Engineered Nanoparticles Research Articles

Molecular characterization and transcriptional response of Lactuca sativa seedlings to co-exposure to graphene nanoplatelets and titanium dioxide nanoparticles

The widespread use of nanomaterials in agriculture may introduce multiple engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into the environment, posing a combined risk to crops. However, the precise molecular mechanisms explaining how plant tissues respond to mixtures of individual ENPs remain unclear, despite indications that their combined toxicity differs from the summed toxicity of the individual ENPs. Here, we used a variety of methods including physicochemical, biochemical, and transcriptional analyses to examine the combined effects of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on hydroponically exposed lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedlings. Results indicated that the presence of GNPs facilitated the accumulation of Ti as TiO2 NPs in the seedling roots. Combined exposure to GNPs and TiO2 NPs caused less severe oxidative damage in the roots compared to individual exposures. Yet, GNPs and TiO2 NPs alone and in combination did not cause oxidative damage in the shoots. RNA sequencing data showed that the mixture of GNPs and TiO2 NPs led to a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the seedlings compared to exposure to the individual ENPs. Moreover, the majority of the DEGs encoding superoxide dismutase displayed heightened expression levels in the seedlings exposed to the combination of GNPs and TiO2 NPs. The level of gene ontology (GO) enrichment in the seedlings exposed to the mixture of GNPs and TiO2 NPs was found to be greater than the level of GO enrichment observed after exposure to isolated GNPs or TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, the signaling pathways, specifically the “MAPK signaling pathway-plant” and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,” exhibited a close association with oxidative stress. This study has provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant resistance against multiple ENPs.

Small Scale, Big Impact: Nanotechnology-Enhanced Drug Delivery for Brain Diseases.

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, ranging from brain cancers to neurodegenerative disorders like dementia and acute conditions such as strokes, have been heavily burdening healthcare and have a direct impact on patient quality of life. A significant hurdle in developing effective treatments is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly selective barrier that prevents most drugs from reaching the brain. The tight junctions and adherens junctions between the endothelial cells and various receptors expressed on the cells make the BBB form a nonfenestrated and highly selective structure that is crucial for brain homeostasis but complicates drug delivery. Nanotechnology offers a novel pathway to circumvent this barrier, with nanoparticles engineered to ferry drugs across the BBB, protect drugs from degradation, and deliver medications to the designated area. After years of development, nanoparticle optimization, including sizes, shapes, surface modifications, and targeting ligands, can enable nanomaterials tailored to specific brain drug delivery settings. Moreover, smart nano drug delivery systems can respond to endogenous and exogenous stimuli that control subsequent drug release. Here, we address the importance of the BBB in brain disease treatment, summarize different delivery routes for brain drug delivery, discuss the cutting-edge nanotechnology-based strategies for brain drug delivery, and further offer valuable insights into how these innovations in nanoparticle technology could revolutionize the treatment of CNS diseases, presenting a promising avenue for noninvasive, targeted therapeutic interventions.

Advancements in Lipid Nanoparticle Technologies for Precision Targeting in Therapeutic Delivery

<img src=” https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.scholastica/article/121633/large/prnano_1412024bg2.jpeg?1721676909”> Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are at the forefront of targeted therapeutic delivery, serving as an innovative platform for precisely delivering therapeutic agents directly to specific cells or tissues. Therapeutic delivery seeks to enhance drug efficacy and safety by controlling the distribution of drugs within the body, thereby minimizing off-target effects while maximizing therapeutic impact. This review delves into advancements and innovations in LNP design to achieve unprecedented targeting precision, surmount biological barriers, and diminish off-target interactions. It encom-passes exploring targeting strategies, including passive targeting that leverages the enhanced permeability and retention effect, active targeting via receptor-ligand interactions, and stimuli-responsive methodologies for the controlled release of therapeutics. With a focus on novel tar-geting techniques, including endogenous targeting and strategic de-targeting, to enhance LNP de-livery specificity and therapeutic efficacy. This review articulates the critical role of lipid com-position, nanoparticle characterization, and surface engineering in tailoring LNPs for therapeutic applications. Through evaluating the forefront of LNP technology in drug delivery and gene therapy, this review forecasts the trajectory of nanoparticle-based therapeutics, envisioning their pivotal role in the advent of personalized medicine, thereby providing a foundation for future explorations aimed at refining and optimizing LNP systems for clinical applications.

