Nano-silicon Dioxide Research Articles

Influence of Nano-Silica/Chitosan Film Coating on the Quality of ‘Tommy Atkins’ Mango

In this study, we assessed the coating of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes with films containing chitosan and nano-silicon dioxide in terms of the effects on fruit parameters as an indicator of quality. After coating, the fruits were first stored at 13 ± 1 °C and 90–95% RH for 30 days, and then at 20 ± 2 °C and 70–75% RH for 5 days, which corresponds to the marketing period. The results showed that coating treatments significantly decreased the fruits’ weight loss and decay percentage compared to the uncoated control samples over the storage period. Additionally, all coated treatments delayed skin degreening, reduced endogenous ethylene production, suppressed respiration rate, and maintained the firmness, compared to untreated control fruit. Titratable acidity and vitamin C significantly decreased in all samples during storage, but this decrease was less pronounced in the coated fruits. Furthermore, coating can delay the increments in total soluble solids and total sugars while maintaining total phenolics, and high antioxidant content of fruits, thereby extending the effective length of the marketing period of treated fruits compared to the control. It was shown that the coating combination of 2% chitosan plus 1% nano-silicon dioxide was the most successful in maintaining the mango’s quality under cold storage and during marketing.

Water resistance and flexural properties of three nano-fillers reinforced corn straw/polyvinyl chloride composites

This paper reports an investigation into the effects of nano-silicon dioxide, nano-titanium dioxide and nano-aluminum oxide (nano-SiO2, nano-TiO2, and nano-Al2O3) on the water resistance and flexural properties of corn straw/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites under simulated soil accelerated aging conditions, and the reinforcing effect of three nano-fillers was compared. The results indicated that the addition of nano-fillers exhibited a positive effect on the water resistance and flexural resistance properties of corn straw/PVC composites, especially nano-SiO2. After 21 d of the simulated soil accelerated aging, the nano-SiO2 reinforced composites had relatively low water absorption and moisture absorption rates, and the similar enhancement effect was also found with flexural strength, flexural modulus and flexural creep resistance. The microstructure of nano-SiO2 reinforced composites showed no significant breakage or pullout of the fiber, and the voids and the micro-cracks cannot be found in SEM observation indicating stronger interfacial bonding strength, thus improving the water-resistance and flexural resistance properties.

A detailed study on the enhanced anti-corrosion properties of nano silicon dioxide additive influencing calcium modified zinc phosphate coating on mild steel

A detailed study on the enhanced anti-corrosion properties of nano silicon dioxide additive influencing calcium modified zinc phosphate coating on mild steel

A detailed study on the enhanced anti-corrosion properties of nano silicon dioxide additive influencing calcium modified zinc phosphate coating on mild steel

A detailed study on the enhanced anti-corrosion properties of nano silicon dioxide additive influencing calcium modified zinc phosphate coating on mild steel

Determination of prohibition mechanism of cationic polymer / SiO2 composite as inhibitor in water using drilling fluid

Well drilling is complicated by wellbore inflation caused by saturation and swells in shale. Water-based drilling fluids (WDFs) were used to test the new NS-DD shale inhibitors, which is a nano-silicon dioxide/cationic polymer composite (NS-DD). Shale cuttings rolled restoration evaluations and bentonite inhibition evaluations were utilised to compare the inhibition performance of NS-DD to that of the classic inhibitory (Potassium Chloride) KCl and the widely used inhibitory polyether di-amine (PDA). Even at high temperatures, the inhibitory efficiency of nano silicon-dioxide was superior to that of KCl and PDA. However, when NS-DD was present, the restoration of shale was more than71.8% while hot rolling at 160 °C for 18 h in the occurrence of KCl as well as PDA. The third roll recovery of shale was 28.62 % and 42.15 % correspondingly. According to XRD obtained from WDFs filter cake and shale samples, the NS-DD adsorbs water into the reservoir and causes the shale to expand, therefore blocking water absorption into reservoir and producing shale swelling. This study showed that NS-DD might be used as a shale inhibitor in Water-based drilling fluids.

