

Nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) is a widely used nanomaterial found in several industrial and consumer products, including surface coatings, paints, sunscreens and cosmetics, among others. Studies have linked gestational exposure to nano-TiO2 with negative maternal and fetal health outcomes. For example, maternal pulmonary exposure to nano-TiO2 during gestation has been associated not only with maternal, but also fetal microvascular dysfunction in a rat model. One mediator of this altered vascular reactivity and inflammation is oxylipid signaling. Oxylipids are formed from dietary lipids through several enzyme-controlled pathways as well as through oxidation by reactive oxygen species. Oxylipids have been linked to control of vascular tone, inflammation, pain and other physiological and disease processes. In this study, we use a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS based analysis to probe the global oxylipid response in liver, lung, and placenta of pregnant rats exposed to nano-TiO2 aerosols. Each organ presented distinct patterns in oxylipid signaling, as assessed by principal component and hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis. In general, pro-inflammatory mediators, such as 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (1.6 fold change) were elevated in the liver, while in the lung, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators such as 17-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid (1.4 fold change) were elevated. In the placenta the levels of oxylipid mediators were generally decreased, both inflammatory (e.g. PGE2, 0.52 fold change) and anti-inflammatory (e.g. Leukotriene B4, 0.49 fold change). This study, the first to quantitate the levels of these oxylipids simultaneously after nano-TiO2 exposure, shows the complex interplay of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators from multiple lipid classes and highlights the limitations of monitoring the levels of oxylipid mediators in isolation.

Synthesis of camphene by α-pinene isomerization using acid nano titanium dioxide catalysts

In this study, we investigated the application of an acidic titanium dioxide catalyst in fixed bed reactors for the isomerization of α-pinenes.

Impact of nano-titanium dioxide extracted from food products on Caco-2 cells using three-phase digestion model

This work implicates Zn-mediated cellular processes in the mechanism of toxicological action of TiO2 nanoparticles. Improved understanding of mechanism of toxicological action will inform more proportionate and precautionary regulatory approaches.

Research Progress on Powder Injection Molding in Malaysia-A Review

In this era, parts complexity, dimensional accuracy, and cost-effectiveness are one of thebasic requirements of the modern industry. Most of the conventional manufacturingtechniques have failed to fulfill the industry’s needs. Powder injection molding (PIM) startedin the early 70s, which is a combination of powder metallurgy and plastic injection moldingthat fulfills the gaps in conventional manufacturing techniques. In Malaysia, PIM wasintroduced by SIRIM Sdn Bhd Malaysia in late 2000. The latter few universities startedworking on PIM. Among all universities, the Advanced Functional Materials Research(AFM) group at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) started to work in 2008 under thedirection of Prof. F. Ahmad and was decided to target various industries and their latestrequirements. The work completed during the past 11 years has been published in varioushigh-quality international journals, secure intellectual property (IP), i.e., trademarks, patents,a pre-commercialization grant from the government, one commercialization agreement, andsigned a technology licensing agreement. They also worked on carbon Nanotube reinforcedcopper nanocomposite for thermal management and secured two patents. This project wascommercialized for heat sink materials for LED Lights. The group is also working oncontrolling the orientation of fibers in the metal matrix to enhance thermal conductivity.Moreover, grafting graphene on metal oxide for its potential use as a radiation shieldingmaterial is one of the noble works. Currently, the group is working on the fabrication of softmagnetic material with enhanced permeability for potential use in hearing Aids, electricmotors, and several other applications. Besides, bio-medical parts like a dental screw, biomedical material of 316L SS reinforced by nano Titanium and additive manufacturing byusing ultra-fused BASF 316L SS parts made through FDM represent the scope of works inPIM.

Effect on workability and compressive strength of M40 grade of concrete by partial replacement of cement by Nano Tio2

TiO2 is one of the most often used pigment ingredients in paints due to its many benefits. TiO2 can be used as a filler material in concrete to fill in cracks, voids, fissures, bleeding channels, and other gaps, hence increasing the concrete's strength. The goal of the current work is to examine how well M40 grade high strength concrete performs when nanomaterials are used. This has been done by partially substituting nano titanium dioxide (tio2) for cement (varying from 0.5% to 2%). By performing the slump cone test and the compaction factor test, it was possible to compare the workability of M40 grade concrete with and without the addition of nano tio2. Finally, compression, split tensile, and flexural tests have been used to assess the strength properties of both types of concrete.

