Nanotechnology In Wastewater Treatment Research Articles

Life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of nanotechnology-based wastewater treatment: Status, challenges and future prospectives

BackgroundWater pollution is a pressing concern stemming from both natural and anthropogenic activities. The challenges associated with water treatment technologies are adsorption (fouling and corrosion of the adsorbent), flocculation (increased sludge generation and high operation cost), ion exchange (high cost and improper ion removal), chemical precipitation (sludge generation), and membrane technologies (membrane fouling and storage). These technologies have been overstretched and struggle to meet increasingly stringent water quality standards. More recent progress has been made in using nanotechnology for wastewater treatment. Nano-technology offers several advantages over traditional technologies. Many nano-based technologies support reuse, require less space, produce fewer toxic intermediates, and are adaptable to support the emerging concept of decentralized water treatment. An essential aspect of this review is a detailed techno-economic analysis, assessing the long-term viability of nanotechnology-based wastewater treatment methods from an economic standpoint. MethodsThis review outlines the current state of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, addressing environmental and economic aspects, challenges, and future potential. Significant findingsUnderstanding the sustainability and feasibility of these innovative technologies is crucial for their successful integration into wastewater treatment practices, ensuring a more effective and environmentally friendly approach to water remediation.

Application of Nanotechnology in Waste Water Treatment

In the past few years, there has been a growing concern about the pollution caused by fossil fuels, leading to a significant interest in photovoltaic power generation due to its clean and environmentally friendly features. However, suppressing leakage currents is a major problem for Non-isolated PV inverters. This paper focuses on the leakage current suppression methods, summarises three main leakage current suppression paths and systematically analyses and classifies the DC-bypass topology, the H5 topology and the Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) three-level topology. In order to address the issue mentioned above, several approaches can be taken. Firstly, a suitable sinusoidal pulse width modulation strategy is implemented. Additionally, alterations are made to the common mode impedance Z. Furthermore, efforts are made to ensure a proper match of circuit parameters. The analyses in this paper are all carried out based on bridge-type inverters to provide a reference for the study of leakage current suppression in Non-isolated Inverter. Future studies will be more efficient when similar issues arise.

Advancements & challenges of nanotechnology in waste water treatment

Recycling wastewater is a legitimate need, even as drinking water, but conventional wastewater handling/treatment technologies are insufficient to produce safe water as per the need, health concerns, and rising contaminants. Recent advancements in nanotechnology claim the possibilities of novel nanomaterials for the purification of surface, ground, and wastewater affected by toxic metallic ions, organic and inorganic solutes, and microorganisms. Various studies have clearly described that those nanomaterials can successfully remove multiple pollutants in water and thus have been suitable for water and wastewater treatment. This review article emphasizes the broad spectrum of the latest innovations in nanotechnologies for water and wastewater treatment and recognizes benefits, risks, challenges, and prospects. This assessment of current advancements in nanotechnologies for water contamination remediation also covers nano-based materials such as nano-adsorbents, photocatalysts, nano-metals, and nanomembranes.

Application of Nanomaterials in Wastewater Treatment

Water scarcity is one of the current problems that people need to solve, and wastewater treatment is one of the effective ways to solve it. However, traditional wastewater treatment methods are inefficient, and pollutants cannot be removed entirely. Nanotechnology can effectively address the above issues and its application in wastewater treatment has been researched extensively. This paper introduces nano-adsorbents, nano-photocatalysts and nanomembranes, which are all considered to have a promising prospect in wastewater treatment. Nano-adsorbents are classified as carbon-based nanomaterials, metalbased nanomaterials, nano-polymer and nano-zeolite adsorbents depending on the type of materials, mainly for adsorbing heavy metal ions. Nano-photocatalysts are good at removing bacteria and dyes from water and titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the commonly used material. Nanomembranes are divided into nanofiltration membranes, nanocomposite membranes, nanofiber membranes and aquaporin biomimetic membranes. Metal ions and organic pollutants can be separated by adding different materials into the membrane. The addition of molecular receptors to nanofiber membranes could use in the selective separation of some ions. The recovery of used nano-adsorbents and fouling resistance of nanomembranes are currently the main challenges for nanotechnology in wastewater treatment

