Nano Sensors Research Articles

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell performance measurement analysis using Arduino Board

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell is a type of solar cell that is being developed by researchers around the world. The purpose of this research is to analyse the performance measurement of DSSC using Arduino Nano. The DSSC used as the sample is the result of fabrication with the pipette method and red fruit colouring material. The data measurement method is carried out in real-time using Arduino nano devices and sensors that have been assembled. The measurement results are presented in the form of graphs and tables, while the parameters measured include intensity, current, and voltage. While power is the current and voltage values, efficiency is the ratio between the input and output values. The value of the test results shows the maximum voltage value is 0.020 V, the current is 1.800 A, power is 0.036 W/m2, and efficiency is 0.007%.

Indirect overgrowth as a synthesis route for superior diamond nano sensors

The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (hbox {NV}^{-}) center shows excellent spin properties and sensing capabilities on the nanoscale even at room temperature. Shallow implanted hbox {NV}^{-} centers can effectively be protected from surface noise by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond overgrowth, i.e. burying them homogeneously deeper in the crystal. However, the origin of the substantial losses in hbox {NV}^{-} centers after overgrowth remains an open question. Here, we use shallow hbox {NV}^{-} centers to exclude surface etching and identify the passivation reaction of NV to NVH centers during the growth as the most likely reason. Indirect overgrowth featuring low energy (2.5–5 keV) nitrogen ion implantation and CVD diamond growth before the essential annealing step reduces this passivation phenomenon significantly. Furthermore, we find higher nitrogen doses to slow down the NV–NVH conversion kinetics, which gives insight into the sub-surface diffusion of hydrogen in diamond during growth. Finally, nano sensors fabricated by indirect overgrowth combine tremendously enhanced T_2 and T_2^* times with an outstanding degree of depth-confinement which is not possible by implanting with higher energies alone. Our results improve the understanding of CVD diamond overgrowth and pave the way towards reliable and advanced engineering of shallow hbox {NV}^{-} centers for future quantum sensing devices.

Analysis of Longitudinal Wave Propagation in a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube with Surface Irregularity via Donnell Thin Shell Approach

In the reinforcement of the structure of carbon nanotubes, irregularities may occur as consequences of manufacturing defect, servicing reckless, environmental damages, etc. Hence, it is of great importance to deal with various constructions of single-walled carbon nanotubes to study wave propagation. This study is the first attempt to show the impacts of the surface irregularity on waves propagating in a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) using Donnell thin shell approach. A new closed-form of the characteristics equation is derived. The results show that, the presence of surface irregularities effects the natural frequency of longitudinal waves propagating in the single-walled carbon nanotubes. In this work, the theoretical investigation and numerical results are important to predict the phenomenon of wave propagation in irregular single-walled carbon nanotubes, which can be used as a useful reference for the designs of Nano drive devices, Nano oscillators and Nano sensors.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Justicia adhatodaplant extract with its diverse properties

In the past few years, the science of nanostructure and technology has gained magnificent attention in the worldwide area of research and technology because of its capability to show various applications which are high thermal and electrical properties, magnetic properties, optical properties, catalytic properties, mechanical properties etc. These properties suits them for different technology and uses such as drug design, pharmaceuticals, space applications, cosmetics, medical industries, photo imaging, nano sensors used for the detection and monitoring of biomolecules. It is also suitable in the environmental field of mosquiticidal, antimicrobial properties. This article is basically focused on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in a greener procedure by using the leaves of Justicia adhatoda (also called as Malabar nut) which is a medicinal plant used for cough, asthma, allergic conditions, excessive uterine bleeding, heavy menstruation etc. and is seen in various parts of India. The silver nanoparticles once synthesized were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy and XRD technique. Later, the particles were analysed for antimicrobial activity against two strains of microorganisms. This greener method that we used is simple, economically feasible, environment friendly and does not produce any harmful substances.