Nanofibrillated cellulose/nano SiO2/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films: Evaluation of properties

Effects of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and nano-silicon dioxide on dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and physical properties of nanocomposites films made of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) were investigated. For this purpose, the nanoparticles were mixed with PVOH at 0%, 5%, and 10% weight. Water absorption, dynamic mechanical thermal, transparency, and wettability properties were evaluated according to corresponding standard test methods. The morphology of nanocomposites was explored by using a field emission scanning electron microscope technique. The films became increasingly opaque with increasing nanoparticles contents, although the composites also retained moderate transparency. According to the results of the tests, the dynamic mechanical thermal (DMTA) properties of PVOH composite films were significantly improved with the increase of NFC and silica nanoparticles loading. The samples containing 20 wt% of nano-SiO2 exhibited higher hydrophobicity compared with that of 20 wt% NFC.

Analysis of Nano-Silicon Dioxide Modified Waste Building Brick Materials in the Application of Adsorption and Removal of Water Pollutants

This study is to investigate the effect of nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2) modified waste building bricks (WBBs) in adsorbing pollutants in water. The Stober method is adopted to complete the preparation of nano-SiO2. Afterwards, the prepared SiO2 is modified with 3-(methacryloyl chloride) propyltrimethoxysilane (MPS). The modified SiO2 (MPS-SiO2) is loaded on the surface of the construction waste bricks to analyze the characterization of the modified construction waste bricks and their adsorption to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in wastewater. Both the energy spectrum and infrared spectrum of the MPS-SiO2 show the characteristic peaks of MPS. It shows that the modification of nano-SiO2 by MPS is feasible. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of MPS-SiO2 WBBs has not changed much from before the treatment, but the infrared spectrum of MPS-SiO2 shows the characteristic peak of MPS. Such results indicate that MPS-SiO2 can be successfully loaded to the surface of waste building bricks. Temperature, initial concentration, and pH of waste liquid have a great influence on the adsorption of MPS-SiO2 WBBs to P and N wastewater. MPS-SiO2 building waste bricks are most suitable for treating phosphorus wastewater with an initial pH of 2 and an initial concentration of 50~150 mg/L. The treatment effect of ammonia nitrogen wastewater with a concentration greater than 50 mg/L is not good. The treatment effect of ammonia nitrogen wastewater with an initial pH of 4~7 is better. The waste building brick materials modified by nano-SiO2 have a good prospect in the treatment of water pollution, and are worthy of further in-depth exploration.

Hydrophilic modification through incorporation of nanoparticles in ultrafiltration membranes

Ultrafiltration membranes were prepared from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) blends by phase inversion method and modified separately through the incorporation of nano-Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and nano-Titanium dioxide (TiO2). The effects of variation of polymer blend ratios and nanoparticle (NP) concentrations on the properties and performance of membranes were studied. Compare to virgin blend membranes, NPs modified membranes displayed higher hydrophilicity, surface charge, lower surface roughness, higher water flux and better antifouling properties. Flux enhancement for 70:30 and 30:70 PAN-PVDF blend membranes at optimum nano-silica loading are 106% and 163.2% and at optimum nano-TiO2 loading 106% and 126.5 % respectively compared to virgin membranes. The flux recovery ratio values are 84.2%, 94.5% for nano-silica and 87.3% and 86.1% for nano-TiO2 modified 70:30 and 30:70 PAN-PVDF blend membranes respectively.

The effect of silicon dioxide nanoparticle‐covered graphene oxide on mechanical properties, thermal stability and rheological performance of thermoplastic polyurethanes

AbstractA two‐step grafting procedure has been used to graft tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and nano silicon dioxide (SiO2), onto graphene oxide (GO) surface. The resulting modified GO, that was TGOS, which was used as a reinforcement in thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). Mechanical properties, thermal stability and rheological properties of composites were investigated. Results showed that the addition of TGOS significantly improved the mechanical properties of TPU compared with the pure TPU sample. Tensile strength and elongation at break of TPU were increased by 50.8 and 18.6%, respectively, when the addition amount was only 0.5 wt%. TG results showed that the addition of TGOS improved the heat resistance of TPU. Complex viscosity, storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") of TPU composites with different additions were analyzed by rheological tests, the results showed that the addition of TGOS improved the deformation resistance of TPU. Meanwhile, TPU composites present highG',G", and complex viscosity with the increase of TGOS filling amount in the low frequency region.