Implementation of mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Technology in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar).

This study was conducted to investigate whether mRNA vaccine technology could be adapted for the ectothermic vertebrate Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology has been developed and optimized for mRNA vaccines in mammals, stabilizing mRNA and facilitating its delivery into cells. However, its utility at the temperatures and specific biological environments present in ectotherms remains unclear. In addition, it is unknown if modified mRNA containing non-canonical nucleotides can correctly translate in salmonid cells. We used an mRNA transcript coding for enhanced green fluorescence protein, flanked by the untranslated regions of the hemagglutinin-esterase gene of the infectious salmon anemia virus, and a 120-base-long poly(A) tail. The mRNA was generated via in vitro transcription where uridine residues were replaced with N1-methyl-pseudouridines, and then encapsulated in LNPs. When transfected into the salmonid cell line CHH-1, the mRNA-LNP construct induced expression of EGFP. Furthermore, when mRNA-LNPs were injected intramuscularly into salmon, in vivo protein expression was demonstrated via immunohistochemistry. EGFP was observed in cells infiltrating the spaces between muscle cells in a focal inflammatory response. The results indicate that N1-methyl-pseudouridine-modified mRNA encapsulated in LNPs can be used to express antigens of interest in salmonid fish.

Nanoparticles Technology for Improving Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process Performance: A Review

Nanoparticles Technology for Improving Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process Performance: A Review

The Interaction and Lift-Off Forces of an Atomic Force Microscope Tip from Single Fibers Extracted from Protective Clothing Fabric.

The widespread use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) poses a potential health hazard to humans, especially to those involved in either nanoparticle manufacturing or the usage and assembly of a final product. In this study, we performed systematic force vs distance experiments (F(z)) using an atomic force microscope (AFM) on fibers commonly used in street clothing and protective laboratory clothing to better characterize the relevant interaction forces between engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) and the contacted fabric fibers. The intent of this study is to identify those factors that influence the interaction of ENPs with fabrics with an aim to improve the efficacy of protective clothing against ENP exposure and mitigate potential health risks. A ∼14 nm diameter AFM SiOx tip (with nanoscale radius of curvature) is considered as an effective oxide ENP. Features present (or absent) in a well-executed F(z) AFM experiment provide a fingerprint that distinguishes the relevant forces and interaction mechanisms in play. Measurements of F(z) as a function of relative humidity were also performed to assess the importance of thin surface water layers in binding nanometer-size oxide ENPs to a fabric fiber. The F(z) data indicate the dominant mechanism for adhesion of the oxide tip to the various fabric fibers (cotton, Tyvek (HD polyethylene), polypropylene, and polyester) can be attributed to a van der Waals interaction. The analysis provides no evidence for long-range electrostatic forces or capillary-induced adhesion of the AFM tip to the fibers studied.

Immunogenic Comparison of Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccines Administered by Pyro-Drive Jet Injector.

mRNA vaccines were successfully developed and approved for emergency use to fight coronavirus disease 2019. However, the effect of DNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is considerably lower than that of mRNA vaccines. A pyro-drive jet injector (PJI) efficiently delivers plasmid DNA intradermally into animal models. Here, we compared the immunogenic potential of DNA and mRNA vaccines in mice using the same platform. PJI was used to deliver naked mRNA and pDNA and their efficacy in inducing antigen expression and immune responses was assessed. Our results showed that PJI efficiently delivered mRNA into the skin, and a smaller effective dose than that of pDNA injection was required to achieve similar levels of antigen expression. The PJI-delivered CpG-free pDNA vaccine efficiently induced antigen-specific antibody production and a cell-mediated IFN-γ response compared to the mRNA vaccine, as well as the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) in the skin and lymph nodes. However, the intradermal mRNA vaccine was significantly less immunogenic than the standard intramuscular mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine, despite equivalent mRNA dosages. Improvements in lipid nanoparticle and mRNA technology have revolutionized mRNA vaccines, and DNA vaccines can be similarly modified for higher clinical efficacy.

