Nanotechnology Research Research Articles

Synthesis of Tungsten Oxide, Iron Oxide, and Copper-Doped Iron Oxide Nanocomposites and Evaluation of Their Mixing Effects with Cyromazine against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval).

Nanotechnology research is emerging as a cutting-edge technology, and nanocomposites have played a significant role in pest control. Therefore, the present study focuses on the synthesis of tungsten oxide (WO3), iron oxide (magnetic nanoparticle, MNP), and copper-doped iron oxide (MNP-Cu) nanocomposites and explores the different effects of their binary combinations with the insecticide cyromazine against Spodoptera littoralis. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. None of the tested nanomaterials showed any toxicity against the different stages of S. littoralis. Larval and pupal durations increased with increasing cyromazine and nanomaterial concentrations. The longest larval and pupal durations were recorded under treatment with the mixture of cyromazine (100 mg/L) + MNP-Cu (500 mg/L); the survival periods were 23.5 and 15.6 days, compared with 10.8 and 7.7 days in the control, respectively. The percentages of pupation and adult emergence were negatively affected by all treatments. Among the 500 mg/L nanomaterial combinations, only cyromazine (25 mg/L) and WO3 (500 mg/L) resulted in adult emergence (at a rate of 27.3%). Some abnormalities in the S. littoralis stages were observed following treatment with the tested materials. The glutathione S-transferase and alpha-esterase enzyme activities in S. littoralis were significantly increased after treatment with cyromazine, followed by cyromazine/MNP-Cu combinations. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) data showed that all treated insects had a higher immune response than the control. Finally, mixes of nanocomposites and cyromazine may be suggested as viable alternatives for S. littoralis management.

Nanomedicine and regulatory science: the challenges in Africa

The integrated approach in the development of nanotechnology is allowing its introduction into multiple fields, including pharmaceutical research, in which there are now several medicines containing nanomaterials or at least making nano-based claims. As a result of increasing research in nanotechnology, pre-existing medicines have been reformulated, and new medicines have been developed. This has brought challenges to the current regulatory frameworks in Europe and the United States. These regulatory agencies are known to be stringent because they have both the human capacity and skills and conducive policies and the landscape to manage new technology, unlike the agencies in most African countries. Because the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have embraced regulatory science (RS) as a means of proactive analysis of regulatory principles, those agencies will be able to address nanomedicine challenges in a straightforward manner. African countries currently do not have a harmonized regulatory framework because different national regulatory authorities are at different levels of development. The pharmaceutical sector in Africa is facing many challenges, including the non-existence of research and development partnerships between industry, universities, and research institutions that foster nanomedicine development. Now that the African Medicine Agency (AMA) is in place, Africa should see the rapid implementation of the AU Model Law on Medical Products Regulation that will assist in putting in place capacity-building programs in nanomedicine RS.

Evaluation of the Effect of Magnetic Nanoparticles-Loaded 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on Colon Cell Line LS174T

Background: Large intestine cancer, also known as colon cancer or rectal cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the colon or rectum. It is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and in Iran, it ranks as the fourth most common cancer among men and the second most common cancer among women. Some of the common symptoms of this disease include intestinal rupture and obstruction, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, the presence of blood in the stool, and constant fatigue. Common methods of cancer treatment include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. New methods of cancer treatment include gene therapy, hormone therapy, and nanotechnology. Nanoparticles (NPs), which contain particles in the size range of 1 to 100 nanometers, are used in nanotechnology. These NPs can originate from natural or human sources and have shown unprecedented growth in the field of research and applications of nanotechnology, especially in the treatment of cancer. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential anticancer effect of a combination of iron oxide NPs loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the cell survival of the LS174T colon cancer cell line. 5-fluorouracil is a commonly used chemotherapy drug for treating various types of cancer, including colon cancer, and iron oxide NPs are known to be useful drug carriers for targeted drug delivery. Methods: Nanoparticles were synthesized using the precipitation method, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were conducted. Cells were cultivated in RPMI 1640 medium, and the MTT assay was carried out to assess cell viability after treatment with multiple components, including NP+drug. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was carried out to assess the expression of apoptotic genes, including BAX, BAD, and BCL-2. Results: The MTT results showed that all components, especially NP+drug, had acceptable cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. The expression of pro-apoptotic genes was elevated, and the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene was decreased after treatment with the same components, especially NP+drug. Conclusions: The results showed that all the studied components, especially drug-loaded NPs, have great cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects on colon cancer cells and can be considered colon cancer therapy.