Nano-Silicon Dioxide-Optimized Cementitious Composite Material in the Restoration of Concrete Cracks in House Building

This study aimed to investigate the restoration performance of nanocomposite materials used in house building. The ethyl orthosilicate was used as raw material, the sol–gel method was adopted to synthesize nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2), and the doped nano-SiO2 cementitious composite material was prepared. Then, the mechanical properties of the cementitious composite material based on different nano-SiO2 content was analysed through the characterization and performance test. The results showed that the nano-SiO2 prepared this time had regular crystal phases, small particle size, and certain thermal stability, with fully developed crystal grains. By analysing the mechanical properties of nano-SiO2 doped cementitious composites, it was found that the initial setting time and final setting time both showed an upward trend when the doped content of nano-SiO2 was less than 3%. Besides, the initial setting time and final setting time of cementitious composites decreased when the content was 3%–5%. The fluidity analysis indicated that the fluidity of cementified composites gradually dropped with the growth of nano-SiO2 content. The test results of mechanical properties of cementitious composites doped with nano-SiO2 revealed that the flexural strength and compressive strength of cementitious composites presented a trend of first rising and then falling, as the nano-SiO2 content rose. Shrinkage test results showed that the shrinkage rate of the gel composites increased with the growth of duration. The specific surface area and pore ratio measurement results indicated that the specific surface area of the cementitious composite doped with nano-SiO2 was 33.42 m2/g, and the porosity was small. In conclusion, the nano-SiO2-doped cementitious composite material synthesized in this study had good mechanical properties and could be applied in the repair of concrete cracks in house building.

Evaluation the Effect of Adding Silanized Silicon Dioxide Nano Filler and Carbon Nanotube Composite on Some Properties of Heat Cured Acrylic Denture Base Material

The mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are still far from ideal to fulfill the perfect mechanical requirements for dental applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of silanized silicon dioxide Nano filler (SiO2) and carbon nanotube on some properties of heat cured acrylic resin denture base material.Materials and methods: One hundred sixty (160) prepared specimens were divided into 4 groups according to the tests, each group consisted of 40 specimens and these were subdivided into 4 groups (unreinforced heat cured acrylic resin as control group),reinforced acrylic resin with (1%wt carbon nanotube and 3%wt silanized silicon dioxide) group and reinforced acrylic with(1.5%wt carbon nanotube and 5%wt silanized silicon dioxide)and reinforced acrylic with (1.5%wt carbon nanotube and 7%wt silanized silicon dioxide) .The tensile strength, transverse strength, indentation hardness(shore D), water sorption and solubility were investigated . The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA test with LSD multiple comparisons.Results: The result of this study shows a highly significant increase in tensile strength, surface hardness, transverse strength and significant decrease water sorption and water solubility with studied groups (the addition of carbon nanotube and silanized silicon dioxide) to PMMA than control group, also the best results were obtained with acrylic resin reinforced with(1.5%wt carbon nanotube and 5%wt silanized silicon dioxide).Conclusion: The addition of a mixture of carbon nanotube (1.5%wt) and silanized nano silicon dioxide (5%wt) to PMMA acrylic resins improves its mechanical and physical properties.

Characterization and preliminary safety evaluation of nano-SiO2 isolated from instant coffee

The physiological and toxicological evaluation of nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) particles in food is important for ensuring food safety. In this study, nano-SiO2 particles isolated from five brands of instant coffee, were structurally characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential analyses. Their toxicity was assessed by measuring cell viability, membrane integrity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in model gastrointestinal cells (GES-1 and Caco-2). Additionally, mortality, deformity rate, heart rate and death of whole zebra fish embryos were measured. The five types of nano-SiO2 samples comprised amorphous particles with a purity of approximately 99%, which met the food additive standard. Considering that the original particle size ranged from 10 to 50 nm, the samples were classified as nano-SiO2 food additives. Nano-SiO2 did not significantly impact the activity of GES-1 or Caco-2 cells, and no significant cell membrane damage was observed (Caco-2 cells exhibited mild micro damage); however, a slight increase in intracellular RPS levels was detected. Moreover, nano-SiO2 was found to cause head deformity, pericardial edema, yolk sac edema and tail bending. Collectively, the results show that nano-SiO2 time- and dose-dependently affects GES-1 and Caco-2 cell viability, as well as the mortality, heart rate, and abnormality rate of zebra fish embryos. Specifically, a high concentration (≥ 200 μg/mL) and long exposure time (≥ 48 h) of food additive nano-SiO2 affected GES-1, Caco-2 cells, and the gastrointestinal tract in zebra fish embryos.

