Size Distribution Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Modification of Hydrotalcite Loading Tannic Acid with Organic Silane and Application in Anticorrosive Epoxy Coating.

Metal corrosion is a challenge for the world with heavy impacts on the economy. Study on the development of effectiveness anticorrosion additives is a promising strategery for the protection industry. This research focuses on the modification of hydrotalcite Mg-Al (HT) loading tannic acid (TA) with 3-(trimethoxy silyl) propyl methacrylate organo-silane (TMSPM) for applicating as an anti-corrosion additive for epoxy coating on the steel substrate. The suitable ratio of HT and modifiers was investigated and the suitable content of modified HT in epoxy matrix was found based on mechanical properties of the epoxy-based coating. The characteristics of modified HT were assessed through infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), water contact angle (WCA), dynamic light scattering (DLS). Detailly, HT-TA3-S3 shows good stability in distilled water when HT/TA was modified with TMSPM which makes Zeta potential decreases significantly. Besides, SEM analysis presented HT-TA-S has a cylindrical shape about of 500 nm. Moreover, the crystallite size of HT/TA after being modified by TMSPM decreases sharply. All of these prove successfully synthesize HT loading TA with modified TMSPM. Water contact angle (WCA) decreases in case of loading TA and increases in case of modifying with TMSPM (WCA changed from HT (116.3°) to HT-TA (102.4°) and HT-TA-S (120.1°) which indicates the increased hydrophobicity of the sample. The obtained results showed HT/TA was modified successfully with TMSPM. The modification affected the size distribution and surface properties of HT nanoparticles while it did not impact on the crystal structure of HT. After incorporating modified HT/TA into the epoxy coating, the adhesion of coating to steel substrate was improved significantly. Consequently, the adhesion of epoxy/3 wt. % modified HT/TA coating was increased 3 times as compared to epoxy neat (from 0.76 MPa to 2.77 MPa). In addition, the relative hardness and gloss retention of epoxy/3 wt. % modified HT/TA coating reached the maximum values as compared to the others. Owing to salt spraying results, the epoxy/3 wt. % modified HT/TA exhibited an excellent anticorrosion ability for the steel substrate. All the above results show the potential of HT nanoparticles loading TA modified with TMSPM as anticorrosive additives for protective coatings on steel substrates.

Linear and nonlinear regression modelling of industrial dye adsorption using nanocellulose@chitosan nanocomposite beads

Nanocellulose@chitosan (nc@ch) composite beads were prepared via coagulation technique for the elimination of malachite green dye from aqueous solution. As malachite green dye is highly used in textile industries for dyeing purpose which after usage shows fatal effects to the ecosystems and human beings also. In this study the formulated nanocellulose@chitosan composite beads were characterized by Particle size analysis (PSA), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were done to evaluate nanoparticles size distribution, morphological behaviour, functional group entities and degree of crystallinity of prepared beads. The nanocomposite beads adsorption performance was investigated for malachite green (MG) dye and BET analysis were also recorded to know about porous behaviour of the nanocomposite beads. Maximum removal of malachite green (MG) dye was found to be 72.0 mg/g for 100 ppm initial dye concentration. For accurate observations linear and non-linear modelling was done to know about the best-fitted adsorption model during the removal mechanism of dye molecules, on evaluating it has been observed that Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm show best-fitted observation in the case of linear and non-linear isotherm respectively (R2 = 0.96 & R2 = 0.957). In the case of kinetic linear models, the data was well fitted with pseudo-second-order showing chemosorption mechanism (R2 = 0.999), and in the case of non-linear kinetic model pseudo first order showed good fit showing physisorption mechanism during adsorption (R2 = 0.999). The thermodynamic study showed positive values for ΔH° and ΔS° throughout the adsorption process respectively, implying an endothermic behaviour. In view of cost effectiveness, desorption or regeneration study was done and it was showed that after the 5th cycle, the removal tendency had decreased from 48 to 38 % for 20–100 ppm dye solution accordingly. Thus, nanocomposite beads prepared by the coagulation method seem to be a suitable candidate for dye removal from synthetic wastewater and may have potential to be used in small scale textile industries for real wastewater treatment.