Review on electrospray nanoparticles for drug delivery: Exploring applications

AbstractElectrospraying has emerged as a versatile technique in the pharmaceutical field due to its potential in drug delivery and formulation. With its advantages of cost‐effectiveness, reproducibility, ease of operation, and scalability, electrospraying offers numerous benefits for pharmaceutical applications. Notably, the production of nanoparticles using electrospraying provides unique properties, including small size, drug encapsulation capabilities, biocompatibility, and scalability. Electrospray nanoparticles have demonstrated significant promise in various drug delivery routes, such as oral and topical administration. These nanoparticles enhance drug stability, protection, and permeability, effectively overcoming limitations associated with these routes. Moreover, electrospray nanoparticles have proven valuable in targeted drug delivery, improving drug bioavailability and efficacy. Their ability to penetrate tissues and cells enables enhanced drug delivery to specific sites within the body. Additionally, electrospray nanoparticles can be tailored with targeting ligands or responsive components for controlled release and combination therapy, exhibiting successful applications in cancer treatment and neurological disorders. Therefore, electrospray nanoparticle technology shows great promise in biomedical applications, offering a versatile platform for targeted drug delivery and therapeutic interventions. This comprehensive review examines the various drug delivery applications of electrospraying and provides insights into its possibilities and challenges. The paper discusses the principles, methods, and parameters of electrospraying, while also exploring its use in fabricating drug delivery systems, addressing poorly soluble drugs. By synthesizing the findings from multiple studies, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of electrospraying's current state and potential in the pharmaceutical industry.

Nanofluid flooding as a method of enhancing oil recovery: mechanism, advantages

Relevance. The fact that with the help of modern methods of increasing oil recovery, it is possible to extract no more than 34 % of oil from the initial recoverable reserves. Therefore, modernization of technologies for tertiary impact on the reservoir as one of the possible ways of developing this area is required. It is possible to use nanoparticles in order to increase the oil recovery coefficient by displacing residual and hard-to-recover oil. Technologies with the use of nanoparticles have a number of significant advantages over the already traditional polymer, alkaline and surfactant flooding. Nanofluidic flooding allows increasing the oil recovery coefficient. The paper considers the mechanisms of action of nanoparticles contributing to oil recovery, the relationship of the effectiveness of flooding from the reservoir temperature, pH, water mineralization and wettability of the reservoir rock surface. These mechanisms are required for identifying limitations of the applicability of nanofluids, the possibility of their modification, in order to improve the properties and eliminate the disadvantages of nanofluid flooding. The effect of the chemical nature of nanoparticles, their size, surface charge, isoelectric point and concentration on rock, reservoir fluids and the efficiency of hydrocarbon extraction is considered in detail. Attention is also focused on the latest modern trends in the development of nanofluidic flooding technology. Aim. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of nanofluidic flooding as a method of increasing oil recovery. Objects. Chemical methods of enhancing oil recovery, nanofluidic flooding. Methods. Analysis of current publications on the research topic. Results. The factors influencing the effectiveness of the use of nanofluids as a method of increasing oil recovery and the mechanisms of the impact of nanoparticles on oil reservoirs are formed, promising directions for the development of nanoparticle technology are identified.

Nanoparticles and root traits: mineral nutrition, stress tolerance and interaction with rhizosphere microbiota.

This review article highlights a broader perspective of NPs and plant-root interaction by focusing on their beneficial anddeleterious impacts on root system architecture (RSA). The root performs a vital function by securing itself in the soil, absorbing and transporting water and nutrients to facilitate plant growth and productivity. In dicots, the architecture of the root system (RSA) is markedly shaped by the development of the primary root and its branches, showcasing considerable adaptability in response to changes in the environment. For promoting agriculture and combating global food hunger, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) may be an exciting option, for which it is essential to understand the behaviour of plants under NPs exposure. The nature of NPs and their physicochemical characteristics play a significant role in the positive/negative response of roots and shoots. Root morphological features, such as root length, root mass and root development features, may regulated positively/negatively by different types of NPs. In addition, application of NPs may also enhance nutrient transport and soil fertility by the promotion of soil microorganisms including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and also soil enzymes. Interestingly the interaction of nanomaterials (NMs) with rhizospheric bacteria can enhance plant development and soil health. However, some studies also suggested that the increased use of several types of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) may disrupt the equilibrium of the soil-root interface and unsafe morphogenesis by causing the browning of roots and suppressing the growth of root and soil microbes. Thus, this review article has sought to compile a broader perspective of NPs and plant-root interaction by focusing on their beneficial or deleterious impacts on RSA.