Advances in the Applications of Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment

Freshwater is in limited supply, and the growing population further contributes to its scarcity. The effective treatment of wastewater is essential now more than ever, because waterborne infections significantly contribute to global deaths, and millions of people are deprived of safe drinking water. Current wastewater treatment technologies include preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments, which are effective in removing several contaminants; however, contaminants in the nanoscale range are often difficult to eliminate using these steps. Some of these include organic and inorganic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, pathogens and contaminants of emerging concern. The use of nanomaterials is a promising solution to this problem. Nanoparticles have unique properties allowing them to efficiently remove residual contaminants while being cost-effective and environmentally friendly. In this review, the need for novel developments in nanotechnology for wastewater treatment is discussed, as well as key nanomaterials and their corresponding target contaminants, which they are effective against. The nanomaterials of focus in this review are carbon nanotubes, graphene-based nanosheets, fullerenes, silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles and iron nanoparticles. Finally, the challenges and prospects of nanoparticle utilisation in the context of wastewater treatment are presented.

A review study on wastewater decontamination using nanotechnology: Performance, mechanism and environmental impacts

Industrial effluents are vital sources of environmental pollutants that cause many problems for human health. In recent years, the use of nanomaterials for the removal of contaminants from effluents has received much attention. Nanoadsorbents are one of the most important nanomaterials that have many benefits, including low-cost, high efficiency, easy synthesis, and process simplicity. Also, nanoadsorbents have high porosity, high specific surface area, and low surface-to-volume ratio compared to conventional adsorbents. Nanocatalysts are another important nanomaterial for removing contaminants from wastewater. In the present work, the application of nanotechnology (nanoadsorbents, nanocatalysts, and nanofiltration) were thoroughly studied in the elimination of contaminants from wastewater. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of nanoadsorbents, nanocatalysts, and nanofiltration membranes, various types of them, and their impacts on the environment were fully studied. Moreover, the reusability, stability, and mechanism of nanoadsorbents and nanocatalysts in the removal of contaminants were investigated. Besides, the challenges facing nanotechnology in wastewater treatment were discussed. According to previous studies, TiO 2 , ZnO, and Ni 0.6 Ca 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 have shown significant photocatalytic efficiency in removing organic pollutants. Also, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, ZnS nanocrystals, MWCNTs, graphene oxide, and their composites with other materials have shown remarkable efficiency in wastewater treatment. Moreover, polysulfone@graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane was able to eliminate CR and MB dyes from water with a rejection efficiency of higher than 99%.

Nanomaterials as a sustainable choice for treating wastewater

Wastewater containing toxic substances is a major threat to the health of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In order to treat wastewater, nanomaterials are currently being studied intensively due to their unprecedented properties. The unique features of nanoparticles are prompting an increasing number of studies into their use in wastewater treatment. Although several studies have been undertaken in recent years, most of them did not focus on some of the nanomaterials that are now often utilized for wastewater treatment. It is essential to investigate the most recent advances in all the types of nanomaterials that are now frequently employed for wastewater treatment. The recent advancements in common nanomaterials used for sustainable wastewater treatment is comprehensively reviewed in this paper. This paper also thoroughly assesses unique features, proper utilization, future prospects, and current limitations of green nanotechnology in wastewater treatment. Zero-valent metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, especially iron oxides were shown to be more effective than traditional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for recovering heavy metals in wastewater. Iron oxide achieved 75.9% COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal efficiency while titanium oxide (TiO2) achieved 75.5% COD. Iron nanoparticles attained 72.1% methyl blue removal efficiency. However, since only a few types of nanomaterials have been commercialized, it is important to also focus on the economic feasibility of each nanomaterial. This study found that the large surface area, high reactivity, and strong mechanical properties of nanoparticles means they can be considered as a promising option for successful wastewater treatment.