Representative Inorganic Nanomaterials and Liposomes in Cosmetics

Nanomaterials are defined as materials ranging from 1nm to 100nm in at least one dimension or with internal nanostructures in bulk materials but showing distinct properties. Since the 20th century, when the feasibility of nanotechnology had been attested, nanomaterials’ applications have radiated to various fields involving electronics, physics, chemistry, processing, biology, and measurement. Moreover, inspired by the physicochemical properties and targeted effects of nanomaterials in therapy and medicine, the anticipated applications in cosmetics are well-developed. Herein, the transparency and enhanced absorption of nano titanium dioxide/zinc oxide, the antibacterial property of nanosilver/nanogold, and the stability, increased penetration, and biocompatibility of liposomes in cosmetics are summarized. Besides, the existing problems such as security assessment, elevatable loading efficiency, and usage are classified. Particularly, the focus is on the mechanism of liposomes, preparation, routes of penetration, and liposome-cell interactions. This article intended better to understand the principles of nanomaterials behind cosmetic applications and get alerted to the inconclusive security.

Improved Hemocompatibility on Superhemophobic Micro-Nano-Structured Titanium Surfaces.

Blood-contacting titanium-based implants such as endovascular stents and heart valve casings are prone to blood clotting due to improper interactions at the surface level. In complement, the current clinical demand for cardiovascular implants is at a new apex. Hence, there is a crucial necessity to fabricate an implant with optimal mechanical properties and improved blood compatibility, while simultaneously interacting differentially with cells and other microbial agents. The present study intends to develop a superhydrophobic implant surface with the novel micro-nano topography, developed using a facile thermochemical process. The surface topography, apparent contact angle, and crystal structure are characterized on different surfaces. The hemo/blood compatibility on different surfaces is assessed by evaluating hemolysis, fibrinogen adsorption, cell adhesion and identification, thrombin generation, complement activation, and whole blood clotting kinetics. The results indicate that the super-hemo/hydrophobic micro-nano titanium surface improved hemocompatibility by significantly reducing fibrinogen adsorption, platelet adhesion, and leukocyte adhesion. Thus, the developed surface has high potential to be used as an implant. Further studies are directed towards analyzing the mechanisms causing the improved hemocompatibility of micro/nano surface features under dynamic in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Nanomaterials in geopolymer composites: A review

Nanomaterials (NMs) are being used to enhance the properties of construction materials. This review focuses on the use of NMs to improve the characteristics of fresh and hardened Geopolymer Composites (GC). Over 335 research publications are reviewed to detail the benefits and drawbacks of the integration of NMs in GC. More specifically, this review outlines the effects of numerous NMs such as Nano Silica (NS), Nano Alumina (NA), Nano Titanium dioxide (NT), Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT), Multiwall Carbon Nano Tubes (MCNT), Nano Calcium Carbonate (NCC), Nano Zinc oxide (NZ), Graphene Oxide (GO), Nano Metakaolin (NMK), Nano Fly Ash (NFA), Nano Glass Powder (NGP) and Nano-clay(NC) on Geo-polymer Paste (GPP), Geo-polymer Mortar (GPM) and Geo-polymer Concrete (GPC). The presence of NMs was found to enhance the geo-polymerization reaction and result in a denser matrix. The presence of NMs also enhances the durability of GC by preventing micro-pores interconnectivity. In hindsight, our review indicates that the addition of NMs is directly tied to producing high-performance GC, which the construction industry can effectively readily adopt. Additional insights, challenges, and future research directions are identified and discussed toward the end of this review.

Assessing the individual impact of magnesia and titania nano- particles on the performance of alkali-activated slag mortars

The present investigation aims to evaluate the impact of prepared magnesia nanoparticles (MNP) and titania nanoparticles (TNP) on engineering properties of Alkali Activated Cements (AAC) based on granulated blast-furnace slags (GFS). Either MNP or TNP was incorporated to Alkali Activated Slags Matrices AASMs (Paste or Mortar) with different ratios (0, 1, 3 and 5 wt%). Fresh and hardened properties of AAC-GFS with or without nanoparticles were evaluated. The results revealed that both MNP and TNP have a positive impact on the physicomechanical properties: compressive strength, flexural strength, setting times, dry shrinkage, total porosity and flow rate. Complementary, the M3-MNP (containing 3 wt% MNP) and M1-TNP (containing 1 wt% TNP) mixes revealed the highest mechanical strengths, in addition to a significantly reduction in drying shrinkage, total porosity and flow rate and lower setting times comparing to control samples. Compressive strength for specimens cured at 25 °C and 70 % RH for 30 days increased by 25.7 % and 21.1 %, while flexural strength significantly enhanced by 51.7 % and 47.1 % for mixes incorporating 3 wt% MNP and 1 wt% TNP respectively compared with control specimens (without nanoparticles). Maximum reduction in drying shrinkage reaches 60 % and 70 % for mixes incorporating 3 wt% MNP and 1 wt% TNP respectively compared with control specimens up to 180-days of curing and 70 % RH. This fact can be due to the synergistic formation of CSH gel in parallel with hydrotalcite CH24O23Mg6Al2 (Hct), CTiSH and C4TiH13 phases, which have a potential impact on the performance of geopolymerization system.

