Method For Preparation Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Collagen and Its Derivatives Serving Biomedical Purposes: A Review.

Biomaterials have been the subject of extensive research, and their applications in medicine and pharmacy are expanding rapidly. Collagen and its derivatives stand out as valuable biomaterials due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lack of toxicity and immunogenicity. This review comprehensively examines collagen from various sources, its extraction and processing methods, and its structural and functional properties. Preserving the native state of collagen is crucial for maintaining its beneficial characteristics. The challenges associated with chemically modifying collagen to tailor its properties for specific clinical needs are also addressed. The review discusses various collagen-based biomaterials, including solutions, hydrogels, powders, sponges, scaffolds, and thin films. These materials have broad applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing. Additionally, the review highlights current research trends related to collagen and its derivatives. These trends may significantly influence future developments, such as using collagen-based bioinks for 3D bioprinting or exploring new collagen nanoparticle preparation methods and drug delivery systems.

Biomimetic Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics.

Nanoparticles can enhance drugs accumulating at the tumor site and hold tremendous promise for achieving effective tumor treatment. However, due to the complexity of cancer heterogeneity and suppressive tumor microenvironment, the delivery of traditional nanoparticles has poor infiltration and off-target effects, making it difficult to control the drug release rate and causing off-target toxicity. In recent years, cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles have been developed, which have both the natural characteristics of biomembranes and the physical characteristics of traditional nanoparticles, thus improving the homologous targeting ability of nanoparticles to tumor cells and better biocompatibility. In this paper, we reviewed the application of single cell membrane and hybrid cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles in the integration for tumor diagnosis and treatment. We talked about the preparation methods of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, the targeting mechanisms, and the effects of imaging and therapeutic outcomes of different cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles in detail. Finally, we discussed the existing problems and prospects of cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanomaterials.

Preparation, Characterization and Drug Delivery Research of γ-Polyglutamic Acid Nanoparticles: A Review.

γ-Polyglutamic acid is a kind of biomaterial and environmentally friendly polymer material with the characteristics of water solubility and good biocompatibility. It has a wide range of applications in medicine, food, cosmetics and other fields. This article reviews the preparation, characterization and medical applications of γ-polyglutamic acid nanoparticles. Nanoparticles prepared by using γ- polyglutamic acid not only had the traditional advantages of enhancing drug stability and slow-release effect, but also were simple to prepare without any biological toxicity. The current methods of nanoparticle preparation mainly include the ion gel method and solvent exchange method, which use the total electrostatic force, van der Waals force, hydrophobic interaction force and hydrogen bond force between molecules to embed materials with different characteristics. At present, there are more and more studies on the use of γ-polyglutamic acid to encapsulate drugs, and the research on the mechanism of its encapsulation and sustained release has gradually matured. The development and application of polyglutamic acid nanoparticles have broad prospects.

Preparation and Regulation of Natural Amphiphilic Zein Nanoparticles by Microfluidic Technology.

Microfluidic technology, as a continuous and mass preparation method of nanoparticles, has attracted much attention in recent years. In this study, zein nanoparticles (ZNPs) were continuously fabricated in a highly controlled manner by combining a microfluidics platform with the antisolvent method. The impact of ethanol content (60~95%, v/v) and flow rates of inner and outer phases in the microfluidics platform on particle properties were examined. Among all ZNPS, 90%-ZNPs have the highest solubility (32.83%) and the lowest hydrophobicity (90.43), which is the reverse point of the hydrophobicity of ZNPs. Moreover, when the inner phase flow rate was 1.5 mL/h, the particle size decreased significantly from 182.81 nm to 133.13 nm as the outer phase flow rate increased from 10 mL/h to 50 mL/h. The results revealed that ethanol content had significant impacts on hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of ZNPs. The flow rates of ethanol-water solutions and deionized water (solvent and antisolvent) in the microfluidics platform significantly affected the particle size of ZNPs. These findings demonstrated that the combined application of a microfluidics platform and an antisolvent method could be an effective pathway for precisely controlling the fabrication process of protein nanoparticles and modulating their physicochemical properties.