Recent Advances in Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Nanotechnology in Wastewater Treatment- A Review

Abstract: Water issues, including inaccessibility of a high percentage of freshwater, water pollution, water scarcity for drinking, etc., are major global concerns. Our research work aims to clean wastewater and treat it safely by applying nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has a broad range of applications. With the help of metal-based nanoparticles, advanced techniques can be developed for treating wastewater. Water purification generally employs methods that involve adsorption, breaking down waste and harmful materials, and nanoscale filtration techniques. This research review mainly discusses the synthesis of nanoparticles and the application of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment.

A Review of the Techno-Economic Feasibility of Nanoparticle Application for Wastewater Treatment

The increase in heavy metal contamination has led to an increase in studies investigating alternative sustainable ways to treat heavy metals. Nanotechnology has been shown to be an environmentally friendly technology for treating heavy metals and other contaminants from contaminated water. However, this technology is not widely used in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to high operational costs. The increasing interest in reducing costs by applying nanotechnology in wastewater treatment has resulted in an increase in studies investigating sustainable ways of producing nanoparticles. Certain researchers have suggested that sustainable and cheap raw materials must be used for the production of cheaper nanoparticles. This has led to an increase in studies investigating the production of nanoparticles from plant materials. Additionally, production of nanoparticles through biological methods has also been recognized as a promising, cost-effective method of producing nanoparticles. Some studies have shown that the recycling of nanoparticles can potentially reduce the costs of using freshly produced nanoparticles. This review evaluates the economic impact of these new developments on nanotechnology in wastewater treatment. An in-depth market assessment of nanoparticle application and the economic feasibility of nanoparticle applications in WWTPs is presented. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities of using nanoparticles for heavy metal removal are also discussed.

A Survey on Nanotechnology-Based Bioremediation of Wastewater.

Rainwater discharge and human impacts produce wastewater, which is a contaminated type of water. Sediments also discharge phosphate into the water column when there is a lack of dissolved oxygen in the water. Through the manufacturing of environmentally benign nanoparticles, nanotechnology may reduce the amount of money spent by enterprises to remediate such contaminants. Because of their improved physiological, biochemical, and biomechanical qualities, nanoparticles are getting prominence. The importance of the global wastewater dilemma is discussed in this survey. The use of nanomaterials in heavy metal remediation (HMR) and wastewater treatment is covered in this survey. This paper also discusses the benefits of nanotechnology over traditional approaches in certain fields. This survey aims to gather together many recent studies on nanoparticle production and their benefits as adsorbents in the remediation of wastewater which have been done so far. The promising role of nanotechnology in wastewater remediation is surveyed in this research, which also discusses recent developments in nanotechnology-mediated remediation methods. This survey examines the vital potential of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, as well as recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology-mediated treatment systems.

Remediation of noxious wastewater using nanohybrid adsorbent for preventing water pollution

Removal of toxic elements from wastewater effluent has got a lot of attention because of their severe negative effects on human and environmental health. In the past few years, rapid urbanization and industrial activities in developing countries have exacerbated the destruction of the environment. Most of the wastewater effluents are discharged untreated or inadequately treated, which has become a major concern due to its impact on sustainability and the environment. This is imperative to implement, innovative and resourceful wastewater treatment technologies requiring low investment. Among the various treatment technologies, cutting-edge processes in nano-material sciences have recently piqued the interest of scientists. Nanohybrid absorbents have the potential in improving wastewater treatment and increase water supply by utilizing unconventional water resources. Carbon nanotubes, titanium oxide, manganese oxide, activated carbon (AC), magnesium oxide, graphene, ferric oxides, and zinc oxide are examples of nano-adsorbents that are used to eliminate pollutants. This also demonstrated the effective removal of contaminants along with the harmful effects of chemicals, colorants, and metals found in wastewater. The present manuscript examines potential advances in nanotechnology in wastewater treatment for the prevention of water and soil pollution. This systematic review aims to highlight the importance of nanohybrid absorbents treatment technology for wastewater treatment and to explain how nanohybrid absorbents have the potential to revolutionize industrial pollution. There are also other published review articles on this topic but the present review covers an in-depth information on nano-adsorbents and their targeted contaminants.