Two-dimensional Janus monolayers of MoSSe as promising sensor towards selected adulterants compounds

Selective detection of different types of adulterants present in food items is necessary and efficient nano sensors for such applications are of vital importance. In this study, recently synthesized two-dimensional (2D) Janus monolayer of MoSSe has been explored to detect various food adulterants like formalin (CH2O), histamine (C5H9N3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). By using first principles density functional theory calculations, we find that the incident adulterants weakly bind with pristine MoSSe, however the adsorption energies (Eads) are significantly improved upon vacancy defects and foreign elements substitutions. Furthermore, the sensing mechanism is studied in presence of water for the applications in practical working conditions. Energetic evaluation shows that both H2O2 and histamine result into stronger Eads as compared to formalin over defect induced MoSSe; whereas, the presence of water further enhances the adsorption of H2O2. In addition to the adsorption characteristics, charge transfer mechanism and electronic structures of pristine and defect induced MoSSe monolayers upon the exposure of studied adulterants have also been studied. Boltzmann thermochemical statistics further verified the explicabilities of pristine and defected MoSSe monolayers for in vitro test of adulterants in food products. Suitable Eads values and measurable changes in the electronic properties indicate the potential of MoSSe monolayers as efficient nano sensors towards selected adulterants for their applications in food processing, biotechnology, healthcare and medical laboratories.

From waste to a value added product: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from onion peels together with its diverse applications

Nanotechnology has gained considerable attention in the present century due to its peculiar properties make it as an effective candidate in multidisciplinary fields with numerous applications. Nanoparticles displays characteristic chemical and physical properties like stability, high thermal and electrical conductivity, optical properties and catalytic activity. These made them promising material for applications in different fields like space applications, industry, photo imaging, photo thermal therapy, cosmetics and medical applications, nano sensors for the detection of biomolecules and several environmental parameters, drug delivery, anti-microbial, anti-pathogens and mosquiticidal uses. The article focuses on the preparing of silver nanoparticles through a greener strategy from a substrate onion peel, which is a domestic waste. The particles synthesized were characterized using UV–Vis Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction. Furthermore, the particles were tested for its antimicrobial activity against two strains of microorganisms. The development of biosensor for environmental contaminants such as heavy metals were also approached. The green pathway we followed are sustainable, environmentally benign, simple, cost-effective and does not produce any harmful byproducts.

Metal Oxide Thin Films for Chemical and UV Sensors

Highly sensitive and fast responding Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nano sensors are developed for CO gas and other materials such as methanol and methane. Nano-porous TiO2 thin films are prepared from a colloidal solution of TiO2 nano particles (P-25) in ethanol by spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) technique. Initially the TiO2 films are grown at 60 0C and after the deposition, backed in an oven at 65 0C overnight and then annealed at 450 0C for one hour to get anatase phase. The surface morphology and structural properties of the films are studied using SEM and XRD. For sensor applications, two gold contacts separated by 0.25 mm are made on quartz substrate. A sensing and testing system has been developed based on change in the resistance of the TiO2 film. CO gas (2% in Air) through mass flow controller is used for repeated five minutes cycles of air and CO at different temperatures in the range of 200 0C to 350 0C. Response and sensitivity of the sensor has been studied. Same apparatus and sensor is also used to detect UV, methane and methanol respectively.

2D Sb2C3 monolayer: A promising material for the recyclable gas sensor for environmentally toxic nitrogen-containing gases (NCGs)

Based on density functional theory investigation, we exposed the potential application of hexagonal Sb2C3 nanosheet as highly sensitive material for nitrogen-containing gases (NCGs) NH3, NO2 and NO molecules. Our rigorous simulations show that NH3, NO2 and NO molecules shows physisorption on the Sb2C3 nanosheet via vdW DFT-D3 interactions. The calculations were carried out by considering that the monolayer Sb2C3 as the sensor material modulated with its electrical conductivity when its surface adsorbs the gas molecules for their various orientations and positions. It is also found that the magnetic properties are induced in non-magnetic Sb2C3 nanosheet by adsorption of NO molecule. The interaction of the Sb2C3 nanosheet with the gas molecules is further analysed by the charge density difference (CDD), electrostatic potential (ESP) and Bader charge analysis. Our analysis indicates a strong possibility for the detection of NO2 and NO gas molecules by the Sb2C3 based sensor, due to the associated significant changes in the conductivity and reasonable adsorption energy. Also, in the visible region at T = 300 K, very low recovery times have been found as 431 μs, 785.01 s and 53.8 μs for NH3, NO2 and NO, respectively, which strongly suggest the Sb2C3 nanosheets as a better reversible multi-time gas sensor material towards the NCGs adsorption. We also explored the humidity effect on the NCGs based 2D Sb2C3 sensor material. The current-voltage (I–V) characteristics also confirmed the suitability of 2D Sb2C3 in real-time applications. Overall, present work reveals that the 2D Sb2C3 nanosheets as a promising material for semiconductor-based nano sensors for environmentally hazard pollutants like NCG molecules.

Withdrawal Notice: Nano Sensors: Designing and Fabrication, Applications for Flexible Devices and Future Perspectives

The article has been withdrawn by the publishers because the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to approve the final version of the manuscript. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.