Silica-coated liquid metal nanoparticles with different stiffness for cellular uptake-enhanced tumor photothermal therapy

Cells can sense the mechanical stimulation of nanoparticles (NPs) and then regulate the cellular uptake process. The enhanced endocytosis efficiency can improve the concentration of NPs in tumor cells significantly, which is the key prerequisite for achieving efficient biological performance. However, the preparation methods of NPs with flexible and tunable stiffness are relatively limited, and the impact of stiffness property on their interaction with tumor cells remains unclear. In this study, soft liquid metal (LM) core was coated with hard silica layer, the obtained core-shell NPs with a wide range of Young's modulus (130.5 ± 25.6 MPa - 1729.2 ± 146.7 MPa) were prepared by adjusting the amount of silica. It was found that the NPs with higher stiffness exhibited superior cellular uptake efficiency and lysosomal escape ability compared to the NPs with lower stiffness. The silica layer not only affected the stiffness, but also improved the photothermal stability of the LM NPs. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the NPs with higher stiffness displayed significantly enhanced tumor hyperthermia capability. This work may provide a paradigm for the preparation of NPs with varying stiffness and offer insights into the role of the mechanical property of NPs in their delivery.

Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery.

The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and necessitated the creation of more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles sit at the forefront of numerous promising drug delivery designs, due to their unmatched control over physiochemical properties such as size, shape, architecture, charge, and surface functionality. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles have the ability to navigate various biological barriers to precisely target specific sites within the body, encapsulate a diverse range of therapeutic cargo and efficiently release this cargo in response to internal and external stimuli. However, despite these remarkable advantages, the presence of polymeric nanoparticles in wider clinical application is minimal. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. The biological barriers affecting drug delivery will be outlined first, followed by a comprehensive description of the various nanoparticle designs and preparation methods, beginning with the polymers on which they are based. The review will meticulously explore the current performance of polymeric nanoparticles against a myriad of diseases including cancer, viral and bacterial infections, before finally evaluating the advantages and crucial challenges that will determine their wider clinical potential in the decades to come.

The Effect of Different Factors on Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticle Properties and Drug Release Behaviors When Co-Loaded with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Drugs.

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) are versatile drug nanocarriers with a wide spectrum of applications owing to their extensive advantages, including biodegradability, non-toxic side effects, and low immunogenicity. Among the numerous nanoparticle preparation methods available for PLGA NPs (the hydrophobic polymer), one of the most extensively utilized preparations is the sonicated-emulsified solvent evaporation method, owing to its simplicity, speed, convenience, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, several factors can influence the outcomes, such as the types of concentration of the surfactants and organic solvents, as well as the volume of the aqueous phase. The objective of this article is to explore the influence of these factors on the properties of PLGA NPs and their drug release behavior following encapsulation. Herein, PLGA NPs were fabricated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a surfactant to investigate the impact of influencing factors, including different water-soluble organic solvents such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethyl acetate (PA), and dichloromethane (DCM). Notably, the size of PLGA NPs was smaller in the EA group compared to that in the DCM group. Moreover, PLGA NPs showed excellent stability, ascribed to the presence of the BSA surfactant. Furthermore, PLGA NPs were co-loaded with varying concentrations of hydrophilic drugs (doxorubicin hydrochloride) and hydrophobic drugs (celecoxib), and exhibited pH-sensitive drug release behavior in PBS with pH 7.4 and pH 5.5.

HA/PLA Composite Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Capsaicin: Fabrication, Characterization and in vitro‐in vivo Evaluation

AbstractIn this paper, hydroxylapatite (HA) nanoparticles were constructed through the ultrasound‐assisted dispersion method. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we studied the preparation methods of HA nanoparticles, and spherical HA nanoparticles with a size of about 50 nm were prepared. Besides, we constructed the HA/PLA composite nanoparticles with polylactic acid (PLA) as the material. The effects of different composite proportions on the HA/PLA composite nanoparticles were investigated before Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and SEM, were applied to preliminary evaluate the effects of the above‐mentioned nanoparticles on capsaicin release. Through an in vitro study, we found that the release rate of the drug could be influenced by various release media and different compounding ratios (of HA and PLA). Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics study of capsaicin powder and capsaicin‐loaded HA/PLA composite nanoparticles demonstrated marked increased Cmax, prolongation of Tmax to 8 h, increased T1/2 and mean retention time (MRT) by 6.7 and 5.6 times respectively, coupled with 9240.2 % increase in relative bioavailability. Of note, HA/PLA composite nanoparticles showed good biocompatibility and exhibited good long‐term controlled release carriers, coupled with the ability to improve the solubility and bioavailability of a lipophilic drug.

