Composite Nanoparticles Research Articles

Effect of gum Arabic coating on release behavior of curcumin-loaded kafirin and zein composite nanoparticles

Prolamins extracted from cereal crops have shown promise as delivery vessels for hydrophobic bioactives. Kafirin, the main prolamin in sorghum, is more hydrophobic than its better known relative, zein, which makes kafirin an interesting candidate for encapsulation applications. Our aim was to find effective ways to fabricate kafirin-based nanoparticles with excellent encapsulation and release properties in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. We introduced gum Arabic (GA), a food-grade polysaccharide to stabilize kafirin by collectively forming nanoparticles. We measured encapsulation and release properties of the resulting nanoparticles using curcumin as a model drug, and compared them to zein-based nanoparticles. Electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions drove the formation of curcumin-loaded GA-kafirin and GA-zein nanoparticles. The presence of GA coating improved encapsulation efficiency and pH stability of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles over a wide pH range of 3–8, and markedly slowed down curcumin release in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, especially for kafirin nanoparticles compared to zein-based ones. Regarding the release mechanism, binding forces between kafirin and curcumin played a more significant role in the slow-release rate in gastric fluid compared to the digestibility resistance characteristics of zein. These results indicate that GA-coated kafirin nanoparticles can significantly improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic nutrient molecules, such as curcumin. Our results provide a foundation for their application in sustained-release delivery systems and nutritious drinks, thereby expanding the range of prolamin species for encapsulation applications.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles-capped aminated lignin as a robust active catalyst for dye discoloration

Considering the severity of global environmental issues, biomass-derived products have received significant attention as alternatives to foster sustainability and eco-friendliness. The use of metal nanoparticle catalysts for dye decomposition is emerging as a promising approach for environmentally friendly dye removal. In this study, an aminosilane-modified lignin (AML)/silver nanoparticle (AgNP) composite was fabricated and used as a hydrogenation catalyst. The AgNPs were well dispersed on the AML surface and formed strong bonds within the AML/AgNP complex. AML also served as an effective reducing and capping agent for Ag(I) ions. The AML/AgNPs were found to be an efficient catalyst with excellent dye degradation ability and easy reusability. Biomass-derived lignin can be used as a reducing and capping agent for metals and this complex can be used as a high-value bio-catalyst for wastewater remediation.

Efficient and stable supercapacitors using rGO/ZnO nanocomposites via wet chemical reaction

The electrochemical behaviorof metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) can be improved by maximizing the surface area and combining materials with high electrical conductivity. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) enables to bestow a larger surface area for intercalation and deintercalation as well as shorter paths for ion transfer, lowering ionic resistance. In the current research, hybrid composites of rGO and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs were successfully synthesized by using a wet chemical method for the application of supercapacitors. The wet chemical technique for industrial-scale nanocomposite synthesis is easy, fast, and cost-effective and requires no specialized equipment. The size, surface morphology, and crystalline structure of the rGO/ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by using FE-SEM, HR-TEM, and XRD, respectively. By using cyclic voltammetry and Galvanostatic charge–discharge tests, it was confirmed that the capacitances of rGO/ZnO composites were significantly enhanced compared to that of pure ZnO NPs. The proposed nanocomposite could achieve significantly enhanced specific capacitance (258 Fg−1) and also, it was able to achieve a longer life cycle with maximum capacitance retention. We expect that this work provides a simple but very effective strategy for the rGO and metal oxide NP composites.