SOLUÇÃO DE BAIXO CUSTO PARA O MONITORAMENTO DE SINAIS VITAIS, EM TEMPO REAL, FAZENDO USO DE SENSORES E ARDUINO

The health monitoring system has become indispensable in the treatment of patients, especially for those who have chronic illnesses and need real-time observation from doctors and specialists. This article presents a low-cost wireless solution for monitoring, in real time, vital signs such as cardiac beats, breathing and blood pressure, collecting and sending data to a remote computer. During development, a wireless sensor box was created, using Arduino Nano and bluetooh sensors, where this box is attached to the patient's body, respecting the patient's flexibility and mobility during physical exercises. During the monitoring, the captured data is transmitted via the bluetooh network. The box uses a battery for its food. After the evaluation, the solution obtained a performance and correctness of the data close to 100%, being considered fit for use. Several experiments were carried out to analyze, quantify and qualify the solution, being discussed and presented in this paper.

Characterization and Applications of Titanium alloy with Nickel and Niobium based Shape memory alloys by Molecular Dynamic Simulation–A review

Characterization of Shape memory alloys using simulations like molecular dynamics (MD) approach is a difficult but at the same time it is an effective process. In this article, recent works on MD simulation of titanium-based shape memory alloys which can be used as nano sensors for sensing various properties like temperature, pressure and relative humidity were discussed. The accuracy of MD simulation is based on potentials like modified embedded atom method to study its mechanical behavior at different temperatures in atomic scale. Also, the force between individual particles of the alloy was calculated to determine the mechanical properties of shape memory alloys depending on the interparticle free space. Hence in this article authors were discussed various types of potentials and its effectiveness to characterize mechanical properties. Also, this article gives an overview of Nickel and Niobium based titanium alloy on various application.

Photothermal Sensing of Nano-Devices Made of Graphene Materials.

Graphene is widely used as the basic materials of nano optical devices and sensors on account of its special structures and excellent photoelectric properties. Graphene is considered as an ideal material for photodetectors because of its ultra-wide absorption spectrum from the ultraviolet to the terahertz band, ultrahigh carrier mobility and ultrafast photoreaction speed. In this study, a photothermal nano-device was made using graphene that was transferred to an electrode using an all-dry viscoelastic stamping method. The nano-device has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency and instant measurement. This nano-device was used to measure the light absorption of graphene, and the calculated light absorption rate of graphene is basically consistent with previous research results. Experiments on irradiation at different wavelengths and thermal heating at different temperatures show that the nano-device has an excellent response to near-infrared and mid-infrared light. The conclusions provide an experimental basis for the research, design and fabrication of nano-devices, and this device can provide an effective method for detecting light and temperature in areas such as electronic components and solar cells.

A Comprehensive Review on Various Signal Conditioning Methods in Nano-Sensor Based Applications

An in-depth review on nanosensor technology and signal conditioning models among Nano sensors is discussed in this paper. First, the state of the art in nanosensor technology is surveyed from the device perspective, by explaining the details of the architecture and components of individual nanosensors, as well as the existing manufacturing and integration techniques for nanosensor devices. Secondly, some of the signal conditioning methods with respect to modulation schemes is reviewed here. These discussion may leads to usage of the Nano-sensor in various application and especially in medical application which is very much essential now-a-days. The signals can also be acquired, conditioned, processed and analyzed using Data Acquisition Card (DAC). Further, based on this information or data, medical supervisor can subscribe the required specific suggestions or treatment to the people who are in need in this society.

(Invited) Receptor-Free and Label-Free Biomolecular Sensing Using Miniature Sensors