The study of optical and electrical properties of AgInS2-based composite

sPhotovoltaic solar energy was one of the few sustainable and pollution-free energy sources. AgInS2 was a promising photovoltaic material, which had attracted considerable in long time due to its outstanding photovoltaic performance. Furthermore, the nanoparticles could improve the light absorption efficiency of absorption layer to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell. In this paper, the suitable preparation methods of AgInS2 film and gold nanoparticles were used to improve the optical-electric performances of AgInS2-based solar cell. AgInS2 films were prepared by vacuum evaporation using different raw materials (Ag + In + S and Ag2S + In2S3) and then annealed at 400 °C or 425 °C. From absorption spectrum, the AgInS2 film, which was prepared by two components (Ag2S + In2S3) and annealed at 400 °C, had the highest absorption. And the transmission spectrum of the AgInS2 film was similar to that obtained from finite difference time domain simulation. Furthermore, this AgInS2 film was used to prepare AgInS2/CdS PN junction and AgInS2/gold/CdS PN junction. Due to the introduction of gold nanoparticles, the forward current of the AgInS2/gold/CdS PN junction increased an order of magnitude, but ideal factor and barrier height decreased, which meant that gold nanoparticles can promote carrier transport and improve electric property. As a result, this AgInS2/gold/CdS PN junction owned high absorption efficiency, low reverse saturation current and large barrier height, which meant huge application potential in solar cells field.

NANOPARTÍCULAS DE ZEÍNA/PVA INCORPORADAS COM EUGENOL E ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DO CRAVO-DA-ÍNDIA: OTIMIZAÇÃO DA SÍNTESE E VALIDAÇÃO ANALÍTICA PARA QUANTIFICAÇÃO DO EUGENOL

ZEIN/PVA NANOPARTICLES LOADED WITH EUGENOL AND CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL: OPTIMIZATION OF SYNTHESIS AND ANALYTICAL VALIDATION FOR EUGENOL QUANTIFICATION. Nanoparticles of zein (NPZ) stabilized with surfactant polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and nanoparticles of zein/PVA loaded with eugenol (NPZ-Eug) and the essential oil extracted from the clove (Syzygium aromaticum) (NPZ-OC) were produced by nanoprecipitation method. The extraction method of essential oil of the clove was carried out by the hydrodistillation technique, obtaining a content of 81.5% (m/m) of eugenol. The nanoparticle preparation method was optimized using a one-factor-at-a-time design of experiments, where different levels of variables (zein concentration, PVA concentration, and eugenol concentration) were explored. The best condition of synthesis was obtained with 0.3% (m/v) zein, 0.6% (m/v) PVA and 1.5 mg L-1 eugenol or essential oil of the clove, reaching NPs with acceptable propriety for stable nanoparticulate systems: size particles (NPZ = 113, NPZ-Eug = 229 and NPZ-OC = 279 nm), polydispersity index (PDI < 0.26), and zeta potential (≈ −30 mV). Loaded NPs showed encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading of 52 and 20% (NPZ-Eug), and 62, 27% (NPZ-OC), respectively. The quantification method of eugenol was validated by analytical parameters. Finally, all NPs produced exhibited good colloidal stability, confirming the effectiveness of PVA as a stabilizing agent, which had not been previously reported for these systems. The results obtained provide promising prospects for further investigations into its potential application as a bioinsecticide agent.

Protein Nanoparticles Laden In situ Gel for Topical Ocular Drug Delivery.

Topical ocular delivery of drugs is most commonly preferred route by the patient and physician for the treatment of ocular diseases. The topical route is always followed with the disadvantages like tear turnover, nasolacrimal drainage, reduction in precorneal residence time, etc</i>. To overcome these hindrances associated with topical ocular route, a novel drug delivery system is used for targeting the drug at a specific site. In the Novel Drug delivery System, protein-based nanoparticles are an attractive class of nanoparticles designed to deliver the drug at targeted site in slow and sustained release manner. They have a size in the range of 1-100 nm. Protein nanoparticles are leading, particularly for the topical ocular delivery like reduction in intra ocular pressure, providing sustained release and targeted drug delivery at the site of its action. Various methods are used for formulation of protein nanoparticles like desolvation, emulsification, complex coacervation, electrospray techniques. The characterization parameters include particle size, surface morphology, drug loading and entrapment efficiency. Protein nanoparticles can also be loaded in to the in situ</i> gel forming polymers for increasing precorneal residence time of nanoparticles. The characterization parameters of in situ</i> gelling systems are gelling time, rheological properties, gel strength. The review mainly describes the use of various proteins in preparation of protein nanoparticles, methods for preparation of protein nanoparticles, polymers used in in situ</i> gelling system and evaluation as well as characterization parameters of protein nanoparticles, in situ</i> gelling systems & patented information related to protein nanoparticles and in situ</i> gelling system for ocular drug delivery.