Modified Carbon Nanostructures Obtained from Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrochar for Treating Chromium-polluted Water

Background: Application of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment is the solution to cope with the conflict between people’s increasing demand for water and the world-wide water shortage. The main goal of this study is to prepare modified carbon nanostructures (CNSs) from sugarcane bagasse waste (SCB) as effective adsorbents for removing toxic Cr(VI) ions from their aqueous solutions. Methods: The preparation of CNSs was performed via catalytic hydrothermal/carbonization of SCB. The resultant CNSs sample was oxidized by oxidation with HNO3/H2O2 (O-CNSs) and then followed by coating with diethylenetriamine (N-CNSs). Transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope attached to energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nitrogen adsorption analyses were used to determine the morphology and surface properties of CNSs. Adsorption and desorption studies of Cr(VI) ions onto these modified CNSs were investigated. Effects of initial concentration of Cr(VI), pH of solution and temperature in the batch mode were estimated. Adsorption studies were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin- Radushkevich models. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were undertaken to follow the adsorption mechanism. Results: The prepared samples composed of carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets were evident by TEM and SEM. The adsorption of Cr(VI) is exothermic in nature, well-fitted with Langmuir, described by pseudo-second order kinetic model and then is uncontrolled by intraparticle diffusion step. It was found that the adsorption of Cr(VI) was higher uptake over O-CNSs (56 mg/g) than that by NCNSs (44 mg/g). This was ascribed to that the first sample is enriched with acidic O-functional groups and possessed higher specific surface area (188 m2/g). Desorption studies were achieved by HNO3 and NaOH reagents for recovering the Cr(VI) from O-CNSs. Results revealed that about 90% of Cr(VI) can be recovered by HNO3 more than that by NaOH till the third run. Conclusions: Two modified CNSs samples were successfully prepared from SCB. Adsorption of Cr(VI) is highly relied on initial concentration of Cr(VI), pH and temperature. The main factors controlling the adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) are the acidic functional groups and the accessible surface area on O-CNSs. Furthermore, the O-CNSs attained high stability in recycling tests for Cr(VI) removal.

A planned review on designing of high-performance nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes for pollutants removal from water

The shortage of clean water sources and increase of demand for fresh water have become as major global challenges not only in industries but also inhuman life. Meanwhile, membrane technology has been extensively noticed due to high separation efficiency, energy-saving and environmentally-friendly characteristic. So, development of new membrane is a vital step in advancing of membrane application in water-treatment. This paper presents a comprehensive review on development of high-performance nanofiltration membrane based on nanotechnology for wastewater treatment. Application of new nanomaterials has enabled fabrication of NF-membranes with improved separation properties for pollutants removal from water. Recognizing that conventional membranes are not necessarily suitable for industrial applications and/or process intensifications many attempts were made recently to use of nanomaterials into NF-membranes, aiming to overcome trade-off relationship between flux/selectivity and to improve their stability. So, development of new structured nanomaterial with desirable properties is one of most crucial research topics for membrane researchers. Accordingly, an overview on different methods to design of advanced nanomaterial presented that allow us to overcome their inherent problems in membranes fabrication such as agglomeration, defects formation, insufficient pores’ tuning, poor active sites and anti-fouling properties; however, selection of appropriate nanomaterials is a challenge of utmost difficulty. Various types of nanomaterials such as zeolites, carbon based, framework (MOF/ZIF/COF), nano-biopolymers and special nanoparticles such as SFNPs, SFNCs, POSS, ZCPs, and nickel hydroxide nanosheet are presented and their roles in NF-transport are discussed as well as strategies for surface modification of nanoparticles to promoting their surface charges density. Moreover, fabrication methods of nano enhanced NF-membranes including layer by layer assembly, hollow fiber spinning, electrospinning of nanofibers, construction of thin-film nanocomposite besides blending, co-polymerization; cross-linking and grafting techniques are discussed. A proper view for selection of appropriate nanoparticles in membrane fabrication is offered while considering types of pollutants to be removed.