Synthesis and multifunctional properties of MnxCo1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles via solvothermal route

MnxCo1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles with compositions x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 were synthesized using a straightforward surfactant-free solvothermal route. The nanoparticles' microstructure, morphology, and size distribution were studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy was used to obtain information about their vibrational properties and the cation distribution in the spinel lattice. UV–visible and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were used to study their photocatalytic activity and optical properties. The behavior of MnxCo1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles in an aqueous medium and its effects on the photocatalytic activity were highlighted by ζ-potential measurements. Their magnetic properties were investigated using M − H curves and ZFC-FC measurements. The results allowed us to study the solvothermal route's effectiveness for synthesizing well-crystallized ultra-small size MnxCo1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles with promising photocatalytic and superparamagnetic properties. They also provided insights into the effects of manganese's cobalt substitution on the spinel lattice's cation distribution and the mechanisms behind their observed physical properties.

Characterization of Mass, Diameter, Density, and Surface Properties of Colloidal Nanoparticles Enabled by Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry.

A variety of scattering-based, microscopy-based, and mobility-based methods are frequently used to probe the size distributions of colloidal nanoparticles with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) often considered to be the "gold standard". Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) is an alternative method for nanoparticle characterization that can rapidly measure the mass and charge of individual nanoparticle ions with high accuracy. Two low polydispersity, ∼100 nm diameter nanoparticle size standards with different compositions (polymethyl methacrylate/polystyrene copolymer and 100% polystyrene) were characterized using both TEM and CDMS to explore the merits and complementary aspects of both methods. Mass and diameter distributions are rapidly obtained from CDMS measurements of thousands of individual ions of known spherical shape, requiring less time than TEM sample preparation and image analysis. TEM image-to-image variations resulted in a ∼1-2 nm range in the determined mean diameters whereas the CDMS mass precision of ∼1% in these experiments leads to a diameter uncertainty of just 0.3 nm. For the 100% polystyrene nanoparticles with known density, the CDMS and TEM particle diameter distributions were in excellent agreement. For the copolymer nanoparticles with unknown density, the diameter from TEM measurements combined with the mass from CDMS measurements enabled an accurate measurement of nanoparticle density. Differing extents of charging for the two nanoparticle standards measured by CDMS show that charging is sensitive to nanoparticle surface properties. A mixture of the two samples was separated based on their different extents of charging despite having overlapping mass distributions centered at 341.5 and 331.0 MDa.

Controlling the growth of uncapped silver nanoparticles on poly methacrylic acid nanospheres: The effect of polymer’s free surface on the antimicrobial properties

In this study, the control over the growth of uncapped silver nanoparticles on the surface of poly methacrylic acid nanospheres is presented. The pH of the growth medium and the size of the polymer nanospheres were studied as parameters in relation to the antimicrobial activity of the resulting structures against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Adjustment of the growth medium pH has a direct effect on the number of silver nanoparticles grown on the surface of the nanospheres, while the size of the nanospheres affects the resulting silver nanoparticle size distribution. The minimum bactericidal concentration was determined to 8 and 32 μg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus respectively, whereas the antimicrobial efficiency of the resulting nanospheres was enhanced in structures with increased free surface. Hence, the contribution of the as synthesized structures to the antimicrobial activity is attributed to the polymer’s ability to form stable suspensions in the aqueous bacterial growth medium, thus promoting the dissolution of silver nanoparticles to Ag cations with antimicrobial activity.

HYDRODECHLORINATION OF DICLOFENAC IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OVER PD/ZRO2 AND PD/ZRO2SIO2 CATALYSTS

Pd/ZrO2 and Pd/ZrO2SiO2 catalysts prepared by wet impregnation and reduced with H2 under mild (30 °C, aqueous suspension) or harsh (320 °C) conditions were compared in the hydrodechlorination of the microecotoxicant diclofenac in aqueous solution at 30 оС. According to TPR and XPS data, the addition of SiO2 to the support reduces the degree of metal-support interaction and facilitates the reduction of palladium. Despite the lower Pd0 fraction, the Pd/ZrO2 catalyst was more active in the batch reactor: after reduction at 320 °С, it slightly, and after mild reduction, signi cantly (7 times) exceeded Pd/ZrO2SiO2 in catalytic activity. XRD and TEM showed a wider size distribution of palladium nanoparticles in the Pd/ZrO2 sample, while low-temperature N2 adsorption, XPS, and TPR demonstrated better accessi-bility of palladium on the Pd/ZrO2 surface due to reduced decoration with support components and increased pore size. These features explain the increased activity of Pd/ZrO2. Testing in the ow system demonstrated higher DCF conversion in the presence of catalysts reduced at 320°C and higher stability of Pd/ZrO2SiO2 compared to Pd/ZrO2. The stability is ensured by the increased reducibility of Pd2+ with H2 and by the developed surface of Pd/ZrO2SiO2, which prevents deactivation under the action of HCl released in hydrodechlorination.