Properties of silicon nanoparticles prepared by pulse discharge and ball milling.

In this paper, nano-silicon particles were prepared by pulse discharge and ball milling. Firstly, the bulk silicon material was gasified and melted at high temperature in the process of pulse discharge, and then the micro nanoparticles with small grain sizes, a high degree of disorder in crystal orientation and a certain amorphous structure were obtained by rapid condensation. The particles and internal grains were further refined by ball milling, and finally silicon nanoparticles with a high degree of amorphization, an average particle size of about 80.4 nm and a uniform size distribution were obtained. The results show that the longer the milling time, the smaller the grain size and the higher the proportion of the amorphous phase. The electrochemical performance analysis shows that the first charge specific capacity of Si pulse discharge is 3824 mA h g-1, and the coulombic efficiency is 83.1%. After 100 cycles, the capacity retention rate is 14.2%, while the capacity retention rate of Si-15 h is 41.5%, which greatly improves the cycle life. The preparation method of silicon nanoparticles proposed in this paper is simple and effective, shortens the preparation time, and obtains silicon nanoparticles with a high degree of amorphization, which can provide a new method for the preparation of silicon nanoparticles.

Synthesis, magnetic and dielectric properties of poly(m-phenylenediamine)/ZnNiFe2O4 nanocomposites

The different concentration of ZnNiFe2O4 nanoparticles dispersed Poly(m-phenylenediamine) (PmPD)/ZnNiFe2O4 nanocomposites were synthesized by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization method and using auto combustion method for preparation of ZnNiFe2O4 nanoparticles. The synthesized PmPD/ZnNiFe2O4 nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, TGA and VSM. The formation and crystalline size of PmPD/ZnNiFe2O4 nanocomposites were confirmed through XRD and FTIR. The surface, morphology and shape of the PmPD/ZnNiFe2O4 nanocomposites were studied by SEM and TEM. The concentration of ZnNiFe2O4 influenced the thermal stability of PmPD/ZnNiFe2O4 nanocomposites. The hysteresis loop of ZnNiFe2O4 and PmPD/ZnNiFe2O4 nanocomposites confirmed their ferromagnetic behaviour. The dielectric constant of samples was analysed with different temperatures and frequencies.

Polyhydroxy Fullerene for Synthesizing Noble Metal Nanoparticles

The redox properties of fullerene and its derivatives enable them to function as electron relays through either oxidation or reduction. Polyhydroxy fullerene (PHF), also known as fullerol or fullerenol, is highly water-soluble derivative and a well-known antioxidant. We have found that PHF is also very effective in reducing noble metal precursors and stabilizing metal nanoparticles by forming covalent M-O bonds. Traditionally, noble metal nanoparticles, such as gold are synthesized using a reducing agent like sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or sodium citrate at elevated temperatures and alkaline pH, with stabilizers added during nucleation to control the size and dispersion of the nanoparticles. While sodium citrate is sometimes used as a single reducing and stabilizing agent, it is not an effective stabilizer and is often replaced with polymers to improve colloidal dispersion. In contrast, PHF can be used as a single reducing and stabilizing agent for metal nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized by simply mixing the metal precursors with PHF in an aqueous phase and stirring at room temperature. The size and morphology of synthesized nanoparticles were characterized with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, aberration corrected TEM, and dynamic light scattering. These nanoparticles were monodisperse with size ranging from 2 nm to 100 nm in diameter, which could be controlled by changing the concentration of the two reactants. We utilized multiple tools to investigate the mechanism of reduction and nanoparticle formation. We propose a kinetic agglomerate-dissociation mechanism to describe the formation of gold nanoparticles using PHF. Kinetic agglomerates form instantaneously upon mixing the two reactants due to electrostatic interactions. During the reduction process reactive carbonyl peaks were observed with electron energy loss spectroscopy. The carbonyl moieties were observed only after agglomerate formation and subsequently changed to Au-O bonds between PHF and synthesized gold nanoparticles, which was confirmed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and density-functional theory calculations, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Further, we demonstrated that the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using PHF can be affected by pH due to changes in hemiketal structure of PHF. Compared to citrate ions, PHF-coated gold nanoparticles are more stable, remaining so for over two years. The novel PHF-mediated synthesis method can also be applied to other noble metals like platinum, palladium, and silver and create bimetallic nanoparticles. The surface PHF coating on noble metal nanoparticles integrates the properties of both metal and carbon nanoparticles, resulting in superior functional applications. Our findings open up new opportunities for metallic nanoparticle preparation methods, properties, and applications.