Effect of nano SiO2 on mechanical properties of micro-steel fibers reinforced geopolymer composites

This paper presents the mechanical properties of micro steel fiber reinforced fly ash geopolymer composites containing different amounts of nano-silica. Four different fly ash-based geopolymer composites (GPC) are prepared by using a fixed amount of micro-steel fibers (0.5% by weight) and four different amounts of nano silicon dioxide (SiO2) consisting of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% amounts by weight. The GPC with 0% nano SiO2 having 0.5% micro-steel fibers is taken as the control mix. Different mechanical and microstructural properties of fabricated GPC are examined by assessing their stress-strain behavior, compressive strength, flexural strength, bending load-deflection behavior, impact strength, fracture toughness, toughness modulus, elastic modulus, toughness indices, hardness, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The outcomes of tests depicted that the addition of nano SiO2 significantly enhanced the mechanical properties and microstructure of micro-steel fiber-reinforced GPC by producing a denser matrix and refining the interfacial zones. According to the results of this study, the recommended amount of nano SiO2 to be utilized in GPC for the optimal behavior is 2%.

Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol/SiO2 Nanocomposite Films: Physicochemical and Structural Characterization

In the present study, the effects of the two ratios of polyvinyl alcohol /Chitosan (1:1 and 3:1) and nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) (0, 0.5, and 1%) on structural and physicochemical properties of PVA/Chitosan/ nano-SiO2 nanocomposite films were investigated. Our findings showed that the treatments' water solubility (WS) in the presence of nano-SiO2 and higher PVA content was decreased, and the lowest amount was in P3C1-1% (59%). The addition of silica nanoparticles decreased the water vapor permeability (WVP) of films, and the lowest amount of WVP was for treatment with a ratio of 1:1 of PVA/chitosan and 1% nano-SiO2 (P3C1-1%) which was 3.08× 10-10 g m s-1m-2 Pa. Tensile strength (Ts) value was achieved 35.86 MPa in higher PVA content and 1% of nano-SiO2 (P3C1-1%) which was the highest. However, the light transmission value of all treatments did not differ greatly. According to the FTIR results, the appropriate interaction between both polymers and nano-SiO2 was observed in the concentration of 1% nano-SiO2 in P1C1. Eventually, significant improvement of structural and physicochemical properties of the films could achieve in higher PVA content and concentration of 1% of nano-SiO2. Based on these results, these nanocomposite films could be considered suitable for the packaging sector and preserve food quality.

Effects of nanosilicon dioxide on leaf anatomy, chlorophyll fluorescence, and mineral element composition of strawberry under salinity stress

Leaf morphology and anatomy are important criteria to evaluate plant tolerance to salinity stress. Therefore, in this study the morphophysiological responses of strawberry (Fragaria’× anansa Duchesne “Camarosa”) plants treated with nanosilicon (nSiO2) were investigated under salt-stress conditions. The plants in a complete nutrient solution designed for strawberry were exposed to salt stress (0, 25, or 50 mM NaCl) and treated with nanosilicon before (0, 50, or 100 mg L−1) or after (0 or 50 mg L−1) floweringConcentrations of sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), and calcium (Ca) increased in plants exposed to salt stress, whereas silicon (Si), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) decreased. In the presence of nanosilicon, strawberry plants absorbed K, P, and Ca from the nutrient solution and transferred the nutrients to leaves effectively. Only a little amount of Ca, Cl, or Na was transferred to leaves with presence of nanosilicon. The adverse effects of salinity on phyllochron, flowering, and fruit set, and fruit production parameters were suppressed by application of nanosilicon. Analysis by optical microscopy revealed that salt stress limited the number of parenchyma cells, leaf thickness, epidermis cell thickness, and mesophyll thickness, thereby leading to restrictions in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency. Nanosilicon application reduced negative effects of salinity by improving cell wall thickness, providing higher content of water, and leading to increased chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Overall, these observations indicated that application of nanosilicon can suppress the adverse effect of salinity on anatomical and physiological changes of strawberry plants.