Application of Chitosan Nanoparticles in the Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Wastewater: A Concise Review

The biopolymer chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer that has been scientifically proven to be an efficient organic compound for the adsorption of heavy metals from a variety of industrial wastewater. Heavy metals are toxic and can cause a variety of harmful health effects, even in low concentrations. Therefore, it is important to remove them from the wastewater to ensure the water is safe for consumption and other uses. Chitosan is a superior adsorbent because it contains functional groups like hydroxyl and amino. Nano-chitosan can be fabricated using various methods but modern nanotechnology research focuses on developing highly efficient and cost-effective green technology. The remarkable physicochemical features of nano-chitosan make it suited for usage in enhancing the durability and washability of textile supplies as well as giving them antibacterial capabilities.

Atomically Precise Imprinting π-Magnetism in Nanographenes via Probe Chemistry.

The precise generation and harnessing of carbon magnetism at the single-molecule level have been captivating areas of research in chemistry and nanotechnology. However, the realization of magnetic nanographenes, also known as single-molecule π-magnets, through solution-based synthesis has proven challenging because of their high reactivity and insolubility tendency. Recent advancements in on-surface chemistry and scanning probe techniques have significantly propelled the fabrication of carbon-based magnetic nanostructures to offer a rich platform to probe quantum π-magnetism at the single-molecule level. Atomic manipulation, also referred to as probe chemistry, stands as an exciting and essential approach in the toolbox of on-surface chemistry. This approach enables site-selective chemical reactions, thereby allowing for the atomically precise imprinting and tailoring π-magnetism in a variety of nanographenes. This review highlights the recent achievements in the precise synthesis of single-molecule π-magnets using atomic manipulation. Furthermore, we also provide an outlook on the future of probe chemistry in the fabrication of this intriguing class of magnetic nanographenes, featuring designer quantum magnetism.

Internalization of Pegylated Er:Y2O3 Nanoparticles inside HCT-116 Cancer Cells: Implications for Imaging and Drug Delivery.

Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles, featuring sharp emission peaks with narrow bandwidth, exhibit high downconversion luminescence intensity, making them highly valuable in the fields of bioimaging and drug delivery. High-crystallinity Y2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) doped with Er3+ ions were functionalized by using a pegylation procedure to confer water solubility and biocompatibility. The NPs were thoroughly characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and photoluminescence measurements. The pegylated nanoparticles were studied both from a toxicological perspective and to demonstrate their internalization within HCT-116 cancer cells. Cell viability tests allowed for the identification of the "optimal" concentration, which yields a detectable fluorescence signal without being toxic to the cells. The internalization process was investigated using a combined approach involving confocal microscopy and ICP-MS. The obtained data clearly indicate the efficient internalization of NPs into the cells with emission intensity showing a strong correlation with the concentrations of nanoparticles delivered to the cells. Overall, this research contributes significantly to the fields of nanotechnology and biomedical research, with noteworthy implications for imaging and drug delivery applications.

Exploiting targeted nanomedicine for surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the cancers that has the highest morbidity and mortality rates. In clinical practice, there are still many limitations in surveilling, diagnosing, and treating HCC, such as the poor detection of early HCC, the frequent post-surgery recurrence, the low local tumor control rate, the therapy resistance and side effects. Therefore, improved, or innovative modalities are urgently required for early diagnosis as well as refined and effective management. In recent years, nanotechnology research in the field of HCC has received great attention, with various aspects of diagnosis and treatment including biomarkers, ultrasound, diagnostic imaging, intraoperative imaging, ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy. Different from previous reviews that discussed from the perspective of nanoparticles' structure, design and function, this review systematically summarizes the methods and limitations of diagnosing and treating HCC in clinical guidelines and practices, as well as nanomedicine applications. Nanomedicine can overcome the limitations to improve diagnosis accuracy and therapeutic effect via enhancement of targeting, biocompatibility, bioavailability, controlled releasing, and combination of different clinical treatment modalities. Through an in-depth understanding of the logic of nanotechnology to conquer clinical limitations, the main research directions of nanotechnology in HCC are sorted out in this review. It is anticipated that nanomedicine will play a significant role in the future clinical practices of HCC.