Effect of the Crystalline Phase Type on the Thermoluminescent Response of ZrO2 Due to Different Synthesis Methods

ZrO2 samples were obtained using three different synthesis methods (Calcination, Co-precipitation and Hydrothermal). The samples were characterized to analyze the effect of the crystalline phase on their thermoluminescent (TL) and photoluminescent (PL) responses. The ZrO2 phase was analyzed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman. Nanoparticle size distribution was obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For optical analysis, characterizations included absorbance measurements, where samples exhibited modifications in color centers, PL emission and experimental fluorescence lifetime decay ([Formula: see text] measurements. Additionally, their TL response was studied under UV (245[Formula: see text]nm and 385[Formula: see text]nm), and 6[Formula: see text]MV photon energy from LINAC excitation. The obtained results show the improvement of TL and PL properties due to ZrO2 phase while an amorphous ZrO2 synthesized by hydrothermal method is an excellent prospect to be used as TL material and it may be a promising scintillator material at 254[Formula: see text]nm.

Features of behavior and morphological stability of the N-doped PtCu/C catalyst

A high-performance electrocatalyst based on bimetallic platinum-containing nanoparticles for PEMFCs has been presented. The combination of bimetallic nanoparticles and an N-doped carbon support ensures high ORR activity and stability of the catalyst. The single-reactor method to obtain the material and its higher functional characteristics allow considering the resulting PtCu/C-N electrocatalyst as a promising commercial product. An extended study of morphological characteristics has been conducted to understand the processes of evolution for this material. The in-situ IL-TEM research has allowed studying in detail the degradation process for the material during high-temperature treatment by analyzing changes in the type of histograms of the nanoparticles size distribution and testing the method for calculating the number of their intersections to assess the dynamics of the material degradation.

Transparent high entropy garnet ceramics by SPS

High entropy or multi-principles component oxides as a new class of materials have been widely investigated for various applications due to their unique properties and multi-functionalities in recent years. In this study, a high entropy transparent ceramics ((Gd0.2Tb0.2Y0.2Lu0.2Yb0.2)3Al5O12) has been fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using co-precipitation synthesized powders. The powder preparation process was studied by TAG-DSC and FTIR. The phase structure, morphology, and element distribution of the obtained powder and ceramic samples are explored by XRD, SEM, and EDS mapping. It shows that the high entropy oxide (HEO) ceramic powder has a pure garnet phase, nanoparticle size, and homogenous elements distribution. The sintered ceramic exhibits the highest in-line transmittance in the visible and IR range of approximately 52 % at 700 nm and 74 % at 3.6 μm, respectively. In addition, characteristic optical properties of the final ceramics were demonstrated by photoluminescence spectroscopy. This work indicated that high-entropy garnet transparent ceramics with multi-wavelength emissions will provide more possibilities for multifunctional optical applications in the future.

Enhanced fabrication of size-controllable chitosan-genipin nanoparticles using orifice-induced hydrodynamic cavitation: Process optimization and performance evaluation

Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) possess great potential in biomedical fields. Orifice-induced hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been used for the enhancement of fabrication of size-controllable genipin-crosslinked chitosan (chitosan-genipin) NPs based on the emulsion cross-linking (ECLK). Experiments have been performed using various plate geometries, chitosan molecular weight and under different operational parameters such as inlet pressure (1–3.5 bar), outlet pressure (0–1.5 bar) and cross-linking temperature (40–70 °C). Orifice plate geometry was a crucial factor affecting the properties of NPs, and the optimized geometry of orifice plate was with single hole of 3.0 mm diameter. The size of NPs with polydispersity index of 0.359 was 312.6 nm at an optimized inlet pressure of 3.0 bar, and the maximum production yield reached 84.82 %. Chitosan with too high or too low initial molecular weight (e.g., chitosan oligosaccharide) was not applicable for producing ultra-fine and narrow-distributed NPs. There existed a non-linear monotonically-increasing relationship between cavitation number (Cv) and chitosan NP size. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test indicated that the prepared NPs were discrete with spherical shape. The study demonstrated the superiority of HC in reducing particle size and size distribution of NPs, and the energy efficiency of orifice type HC-processed ECLK was two orders of magnitude than that of ultrasonic horn or high shear homogenization-processed ECLK. In vitro drug-release studies showed that the fabricated NPs had great potential as a drug delivery system. The observations of this study can offer strong support for HC to enhance the fabrication of size-controllable chitosan-genipin NPs.

Synthesis study of size-controlled rhenium nanoparticle systems using reverse micelle-based methodologies

In this study, rhenium nanoparticles were successfully synthesized with precise size control using a water-in-oil microemulsion method under an ambient atmosphere. Spectroscopic characterization using UV-Vis and ESI-MS techniques was used to study the stability of the rhenium(IV) precursor and verify its reduction into rhenium-based nanoparticles. The morphology and size of the rhenium nanoparticles were examined using HR-TEM. The results indicate formation of amorphous rhenium nanoparticles with an average size of 2.2 nm at a water-to-surfactant concentration ratio (W factor) of 10. These rhenium nanoparticles also have good size-stability compared to rhenium colloids generated in water alone. After one week, the particle diameter increased by only 0.6 nm with no evidence of aggregation. An investigation into the effect of various factors on the size and size distribution of the rhenium nanoparticles indicate that the W factor is the most influential parameter (among the considered factors) for size tuning, given that increases in W led to bigger and more polydisperse particles. Additionally, the microemulsion surfactant (AOT) protects the rhenium nanoparticles from their natural tendency to oxidize to perrhenate ion under an air atmosphere. However, a significant consideration in the use of AOT is the previously unreported presence of a chemical impurity which is able to reduce the rhenium(IV) precursor salt and generate rhenium nanoparticles within these microemulsion systems. Our investigation found that this impurity is the sulfite ion which is most likely introduced during manufacturing.

Nanoparticle morphology and magnetic properties modified by synthesis conditions

In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of the physicochemical properties of magnetite nanoparticles synthesized via two primary methods: (i) co-precipitation of iron (II) and (III) chloride in an ammonia solution and (ii) thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in an organic solvent. In each case, variable synthesis conditions were used (mixing, temperature, inert gas presence, time of synthesis), which significantly influenced the resulting nanoparticle characteristics, including size, size distribution, shape, and magnetic properties. By utilization of such techniques as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy, we demonstrate the ability to exert control over particle growth to a considerable extent. Our findings underscore the innovative aspect of our work, revealing quantitative insights into the precise manipulation of nanoparticle properties, thus offering promising ways for tailored applications in diverse fields.

Shielding properties of Li2B4O7:Dy3+,Yb3+ glass containing copper nanoparticles

Glass matrices of Li2B4O7 doped with Dy3+, Yb3+ and Cu were synthesized by melt quenching technique using different concentration of copper nanoparticles. The study and analysis are centered in shielding radiation. The samples amorphous nature was corroborated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and nanoparticles size distribution was obtained by transmittance electron microscopy (TEM). Optical characterizations used were absorbance and photoluminescence emission (PL). Radiation shielding theoretical properties: mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP) and effective atomic number (Zeff) are obtained using Phy-X/PSD software and analyzed for future applications in radiation security.