Manufacturing and Characterisation of Polymeric Membranes for Water Treatment and Numerical Investigation of Mechanics of Nanocomposite Membranes.

In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membranes containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with and without support layers of 130 and 150 μm thickness are manufactured using the phase inversion method and then experimentally characterised. For the characterisation of membranes, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and pore size analysis are performed, the contact angle and water content of membranes are measured and the tensile test is applied to membranes without support layers. Using the results obtained from the tensile tests, the mechanical properties of the halloysite nanotube (HNT) and nano-silicon dioxide (nano SiO2) reinforced nanocomposite membranes are approximately determined by the Mori–Tanaka homogenisation method without applying any further mechanical tests. Then, plain polymeric and PES and PVDF based nanocomposite membranes are modelled using the finite element method to determine the effect of the geometry of the membrane on the mechanical behaviour for fifteen different geometries. The modelled membranes compared in terms of three different criteria: equivalent stress (von Mises), displacement, and in-plane principal strain. Based on the data obtained from the characterisation part of the study and the numerical analysis, the membrane with the best performance is determined. The most appropriate shape and material for a membrane for water treatment is specified as a 1% HNT doped PVDF based elliptical membrane.

The construction of amphiphilic chemical modified nano silicon dioxide reinforced foam system

For high temperature reservoirs, solid particle foaming stabilizers were commonly used to improve the long-term stability of foam because they were not sensitive to temperature and salinity. Solid particles which could only be dispersed in the solution were easy to agglomerate and sink, and as a result, they could reduce the foaming effect. Consequently, it is necessary to modify the solid particles. The modified solid particles have good dispersion in water, moderate wettability, and can be adsorbed on the gas-liquid interface stably, thus improving the stability of the foam. Nano-silica particles are the most common solid particle foaming stabilizer. The amphiphilic chemically modified nano-silica in this topic was introduced by the reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and vapor-phase hydrophilic nano-silica to introduce active amino groups and access the long hydrophobic chain and hydrophilic group on the surface of nano-silica through the substitution reaction. Because amphiphilic molecule was connected to the nano silicon dioxide by chemical bonds, modified nanoparticles adsorption in the bubble liquid film, through the introduction of amphiphilic molecules and foaming agent membrane molecular association, on the one hand, “with” tight liquid film, on the other hand, the “pull” boycott particles flocculated sink, granting the bubble stronger stability. The fabricated nanocomposites were comprehensively characterized including various morphological, compositional and structural characterizations with Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and foam performance test under different conditions. Results demonstrated that nanometer SiO 2 was successfully modified, and compared with that before modification, modified SiO 2 had appropriate wettability, better temperature resistance, and the half-life of liquid extract at 100 °C was improved by about 5 min. At last, the enhanced oil recovery of tree distinct foam systems was tested by core flood. The recovery rate of the modified SiO 2 foam system can be increased by 19.8%. • The chemical modification of nano silicon dioxide was carried out to construct the high temperature stable foam system. • The modified nanoparticles enhance foam stability through the association of the amphiphilic molecule and the liquid film. • The distinction from the reported surfactant modification is the reaction with the hydroxyl group on the silica surface.