Application of Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Bioflocculant Produced by Yeast Strain Pichia kudriavzevii Obtained from Kombucha Tea SCOBY in the Treatment of Wastewater.

Studying the production of Iron (Fe) nanoparticles using natural substances is an intriguing area of research in nanotechnology, as these nanoparticles possess biocompatibility and natural stability, which make them useful for a variety of industrial applications. The study utilized Fe nanoparticles that were synthesized using a bioflocculant and applied to eliminate different kinds of pollutants and dyes found in wastewater and solutions. The study involved the generation of Fe nanoparticles through a bioflocculant obtained from Pichia kudriavzevii, which were evaluated for their flocculation and antimicrobial capabilities. The impact of the Fe nanoparticles on human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cell lines was studied to assess their potential cytotoxicity effects. An array of spectroscopic and microscopic methods was employed to characterize the biosynthesized Fe nanoparticles, including SEM-EDX, FT-IR, TEM, XRD, UV-vis, and TGA. A highly efficient flocculating activity of 85% was achieved with 0.6 mg/mL dosage of Fe nanoparticles. The biosynthesized Fe nanoparticles demonstrated a noteworthy concentration-dependent cytotoxicity effect on HEK 293 cell lines with the highest concentration used resulting in 34% cell survival. The Fe nanoparticles exhibited strong antimicrobial properties against a variety of evaluated Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The efficiency of removing dyes by the nanoparticles was found to be higher than 65% for the tested dyes, with the highest being 93% for safranine. The Fe nanoparticles demonstrated remarkable efficiency in removing various pollutants from wastewater. In comparison to traditional flocculants and the bioflocculant, biosynthesized Fe nanoparticles possess significant potential for eliminating both biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater samples treated. Hence, the Fe nanoparticles synthesized in this way have the potential to substitute chemical flocculants in the treatment of wastewater.

Exploring nanocomposites for controlling infectious microorganisms: charting the path forward in antimicrobial strategies.

Nanocomposites, formed by combining a matrix (commonly polymer or ceramic) with nanofillers (nano-sized inclusions like nanoparticles or nanofibers), possess distinct attributes attributed to their composition. Their unique physicochemical properties and interaction capabilities with microbial cells position them as a promising avenue for infectious disease treatment. The escalating prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria intensifies the need for alternative solutions. Traditional approaches involve antimicrobial agents like antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals, targeting specific microbial aspects. This review presents a comprehensive overview of diverse nanocomposite types and highlights the potential of tailored matrix and antibacterial agent selection within nanocomposites to enhance treatment efficacy and decrease antibiotic resistance risks. Challenges such as toxicity, safety, and scalability in clinical applications are also acknowledged. Ultimately, the convergence of nanotechnology and infectious disease research offers the prospect of enhanced therapeutic strategies, envisioning a future wherein advanced materials revolutionize the landscape of medical treatment.

Current landscape of treating different cancers using nanomedicines: Trends and perspectives.

The efforts to use novel nanotechnologies in medicine and cancer have been widespread. In order to understand better the focus areas of cancer nanomedicine research to date, we conducted a survey of nanomedicine developmental and clinical research in conjunction with treatment of various cancers. The survey has been performed based on number of publications, rate of citations, entry into clinical trials, and funding rates by the National Cancer Institute. Our survey indicates that breast and brain cancers are the most and one of the least studied by nanotechnology researchers, respectively. Breast cancer nano-therapies seem to also be most likely to achieve clinical translation as the number of publications produced, amount of funding, total citations, and clinical trials (active and completed) are the highest when compared with research in other cancers. Brain cancer, despite its low survival, has capture much less attention of nanomedicine research community as survey indicated, although nanotechnology can offer novel approaches which can address brain cancer challenges. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.

ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND INNOVATIONS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE: A HOLISTIC EXPLORATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED MATERIALS

This research paper explores the dynamic intersection of nanotechnology and advanced materials, investigating their economic impacts, innovative applications, challenges, and future prospects. Through an interdisciplinary lens, the paper investigates the integration of these technologies across various industries, such as healthcare, electronics, energy, and manufacturing. Real-world case studies illuminate successful applications, highlighting economic benefits and technological breakthroughs. The implications of ongoing research and innovation in nanotechnology and advanced materials are discussed, emphasizing their significance for materials science and the broader economy. This comprehensive exploration underscores the transformative potential of these technologies and their role in shaping a sustainable and innovative future.
 Keywords: Nanotechnology, Advanced Materials, Economic Impacts, Innovation, Interdisciplinary Collaboration, Future Prospects, Sustainable Development.

Attributes of Nanomaterials and Nanotopographies for Improved Bone Tissue Engineering and Regeneration.

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a multidisciplinary area that can solve the limitation of conventional grafting methods by developing viable and biocompatible bone replacements. The three essential components of BTE, i.e., Scaffold material and Cells and Growth factors altogether, facilitate support and guide for bone formation, differentiation of the bone tissues, and enhancement in the cellular activities and bone regeneration. However, there is a scarcity of the appropriate materials that can match the mechanical property as well as functional similarity to native tissue, considering the bone as hard tissue. In such scenarios, nanotechnology can be leveraged upon to achieve the desired aspects of BTE, and that is the key point of this review article. This review article examines the significant areas of nanotechnology research that have an impact on regeneration of bone: (a) scaffold with nanomaterials helps to enhance physicochemical interactions, biocompatibility, mechanical stability, and attachment; (b) nanoparticle-based approaches for delivering bioactive chemicals, growth factors, and genetic material. The article begins with the introduction of components and healing mechanisms of bone and the factors associated with them. The focus of this article is on the various nanotopographies that are now being used in scaffold formation, by describing how they are made, and how these nanotopographies affect the immune system and potential underlying mechanisms. The advantages of 4D bioprinting in BTE by using nanoink have also been mentioned. Additionally, we have investigated the importance of an in silico approach for finding the interaction between drugs and their related receptors, which can help to formulate suitable systems for delivery. This review emphasizes the role of nanoscale approach and how it helps to increase the efficacy of parameters of scaffold as well as drug delivery system for tissue engineering and bone regeneration.

Comparison of nanotechnology research for coronaviruses and influenza from 2000 to 2022

Comparison of nanotechnology research for coronaviruses and influenza from 2000 to 2022

(Invited) Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Functional and Three-Dimensional Carbon Nano-Composites By Gas-Liquid Interface Plasma