WITHDRAWN: Nanotechnology for sustainable water treatment – A review

• Application of nanotechnology in water treatment. • Ground water treatment using latest nanotechnological developments. • Feasibility of nanotechnology for waste water treatment. • Latest developments in desalination technologies using nanomaterials. Nanotechnology is one of the key technologies of the 21st century with numerous innovations in the field of environmental applications. The scarcity of pure water is a major challenge faced by the world in the recent times, due to the effects of pollution combined with global climatic change. The need of sustainable technologies to conserve water resources lead to the development of lot of technologies in the field of water treatment. Nanotechnology is promising in the field of water treatment due to the fact that nanomaterials show environmentally interesting chemical and physical properties like increased durability of materials against mechanical stress or weathering, high specific surface area and chemical reactivity of nanoparticles and large absorption as well as adsorption capacity. In the present paper a detailed review is carried out to assess the possibilities of nanotechnology in the field of sustainable water treatment. The application of nanotechnology in three aspects of water treatment namely ground water treatment, waste water treatment and saline water treatment has been studied in terms of their sustainability. It was observed that nanotechnology has great potential in the field of sustainable water treatment and the adverse effects of the toxic nanoparticle release into the atmosphere can be minimised by adopting latest technological developments.

Nano-membrane Filtration a Novel Application of Nanotechnology for Waste Water Treatment

Access to the clean and affordable water is the basic humanitarian goal and in this 21st century it has became the great challenge, owing to the rapid industrialization, irrational exploitation of water resources for various anthropogenic activities and population growth has resulted in the deterioration of the quality of water. Making waste water management as a subject that cannot be overlooked. That’s where the nanotechnology promising application comes into the play. It offers varieties of process to deal with it. From Nanoabsorbent, Nanocatalyst, biopolymer, bimetallic nanoscale iron particles and nanostructure membrane leading to nanofiltration are the few examples of it. This review paper has taken into consideration the waste water treatment done with the help of various membrane processes. Here we review the nanomembrane, nanocomposite, electrospun fiber nanomembrane and aquaporin based membrane. The article has the detailed description of the development over the period of time, along with the efficiency of removal of contaminants, their specificity, and their lacking as well as the probable solution of it. The review ends with the future responsibility one can avail in the upcoming research based on nanofiltration

Preparation and characterisation of high performing magnesite-halloysite nanocomposite and its application in the removal of methylene blue dye

Nanoparticles have novel characteristics enabling them to efficiently decontaminate water hence the application of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment is being widely explored to tackle water pollution challenges. Industries are in a quest for decolouration and contaminant depollution technologies. In that regard, this study was designed with the aim of preparing a nanocomposite from calcined cryptocrystalline magnesite and halloysite nanoclay and then evaluating the influence of several parameters in the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution by the prepared nanocomposite. Physicochemical characterisation was carried out to get an insight of pre- and - post adsorption characteristics of the material. According to the results, the uptake of MB was rapid, and the maximum adsorption capacity and percentage removal were observed to be 0.65 mg/g and 99.66% respectively. Two adsorption isotherms and kinetic models were applied to describe the dye adsorption behaviour. Experimental results fitted the Langmuir (R2 = 0.98) and pseudo-second order models (R2 = 1) perfectly hence demonstrating that adsorption took place on a homogenous adsorbent layer via chemisorption. Furthermore, regeneration results showed that the nanocomposite can be used repeatedly recording a 35% removal at the 4th regeneration cycle. In overall, the results suggested that the nanocomposite is a suitable adsorbent for decolourising industrial wastewater. Due to its local availability and non-toxic nature, calcined cryptocrystalline magnesite – halloysite nanocomposite can be considered a good alternative of conventional dye adsorbents commonly used in wastewater treatment especially in developing countries like South Africa.