Investigation of Compression and Hardness for UHMWPE Bio-composites as Internal Bone Plate Fixation

Bone plates are essential for bone fracture healing because they modify the biomechanical microenvironment at the fracture site to provide the necessary mechanical fixation for fracture fragments. This paper addresses the use of composite bone plates in healing long-bone fractures such as transverse fractures of the femur. However, stress shielding in the bone due to metal plates can be reduced by designing implants with Bio-composites that involve Ultra high molecular polyethylene reinforced (UHMWPE) with Nano hydroxyapatite (n-HA) and Nano titanium dioxide (n-TiO2) particles at different weight fraction (0,1.5,2.5,3.5and 4. 5%) and 5% of carbon and Kevlar fibers. FRIT spectrum was used to identify the incorporation between the matrix and Nano particles, and the shifting in main peaks confirmed the good cross-linking within the composite structure. The specimens thus prepared were subjected to a compression test, hardness test, and density. The results indicated that UHMWPE+4.5%n-HA+CF hybrid biocomposite has the highest compressive strength and hardness properties. In contrast, UHMWPE+4.5%TiO2+CF has the highest density, which increased with increasing percentages of weight fraction of Nano-particles, where the compression strength 53 MPa, hardness property ranges 65.6 shore D, and density 1.09 (g/cm3). According to the current study's findings, it is possible to create bio-composites as internal fixation device with improved performance by placing different fiber reinforcements.

The Application of nanotechnology in criminology and forensic Sciences

Nanotechnology is a new discipline of research that has many advances. Due to their properties,nanostructures are involved in revealing many pieces of evidence and cases. Nanostructures play an important part in forensic study and criminology. It is evident that gold and silver nanostructures are greatly used in fingerprint detection. However different nano techniques are employed to detect trace materials from the crime scene. Fragmentation of DNA, amplification, and cooperation is taken place by using nanoparticles with the help of the PCR technique. Nanostructures can act as sensors for a variety of chemical and biological components, including explosives, according to contemporary studies on nanomaterial research and development. Nano-gold (Au-NPs), nano-silver, and nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles along with capillary electrophoresis, SEM, TEM, and FTIR are used in forensic toxicology. Inculcation of nanostructures in saliva and nerve agent detection is also observed. In the realm of forensic science, nanotechnology is projected to play a significant role in the future by bringing more specialized and sensitive methods of case detection and revelation, as well as flawless evidence. In this review article, all the aspects where nanostructures are applied in forensic sciences are studied in detail.

The Application of nanotechnology in criminology and forensic Sciences

Nanotechnology is a new discipline of research that has many advances. Due to their properties, nanostructures are involved in revealing many pieces of evidence and cases. Nanostructures play an important part in forensic study and criminology. It is evident that gold and silver nanostructures are greatly used in fingerprint detection. However different nano techniques are employed to detect trace materials from the crime scene. Fragmentation of DNA, amplification, and cooperation are taken place by using nanoparticles with the help of the PCR technique. Nanostructures can act as sensors for a variety of chemical and biological components, including explosives, according to contemporary studies on nanomaterial research and development. Nano-gold (Au-NPs), nano-silver, and nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles along with capillary electrophoresis, SEM, TEM, and FTIR are used in forensic toxicology. Inculcation of nanostructures in saliva and nerve agent detection is also observed. In the realm of forensic science, nanotechnology is projected to play a significant role in the future by bringing more specialized and sensitive methods of case detection and revelation, as well as flawless evidence. In this review article, all the aspects where nanostructures are applied in forensic sciences are studied in detail.