Carbon nanomaterials, such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene sheets, and so forth, play indispensable roles in nanotechnology research and applications. Due to their unique self-organized nanostructures and properties, various types of applications using them are expected and have been developed. Furthermore, in recent years, heteroatom-doped carbon nano-composite materials that exhibit catalytic activity are attracting much attention as non-platinum catalysts. Especially, nitrogen (N)-doped nanographene materials are well-known to have high catalytic activity. Pyridinic-N is known as a key component to express catalytic activity [1].There are two ways to obtain nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials. One is the addition of N into carbon nanomaterials during their synthesis, and the other is the post-nitridation after the synthesis, which often used nitrogen plasma. Especially in the latter case, the synthesis method of nanographene itself can be divided into two types of methods. One is the direct synthesis of the powder, and the other is the exfoliating from graphene oxide (GO) or bulk graphite in physical or chemical ways. Hydrothermal treatment using microwaves is one of the effective methods for simultaneous exfoliation, three-dimensional nanopore structuring, and nitrogen addition. While electronic device applications generally need high-quality graphene sheets synthesized by epitaxial growth, or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods at high temperatures up to 1,000°C, some kinds of applications, such as sensors, batteries, additives to polymers, and so forth, need a large amount of nanographene power. For that purpose, a reduction of GO is well known, but the quality of the synthesized graphene is not high enough.Recently, we have established a high-speed synthesis method of nanographene materials with high crystallinity by a plasma discharge at gas-liquid interfaces with alcohol sources. By this method, a synthesis rate of nanographene over 1 mg/min and higher crystallinity of nanographene than the reduced GO have been realized. On the other hand, there is a trade-off relationship between the synthesis rate and crystallinity, when different types of alcohols were used as a feedstock gas. When ethanol,1-propanol, and 1-butanol were used, it was found that the higher synthesis rates were obtained by the higher-molecular weight alcohols, while its crystallinity was lower. In the comparison between hexane (C6H14) and hexanol (C6H13OH), in the case of hexane, the synthesis rate is about twice as high as that in the case of hexanol, but the crystallinity is lowered. These results indicate that this trade-off relationship is attributed to a ratio of carbon (C) and oxygen (O) atoms. O-related radicals (O, OH, etc.) in plasma could have etching effects of amorphous or low-crystallinity carbon components. Actually, according to the results of plasma diagnostic measurements and residual liquid analyses, it was found that crystallinity of nanographene materials degraded with decrease in OH intensity in plasma. Furthermore, small radicals such as C2 and CHx contribute to the synthesis of nanographene rather than by-products with a six-membered ring structure. Furthermore, we have also found functionalization and structural control of nanographene materials by additive agents to alcohol sources at in-liquid plasma processes. Using an iron phthalocyanine with ethanol, size of carbon nanosheets increased up to micrometer. And they showed excellent catalytic characteristics thorough 4-electron reduction pathway. According to the verification results of dependence on synthesis conditions such as the type of additive, such the catalytic activity is induced by pyridinic C-N bonds. In the case of this way, to increase pyridinic C-N bonds and improve catalytic performance, iron phthalocyanine is much better than Hemin, even which also included Fe and N. These knowledges obtained in this study will open the way to the next-generation green energy solutions, such as high-performance catalytic electrode for the fuel cell.[1] D. Guo, R. Shibuya, C. Akiba, S. Saji, T. Kondo, and J. Nakamura. Science 351 (2016) 361–365.[2] J. Wang, W. Wu, H. Kondo, T. Fan, H. Zhou, Nanotechnology, NANO-132006.R1 (2022), online.[3] T. Hagino, H. Kondo, K. Ishikawa, H. Kano, M. Sekine, M. Hori, Appl. Phys. Express 5 (2012) 035101.[4] T. Amano, H. Kondo, K. Ishikawa, T. Tsutsumi, K. Takeda, M. Hiramatsu, M. Sekine, M. Hori, Appl. Phys. Express 11 (2017) 015102.[5] H. Kondo, R. Hamaji, T. Amano, K. Ishikawa, M. Sekine, M. Hiramatsu, M. Hori, Plasma Process. Polym. 19, (2022) 2100203.

(Invited) Development of Cell-Based Biosensor Platform for Monitoring the Effect of Functional Nanocarriers As Drug Delivery System on Breast Cancer Cells

With the rapid emerging research of nanotechnology and engineering in biomedical applications, scientists start to develop state-of-the-art diverse biosensing platforms. Here, in-vitro cell-based biosensor (CBB) was fabricated using nano/micro technologies to electrophysiologically observe the effects of drug treatment on human breast cancer cells. Indium tin oxide coated vertically aligned silicon nanowires (ITO-coated VA-SiNWs) were applied as a cell monitoring CBB platform to investigate the growth and adhesion of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells via impedimetric method. Monitoring was performed by measuring the non-Faradaic electrical impedance of the cell–APTMS-modified ITO-coated VA-SiNWs system using a precision LCR meter. Our APTMS-modified ITO-coated VA-SiNWs exhibited changes in impedance parameters during cell growth. It was observed that during MCF-7 cell growth, the impedance magnitude increased. By contrast, the cytolysis of the cells led to significant changes in impedance parameters. Impedimetric cell monitoring platform has the ability to observe MCF-7 cell growth and adhesion and investigate anomalous and non-electrogenic cell behavior in toxin and drug screenings. With the aid of CBB platform, the real-time electrical signals can be applied to monitor the therapeutic efficacy of the nanocarriers in drug delivery system and screening large libraries of potential drugs for cancer treatment. Moreover, our pilot study indicates that our CBB could be a feasible platform to reduce/replace the use of animals based on the “Three R principles” in animal-based research in the future. Figure 1

Identity crisis of nanostructures inside the human body: a perspective on inflammation