Assembly mechanism of glycosylated soybean protein isolate-chitosan nanocomposite particles and its Pickering emulsion construction for stabilization of Alpinia galanga essential oil: A mechanistic investigation

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of stabilization of Pickering emulsion with glycosylated soybean protein isolate-chitosan (SPI-Dex: CS) nanocomposite particles. The results indicated that the glycosylated modifications induced changes in the micromorphology and molecular structure of SPI, which resulted in a decrease in particle size and hydrophobicity and an increase in zeta potential. The complexation of CS-induced changes in the micromorphology and molecular arrangement of the composite nanoparticles, as well as the binding sites and modification effect, decreased with increased CS ratio. SPI-Dex-CS composite nanoparticles successfully stabilize Pickering emulsions loaded with Alpinia galanga essential oil, in which glycosylation and CS complexation jointly improved the encapsulation efficiency, centrifugal/storage stability, and rheological behavior of emulsions for essential oils. Nanocomposite particle assembly was subjected to electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic forces, with the optimal performance of emulsions in the SPI-Dex75: CS25 ratio. The study is rewarding for applying polysaccharide-protein-based encapsulation systems in food and packaging applications.

Experimental Investigation for the Preparation of Taro Leaf Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Method and its Characterization

Abstract: In the present work, nano particles of Taro leaf were successfully synthesized chemically by modified Sol-gel method. Methanol is used as a solvent and buffers are added to take care for the homogeneity and PH value of the solution. Compared to micro particles, Nanoparticles have advanced characteristics and distinctly different properties. Taro leaf nanoparticles are one of the leaves nanoparticles which has varied and different properties when compared to other. Taro Leaf nanoparticles have considerable attention due to their attractive physical and chemical properties, Silver nitrate is taken as the metal precursor and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. This preparation is simple, but the great care must be exercised to make stable particles. Here the Taro leaf nanoparticles are synthesized by sol gel process. Therefore the nanoparticles are characterized by the different techniques like SEM to find the size morphology and composition of leaf nanoparticles, XRD to know the lattice parameters. The peaks in the XRD pattern are in good agreement with the standard values.

Magnetically recyclable nano-sized Fe3O4@TiO2 heterogeneous photocatalyst for 2-substituted benzimidazoles synthesis under visible light

The method for immobilizing TiO2 nanoparticles on Fe3O4 was presented. On the base of microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations, the prepared Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticle composites were employed as a heterogeneous photocatalyst to catalyze the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles under incandescent light. The composite material exhibited the enhanced photoactivity compared to bare TiO2 and Fe3O4, being able to yield a variety of 2-substituted benzimidazoles in moderate to good yield with recyclability and stability. A possible photocatalysis mechanism was investigated based on the free radical scavengers tracking method. It was evident that holes, ·OH radical and singlet oxygen played the important roles in the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole.

Molecularly imprinted sensors for the determination of anthocyanins in food products

A novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was developed for the sensitive and selective determination of anthocyanins in athletic food products. The sensor was fabricated by incorporating a conductive composite of graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles as the transducer material, which was modified with a silylation agent to enhance compatibility with the molecularly imprinted polymer. The MIP was synthesized using functional monomers that can interact with anthocyanins through hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. The MIP sensor exhibited a linear response range from 1 nM to 10 μM for cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, with a detection limit of 0.3 nM. The sensor demonstrated high selectivity towards the target anthocyanin, with selectivity coefficients ranging from 7.2 to 48.6 over various interfering compounds. The MIP sensor was successfully applied to the determination of anthocyanin content in commercial athletic food products, with relative errors ranging from -2.1 % to 1.3 % compared to the reference HPLC method. The recoveries of anthocyanins from spiked food samples ranged from 96.4 % to 102.8 %.

Experimental analysis of the storage of thermal power by a thermosyphon amalgamated nanophase change material in thermal management systems