Photodegradation of Methylene Blue by Nano-Titania developed from Novel Heteroleptic Titanium(IV) Complexes

Three new heteroleptic mononuclear derivatives of titanium(IV) have been synthesised and characterized by physico-chemical techniques. The newly synthesised titanium complexes [C26H21Br2NO5Ti] 1, [C26H21Cl2NO5Ti] 2 and [C26H21F2NO5Ti] 3 were obtained by treating [Ti(OPri)4] with 8-hydroxyquinoline, acetylacetone and corresponding phenol derivatives in 1:1:1:2 stoichiometry while refluxing in benzene as a reaction solvent under anhydrous stringent conditions. The newly synthesised titanium(IV) complexes were established by NMR (1H and 13C), FTIR and HRMS. Derivative 1 was employed as a precursor for the synthesis of nano titania by sol-gel method. The morphology of TiO2 was confirmed by several analytical tools such as FTIR, powder XRD, UV-Vis, RAMAN, SEM and TEM analyses. Further, the nano-structured titanium oxide developed herein was exploited to evaluate the catalytic photodegradation of methylene blue dye in aqueous solution on illumination of UV light that resulted in the extent of decolourization up to 68%, 81% and 94% by taking 20, 30 and 40 mg of catalyst in account respectively.

Evaluation of Water Sorption and Solubility of Nano Titania Enriched Glass Ionomer Cement Considering the Storage Solution and Time

Background: A biocompatible additive to glass ionomer cement types without affecting their stability in moisture and dry conditions in demand.TiO2NPs are stable and bioactive nanoparticles that improved the mechanical properties of GICs, but their impact on water sorption and solubility remains undetermined. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the water sorption/solubility of glass ionomer cement incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) in different storage solutions over time. Methods: A total of 60 glass ionomer discs were fabricated, and they were divided into two groups (n=30); conventional glass ionomer (control), TiO2 NPs modified glass ionomer. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to the type of storage solution used (n=10); artificial saliva, mouthwash with alcohol, and mouthwash without alcohol. Water sorption% and solubility% were recorded after immersion of specimens in the storage solutions according to the subdivided groups; at 24hrs, 1 week, and 1 month. Results: TiO2NPs were associated with a significant decrease in sorption% in artificial saliva at 1 week, alcohol at 24hrs, and a significant decrease in solubility% in all storage solutions at 24hrs and artificial saliva at 1 week. There was a significant decrease in water uptake associated with both materials in artificial saliva, also with TiO2NPs modified type in alcohol-free mouth washes. There was a gradual significant increase in solubility% for conventional GIC in artificial saliva and TiO2NPs modified type in alcohol (p≤0.05). Conclusion: TiO2NPs may play a promising role in improving water sorption and solubility of conventional GIC, considering the type of storage solution and time.

Hepatic proteomic assessment of oral ingestion of titanium dioxide nano fiber (TDNF) in Sprague Dawley rats

Titanium dioxide nanofibers (TDNF) have been widely employed in pigments, sunscreens, paints, ointments, toothpaste and photocatalytic splitting of water. However, their potential toxicity has not been thoroughly examined. The goal of the present study is to examine hepatic effects associated with the ingestion of TDNF. TDNF was fabricated via electrospinning method and characterized. Six to seven weeks old male Sprague Dawley rats ingested (oral gavage) a total of 0 ppm, 40, 60 ppm TDNF for two weeks. After sacrifice, the liver was assessed for cellular effects using proteomic approach. The fibers diameter ranged from 0.18 − 0.29 μm, forming clusters and majority of the fibers were in the rutile phase. Proteomics assessment revealed more that more than 400 hundred proteins in the liver may be affected. These proteins are involved in such processes as catalysis of fatty acids by CoA, homocysteine metabolism, beta oxidation and the condensation of carbamoyl phosphate in the urea cycle among others. Further analysis of the protein associations showed that 325 biological processes, 140 molecular functions and 70 cellular components appear to be affected from the ingestion of TNDF. Quantitative analysis of specific mRNA transcripts indicated CMBL, GSTM1 and SDS were differentially expressed.

Microbial synthesis of nano-selenium and nano-titanium dioxide: mechanisms of selenite respiration

The unique physicochemical properties of nano-metals compared with those of non-nanomaterials have led to many investigations in recent decades. Nano-titanium dioxide has been chiefly applied in novel implant forms. Also, the structures of selenium-containing compounds play a critical role in the biological activity of these elements. According to recent studies, nano-selenium is not only less toxic, but also has a higher biological activity than selenium ions such as selenium (IV) (Se4+) and selenium (VI) (Se6+). Researchers have turned to green nanostructure synthesis due to the drawbacks of chemical techniques. This paper presents a literature review on recent advances in microbial synthesis methods for producing nano-selenium and nano-titanium dioxide. Despite numerous research articles on green nanoparticle production, little information has been provided on the microbial formation of titanium and selenium nanoparticles. This review paper focuses on the possible mechanism of nano-selenium production by selenium respiration. Although there are reports of microbial synthesis of these particles, their production by probiotic bacteria is of great value. Considering the compatibility of probiotic bacteria with the immune system and their tremendous applications in medicine, it is suggested to use them in combination with nano-titanium dioxide and nano-selenium for various ends such as implant scaffolds and food additives, respectively.