Advances in nanotechnology have attracted a lot of potential medical applications, such as therapeutic agents, diagnostics, and theranostics for complex diseases. The intersection of nanotechnologies, molecular and cell biology, and medicine can function to improve human health and quality of life, making healthcare a primary target of nanotechnology research. However, this seems like a promising future, ethical, health, and safety concerns must be considered before a reasoned evaluation of the situation can be made. Most nanostructures, however, typically fail to reach their intended targets because they get trapped inside innate immune cells. Since little is known about how nanomaterials and nanotechnologies change their identity inside the biological system, there is a wide-ranging discussion on possible concerns. In this regard, we present a perspective on how biological systems may interact with nanoscale materials and how that interaction might affect cellular recognition of nanostructures. We will also discuss dynamic modifications of the nanomaterials inside biological systems and, in particular, inflammation responses.

Metal-Organic Frameworks Meet Polymers: From Synthesis Strategies to Healthcare Applications.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been at the forefront of nanotechnological research for the past decade owing to their high porosity, high surface area, diverse configurations, and controllable chemical structures. They are a rapidly developing class of nanomaterials that are predominantly applied in batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, sensors, drug delivery, gas separation, adsorption, and storage. However, the limited functions and unsatisfactory performance of MOFs resulting from their low chemical and mechanical stability hamper further development. Hybridizing MOFs with polymers is an excellent solution to these problems, because polymers-which are soft, flexible, malleable, and processable-can induce unique properties in the hybrids based on those of the two disparate components while retaining their individuality. This review highlights recent advances in the preparation of MOF-polymer nanomaterials. Furthermore, several applications wherein the incorporation of polymers enhances the MOF performance are discussed, such as anticancer therapy, bacterial elimination, imaging, therapeutics, protection from oxidative stress and inflammation, and environmental remediation. Finally, insights from the focus of existing research and design principles for mitigating future challenges are presented.

How to Choose the Right AFM Probe for Your Experiment

Abstract Atomic force microscopes (AFMs) have emerged as the principal enabling tool for nanotechnology research. They are used ubiquitously in a wide range of fields: from 2D materials, semiconductors, ferroelectrics, and batteries to biomolecules, polymers, and cell biology. As the name implies, AFMs are microscopes. However, rather than using focused light or electrons to magnify sample features, AFMs scan a mechanical probe with a very sharp tip over the surface to create a high-resolution 3D topographical image. Further, by modifying the probe composition or structure, other material properties (electrical, mechanical, magnetic, etc.) can be simultaneously measured and mapped onto the topographic image for precise structure/property correlation. Clearly, the probe is key to unlocking the power of the AFM, thus, choosing the right probe is critical. In this article, we will provide novice and experienced users with basic information and guidelines to simplify the AFM probe selection process.

NANOINFORMATICS, COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR NANOMEDICINE

Nanoinformatics emerged in the early 21st century as a response to the need for computer applications at the nano level. While nanomaterials offer the potential for developing new devices in various industrial and scientific fields, they also provide revolutionary perspectives in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in humans. This review paper analyzes different aspects of nanoinformatics with a special focus on nanomedicine. Another important aspect is the use of informatics in further advancing the biological and clinical applications of basic research in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanoinformatics can accelerate the development of the emerging field of nanomedicine, similar to what happened with the Human Genome and other -omics projects, through the exchange of modeling and simulation methods and tools, linking toxicity information with clinical and personal databases, or developing new approaches for scientific studies.

The current state of electrospinning technology and its prospects for the future

With the development of nanotechnology and modern research methods, the use of biodegradable polymer materials in various sectors of human life is of interest not only to the scientific world community, but also i a way to solve one of the global problems related to resource conservation and environmental protection. Polyvinyl alcohol-based materials have been widely used in various fields due to their biological and physical properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial ability, non-toxicity and the ability to easily form a film. One of the methods of obtaining polymer films that exist today is electrospinning, the advantages of which are the relative simplicity of the technological process and the possibility of obtaining continuous nanofibers from both synthetic and natural polymers. In this work, the influence of various process parameters on the formation of nanofiber mats from a biodegradable synthetic polymer by electrospinning was studied. The technology of wet spinning, melt spinning and dry spinning is discussed. A number of experimental studies have been carried out to identify optimal modes of obtaining nanofibers from polyvinyl alcohol with the most homogeneous structure without the formation of defects.