Current research examines thermal power storage by thermosyphon amalgamated nanophase change material in thermal management systems. The experiments were analysed with heat inputs ranging from 40 to 90 W using deionized water, ethyl acetate, hydrofluoroether-7100, and n-propylamine as thermal fluids. The copper‑titanium nanocomposite particles at different concentrations (0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.08, and 0.05 wt%) are disseminated in a phase change material (methyl cinnamate). Due to its high thermal conductivity, a 0.5 wt% concentrated nanophase change material was used in this study. The heat transfer effectiveness, charging, and retrieving attributes of the nanophase change material are investigated using thermal fluids. The results indicate that hydrofluoroether-7100 has a lower thermal resistance, maximum heat transfer coefficient, and highest heat dissipation rate of about 0.26 K/W, 203.8 W/(m2‧K), and 98.9 %, respectively, at the maximum heat input. The low enthalpy of vaporization and surface tension are the causes of the acquired results. The maximum thermal power storage by the nanophase change material is 7.2 W during charging due to the influence of vaporized hydrofluoroether-7100 at 90 W, which is attributed to the increased vapor mass flow and shorter time required to reach the steady-state temperature of the melted nanophase change material. The overall exergy efficiency is greater in the case of deionized water and is 4.8 % owing to the greater temperature difference and heat loss. Moreover, the minimum possible power savings of approximately 6.2 % are obtained using the developed setup.

High-performance Ag-TiO2 nanoparticle composite catalyst synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid: properties, mechanism and preparation studies

Precious metal doping can effectively improves the catalytic performance of TiO2. In this study, pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is employed to integrate preparation with doping and control composite nanoparticle products by adjusting the laser action time to synthesise Ag-TiO2 composite nanoparticles with high catalytic performance. The generation and evolution of Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles are investigated by analysing particle size, microscopic morphology, crystalline phase, and other characteristics. The generation and doped-morphology evolution of composite nanoparticles are simulated based on thermodynamics, and the optimisation of Ag-doped structure on the composite nanomaterials is investigated based on density functional theory. The effect of Ag-TiO2 structural properties on its performance is examined under different catalytic conditions to determine optimal degradation conditions. In this study, the effect of laser ablation time on the doped structure during PLAL is analysed, which is of further research significance in exploring the structural evolution law of laser and composite nanoparticles, multi-variate catalytic performance testing, reduction of photogenerated carrier complexation rate, and expansion of its spectral absorption range, thereby providing the basis for practical production.

Catalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles in cyclization reactions for pyrazolone formation: DNA binding analysis via spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and molecular docking

This method of sustainable synthesis utilizes a range of aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes, phenylhydrazine, and ethyl acetoacetates. The TiO2 nanoparticle catalyst facilitates cyclization reactions, yielding pyrazolone derivatives with exceptional efficiency (95–97 %) under reflux conditions at 80 °C. The current method achieves high yields of the corresponding cyclo-products in a short reaction time. A variety of physicochemical methods were employed to ascertain the chemical characteristics and structure of the synthesized heterocycles, and the geometrical structure of the well-crystallized compound (Z)-4-((5-bromofuran-2-yl)methylene)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one was characterized by the use of single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurement. The morphology and elemental composition of TiO2 nanoparticles were examined using SEM/EDX before and after the model reaction. A drop in the Ti (titanium) signal following the reaction indicates surface alterations. The present process provides a new and improved synthesis process for the formation of pyrazolones that is more convenient, well organized in terms of good yields, a simple handling procedure, a short reaction time, and user-friendliness compared to other surviving procedures. One of the synthesized compounds, (Z)-4-((5-bromofuran-2-yl)methylene)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (2), exhibited significant DNA binding activity. This was further confirmed by a molecular docking study, which revealed a binding energy of −7.2 kcal/mol, and by analyzing the mode of interaction.

Nanocomposite marvels: Miniaturized high bandwidth microstrip patch antenna for X-band applications

Zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) is widely recognized as a ceramic in high demand across various microwave applications. Furthermore, blending dielectric materials with ZnAl2O4 has demonstrated improvements in its dielectric properties, offering promising potential for advancing microstrip patch antenna technology. This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of a sol-gel composite nanoparticle consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) for use in a microstrip patch antenna designed for X-band applications. The composite nanoparticle, with a molecular composition of xTiO2(1-x)ZnAl2O4 where x = 8 %, was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing dominant peaks corresponding to ZnAl2O4 and TiO2 with a calculated crystallite size of 16.9 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to assess functional groups, morphology, and elemental composition of the nanoparticles. The dielectric properties of the nanoparticles, characterized by a dielectric permittivity of 20.2 and a dielectric loss of 0.19, were measured using an LCR meter. These nanoparticles were utilized to fabricate a prototype patch antenna, exhibiting promising performance in both simulated and measured results. The fabricated patch antenna operated at 8.51/8.49 GHz with a return loss (RL) of − 25.94/−19.97 dB, featuring an enhanced bandwidth of 2.62/2.87 GHz and a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) below 2. Additionally, the antenna demonstrated a gain of 2.14, directivity of 3.58, and radiation efficiency of 59.7 %, making it suitable for X-band applications.