Detection of Heavy Metal Ions Based on Gold Nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles, abbreviated as AuNPs, have been widely used in catalysis, optics, electronics, and biotechnology due to their unique performance brought by large specific surface area. In recent years, with the improvement of health awareness, the use of gold nanoparticles to detect heavy metal ions has become a research hotspot. The detection is based on colorimetric techniques, which means the metal ions are detected through the color change in solutions. This color change is visible or could be distinguished by ultraviolet-vissible spectrometers. Numerous studies have been published on gold nanoparticles, especially for its synthesis methods. This work introduced the chemical, physical, and biological preparation methods of gold nanoparticles. Understanding mechanisms for detecting heavy metal ions using AuNPs is also very important. Aggregating mechanism, anti-aggregation mechanism, and etching mechanism were also introduced. In addition, applications of using AuNPs to detect heavy metal ions were also introduced. This work will help promote the further development of this technology.

Microfluidic-assisted preparation of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with insulin: a comparison with double emulsion solvent evaporation method

Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is an ideal polymer for the delivery of small and macromolecule drugs. Conventional preparation methods of PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) result in poor control over NPs properties. In this research, a microfluidic mixer was designed to produce insulin-loaded PLGA NPs with tuned properties. Importantly; aggregation of the NPs through the mixer was diminished due to the coaxial mixing of the precursors. The micromixer allowed for the production of NPs with small size and narrow size distribution compared to the double emulsion solvent evaporation (DESE) method. Furthermore, encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity indicated a significant increase in optimized NPs produced through the microfluidic method in comparison to DESE method. NPs prepared by the microfluidic method were able to achieve a more reduction of trans-epithelial electrical resistance values in the Caco-2 cells compared to those developed by the DESE technique that leads to greater paracellular permeation. Compatibility and interaction between components were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared analysis. Also, the effect of NPs on cell toxicity was investigated using MTT test. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the effect of mixing patterns on the properties of the NPs. It was revealed that by decreasing flow rate ratio, i.e. flow rate of the organic phase to the flow rate of the aqueous phase, mixing of the two streams increases. As an alternative to the DESE method, high flexibility in modulating hydrodynamic conditions of the microfluidic mixer allowed for nanoassembly of NPs with superior insulin encapsulation at smaller particle sizes.

In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles with controllable size distribution and high content in bagasse nanocellulose hydrogel

Developing an environment-friendly preparation method for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite is significant. However, it remains challenges in size adjustment and content improvement of AgNPs. Here, the NaIO4 oxidation and TEMPO-mediated oxidation were applied to bagasse pulp to prepare nanocellulose (NC) with both carboxyl and aldehyde groups. The aldehyde content of NC could be adjusted in the range of 0.21–1.45 mmol/g by different NaIO4 oxidation times. When the carboxyl groups were protonated, NC with a high length-diameter ratio could construct stable hydrogels in a low concentration at 0.5 wt%. The NC hydrogels showed excellent in situ synthesis ability of AgNPs with abundant pore structure. By regulating the carboxyl group content of NC, the size distribution of synthesized AgNPs could be controlled in the range of 7.14–28.6 nm with high content of 6.79–11.0 %. The NC/AgNPs composite hydrogel exhibited high catalytic degradation activity for 4-nitrophenol and antibacterial activity. This approach for constructing NC hydrogel paves the way for AgNPs composite products with adjustable sizes and high contents.