Rapid Microwave Method to Enhance the Characteristics of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/SiO2 Nanoparticles

The application of nanoparticles can increase the number of products and protect against the deadly effects of industrial processes. Generally, nanoparticle technology offers numerous benefits, including reduced energy consumption and waste generation. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles using rapid microwave method. The instruments used for analysis included x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy-dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The combustion process was carried out using a microwave to produce sufficient energy for forming Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The homogeneous heating distribution process in the raw material effectively formed different initial phases and nanoparticle morphologies within a few minutes. The results showed that the application of rapid and efficient microwave provided good monodispersity, uniform core-shell structure, and high magnetization. The calculated optical bandgap values for Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/SiO2 ranged from 1.77–2.33 eV. According to magnetic analysis, Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature with a value of 32–40 emu/g, while Fe3O4/SiO2 powder had 9–23 emu/g. The analysis of SEM-EDX showed that SiO2 had the potential to prevent particle aggregation and stabilize the nanoparticles prepared. Moreover, further study is recommended to modify the product with other materials, such as TiO2, for photocatalysts.

Kinetics Aspects in Design and Release of Nasal Drug Delivery Systems

The traditional school of Indian medicine includes a sort of nasal therapy known as Nasya karma. There is a lot of recent interest in using the nasal route for administering difficult medications including tiny polar compounds, vaccines, hormones, peptides, and proteins. Nasal drug molecules are highly suited for systemic distribution and the absence of hepatic first-pass metabolism. Vaccination through the nose is thought to be a straightforward and economical method with improved patient compliance, and it may also provide immunity at numerous distant mucosal locations. Microparticle, nanoparticle, and liposomal nasal vaccination delivery technologies are now in development and show protection in animal models. Both pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics of nasal administration devices have been studied in-vivo by a number of different research organizations. The purpose of this review was to summarise these studies and bring attention to the work done on nasal-based formulations to better treat conditions like epilepsy, schizophrenia, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Recent advancements in lipid nanoparticle technology for oral insulin delivery

Nanotechnology is important in many industries, particularly in drug delivery and administration. This technology has been used to create nanocarriers for enteral drug delivery. There are different types of nanocarriers including polysaccharide-based and lipid-based nanocarriers. Lipid nanoparticles have recently been developed for loading and administering insulin via the enteral route to treat diabetes mellitus. Insulin cannot be administered orally due to its low bioavailability, extreme gastrointestinal conditions, and instability. When insulin is loaded onto these nanocarriers, it increases bioavailability, stability, drug release pattern control, and protects insulin from extreme conditions. This review article aims to discuss recent applications as well as novel methods and approaches for oral insulin delivery using liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers.

Chitosan: A Versatile Biomaterial Revolutionizing Endodontic Therapy.

Owing to their nanoscale dimensions, nanomaterials have special chemical and physical properties that set them apart from their bulk counterparts. The exterior dimensions of a minimum of half of the particles span several nanometers in their size distribution. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one type of nanomaterial that has been widely used because of their strong antibacterial properties, which can kill bacteria that are resistant to many drugs. Due to its potential for regulated release, localized retention, and safeguarding the active ingredients against environmental or enzymatic deterioration, nanoparticle technology has also emerged as a promising medication delivery method. The techniques for creating nanoparticles can be easily scaled up and used for a wide variety of medications. Since polymeric nanoparticles are biodegradable, biocompatible, and have more readily available formulation techniques than other nanoparticle drug delivery approaches, their range of applications has been expanding. Chitosan, also known as deacetylated polysaccharide, is a straight-chain cationic polymer that is typically a cationic copolymer. It can be generated naturally or by deacetylating chitin. Consequently, it contains an extensive array of biomedical applications, such as efficient healing of wounds, regeneration of tissues, regeneration of bone, and anti-infection. Because of its functional diversity, accessibility, and being both biodegradable and biocompatible, it has a wide spectrum of uses in dentistry. Recent research on chitosan-based nanoparticles is founded on the field's growing comprehension of the characteristics of chitosan and techniques for chemical or physical modification that are used to optimize the drug loading and release characteristics of the nanoparticles.