Effect of water-methanol binary solvent system in green synthesis of copper nanoparticles with tobacco leaf extract

The increasing demand for environmentally friendly nanoparticle synthesis, as a viable strategy for pollution control, has prompted an exploration of green chemistry methods. This study meticulously investigates the synthesis of copper nanoparticles utilizing tobacco leaf extract obtained through both cold and hot extraction techniques. The primary focus lies in scrutinizing the impact of various solvents employed for plant extracts and metal ion solutions on reduction dynamics and particle size. The study employs UV-Vis and phytochemical analyses to discern differences in chemical composition and efficacy, particularly between the water and methanol-water systems, despite their resemblance in UV-Vis spectra. Intriguingly, the results unveil that the choice of solvent significantly influences the particle size distribution and stability of colloidal nanoparticles. The methanol-water system, in particular, yields smaller, more uniform particles compared to other solvent systems. This research sheds light on the pivotal role of solvent selection in nanoparticle synthesis, emphasizing its profound impact on both the reduction process and the resulting particle size distribution. The findings underscore the nuanced relationship between solvent choice and the characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles, providing valuable insights for optimizing environmentally friendly synthesis methods. Ultimately, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on green chemistry approaches for nanoparticle synthesis with implications for pollution control and sustainable materials production.

Narrowing of band gap and decrease in dielectric loss in La1-xSrxMnO3 for x = 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2 manganite nanoparticles

Polycrystalline compounds of lanthanum strontium manganite (La1-xSrxMnO3, LSMO) are widely used in electronic storage devices due to their minimal losses and electronic charge transport properties. In this study, we investigated how varying substitutions of Sr2+ for values of x = 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2 affected the tuning of the optical band gap and dielectric losses in La1-xSrxMnO3 nanoparticles. Synthesized samples were structurally analyzed via X-ray diffraction. A rhombohedral R3¯c crystal structure was confirmed for all prepared samples; crystallite size ranging from 15 nm to 20 nm was estimated along with other lattice parameters. Polygonal or hexagonal-like morphology was revealed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, with a moderate size distribution of nanoparticles affected by thinner grain boundaries in doped LSMO. Energy dispersive spectroscopy was employed to confirm the elemental composition of each compound, and the infrared spectrum indicated bonding in the fingerprint region It was observed that there was a significant reduction in the optical band gap, which was measured using ultraviolet spectrometer absorption data. The band gap decreased from 4.34 eV to 4.11 eV. This reduction was found to be related to the difference in refractive index, which was calculated using both Moss and Herve–Vandamme relations. In parallel, frequency-dependent dielectric analysis revealed that frequency was proportional to the increase in Sr content, inversely affecting dielectric loss. Moreover, the AC conductivity of the prepared samples increased with the rise in Sr content, as described by Johnscher’s universal power law in the region of high frequency.

Valency of Ligand-Receptor Binding from Pair Potentials.

Coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations have been crucial for investigating the dynamics of nanoparticle uptake by cell membranes via ligand-receptor interactions. These models have enabled researchers to evaluate the effects of nanoparticle size, shape, and ligand distribution on cellular uptake. However, when pair potentials are used to represent ligand-receptor interactions, the number of receptors interacting with one ligand, valency, may vary. We demonstrate that the curvature of a nanoparticle, strength of ligand-receptor interactions, and ligand or receptor concentration change the valency, ranging from 3.4 to 5.1 in this study. Such a change in valency can create inaccurate comparisons between nanoparticles or even result in the uptake of smaller nanoparticles than would be expected. To rectify this inconsistency, we propose the adoption of a model based on bond formation and use it to determine the extent to which previous studies may have been affected. This work recommends avoiding pair potentials for modeling ligand-receptor interactions to ensure methodological consistency in nanoparticle studies.

Transmission electron microscopy reveals clusters of Au–Ag nanoparticles formed in TiO2 thin film, with enhanced plasmonic response

This work reports on the influence of nanoparticle (NP) size distribution and the chemical nature of gold (Au) and/or silver (Ag) NPs in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) responses. The NPs were produced embedded in a titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film, deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering technique followed by in-vacuum thermal treatment at 400 °C. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) gave quantitative key information in terms of both the size and distribution of the noble metal NPs. The average Feret diameter was 17 nm (σ = 8) and 55 nm (σ = 28) for Au/TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 films, respectively, while the Au–Ag/TiO2 film showed intermediate values, with an average size of 22 nm (σ = 9). HAAD-STEM, complemented by EDX chemical mapping, revealed an unusual formation of cluster structures containing local distributions of bimetallic (alloyed) Au–Ag NPs. The synergetic characteristics and properties of such bimetallic Au–Ag NPs resulted in an outstanding LSPR sensitivity compared to the monometallic counterparts. Furthermore, the analysis of the average nearest neighbor distances (about one order of magnitude lower than counterparts) suggests the existence of plasmonic hotspots relevant to be explored in sensing and surface-enhanced spectroscopies.