Nano and microsensors sensors, such as micro/nano cantilevers, nanowires, inter-digital electrodes, etc., offer unprecedented sensitivity for real-time detection of chemical and biological molecules. These miniature sensor platforms offer all the much desired sensor characteristics such as size, low power consumption, simultaneous detection of multiple analytes, easy readout, and low cost, compared to conventional sensors. In general, molecular adsorption on a sensor surface changes one or more of its physical properties in proportion to the amount of molecules adsorbed. However, many of these miniature sensors do not offer any selectivity. Chemical and Biological selectivity is often accomplished by using labels or immobilized molecular receptors on their surfaces. Many successful demonstrations of chem/biomolecular detection with exceptional selectivity and sensitivity using immobilized receptors have been reported in the literature. However, reproducibility of the sensor response has not been addressed adequately in the literature. We have we have observed a wide distribution in the response data of microcantilevers, immobilized with the same receptors in identical fashion, to a specific target analyte. Because the measured variations in the resonance characteristics of bare cantilevers is less than one percentage, the observed distribution in the cantilever-based chemical and biological sensors data should be due to the variations in the immobilized layers. Receptor graft densities on the cantilever surfaces can vary during the immobilization process. The unpredictable variations in the graft density are the major source of irreproducibility in cantilever sensors and pose a formidable challenge for their practical use. In addition, bio-receptors such as antibodies suffer from disadvantages such as short shelf life, requirement of special storage conditions, and persistent nonspecific binding. Immobilized polymer layers and self assembled monolayers also show degradation with time. Therefore, developing concepts that can provide high selectivity without relying on immobilized chemical interfaces is very important. We have combined cantilever sensor and nano wire sensors with infrared spectroscopy for a novel sensor platform that offers excellent selectivity as well as sensitivity. Microfabricated sensors have a very small thermal mass and they are extremely sensitive to changes in temperature. When the physisorbed molecular species on a bi-material microcantilever sensor are excited into their vibrational levels by sequential exposure to pulsed infrared radiation (IR), the non-radiative decay of the excited species results in changes in the temperature of the sensor. Temperature changes of the sensor can be measured by many different methods and when plotted as a function of irradiating IR wavelength show peaks corresponding to molecular vibrations. Monitoring the IR spectra of adsorbed species mechanically offer very high sensitivity as well as selectivity. This technique can also be used for liquid analytes.

Robust Single-Molecule Enzyme Nanocapsules for Biosensing with Significantly Improved Biosensor Stability.

The present study demonstrates the use of highly stable single-molecule enzyme nanocapsules (SMENs) instead of traditional native enzyme as biorecognition element in enzyme-based biosensors. The main purpose of this study is to resolve the major obstacle and challenge in the biosensor field, i.e., the poor stability of enzyme-based biosensors, including thermal stability, organic solvent tolerance, long-term operational stability, etc. Highly active and robust SMENs of glucose oxidase (GOx, as a model enzyme) were synthesized (nGOx) using an in situ polymerization strategy in an aqueous environment. The particle-size distribution, transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images, and UV-vis spectral characterization revealed the formation of a thin polymer layer around each enzyme molecule. The polymer shell effectively stabilized the GOx enzyme core while enabling rapid substrate transportation, resulting in a new class of biocatalytic nanocapsules. Multiple covalent attachments between a thin polymer layer and an enzyme molecule strengthened the encapsulated GOx molecule. Encapsulation created a favorable microenvironment to avoid any structural dissociation at high temperature and helped to retain essential water during the organic solvent operation. The present work reports a study implementing nGOx SMENs as highly stable nano(bio)sensors for point-of-care diagnostic applications. Prepared nGOx SMENs manifested significantly improved thermal stability (even at 65 °C) and organic solvent tolerance without any compromise in biocatalytic activity. For example, the native GOx-based biosensor lost its catalytic activity for glucose after 4 h of incubation at high temperature (65 °C), while the nGOx/N-CNTs-Chi/GCE nano(bio)sensor maintained ∼56% of its original catalytic activity for glucose oxidation. The proposed SMENs-based nano(bio)sensors with robust stability in variable working environment could promote the development and applications of biosensors in point-of care diagnostics, biomedical detection, wearable devices, implantable equipment, and biofuel cells.

A review on detection of heavy metals from aqueous media using nanomaterial-based sensors.

The extensive release of heavy metals into the natural water bodies has become globally prevalent from past few decades. Heavy metal toxicity is becoming a serious threat to human and the environment. Due to their prolonged half-life, potential accumulation in different parts of body, and non-biodegradability, metal ions are being obvious entities that can cause several hazardous health risks. A number of methods have been developed for the detection of heavy/toxic metals based on sensors. Among the various new technologies, chemical and optical nano sensors are emerging technology to detect toxic heavy metals. Several nano sensors have been developed using nano materials, synthesized from green or chemical methods. The nano sensors are convenient to prepare and provide enhanced limit of detection, limit of quantification, and onsite detection. This review covers the recent work reported from 2013 to 2019 for the detection of heavy metals using sensors based on nano materials synthesized by different routes. Graphical abstract.