On the extraction of volatile fatty acids from food waste mixtures: Comparison between the use of liquid–liquid and magnetic nanoparticle technologies

The extraction of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from an aqueous solution derived by fermentation of food waste is a key challenge in the context of the circular economy, thanks to their high economic and environmental impact due to their wide-ranging use in various industrial fields. In this work, we compared two different extraction methods: one novel and one classical. Firstly, iron oxide nanoparticles of around 10 nm were prepared and used as they are or functionalised using (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane) (APTES) molecules, adipic acid and oleic acid. This was compared with a traditional industrial method (liquid–liquid extraction) that can guarantee high extraction of VFAs with high reproducibility. Indeed the use of dichloromethane, hexane, methyl tert-butyl ether and oleic acid presented extraction values of up to 30 % while iron oxide NPs showed results with low reproducibility. The comparison demonstrated the use of oleic acid as a promising solvent for liquid–liquid extraction of VFAs.

Lipid-encapsulated mRNA encoding an extended serum half-life interleukin-22 ameliorates metabolic disease in mice

ObjectiveInterleukin (IL)-22 is a potential therapeutic protein for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease due to its involvement in multiple cellular pathways and observed hepatoprotective effects. The short serum half-life of IL-22 has previously limited its use in clinical applications; however, the development of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology offers a novel therapeutic approach that uses a host-generated IL-22 fusion protein. In the present study, the effects of administration of an mRNA-LNP encoding IL-22 on metabolic disease parameters was investigated in various mouse models. MethodsC57BL/6NCrl mice were used to confirm mouse serum albumin (MSA)-IL-22 protein expression prior to assessments in C57BL/6NTac and CETP/ApoB transgenic mouse models of metabolic disease. Mice were fed either regular chow or a modified amylin liver nonalcoholic steatohepatitis–inducing diet prior to receiving either LNP-encapsulated MSA-IL-22 or MSA mRNA via intravenous or intramuscular injection. Metabolic markers were monitored for the duration of the experiments, and postmortem histology assessment and analysis of metabolic gene expression pathways were performed. ResultsMSA-IL-22 was detectable for ≥8 days following administration. Improvements in body weight, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and lipogenic and fibrotic marker gene expression in the liver were observed in the MSA-IL-22–treated mice, and these effects were shown to be durable. ConclusionsThese results support the application of mRNA-encoded IL-22 as a promising treatment strategy for metabolic syndrome and associated comorbidities in human populations.

Immunostimulatory nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) augment protective osteoblast and osteoclast type I interferon responses to Staphylococcus aureus

Recalcitrant staphylococcal osteomyelitis may be due, in part, to the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to invade bone cells. However, osteoclasts and osteoblasts are now recognized to shape host responses to bacterial infection and we have recently described their ability to produce IFN-β following S. aureus infection and limit intracellular bacterial survival/propagation. Here, we have investigated the ability of novel, rationally designed, nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) to induce the production of immune mediators, including IFN-β, following introduction into bone cells. We demonstrate the successful delivery of representative NANPs into osteoblasts and osteoclasts via endosomal trafficking when complexed with lipid-based carriers. Their delivery was found to differentially induce immune responses according to their composition and architecture via discrete cytosolic pattern recognition receptors. Finally, the utility of this nanoparticle technology was supported by the demonstration that immunostimulatory NANPs augment IFN-β production by S. aureus infected bone cells and reduce intracellular bacterial burden.