Effect of nanoparticles on morphological parameters of wheat

ABSTRACT This work is devoted to studying the features of the generation of metal nanoparticles (NPs) by underwater discharges and their use in the technology of growing grain crops. The purpose of the study is to use the latest nano-containing preparations based on NPs of biofunctional metals, which will allow the introduction of modern technologies and technological processes for environmentally friendly crop production while simultaneously increasing the quality indicators of the final wheat harvest. To obtain NPs, metals of the biogenic group were chosen, the content of which in known agrochemical preparations is at least 0.01%. Metal NPs were obtained in discharge chambers filled with deionized water. As a result of underwater electric spark discharges, metal colloids were obtained as a preparative form of nanomaterials for further use and processing of wheat crops. To carry out the certification of NPs by the methods of electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and X-ray structural analysis, the metal phase of the colloidal solutions was separated from the dispersion medium by drying. We determined the composition, structure, and average size of the target NPs. A complex preparation was studied, the composition of which included metal NPs, in particular Fe − 1800 ppm; Cu − 400 ppm; Zn − 1000 ppm; Mn − 800 ppm. Testing of the drug was carried out in field conditions during the cultivation of winter wheat at various stages of organogenesis. The application rate of the drug was 1–1.5 L/ha, accordingly, 1.0–1.5 L of the drug was diluted in 250 L of water. Foliar treatment of wheat plants was carried out. The analysis of grain quality indicators showed a 30% increase in the total protein content and a more than two-fold increase in gluten, which indicates the extraordinary prospects of using the obtained preparations.

Determination of Photothermal and EMI Shielding Efficiency of Graphene-Silver Nanoparticle Composites Prepared under Low-Dose Gamma Irradiation.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been produced by low-dose (1-20 kGy) gamma irradiation of silver nitrate in the presence of graphene-based material (graphene oxide or electrochemically exfoliated graphene). The large surface area of those graphene-based materials combined with the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface provided successful nucleation and growth of Ag nanoparticles, which resulted in a uniformly covered graphene surface. The obtained Ag nanoparticles were spherical with a predominant size distribution of 10-50 nm for graphene oxide and 10-100 nm for electrochemically exfoliated graphene. The photothermal efficiency measurement showed a temperature increase upon exposure to a 532 nm laser for all samples and the highest photothermal efficiency was measured for the graphene oxide/Ag NP sample prepared at 5 kGy. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency measurements showed poor shielding for the composites prepared with graphene oxide. On the other hand, all composites prepared with electrochemically exfoliated graphene showed EMI shielding to some extent, and the best performance was measured for the samples prepared at 5 and 20 kGy doses.

Removal of lead ions from aqueous solution by modified nanocellulose.

Heavy metals significantly impact the environment due to their non-biodegradable, toxic, and carcinogenic behaviors. Lead contaminants impose severe health impacts on humans and the water environment. Therefore, eco-friendly and efficient lead ion removal practices such as nanotechnology are an urgent requirement for the abatement of lead pollution. In the present study, nanocellulose was synthesized from the cotton straw residue using chemical methods and modified with titanium dioxide to form a nanocomposite. The nanocomposite synthesized was characterized by using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and BET. FTIR results noticed peaks at 1648.43 and 1443.57cm-1 for cellulose and Ti-O-Ti bonding at 505.02cm-1. The nanocomposite was noticed to be disordered and irregular in shape. The nanocomposite has particle sizes of 83nm. The nanocomposite crystalline particle had 65% anatase and 32% rutile phases observed from the XRD result. BET results show that the surface area of nanocellulose increases after surface modification from 25.692 to 42.510 m2/g. The adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite was 0.552mg/g was noticed. The Elovich kinetic and Baudu isotherms are the best-fitted models for lead ion adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters resulted in Gibbs free energy decreasing with temperature. This study revealed that modified cellulosic adsorbents efficiently absorbed lead ions derived from cotton straws.

An ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor based on logic transcription circuit-activated DNAzyme amplifier for flap endonuclease 1 activity detection

The accurate detection of flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) activity is crucial for early cancer diagnosis and therapy. Herein, we have established a “target-substrate double-enhanced” DNA electrochemical biosensor by integrating a cleavage-ligation logic transcription circuit-activated DNAzyme amplifier with the transition-metal carbides-gold nanoparticles (MXene-Au) composites for the accurate detection of FEN1 activity. The FEN1 can be translated into a stable transcription hairpin DNA (TH), incorporating the catalytic strand of the DNAzyme via the logic transcription circuit. Then, the TH hybridizes with the substrate strand of DNAzyme and the DNAzyme amplifier can be activated, thus producing a significant quantity of single-stranded DNA (sDNA) and achieving the efficient amplification of the FEN1. Finally, the sDNA loaded with electroactive substances is immobilized on the capture DNA-anchored MXene-Au modified electrode, significantly enhancing the electrochemical signal intensity for highly sensitive FEN1 activity detection. The excellent selectivity and sensitivity of the proposed electrochemical biosensor can facilitate the accurate detection of FEN1 activity in biological samples and aid in screening FEN1-releated drugs. Additionally, three-input concatenated logic gates (AND-AND, INHIBIT-AND, and AND-OR) are constructed for FEN1 activity detection. Particularly, the AND-AND gate achieves logic detection of FEN1 activity in complex samples. Consequently, this bidirectionally enhanced electrochemical biosensor offers a novel analytical method for FEN1 activity detection, showing substantial promise for early diagnosis and drug discovery of FEN1-related disease.

Localized surface plasmon resonance properties of green synthesized Ag/rGO composite nanoparticles utilizing Amaranthus viridis extract for biosensor applications

The green synthesized Ag/rGO composite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using the Hummers' method with Amaranthus viridis extract. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) behavior of the Ag/rGO was studied using the Kretschmann configuration consisting of prism/Au/Ag/rGO/air. The addition of the Ag/rGO composite to the prism system aims to determine the effect of rGO on the SPR angle. X-ray diffraction results showed that there were four diffraction peaks with the presence of lattice planes (111), (200), (220), and (311), proving the face-centered cubic crystal structure of silver. The characterization results showed that the size of Ag NPs was 23.1 nm, and that of Ag/rGO composite was 16.7 nm. The EDX results of the Ag/rGO composite showed the presence of several elements such as C, O, Ag, and N. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed the presence of O–H, C–H, CO, CC, and C–O–C functional groups confirming the formation of Ag/rGO. The UV–Vis spectra showed an absorption peak at 257 nm and 346–412 nm with an increase in band gap energy from 3.27 eV to 3.40 eV. Meanwhile, the LSPR measurements demonstrate a shift in the SPR angle due to the addition of rGO, in which the angle shifts from 0.33 ° to 0.96 °. In conclusion, the addition of rGO can optimize the plasmonic properties of Ag, so that it potentially could be applied to enhance the performance of SPR-based biosensor applications.

Microstructure and tribological properties of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with ZnO–hBN nanocomposite particles

Abstract In this study, pure and hBN-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method. ZnO–hBN nanoparticles were mixed with pure aluminum powders and samples were prepared using powder metallurgy processing parameters. It was observed that Al, ZnO, and hBN nanocomposite particles formed homogeneously. With the addition of ZnO–hBN, significant changes occurred in hardness, wear, and friction coefficient values compared to pure Al samples. The highest hardness value in the samples is mesh. It was obtained as 105 HB in 10 wt.% hBN added sample. In the wear tests, it is seen that the wear resistance is seven times higher in the 1 wt.% hBN added sample compared to the pure Al sample, while the friction coefficient decreases with the increase of the hBN additive.