Application of Nanotechnology in Wastewater Treatment

Because the current social water pollution is serious, and the conventional method cannot eff ectively manage alltypes of water pollution, and its single eff ect cannot be satisfactory, we must seek new and eff ective treatment. Thepaper is a comprehensive review of the best practices of the conventional wastewater treatment method with referenceto the experiments and research results of nanotechnology in sewage treatment. Comparison of nanotechnology canbe compared with conventional methods to make the particles have a special function, and some special performancejust in the sewage treatment medium to a good effect: the depth of the catalytic method can be effective in thedecomposition of many types of organic pollutants such as halogenated hydrocarbons Class, chlorinated phenols,cyanide, various organic acids and can handle metal particles; adsorption method for the water heavy metal pollutiontreatment costs less, simple and widely used, nanofi ltration membrane can replace the adsorption and electrochemicalmethods, Pulping and precipitation are one of the most eff ective methods for the treatment of colloidal wastewater. Itcan eff ectively reduce the turbidity and chroma of waste water, remove a variety of macromolecular organic matter andsome heavy metal ions ( Mercury and lead); organic / inorganic composite nanoparticles with its excellent inorganicmaterials, light, electricity, magnetic and other properties, organic materials, excellent processing performance,biocompatibility, for many diffi cult to deal with water pollution control, which has a corresponding method, can besimple and eff ective to solve the problem. The application of nanotechnology in water treatment has shown a broadprospect, but needs further research and improvement.

Primjena nanotehnologije u pročišćavanju otpadnih voda

Primjena nanotehnologije u pročišćavanju otpadnih voda

Size-selective adsorption of methyl orange using a novel nano-composite by encapsulating HKUST-1 in hyper-crosslinked polystyrene networks

A novel nano-composite adsorbent, NDA88-Cu, was successfully prepared by immobilization of HKUST-1 (a typical MOF) into hyper-crosslinked polystyrene networks NDA88 (loading ratio: 350 mg of MOFs with particle size in the range of 10–100 nm per gram of polystyrene networks). The adsorbent demonstrated advantages of improved stability without leakage of metal ions during the adsorption assays compared to HKUST-1 itself, and faster solid-liquid separability than NDA88 or HKUST-1, which could effectively avoid the shortcomings of MOFs like potential secondary pollution and poor performance in separation. When applied for the adsorption of five typical dyes with various charges and molecular sizes (cationic: methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine-B (RhB); anionic: methyl orange (MO), methyl red (MR) and acid green (AG25)), NDA88-Cu worked for the removal of anionic ones but showed almost no adsorption capacity towards cationic ones because of Donnan membrane effect exerted by the host NDA88. For the three anionic dyes, NDA88-Cu displayed not only heightened adsorption capacity towards MO (398.8 mg/g), but also size-selective uptake of MO from solution with mixed dyes. The adsorption capacity remained high levels after ten adsorption-desorption cycles. Mechanism investigations, including macroscopic physico-chemical analyses, instrumental investigation and density functional theoretical calculations, gave direct evidences of the size selectivity of NDA88-Cu with hierarchical pore structure. Coordination effect of Cu-MO predominated, while π-π interactions and electrostatic attraction also took place, in the fixing of MO onto the adsorbent. The current work provides a useful idea for the separation of contaminants with similar structure from water, and acts as a good case for the application of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment and resource recovery.

Membrane technology for water purification

Managing higher water demands is a grand challenge of the twenty-first century due to pollution and climate change that are decreasing the amount of drinkable water. There is therefore a need for improved techniques to purify contaminated waters. Nanotechnology provides materials of unprecedented properties, which can be used to clean water. This article reviews recent developments in nanotechnology for wastewater treatment using novel polymeric membrane materials. The use of polymeric membrane materials and polymer brushes are discussed.