Immunomodulatory effects of single and combined exposure to ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles on rainbow trout challenged with Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes

The increasing release of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in aquatic ecosystems stresses the need for stringent investigations of nanoparticle mixture toxicity towards aquatic organisms. Here, the individual and combined immunotoxicity of two of the most consumed ENPs, the ZnO and the TiO2 ones, was investigated on rainbow trout juveniles (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations (21 and 210 µg L−1 for the ZnO and 210 µg L−1 for the TiO2) for 28 days, and then challenged with the pathogenic bacterium, Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes. Antioxidant and innate immune markers were assessed before and after the bacterial infection. None of the experimental conditions affected the basal activity of the studied innate immune markers and the redox balance. However, following the bacterial infection, the expression of genes coding for pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (il1β and il10), as well as innate immune compounds (mpo) were significantly reduced in fish exposed to the mixture. Conversely, exposure to ZnO NPs alone seemed to stimulate the immune response by enhancing the expression of the IgM and c3 genes for instance. Overall, our results suggest that even though the tested ENPs at their environmental concentration do not strongly affect basal immune functions, their mixture may alter the development of the immune response when the organism is exposed to a pathogen by interfering with the inflammatory response.

Photodynamic Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Past, Present, and Future.

This review paper examines the evolution of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a novel, minimally invasive strategy for treating atherosclerosis, a leading global health concern. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipids and inflammation within arterial walls, leading to significant morbidity and mortality through cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Traditional therapeutic approaches have primarily focused on modulating risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, with emerging evidence highlighting the pivotal role of inflammation. PDT, leveraging a photosensitizer, specific-wavelength light, and oxygen, offers targeted treatment by inducing cell death in diseased tissues while sparing healthy ones. This specificity, combined with advancements in nanoparticle technology for improved delivery, positions PDT as a promising alternative to traditional interventions. The review explores the mechanistic basis of PDT, its efficacy in preclinical studies, and the potential for enhancing plaque stability and reducing macrophage density within plaques. It also addresses the need for further research to optimize treatment parameters, mitigate adverse effects, and validate long-term outcomes. By detailing past developments, current progress, and future directions, this paper aims to highlight PDT's potential in revolutionizing atherosclerosis treatment, bridging the gap from experimental research to clinical application.

Diagnosis of Lymphatic Metastasis in Breast Cancer Using Nanoparticle Technology - Diagnosis, Therapy, Imaging, Treatment

Breast cancer is a major cause of patient death rates, frequently leading to life-changing repercussions even after survival is attained. This paper aims to investigate therapeutic alternatives employing nanoparticles to specifically target and treat lymphatic metastasis, which is a highly dangerous characteristic of breast cancer. This work explores the effectiveness and importance of using nanoparticle-based therapeutics to prevent the harmful consequences of breast cancer progression. The paper begins by discussing the progress of lymphatic metastasis and then delves into the use of nanoparticle technology in imaging techniques, diagnostic methods, and therapy tactics. This section provides detailed information on primary targeting treatments, including chemotherapy specifically targeting cancer stem cells, induction of tumour cell death, suppression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), manipulation of the Tumour Microenvironment (TME), and improvement of the immune response. In addition, the research explores the use of nanoparticle technology in treatment plans, specifically focusing on its super magnetic capabilities and the application of gold nanoparticles, nanodiamonds, and other related qualities. Nanoparticle technology presents an optimistic strategy to address lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer. Nanoparticles can be used to deliver drugs or therapeutic substances directly to cancerous tumours, specifically targeting cancer cells to either destroy them or slow their growth. This strategy provides a solution for the administration of pharmaceuticals or substances that may provide challenges when delivered using conventional methods. Furthermore, nanoparticles facilitate the visualisation of tumours, aiding healthcare professionals in evaluating the severity of malignancy and formulating suitable treatment strategies. A comprehensive discussion has been conducted on several nanoparticles employed for inhibiting the dissemination of cancer cells from the primary organ to secondary organs. After successfully overcoming breast cancer, patients remain susceptible to post-surgical metastases in vital organs such as the lungs, brain, and bones. The advancements achieved through nanoparticle technology are highly significant. The discussion has focused on experimental evidence offered by researchers who mostly conducted studies on mice to support their findings.