Performance Study of Nano/SiO2 Films and the Antimicrobial Application on Cantaloupe Fruit Shelf-Life

In the current study, novel films with chitosan/nano/SiO2/nisin films and their antimicrobial application on cantaloupe fruit shelf-life have been studied. Novel films were prepared by the addition of 1% chitosan, 1% nano silicon dioxide, and 1% nisin and freeze-dried for the performance study. Physicochemical properties such as tensile strength, optical, and thermal properties with the performance characteristics of the novel films were measured. Coated and uncoated cantaloupes with various coating solutions were stored and chilled at 4 °C in a relative humidity of 70% for up to nine days. The microbial population measurements have been detected every three days. Results show that the fourier transform infrared intensity (FTIR) of nano/SiO2 and with the addition of nisin (nano/SiO2/n) were higher than chitosan (CH) film except in the wavenumber (3150–3750 cm−1) films peaks. Novel nanofilms enhanced tensile strength as well as optical and thermal properties. XRD analysis reported two distinct peak values of 32.08 and 45.99 to correspond to nano/SiO2/n film orientation (7095) and (3316), respectively. Zeta potential values and turbidity were increased, while nano/SiO2 films decreased the hydrophobicity of the film surface by 80.07°. The coating treatments with nano/SiO2 and nano/SiO2/n both reduced the yeast and mold counts 2.49 and 1.92 log CFU/g, respectively, on day nine. In summary, chitosan/nano/SiO2/n novel film improved the functional properties of coating films, and those bio-nanocomposites are effective in food packaging.

Fabrication of superhydrophobic bilayer composite coating for roof cooling and cleaning

Building energy consumption is an important part of energy consumption. Cooling materials can be applied to reduce building energy consumption. In this study, chromium trioxide (Cr2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were introduced into low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix to prepare the solar-infrared reflective layers, then styrene–butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) and surface functionalized nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2) superhydrophobic coating was constructed on the surface forming bilayer composites applying for building roof. It was found that SBS/SiO2 coating had higher roughness, which provoked a soaring contact angle of about 160° realizing superhydrophobic surfaces. Withal, the contact angle was invariant nearly 160° after dropping the solution of calcium chloride (pH = 6), acid (pH = 2), and alkali (pH = 13) on the surface, which engendered chemical stability and anti-pollution property. Subsequently, the emissivity of LDPE and 10 wt% Cr2O3 composites coated with SBS/SiO2 coating (LDPE/Cr-10/S) as well LDPE and 10 wt% TiO2 composites coated with SBS/SiO2 coating (LDPE/Ti-10/S) were increased to 83% and 83.9% along with high near-infrared reflectance was 47% and 63.1% separately. Simultaneously, when the initial temperature was 24 °C for 1 h under strong light irradiation in indoors, the final temperature of glass was 69 °C while the finished temperature of LDPE/Cr-10/S and LDPE/Ti-10/S were reduced to 30.5 °C and 25.8 °C respectively, showing the excellent cooling property.

A semi-quantitative risk ranking of potential human exposure to engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in Europe.

Large quantities of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have emerged on the European market with the rapid development of nanotechnology, however knowledge of potential health risks to humans remains in its infancy. The ENP safety issue is of pressing concern as their novel physicochemical characteristics have been illustrated compared to other bulk-form counterparts. Therefore, it is critical to carry out a comprehensive risk assessment for ENPs to guide risk management in industrial sectors. Based on current data availability, a risk ranking model is developed in accordance with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) advice for ENP risk assessment. In this study a Quantity, Exposure, Hazard (QEH) risk scoring model was adopted for characterizing both quantitative and qualitative data, including potential exposure pathways and hazard information. Scores were assigned to quantities of ENPs used in consumer products, intake likelihoods (oral, inhalation, and dermal intake), and hazard potential. Exposure through environmental routes and through consumer products are regarded as significant potential exposure routes. This model prioritized ENPs used in Europe according to human health risk potential. Nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) ranked the highest, resulting from exposure through consumer products. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP), as the second most critical ENP, is of most concern in terms of the risk from environmental sinks. Regarding the compartmentalization of total ENP risks to humans, the consumption of consumer products with nano-ingredients, especially nano-TiO2, nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2), and AgNP, constitutes the majority of the QEH risk index. The inadequacy of ENP risk management procedures is highlighted, not only during manufacturing, but also during nanomaterial waste disposal processes from marketplace through to the environment. Current risk assessments are based upon recent knowledge of the ENP class as novel pollutants, highlighting the need for further quantification of underlying risks as data emerges.