Preface

International Conference on Innovations in Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials-2019 (NANOMTECH-2019) NANOMTECH-2019, the 1st International Conference on Innovations in Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials, took place on 16-17 November at Holiday Inn Bangkok Silom, Bangkok, THAILAND. The Conference Organised by Kuttumb International, the word Kuttumb originates from Sanskrit which means “family”, with aims of bring together as family all leading Scientists, Educationist, Research Scholars and students to present, discuss and exchange their experiences, Innovation ideas and recent development in the field of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials. The scientific program of this conference included many topics related to Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials as well as those in related fields.The field of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials has a rapid growth in last decade, recently, the attention of the community of nanoscientists has been focusing more and more on technological applications. Nanotechnology is an enabling technology, with high potential impact on virtually all field of human activity like industrial, health related, biomedical, environmental, etc, yielding high expectations for solutions to the main need of society.NANOMTECH 2019 proceedings create an adequate discussion space for trendy topics on Nano Electronics & Sensor Technology, Nano Biotechnology, Nano Composite, Nanotechnology in pharmaceuticals, IoT and Nano sensors, Artificial Intelligence and Nanorobots, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology & Agriculture, Nanobiomachanics, Application of Nanotechnology in Defence. In this conference, one distinguished plenary speaker and three keynote speakers had delivered their research works in area of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology. There were 35 oral presentations by participants which brought opportunity to share their recent research works knowledge among each other.Efforts taken by peer reviewer contributed to improve the quality of papers provided are gratefully appreciated. We are very grateful to the International Advisory Committee, Session Chairs, and Administrative Assistants from Kuttumb International who contributed to the success of this conference. Also, we are tankful to the authors who submitted the papers, it was quality of their presentations and communication with the other participants that really made this conference series fruitful.Last but not the least, we are thankful to the IOP Science for their support, it was not only the support but also an inspiration for organizers.Edited ByDr Rajendra Kumar Duchaniya

Design of Green Building Energy Consumption Data Acquisition System Based on Biological Nano Sensors

The traditional energy consumption data acquisition system for green building has low accuracy. Based on biological nano-sensors, the energy consumption data acquisition system for green building is optimized. The original chip of the data acquisition sensor of AD9280 chip is adopted, the sampling circuit of energy data is designed according to the construction of attenuation circuit, and the rs-485 communication interface electricity meter is connected with the data collector reflecting the building energy consumption to complete the system hardware design. The function of the data collector was analyzed and the collection program was designed. The energy consumption data analysis method was designed after the serial port code was converted to complete the software design of the energy consumption data collection system for green buildings. It is found that the designed system solves the problem of "data missing zero" and can effectively eliminate the fault of communication lines. Moreover, when the data volume is 800 bits, the time of the energy consumption data acquisition system is only 2.5 s, which is significantly lower than the other two collection methods, and the collection efficiency is high.

VOLTAMMETRIC ANALYSIS OF TAMOXIFEN RECOVERY AND ITS INTERACTION WITH DNA

The design of biosensors is one of the most important areas of analytical chemistry today, and interest in DNA-based bio (nano) sensors developed to examine applications related to compound-DNA interaction has been increasing in the last two decades. Changing in DNA structure, even for therapeutic purposes, can have serious effects on human health. The detection of any chemical substances in DNA sutructure is very important. In this study, an anticancer drug Tamoxifen (TAM) is used in the treatment of cancer since the early 1970s was identifying the possible DNA interaction during treatment by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) based on both TAM and guanine oxidation signals at the disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The effect of TAM on single stranded (ss)-DNA and double stranded (ds)-DNA showed differences, depending on the double helix and single stranded structure. It was found that TAM interacting to ds-DNA more strongly than ss-DNA. Thus, Drug-DNA interaction analysis has been investigated for the first time under optimized conditions with the Tamoxifen which, gave an oxidation peak potential near the guanine oxidation area. These results presented that the developed DNA biosensor could be detected TAM-DNA interaction as a sensitive, rapid and cost effective way. Electrochemical detectionTamoxifen recovery from commercial tablets was also studied.

Research on Nano Sensors on Bio Medical Applications

In this paper as check overdue progressions in nonmaterial in separated as implemented to bio-medical applications and nanosensors. What is extra, moreover evaluation on the usage of dendrimers in medicinal drug. We additionally examine bio-sensors, silicon-primarily based programs and the usage of DNA in nanotechnology. The item discusses the basic concepts and upgrades in the field of nanosensors and their applications in pharmaceutical and medicinal drug fields. Various sorts of nanosensors which include optical nanosensors, electrochemical nanosensors, manufactured nanosensors, electrometers, biosensors, and deployable nanosensors are described. The paper portrays the improvement of this area of research from first enjoy with the area as a lot as the prevailing, with emphasis on the techniques of sensor improvement and their application to biomedical systems.