Albumin nanoparticles and their folate modified counterparts for delivery of a lupine derivative to hepatocellular carcinoma

In this study, folate polyethylene glycol CTr albumin nanoparticles (FA-PEG-CTr-NPs) targeting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were prepared. The nanoparticle preparation method was optimized using single-factor and response surface analysis. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, and morphology. The particle size and zeta potential were also determined. Additionally, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release of the nanoparticles were determined. Using the Cell Counting Kit-8 method, their cytotoxicity and their cell-targeted uptake were determined using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Finally, the in vivo antitumor impact and tumor-targeting ability of the nanoparticles were evaluated by determining tumor volume inhibition and drug biodistribution and performing hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. It was found that CTr could be effectively encapsulated into albumin nanoparticles and functionalized. The drug loading of the two nanoparticles was 67.12 ± 2.4% and 69.33 ± 2.8%, respectively. Regarding drug release, FA-PEG-CTr-NPs (89.0%) exhibited a superior release rate to CTr-NPs (70.5%) in an acidic environment. The in vitro experiments confirmed that FA-PEG-CTr-NPs yielded better cytotoxicity and faster drug uptake results than CTr and CTr-NPs. In vivo experiments confirmed that FA-PEG-CTr-NPs exhibited markedly better tumor inhibitory activity (inhibition rate was 80.21%), drug safety, and targeting than CTr and CTr-NPs. In conclusion, functionalized nanoparticles (FA-PEG-CTr-NPs) can specifically inhibit the malignant proliferation of HCC cells and are thus a promising nanoagent for the treatment of HCC.

Review on the Use of Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Detection of Environmental Pollutants

Magnetic nanomaterials (MNPs) have been widely used in the detection of pollutants in the environment because of their excellent nano effect and magnetic properties. These intrinsic properties of MNPs have diversified their application in environmental contaminant detection. In this paper, the research status quo of the use of MNPs in detecting organic and inorganic contaminants from wastewater and soil is reviewed. The preparation method and modification technology of magnetic nanoparticles are also described in detail. The application prospect of magnetic nanoparticle composites in the detection of contaminants in water and soil is discussed. Compared with traditional detection methods, MNPs are more accurate and efficient in pollutant enrichment. Moreover, the biological synthesis of MNPs was proven to be eco-friendly and aided in sustainable development. The study shows that MNPs have good application prospects in soil pollution detection, but the mechanism still needs to be investigated to realize their popularization and application.

Effects of Sufentanil Nanoparticles on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

This research was aimed to investigate the effects of sufentanil nanoparticles (Suf-NPs) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells, and to provide theoretical support for future drug therapy. Based on the preparation method of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), stearic acid and lecithin were used as materials to prepare Suf-NPs. The physical and chemical properties of Suf-NPs were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and particle size analyzer. A549 human LUAD cell line was selected. According to different cell treatment methods, A549 cells were randomly divided into control (Con), sufentanil (Suf), blank SLN, and Suf-NPs groups. Con was cultured routinely, and Suf group was treated with 0.02 μg/mL sufentanil. Suf-NPs group was treated with Suf-NPs, and the concentration was the same as that in the Suf group. The SLN group was added with blank SLN suspension. CCK8 assay was adopted to test the proliferation inhibition rate (PIR) of A549 cells treated with SUF-NPs. Flow cytometry and dual-color fluorescence microscopy were adopted to detect the apoptosis rate. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins P53, Bax, and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot. The results revealed that the average particle size of Suf-NPs was (113.86±2.03) nm, the zeta potential was (−28.44±1.52) mV, the encapsulation efficiency (PER) was (82.02±3.56) %, and the drug loading (DL) capacity was (50.31±6.49) %. As against Con, the PIR, apoptosis rate, P53, and Bax protein expression was significantly higher (P &lt;0.001), and Bcl-2 protein was markedly inferior in Suf, SLN, and Suf-NPs groups (P &lt;0.05). Compared with the Suf, the Suf-NPs group had markedly higher PIR, apoptosis rate, and expression of P53 and Bax proteins (P &lt; 0.05), and markedly lower expression of Bcl-2 protein (P &lt;0.05). Suf-NPs can markedly restrain A549 human LUAD cells, promote their apoptosis, and affect the expression of related genes and proteins. It provides a theoretical basis for the future development of Suf-NPs as a drug for the treatment of lung cancer (LC).