Enhanced formic acid electro-oxidation reaction over Ir,N-doped TiO2-supported Pt nanocatalyst

In this work, we prepared an Ir,N-doped TiO2 nanomaterial via a facile HNO3-assisted hydrothermal process that was used as an advanced support for nano-sized Pt nanoparticles (NPs) for the formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR). The physical and electrochemical behaviours of the as-made Pt/Ir,N-doped TiO2 catalyst were systemically investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopes coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (FE-SEM/EDX mapping), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), Tafel slope, CO-stripping, and chronoamperometric (CA) test. The Pt NPs (ca. 3 nm) were anchored on the Ir,N-doped TiO2 support, being formed by a mixture of rutile and brookite with a particle size of several ten nanometers. Due to the small size and uniform distribution of Pt NPs, the Pt/Ir,N-doped TiO2 catalyst had an electrochemical surface area of 79.88 m2 g−1, which was greater than that of the commercial Pt/C (77.63 m2 g−1). In terms of the FAOR, the Pt/Ir,N-doped TiO2 catalyst showed a negative FAOR onset potential, high current density (11.85 mA cm−2), and superior CO-tolerance compared to the commercially available catalyst. Also, the as-made catalyst possessed high electrochemical durability after 3600 s for testing. The enhanced FAOR efficiency was assigned to the formation of a dual-doping effect and strong interplay between Pt and TiO2-based support, which not only improved the electron transfer but also weakened the adsorption of carbonaceous species, thereby boosting the reaction kinetics. This study could open up a facile but effective strategy to promote particular electrochemical applications.

Fabrication of highly sensitive memristive device using NiO nanoparticles synthesized by single step wet chemical method

Single step wet chemical method is used to prepare molar concentration varied NiO nanoparticle using PVP as the capping agent. Structural, optical and electrical properties are investigated on the prepared samples and are correlated with growth. TEM shows particle size distribution ∼ 3–4 nm synthesized in the range 0.001–1 M which agrees with XRD and optical measurements. Red shift in absorption is observed in optical measurement with enhancing molarity. Because of lesser size distribution of NiO nanoparticles, larger native defect in the form of oxygen vacancies is expected which may beutilized in fabrication of memristive devices. The sensitivity of the devices is estimated through Roff/Ron and area of pinched hysteresis loopwhich shows promising result. Higher sensitivity is explained due to incorporation of more oxygen vacancies during the growth of NiO nanoparticles synthesized at higher concentration. The experimental memristive characteristics are validated through theoretical model fitting using different window functions.

Efficient and Sustainable Synthesis of Zinc Salt-Dependent Polycrystal Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Comprehensive Assessment of Physicochemical and Functional Properties

This research involved synthesizing zinc salt-dependent zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZS-ZnO-NPs) using different zinc salts (ZnCl2, ZnSO4·H2O, Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) and plant extracts of Phoenix dactylifera L. The synthesis efficiency was evaluated, and to carry out further investigations, zeta potential measurements, as well as SEM and TEM examinations, were performed to assess the morphology and size distribution of the nanoparticles. XRD and UV-Vis spectroscopy were also employed to confirm the crystalline nature and optical properties of the synthesized ZS-ZnO-NPs, respectively. FTIR analysis was also performed to identify chemical groups on the nanoparticle surface. Furthermore, the ZS-ZnO-NPs’ ability to scavenge free radicals (FRs●), and thus their antioxidant capacity, was assessed using the DPPH FR● assay. The results showed that the type of zinc salt used for the synthesis significantly influenced the yield, stability, optical properties, morphology, and size distribution of nanoparticles. The zinc salt-dependent yield exhibited a notable range, varying from 50.3% to 55.3%. The nanoparticle size ranged from 3.7 to 10.2 nm, with the zeta potential ranging from −28.6 to −46.7 mV and the gap energy (Eg) ranging from 3.28 to 3.39 eV. Moreover, the synthesized ZS-ZnO-NPs exhibited concentration and time-dependent inhibitory activity against DPPH FR●, showing potential as antioxidant agents in biomedicine and other industries.