Gaussian processes modeling for the prediction of polymeric nanoparticle formulation design to enhance encapsulation efficiency and therapeutic efficacy.

Conventional drugs have been facing various drug delivery obstacles, including first-pass metabolism for oral medications, drug degradation by cellular enzymes, off-target effects, and cytotoxicity of healthy cells. Nanoparticles (NP) application in drug delivery can compensate for these drawbacks to a great extent. NPs can be fabricated using different materials and structures to achieve desired therapeutic effects. For each type of NP material, its physicochemical properties determine compatibility with specific drugs and other supplemental compositions. The optimized material selection becomes prominent in NP development to improve NP performances. Due to the nature of NP fabrication, the process is long and expensive. To accelerate NP composition optimization, machine learning (ML) techniques are among the most promising methods for efficient data predictions and optimizations.As a proof-of concept, we created Gaussian Process (GP) models to make predictions for drug encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and therapeutic efficacy of 32 poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs that are formed with materials with different physicochemical properties. Two model drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) and docetaxel (DTX) were loaded separately. The IC50 values for the various NPs formulations were evaluated using the OVCAR3 epithelial ovarian cancer cell line. EE% GP model has the highest prediction accuracy with the lowest normalized root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) of 0.187. The DOX and DTX IC50 GP models have normalized RMSEs of 0.296 and 0.206, respectively, which are higher than that of the EE% GP model.

Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged mesoporous silica composite nanoparticles for loading and controlled release of the hepatoprotective agent silibinin: A-synthesis and physicochemical characterization.

Milk thistle has long been used in the treatment of liver and biliary disorders. In the present study, to make a long-acting delivery system for silibinin (SBN, a major active constituent of milk thistle seeds with antioxidant and hepatoprotective function), mesoporous silica composite nanoparticles (NC) were synthesized and coated with RBC membrane. A modified Stöber method was used for NC synthesis, which was then characterized using FE-SEM, DLS, TEM, FTIR, and EDAX techniques. A suitable lysis buffer was used to prepare RBC-ghost, and sonication was used to coat SBN-loaded NC (SBN-NC). The RBC-ghost coated SBN-NC (SBN-NC-RBCG) was evaluated by SDS-PAGE, Bradford, TEM, EDAX, and DLS methods. SBN release was then compared for the SBN-NC and SBN-NC-RBCG samples. the RBC membrane proteins were recovered from the coating of SBN-NC-RBCG, and SBN release was sustained over 24 h when compared with the SBN-NC. Overall, through prolonging circulation in the bloodstream and evading the immune system, the developed system can improve SBN bioavailability in liver inflammation and fibrosis conditions that need further research.

Fabrication and characterization of oxidized starch-xanthan gum composite nanoparticles with efficient emulsifying properties

This study involved the preparation of nanoparticles by combining oxidized starch (OS) with xanthan gum (XG), and emulsions were prepared from this nanoparticle. The physical and chemical characteristics, as well as the emulsification properties of oxidized starch-xanthan gum composite nanoparticles (OGNP), were analyzed. The findings revealed that the OGNP retained spherical shape after the addition of XG, although their diameter increased from approximately 50–150 to 200–400 nm. Zeta potential decreased with XG content. Moreover, emulsions prepared from OGNP exhibited outstanding thermal stability, also showing enhanced storage stability. In addition, emulsions had different rheological properties at different pH values. The apparent viscosity and shear stress of emulsions under alkaline conditions were lower than that of neutral conditions. NaCl increased the apparent viscosity of OGNP-stabilized emulsions while reducing their thermal stability. The nanoparticles prepared in this study have efficient emulsification properties and can extend the application of OS.