Influence of nano-TiO2 on the chloride diffusivity of concrete

In this research, the benefits of nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) concrete over pure concrete in resisting the impacts of chloride diffusion were investigated. An increasing accelerative effect of chloride diffusion was experimentally discovered, which coincided with the movement in the exposed concrete surface caused by diffusion and the damage in concrete microstructure caused by chloride salt accumulation. The ‘time lag’ and ‘equivalent time’ between diffusion and migration tests were used to calculate the steady- and non-steady-state chloride diffusion coefficients. Concrete containing 2% nano-titanium dioxide by weight of cement demonstrated improved impermeability when compared with pure concrete, owing to improvements in microstructure and porosity. In comparison with pure concrete, the concrete containing nano-titanium dioxide had superior performance in resisting the effects of chloride diffusion. Because of its superfine particle size distribution and ‘filler’ effect, nano-titanium dioxide appeared to ensure decreased chloride diffusion in the investigated mixes. The test findings revealed that adding supplemental cementitious elements to mortar enhanced its resistance to chloride penetration.

Preparation of nano titanium dioxide coatings by anodic oxidation: beautifully colorful and functional

Preparation of nano titanium dioxide coatings by anodic oxidation: beautifully colorful and functional

Preparation of superhydrophobic, antibacterial and photocatalytic cotton by the synergistic effect of dual nanoparticles of rGO-TiO2/QAS-SiO2

In this study, the cotton fabric was endowed with superhydrophobic, antibacterial, and photocatalytic properties by a simple and easily-operated coating method. The optimal dual-particle coating, firmly adhered to the textile surface using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a binder, was obtained with the mixture of reduced graphene oxide-added titanium dioxide (rGO-TiO 2 ) and quaternary ammonium-functionalized silica (QAS-SiO 2 ), under the most appropriate mass ratio. The experimental results reveal that the water contact angles (CAs) of the optimal-treated cotton fabric can reach up to154°, and the bactericidal effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is over 99 %, with the degradation rate for methylene blue solution as high as 98 %. On top of the excellent self-cleaning and bacterial shielding capabilities of the coating, its enhanced performance mentioned above can be maintained well against repeated washing, continuously abrasion, strong acids/bases and UV rays. Meanwhile, the finding suggests that the coating does not affect the strength of the fabric, and can retain the original deformability of the fabric. Most notably, the application of the coating method can cover a wide range of materials, including a variety of textiles as well as nontextiles such as paper, stainless steel etc. In short, this novel coating method is eco-friendly and strongly feasible, which paves the solid way for great potential in a wide range of application. • Cotton was functionalized with nano-silica and nano-titanium dioxide particles. • The processed cotton fabric was endowed with super-hydrophobicity and excellent photocatalytic activity. • The bactericidal effect of cotton against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is over 99 %. • The degradation rate of MB solution finally reached the maximum 98 %. • The functional finishing will not visibly affect other properties of cotton fabrics.

Polyetheretherketone/Nano‐Ag‐TiO2 composite with mechanical properties and antibacterial activity

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is of interest because of its excellent biocompatibility. However, the lack of antimicrobial activity of PEEK limits its use in clinical applications. Silver‐loaded nano titanium dioxide (Nano‐Ag‐TiO2)/PEEK composites with different mass fractions (1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) were prepared by hot compression molding to achieve better mechanical and antimicrobial properties. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) showed that Nano‐Ag‐TiO2 successfully modified PEEK. The contact angle of Nano‐Ag‐TiO2/PEEK increased compared to PEEK (p < 0.01). The flexural strength, compressive strength, and Vickers hardness of Nano‐Ag‐TiO2/PEEK composites first increased and then decreased. When the Nano‐Ag‐TiO2 content is 3 wt%, the flexural strength of Nano‐Ag‐TiO2/PEEK composite reaches its maximum, which is 171.19 MPa; the compressive strength reaches the maximum, which is 24.7% higher than that of pure PEEK specimens; the Vickers hardness of Nano‐Ag‐TiO2/PEEK composite reaches its maximum, which is 19.84% higher than that of pure PEEK specimens. The in vitro antibacterial evaluation reveals that all Nano‐Ag‐TiO2/PEEK samples exhibited good resistance and anti‐adhesive properties against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This finding suggests that the 3 wt% Nano‐Ag‐TiO2/PEEK composite has better mechanical properties and antimicrobial ability, which is promising for dental applications.